DE2039854A1 - concrete pump - Google Patents

Description

Concrete Pump A significant advance in the construction of concrete pumps began around 1955 with the replacement of the mechanical drive by hydraulic drive, where mineral oil is used as the transmission medium. Delivery cylinder and hydraulic cylinder are arranged one behind the other (tandem design). The delivery piston is on the The piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is attached between the two cylinders Water space provided, which is sealed off from the hydraulic cylinder on the Eolben rod and is open to the delivery cylinder.

The water filling 'is pushed back and forth by the delivery piston and causes a rounded flushing of the piston raceway.

This basic structure was also used in two-cylinder designs retained, with the cylinder units arranged side by side in a twin design are. The concrete path control was still carried out exclusively by the rotary valve various forms.

A new advance arose with the use of pressurized water as a transfer medium in a lanwhublgen single-cylinder pump (Kästner-Torkret), whose pistons are propelled by the pressurized water of a centrifugal pump and their suction was returned. The disadvantage was the uncertainty of the piston return.

With this type of construction, a flat slide was used for the concrete path control for the first time used, whereby the slide was operated by an oil hydraulic cylinder.

1958 was made possible by the utility model 1780902 in addition to several Cylinder arrangements made known the "boxer" design, in which the cylinder units were attached on both sides of a pendulum cap.

In the patent specification 1181549 from 1958, with mechanical drive represents the hydraulic power transmission from one delivery piston to the other, which were connected to each other by tension members. Here, too, was the service water at the same time rinsing water for the piston raceway.

A further development in the construction of water-powered concrete pumps was made known around 1967 (Putzneister company).

In this two-cylinder pump, the cylinders are side by side in a twin shape arranged. Their mouths are through foldable deflection corner pieces connected to the pendulum flap housing. The pistons are attached to ropes, their Rope drums are located in the water space and outside it by means of a roller chain are coupled in such a way that when the one piston is propelled, its pull cable rotates the drum is unwound and the rope of the other is wound up and the one on it Retracts the attached piston in the suction stroke 0 Removal and installation of the piston takes place on the cylinder mouths after folding away the deflecting corner pieces.

However, the Pandelklappe is moved oil-hydraulically. This is a special one Circuit with oil pump, reservoir, oil cooler and oil container provided. At the same time drives an oil motor drives the agitator of the pre-silo upstream of the pendulum flap. A driver An oil hydraulic control valve on the coupling chain switches to actuate a Auxiliary cylinder, the piston of which reverses the water valve for the delivery cylinder.

The following disadvantages result from the overall structure: In the event of a defect In the oil hydraulics, the water reversal can fail, so that the piston pull cables become overloaded and break. The simultaneous use of two media (water and oil) requires separate containers and special care when servicing. Of the Storage needs to be regular checked and refilled. The presence of mineral oil excludes the use of the concrete pump In some areas (fire hazard) the end.

Another disadvantage is the arrangement required by the design of the deflection corner pieces between the cylinders and the pendulum flap housing: Through the redirection not only of the sucked in fresh concrete, but above all of the conveyed and thereby strongly compacted concrete around Jewells more than 180 ° an increased Flow resistance, which can lead to concrete deposits and clogging. In addition, the corner pieces form a large "harmful" space that creates a "Concrete piston" favors, which is indeed pulled back and forth by the piston hardly in the federal line »elan6t, gradually sets, and, iii dry disintegrates and entrained, can cause blockages in the pump and delivery line.

In the concrete pump according to the invention, these disadvantages are exploited the advantages of water-hydraulic operation avoided. The process water is at the same time rinse water. It can be used without auxiliary equipment after the end of the conveying work Cleaning the delivery line and used for hosing down the concrete pump itself. It is cheap and available anytime. Also, it has about twice that higher heat absorption capacity than oil.

