DE2030939A1 - Method and device for treating fibers with liquids - Google Patents

Description

Patent attorney Dipl.-Phys. Gerhard Liedl 8 Munich W ISteinsdorf str. 21-22 Tel. 29 84 62

B 4715

UNISEARCHLIMITED,
University of New South Wales, Barker Street, Kensington, New South Wales

Method and device for treating fibers with liquids

The invention relates to a method and a device for treatment of fiber material with a liquid. In particular, the invention relates to a method and a device for degreasing, soaking, Carbonizing and bleaching of wool. The term "fiber material" applies not only to natural fibers, for example from full grain and cotton, but also structures of metallic or non-metallic threads, artificial fibers and straw,

Dr.F / Ho 10981 3 / US9

2030 * 3.3-.

The method according to the invention and the device according to the invention can be of great advantage in degreasing raw, greasy wool be used where it is necessary to distinguish from the crowd and the individual

see white fibers, quantities of wool fat, wool / (essentially evaporation, sheep), to remove animal, vegetable and mineral substances, while at the same time suppressing the fiber movement, the chemical damage of fibers is reduced to a minimum and the implementation is carried out continuously. Other uses of the invention concern washing, degreasing, extracting, pickling, dyeing,

si
layering, carbonizing and neutralizing and the like of any fibrous or straw-like material, including natural fibers or straw and artificial threads (metallic or non-metallic), which may be present as a thin, permeable layer. These materials can be in woven or knitted form or as felt. They may also exist as a collection of fibers where it is desirable to minimize agitation and provide effective uniform treatment. The invention is used to advantage when large quantities have to be processed and the above-mentioned aspects have to be taken into account. To describe and explain the invention, the degreasing of raw, greasy wool is treated. In this case, the movement of the fibers is stimulated by surface friction and internal causes, as well as by external mechanical influences.

In the production of textiles, this process is called raw wool degreasing known. It is carried out with the help of an aqueous degreasing solution made from soap and soda or synthetic detergents that are based on the loose wool has an effect. "Loose wool" means V & ll fibers

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understood, which are arranged so that they are partially parallel, partially but are not aligned parallel to each other. The loose wool is usually degreased by passing it through a series of tanks which contain the degreasing liquor. The last tank is a rinse tank with water. The caustic temperatures are at optimal Loose wool degreasing set, usually in the range of 37 to 71 C. In the tanks, the loose wool is raked through and through Frictional forces of the liquid moved on. Although it can move freely, it is mainly immersed in the lye. "Between the tanks it is lifted out of the lye and passed through squeegee rollers. Then the loose wool goes into the next tank,

This process is effective for degreasing the loose wool to unwanted To remove substances to the extent that it; allows the subsequent To carry out processing of the defatted wool. However, it has a number of disadvantages. The growing together or devouring Winding up the fibers of the loose wool is a major disadvantage. It leads to fiber breakage during subsequent processing. The next procedure after degreasing the raw, greasy wool is the carding. Here, the loose, defatted wool is disentangled around the individual fibers in a practically parallel arrangement in a card sliver align. During carding, the wool fibers break when they are disentangled. The degree of fiber breakage depends on the degree of entanglement the defatted wool. In wool processing, the longer fibers are considerably more valuable than the shorter ones, with most being short Fibers arise from fiber breakage. It is therefore particularly important that the loose wool should grow together during the degreasing process the wool is kept to a minimum. There is one in that

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the most important advantages of the present invention when applied to wool degreasing. Other disadvantages of the prior art processes are that prolonged contact of the wool with the alkaline liquids promotes yellowing of the wool and even reduces the strength of the fibers. . The machines used cannot easily be adjusted to continuous processes, since the accumulation of dirt makes it necessary to open the systems frequently for cleaning purposes.

