DE2104198A1 - Electrolytic cell - for electrolysis of dual-phase liq mits - Google Patents

Abstract

Dual-phase electrolytic cell enables electrolytic reactions to be performed in a two-phase mixt. of an organic cpd. and an electrolyte by employing an ion-conducting diaphragm that is impermeable to the reactants. The cell is divided by the diaphragm into an anode region and one or both of these regions may consist of conductive moulded bodies which are equipped for the supply of current and have feed and discharge conduits for the electrode regions. The cell can be used for the oxidation or reduction or two-phase mixtures.

Description

Electrolytic Cell The present invention relates to an electrolytic cell for carrying out electrochemical reactions in a two-liquid phase mixture.

The electrolysis of two-phase mixtures of an electrolyte and organic Substances that are largely insoluble in the electrolyte and have only low conductivity have considerable difficulties compared to the electrolysis of homogeneous mixtures. Attempts have been made, for example, by stirring the two-phase mixture or by adding to reduce solubilizers, but this entails increased expenses.

A cell has also been proposed in which the two phases are in extensive contact with each other, with one electrode only in the electrolyte and the other dips through this into the organic matter (DBP 1 255 640).

It has now been found that one can electrochemically in a simple manner Reactions in a. Two-liquid phase mixture of one organic compound and one Can carry out electrolytes if an electrolytic cell with a diaphragm is used, which is characterized by an ion-conducting material which is impermeable to the reactants iiaphragma (1) that divides the cell (2) into an anode and a cathode compartment (3, 3 ') divides, by filling in one or in both rooms with made of electrically conductive electrode material existing molded bodies (4), through devices for power supply lines (5, 5 ') these molded bodies and through supply and discharge lines (6 and 7) for the electrode spaces.

118 Material for the cell housing can be all common, opposite the materials used and the products that are created can be used. the same applies to the diaphragm. Also the electrodes can consist of common materials, e.g. lead or lead alloys, nickel or UicI-el alloys, silver, platinum.

They can have any shape, e.g. made of plates, wires, nets or tissues. It is only necessary to ensure that they are in adequate. Contact breathing with the shaped bodies in the electrode spaces. Also these moldings that too are formed from conventional electrode material, can have any shape. They can be used, for example, as balls, cylinders, pipe sections, nets, fabrics, wool will. On the one hand, these shaped bodies have the purpose of enlarging the electrode area, on the other hand, they maintain their intimate mixing as the gelatin components pass through upright. In addition, the design of the cell, e.g. with regard to the power supply lines to the electrodes or the shaped bodies, the supply and discharge lines for the products, done in the usual way.

The organic substance to be brought about by the electrochemical reaction as well the electrolyte is expediently intimately mixed before being introduced into the cell, e.g. with a fast teacher. It is advantageous to omulsify them mechanically. at passing through see B. of the emulsion through the cell, the fora bodies cause that no segregation occurs.

Depending on the intended use, it is advantageous to fill one or both electrode spaces completely with the fora bodies, so that the segregation only outside the cell goes on, but partial fillings can also be used if necessary. The electrolysis cell can be used for both ozidations and reductions will.

If necessary, it can be trained in such a way that with it both Reactions can be carried out simultaneously. Otherwise, the operation takes place of cells. under normal conditions.

In the drawings Z are exemplary embodiments of the electrolytic cell shown. The usual design features of Display cells in detail.

Figure 1 shows a vortical section through a cell, the whale for oxidation reactions or by surrounding the power supply for reduction reactions can be used. Figure 2 shows a vertical section through a cell, simultaneously can be used for oxidation and reduction reactions.

According to FIG. 1, the one to be used for oiling reactions Cell 2 is a current-conducting, impermeable to the imported or derived products, against these resistant diaphragm 1. The anode space 3 is with Eormkodies, here in the form of short pieces of pipe, filled with electrode material, which are filled with a Plate made of electrode material 5 are in contact as an anode. In the cathode compartment 3 ' there is a corresponding cathode 5 '. Anode and cathode are with power lines Mistake. Both rooms have inlet and outlet lines 6 and 7 for the products and for the electrolyte.

The cell according to FIG. 2 basically has the same structure.

Here, however, they are separated from one another by the diaphragm 1 Electrode spaces 3, 3 'of approximately the same size. As anode 5 resp.

Cathode 5 'are used for nets with which the shaped bodies 4, here as spheres shown1 are in electrically conductive contact. At 6 and 7, there are two the inlets and outlets for the products.

Example 1 Through the anode compartment of an electrolysis cell according to FIG 1 was a mixture of 2 parts of 2Xiger sulfuric acid and 1 part of a saturated Given a solution of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol in cyclohexane. In the cathode room I found goat sulfuric acid. The electrolysis was carried out with an amperage of 30 A driven, which corresponded to a current density of 1.5 A / dm2. The temperature was 300 C. The cell voltage was set at 4.3 V after 3 hours dropped to 4.0 V. A three-hour electrolysis corresponded to a theoretical conversion from 29 <., based on the product used, to the quinone.

Example 2 By means of an electrolysis cell according to FIG given from 2 parts of 2O, <iger sulfuric acid and 1 part of toluene. The cell was at a current strength of 30 A, corresponding to a current density of 1.5 A / dm2 on the geometric surface. The cell voltage was a voltage of 4t5 V. The temperature was 350 C. Two hours of electrolysis corresponded to a theoretical conversion to toluquinone of 1.5%, based on the amount used Toluene.

The toluquinone formed was transferred to the cathode compartment and there reduced to the toluohydroquinone. By extracting the sulfuric acid with diethyl ether the toluohydroquinone could be obtained in high purity.

The current efficiency, based on toluhydroquinone, was 10.2 <p der Theory.

Example 3 Through the anode compartment of an electrolysis cell constructed according to FIG a mixture of 2 parts of 20% strength sulfuric acid and 1 part of anisole was pumped. The oxidation of the anisole was carried out at 30 A and 4.5 V, the temperature was around 350C. A four hour electrolysis was equivalent to a theoretical one Conversion of 2.5, based on the anisole used. The p-benzoquinone formed was reduced in the cathode compartment of the cell, the mixture obtained worked up in a known manner. The current efficiency, based on the end product hydroquinone, was 11.5 *

Claims (1)

Claim: Electrolysis cell with diaphragm for implementation electrochemical reactions in a two-liquid phase mixture of an organic Compound and an electrolyte, characterized by an ion-conducting, for the reactants impermeable diaphragm (1), which the cell (2) in a Anode and a cathode compartment (3, 3 ') divides by fillings in one or both Broaching with molded bodies (4) made of conductive electrode material Devices for power supply lines (5, 5 ') on these molded bodies and by supply or Ableitwigen (6 or 8. 7) for the electrode compartments. Blank page