The main feature of the subject of the application is the V-shaped arrangement the delivery cylinder, with their mouths with a short transition on the housing of the two-wing The longitudinal axes of the cylinders are parallel or approximately parallel to the end positions of the pendulum flap from the cylinders ejected, compacted concrete is therefore on its way to the outlet of the delivery line This is for the sucked in, which is only exposed to a slight change in direction Fresh concrete is larger (but less than 1800), but irrelevant because it is not compacted and loosened up by the suction towards the cylinder, each change of direction Willingly follows Due to the achieved reduction in flow resistance, there is a risk of clogging in the pump, especially since the "harmful" space compared to that of parallel cylinders atif is reduced by a fraction. The shape of the short transition is prevented the creation of a "concrete piston", as there are no dead corners in which concrete could settle.

The piston forces are almost entirely used for the actual delivery work available.

As a result of the V-shaped cylinder arrangement, there is a Triangle, in the top of which reads the pendulum flap housing and the base of the coupling drive forms. All of the valves are preferably housed within the triangle, their connections with one another and with the working cylinders are otherwise not have achievable short pipe lengths, so that there are low flow losses.

Since the other components are preferably arranged above the cylinder can be, the result is a compact design in which all parts are still easy and are directly accessible. The dimensions in length and width are optimally small, the weight and thus the manufacturing costs are lower than comparable ones Concrete pumps.

The operation of the pump and the details are from the description and can be seen in the drawings. Figure 1 shows the arrangement of the cylinders and valves and the barrel circuit, FIG. 2 as an exemplary embodiment, the longitudinal view of an inventive Concrete pump in a mobile version, Figure 3 an energy storage device in addition to the driver on the coupling chain, FIG. 4, a pulse valve, FIG. 5, a shut-off valve figure 6 the installation of the flat filter and the water pump connection on the water tank Figure 7 a cylinder head with the device for holding the cable drum and the Working opening for inserting tools for removing and installing the piston 0 B e s c h r e i b u n g The schematic representation in Figure 1 shows the concrete pump Beginning of the delivery stroke of the piston 1 in the delivery cylinder 2 and of the Saugilubes Piston 3 in cylinder 4.

The pressurized water entering the cylinder head 6 at 5 drives pistons 1 towards the pendulum valve housing 7, while piston 3 moves towards the cylinder head 8 is, since the pull valve 9 runs off the cable drum 10 and this is set in rotation, so that the chain wheel 11 attached to it outside of the water area through the coupling chain 12 also includes the cable drum 14 which is located in the cylinder head and carries the sprocket 13 The piston 3 is set in rotation by means of the pull rope 15 and pulls the piston 3 towards itself.

The water in the cylinder 4 is thereby via the connection 16, line 17 and control valve 18 in the return line leading to the water tank 19 20 pressed The pressurized water driving the piston 1 is supplied via line 21, control valve 22, line 23, main valve 24, pressure line 25 and shut-off valve 26 supplied by the centrifugal pump As soon as the driver attached to the chain 12 27 at the beginning of the piston stroke from its Ansthlag, the energy storage 28, pulled away is, in this (see Figure 3) built-in compression spring 29 is relaxed and the The shift lever 30 previously held back by it is replaced by the piston valve 31 of the control valve 18 built-in compression spring 32 pivoted about its axis of rotation 33, until it hits the air magnet 34 and is held in place by it.

During the stroke movement of pistons 1 and 3, the z "ride moves Mitnelimer 35, on his stop, the energy storage 36 and hits him briefly before the dead center position of the piston. He tensions the built-in compression spring, until it overcomes the inertia of the magnet 37 and the one that has been held so far Shift lever 38 pivoted about its axis 39. This moves the piston valve 40 of the control valve 22 »which now connects the line 21 with the return line 20, so that the water space of the cylinder 2 is immediately depressurized and, as a result of their coupling, Both pistons stop, namely piston 1 nm pressure stroke end in front of the pendulum valve housing 7th Piston 3 at the end of the suction stroke in front of the cylinder head 80 due to the displacement of the piston valve 40 was, simultaneously with the connection of the lines 21 and 20, the pressure line 23 is connected to the line 41, which is now the pressurized water leads to the adjusting cylinder 42, the piston 43 of which is advanced as a result, and the pendulum flap 44 is adjusted It now connects the cylinder 2 with the suction channel 45 and cylinder 4 with the pressure channel 46 'to which the delivery line is connected.

The water displaced from the adjusting cylinder by the piston 43 flows via line 51, control valve 18, line 50 and return line 20 to the container.