Various attempts have been made to overcome these disadvantages through the use of jets of liquid applied to the submerged, compressed layers of loose wool. The same was attempted by spraying liquid on the unsubmerged, uncompressed layers of the loose wool. However, it has been found that these processes are not competitive. Furthermore, the machines used are relatively complicated. In addition, the wool during transportation come from a transport element to the difficulties W culties on.

The object of the present invention consists in a method and in a device of great effectiveness, with high production rates are achieved with short treatment times, so that the damage the materials used, which occur in the usual processes, is depressed to a minimum. Another task is to keep the fibers from growing together by moving towards each other during to prevent treatment. Finally, it is still an object to propose a device that is inexpensive to manufacture.

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10309

These objects are with the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention solved.

The process of treating fiber material with a liquid is characterized in that the fibers to be treated are formed into a thin layer between porous conveying parts and run through these conveyed parts are transported by a treatment liquid, the conveying parts being passed through a series of pinching devices run, which are arranged so that they compress the conveying parts as they pass, in order to prevent the fibers from moving towards each other and uni to give an impulse leading to a relative movement between the treatment liquid and the transported fibers along the fiber layer and at the same time the liquid through allows the layer to flow, the direction of the liquid being essentially runs perpendicular to the layer plane.

The device according to the invention for treating fiber material with a liquid is characterized in that it consists of at least one tank with treatment liquid, a pair of closely spaced conveyor belts, which pass through the liquid in the Tanks run, with conveyor belts constructed and arranged are that they are applied to the thin layer of the fiber material to be treated exert a pressure and convey it from a series of pinching devices, which are arranged on both sides and along the conveying parts in the tank each pinching device being arranged to compress the conveyor belts as they pass to keep the fibers moving to prevent each other and to cause an impulse that leads to a relative movement between the treatment liquid and the transported fibers along the fiber layer leads, and from parts

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consists that the liquid through the layer is essentially perpendicular flow to the plane of the layer.

When applying the method according to the invention to the tung vein wool, the layer of loose wool between two porous Conveying parts through which fluids flow continuously and which through a series of regularly arranged pinching devices are pressed together, prevented from moving with respect to one another. The speed of these conveyed parts and the length of the degreasing bath is adjusted so that the contact time of the wool with the liquid is very short. This will remove any chemical damage to the fiber that caused by the dissolved alkali. The only significant one mechanical movement when transporting the wool layer through the degreasing machine is the movement of the two conveyor parts sliding through a series of pinches in front of directions, each pair preferably has a stationary element and a second element which is freely movable perpendicular to the layer of wool. There are no transport points exist between the degreasing tanks and the machine they very easy. Through suitable tanks and a process flow structure the continuous removal of the dirt is made much easier, so that a continuous degreasing process is possible.

In the method according to the invention, a thin fiber layer is necessary, so that the treatment liquid has easy access and a uniform treatment of the fibers and / or removal of the contaminants is possible. An advantage of the method according to the invention is that the thin fiber layer between the porous Conveyed parts is held, transported at high speed can be.

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A particular advantage of the invention consists in the use of the pinching devices in the form of pinching parts. They press on the opposite sides of the porous conveying parts when they run through the pinching devices. Each pinch part has a surface called L ,. is arranged that a wedge-shaped space is described between the pinching part and a conveying part. The surfaces have a hydrodynamic effect and generate a uniform, unidirectional flow of the liquid through the fiber layer when the conveying parts slide through them. Pinching devices of this type are also referred to by the better term "wedge nips". The pinching parts described are preferably used. However, other pinching parts, for example pairs of rollers that rotate with respect to the fiber layer, can also be used. Fixed parts, such as stationary brackets, can also be used.

To better explain the idea according to the invention some preferred embodiments with reference to dir Drawings described in more detail.

Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a treatment unit;

Fig. 2 shows a similar section, to a limited extent shows a complete set up of six units;

Fig. 3 corresponds approximately to Fig. 1. In this embodiment, the Rollers replaced by pinch wedges;

Fig. 4 shows a complete set-up of six units. see also Fig. 3; .