If the piston 43 has finished its stroke or it remains due to relocation There are stones jammed in front of the flap, so in line 41 a Druok rise. If this reaches the level of the opening pressure of the line 41 connected Impulse valve 47, so Druok water enters the main valve via the control line 48 24 and moves its piston valve 49, which now the pressure line 25 with the Line 50 connects. The pressurized water reaches the control valve 18, line 17 and connection 16 in the cylinder 4, the piston 3 maoht its Druokhub. That from rope 15 pulled to him turns di.

Cable drum 14 including chain wheel 13; chain 12 becomes a sprocket 11 together with the cable drum 10 also rotated so that it winds up the cable 9 and so that piston 1 pulls towards you. The latter therefore makes its suction stroke.

Has piston 3, which is executing its pressure stroke at the same time, this one almost finished, the driver 27 arriving with the chain 12 hits the energy storage device 28, the compression spring of which is tensioned and tears off the shift lever 30 from the magnet 34. It is pivoted when the spring is pushed in and controls the piston valve 32 um.

As a result, the water space of the cylinder 4 is via line 17 and control valve 18 connected to the return line 20 and immediately depressurized, so that both pistons stop. You are back in the position shown.

When the piston valve 31 was reversed, line 51 became via the main valve 24 and line 50 connected to the pressure line 25 and the pressurized water to the adjusting cylinder 42 headed. Its piston 43 moves back into the position shown and brings the pendulum flap 44 also in its old position. Has this been achieved or remains Piston 43 had previously been prematurely due to blockage of the valve by stones, see above a rise in pressure occurs in line 51, which via the pulse valve 52 and control line 53 allows pressurized water to flow into the main valve 24 so that whose Piston slide 49 is moved to the left and occupies the position shown. A work cycle has now been completed.

The magnets 54 built into the end faces of the main valve 24, 55 hold the piston valve in its respective end position and secure it against random movement. The holding magnets used here and on the switching levers are permanent magnets with an unlimited lifespan and replace the usual breakdown-prone ones Notches with locking ball and spring.

Details of the pulse valve can be seen from FIG. It is provided in a manner known per se with a differential piston 56, but according to the invention improved by the fact that in the closed position there is the backflow in the main valve displaced control water releases the return flow to the water tank.

The resulting back pressure acts on the pin of smaller diameter and thereby moves the differential piston against the pressure of the spring until the Pine leaves its lead. The water pressure now acts on the full piston area and moves the Itolbenkörper up to its stop. He remains in this position Stand flutter-free, as the hold-open pressure only remains in place despite the increased spring tension a fraction of the opening pressure amounts to. Represents the piston body at the stop, it gives the bridge water the passage through hole 57 in the housing to the control line, if the piston body moves into the Closed position back, so connect its bores 58 via its cavity with the line 59, the used control oil to the return line 20 or direlct to Lets the water tank flow off. In the same way, the leakage oil is also released from the control unit ammern of the main valve derived.

The lines 41, 51 are passed through a four-way valve 60 which they can be swapped. The piston of the adjusting cylinder 42 controls then the pendulum folds over in such a way that the conveying direction of the concrete pump is reversed the cylinders then suck out of the delivery line and push the concrete into the Agitator tank, If the four-way valve is brought into a closing middle position, so it blocks the adjustable cylinder from the pressurized water a1z and the pendulum flap can be blocked in any position, for example half-open.

The pulse valves continue to work, however, so that the delivery pistons keep walking and keep the concrete moving without pumping.

A brief full switchover of the four-way valve causes at incipient clogging. immediate relaxation of the concrete, so that after one or two piston strokes can be switched back to normal operation.

Since concrete pumps are mostly operated with remote control devices, so are not constantly monitored by a machinist, is the invention Equip the concrete pump with a number of safety devices.

This includes a slack rope switch, the cover 61 of the free space 62 is attached. It consists of the IIebel 63, which is stored in the cover and carries a counter on his inner arm, expediently a roller 649, which carries with it moderate pressure on the piston pull rope (9,15). When the rope tension decreases, especially in the event of a rope break, the lever deflection caused by this is actuated by means of of a pulling element 65, the shut-off valve 26, the details of which can be seen in FIG are.

The housed in the valve body 26 control member 66 is through a Notch 67 is held. If this is unlocked by the pulling element 65 or by hand, so if the control element 66 falls, supported by the spring 68, the pressurized water is shut off from the working cycle and forwards it via line 20 or directly to the container 19 (Figure 1) back. The detent can also be unlocked using a high pressure valve 70, approximately in the same design as the pulse valves 47, 52, where the tapped pressurized water flows to an auxiliary cylinder 71, the piston 72 of which is the list solves. The piston 66 can also with rod 73 via a suitable linkage 74 the Switch off the water pump drive, for example by disengaging a clutch.

The free space 62 with cover 61 is for receiving the delivery piston intended for removal or reinstallation.

When removing, the piston is in dead center, i.e. still in the cylinder. In this position, see Figure 7, the cable drum, for example by means of Eccentric axis 75, held and then released the pull rope (9, 15). With suitable Tool, expediently introduced through the auxiliary opening 76, is pulled forward to the piston and then taken out. The embedding is the other way around. The definition the rope drum ensures that the rope windings do not loosen on the drum can. After hanging the rope on the piston and inserting it into the cylinder is, iiacii closure of the free space, the pump is immediately ready for operation again, there the position of the cable drums and thus of the controlling KoI-pelgetriebes does not change became.

The operating water of the pump is supplied by components made of concrete (cement resin, Sand), as it is not only used as a propellant, but also for flushing the Cylinder walls is used. It must therefore be filtered. The installation one Filters in the usual way, whether in pressure or return flow, acted in each If there is a pressure loss due to its flow resistance. Also was the cleaning the filter cumbersome, often not even possible because the fine-meshed sieves, mostly round sieves, were not accessible to a jet of cleaning liquid and a simple rinse with a pressure jet is not enough.

The inventive arrangement of the filter in the upper part of the water tank 19 on the other hand solves this problem in the simplest way.

As can be seen from Figure 6, the flat filter 77 is in the upper part of the water tank housed. It expediently extends over the entire area the same, so offers the water only a low flow resistance The distance of the filter from the upper edge of the container is due to the resulting water level of the water, according to the flow resistance.

If this increases due to pollution, the water level rises, until the water finally enters the water level pipe 78 as an overflow.

This overflow is visible and already gives the beginning and the degree to learn of pollution. Since the filter after removing the cover 79 easily is removable, If necessary, it can even be used during operation getting cleaned. The latter is particularly easy because it is accessible from the freely accessible Back with a jet of water that the water pump itself delivers, quickly and can be cleaned reliably.

Since the centrifugal pump, especially with large pumps, exerts a strong suction, If the water level in the tank is not high enough, craters would form and thus air access to the pump occurs or the container could never be pumped empty, its volume can therefore not be fully used, since the process water is after Completion of the conveyance to be used to clean the conveying line.

The container is therefore at the bottom with a nozzle 80,, an inverted one "Dem", into which the suction pipe 81 of the pump protrudes. The nozzle is with an emptying device (tap or the like) equipped, by means of which any Sludge parts removed or fresh water introduced to fill the container can be.

The process water is expediently more oily with the addition of agents Quality corrosion-proof and lubricious. At the same time, it binds Emulsified additives remove the suspended solids in the water, so that final cream is more easily filtered off will be able to.

Claims (29)

P a t e n t a n 5 p r ü c h e Two-cylinder concrete pump with pressurized water operation, their delivery pistons are attached to ropes, which are located on rope drums within the cylinder water spaces unwind and rewind and their synchronous movement by an outside of the water spaces with the cable drum shafts connected coupling link is effected with mechanical-hydraulic Self-control, characterized in that the cylinders are arranged in a V-shape, 2. Concrete pump according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylinder longitudinal axes parallel or approximately parallel to the end positions of the used as a concrete control element double-leaf pendulum flap. 3. Concrete pump according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the adjusting cylinder (s) to move the pendulum flap through the same pressurized water circuit how the delivery cylinders are operated. 4. Concrete pump according to claims 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that that the control valves for the water circuit are preferably in that of the delivery cylinders arranged as a leg and the triangle formed as a base to be thought of coupling member are. 5. Concrete pump according to claims 1, 2, 3 and 4, characterized in that that on the coupling link, preferably a roller chain -, brought out driver for the Delivery piston, which just ended its pressure stroke (delivery stroke) liat, by means of the associated Control valve switch off the pressurized water flow and it for the piston at the same time switch on in the adjusting cylinder so that the pendulum flap is adjusted accordingly. 6. Concrete pump according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, characterized in that that with one by stopping the Verstellkolbeiis in the to the adjusting cylinder leading pressure lines resulting pressure increase with an adjustable water pressure peak opening pulse valve a control water flow to one of the cylinder control valves upstream main valve conducts and its control element, preferably one Piston valve adjusted accordingly. 7, concrete pump according to claim 6, characterized in that the piston slide is held in its end positions by holding magnets. 8. Concrete pump according to claim 5, characterized in that the entrainment sea Give away via an energy storage device (for example a compression spring) and one with a detent Switch lever to switch the associated control valve. 9. Concrete pump according to claim 8, characterized in that as a detent a permanent magnet (holding magnet) is used. 10. Concrete pump according to claims 5, 8 and 9, characterized in that that the shift lever after release by the associated driver at the beginning of Delivery piston movement by a restoring force, for example by a spring, returned to their basic position, in which they are in contact with a holding magnet will. 11. Concrete pump according to claim 10, characterized in that it Return fields is arranged in the spool of the control valves. 12. Concrete pump according to claim 6, characterized in that the pulse valve is designed as a differential piston valve, 13. Concrete pump according to claims 6 and 12, characterized in that the differential piston in The closed position of the valve corresponds to the control water flow displaced in the main valve The drain into the return line to the water tank opens. 14. Concrete pump according to claims 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that the pressure lines to the adjusting cylinder are switched by means of a four-way valve (swap) can be. 15. Concrete pump according to claim 1l2, characterized in that in the closing middle position of the four-way valve of the adjusting piston unci with it the pendulum flap can be blocked in the desired position. 16. Concrete pump according to claims 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that that the cylinder heads are provided with a free space as an extension of the cylinder axis into which the delivery piston is drawn for removal and used for installation will. 17. Concrete pump according to claims 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that that the cylinder: ö.pfe understand with a device for holding the cable drum are. 18. Concrete pump according to claim 17, characterized in that the retaining device consists of an axis with an eccentric middle part, which is against the cable drum or oesen the cable windings is pressed. 19. Concrete pump according to claims 16, 17 and 18, characterized in that that the cylinder heads in extension of the cylinder longitudinal axis with a lockable Opening for filling in tools for removing and installing the solenoid are provided. 20. Concrete pump according to claims 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that that the cylinder heads are provided with a cover in the area of the free space. 21. Concrete pump according to claim 20, characterized in that the A slack rope switch is attached to the lids. 22. Concrete pump according to claim 21, characterized in that the slack rope switch act on a shut-off valve in the pressurized water supply line. 23. Concrete pump according to claim 22, characterized in that the shut-off valve can also be operated by iland. 24. Concrete pump according to claims 22 and 23, characterized in that that the shut-off valve can be switched by a maximum pressure valve. 25. Concrete pump according to Ansprijohen 22, 23 and 24, characterized in that that the shut-off valve to interrupt the water pump drive, for example to disengage a clutch between the drive motor and water pump - venzendet will. 26. Concrete pump according to Ahspruch 1, characterized in that the filter, advantageously designed as a flat filter, in the upper part of the whole by a lid or partially closable water container is arranged. 27. Concrete pump according to claim 26, characterized in that the rooms the water tank above and below the filter through a water level pipe connected, which overflows and thus indicates the clogging of the filter and 90 can be seen from the outside. 28. Concrete: pump according to claims 1 to 27, characterized in that that the operating water of the concrete pump a corrosion-preventing agent, for example a type of drilling oil, which has a lubricating effect and the suspended solids at the same time binds to facilitate their filtering, 29. Concrete pump according to claim 1, characterized characterized in that a support is attached to the bottom of the water tank, in which the The suction pipe to the water pump protrudes from above.