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Fig. Δ illustrates the way in which the wedges work »

In the devices shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, two hold porous conveyor belts 10 and 11 a thin layer of wool 12, the z. B. can be 2 to 3 mm thick. She is going through the device at a speed for example 45.7 m per minute »A treatment unit The device consists of two tanks 13 and 14, with tank 14 for collecting and storing the treatment liquid is used, which is conveyed by a circulation pump 15 to the processing tank 13

* is changed. In the processing tank 13 there are a number of

Pinching devices arranged in pairs. The arrangement with Roles is shown in Fig. 1, the knee parts 17 are shown in Fig. 3, which are lightly loaded to push on the conveyors 10 and 11 as they pass, and a relative speed between To produce liquid and the fibers in the same plane of the wool layer 12. The liquid conveyed by the circulation pump 15 enters the processing tank 13 at point 18. From here it flows continues to seep through the moving wool layer, which impregnates it. At the same time, a continuous displacement of liquid is generated perpendicular to the wool layer. This liquid flows

'then over a dam 21 (see Fig. 1) or holds a certain

Level (shown in Fig. 3) on the moving wool layer before the the latter enters the processing tank 13. It then flows into the storage tank 14 back. It flows through layer Ϊ2 before entering reaches the storage tank.

At the entry and exit points of the conveyor belts 10 and 11 on the tanks 13 and 14 there are seals 22 _O wedge of excess treatment liquid retained by the wool layer;

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Working tank 13 is carried out by a pair of squeegees 21 (shown in Fig. 1) removed. You can also partially through Refill semi-liquid to be replaced by the next processing stage (reproduced in Fig. 3) is pumped, with at least ^ two pairs of lightly loaded pinching devices (e.g. the small roller 16 of Fig. 1 or the wedges 23 of Fig. 3) are used will.

A full set of six such dental units is in Fig. 2 and Fig. 4 reproduced. They contain the drive pulleys 24, 25, 26 and 27 for the conveyor belts. The drive pulleys 26 and 27 are driven by geared electric motors 28. The bands 10 and 11 are supported by conventional tensioning devices not shown are kept in tension. As a result, they exert a certain pressure on the fiber layer located between them.

It can be seen that the conveyor belts 10 and 11 run through the whole Extend the length of the device. Within or between the individual, In these stages, no transfer of the wool fibers is required.

In the device of Fig. 2, by pumps and tubes that are not are shown by the tanks of the separate units a minor Countercurrent of the treatment liquid generated.

In both forms of the device, the very thin layer of wool becomes very large quickly transported through the device, taking a number of Is subjected to pulses when it passes the pinching devices. These create a violent movement between the liquid and the Fibers.

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The wedges 17 of FIGS. 3 and 4 are in front of the rollers 16 of FIG and 2 given preference as a hypothetical study of the pinch effects has shown that squeeze rollers require higher inertia reversal, to remove the viscous liquids that are in the knees .. ^ were dragged on the roller surface while the solid material runs through the pince-nez.

In order to avoid the problems of the inversion of inertia and the build-up of the high pressure in the pinching area (which leads to an excessively large contact surface which requires a higher load in order to maintain the necessary contact pressure), a pinching device has been proposed, which uses a pair of wedges directed against the direction of movement, with one wedge below and one wedge above the conveyor is arranged and they press together.

In a degreasing process, however, a cross flow is particularly beneficial. The wedge arrangement shown in FIG. 2 was therefore adopted, which has a secondary effect. the is predicted by the hydrodynamic theory of the flow of viscous fluids in wedges. .

It has been found that pinching wedges are useful in producing a uniform, unidirectional flow of liquids through the layer are particularly effective. In contrast, it is changing in the rollers shown in Fig. 1 the flow through the bed is considerable from place to place, with a maximum between the rollers occurs.

471 * ϊ

10981 3 / U59

- Ii -

A complex of such pinching parts has been used, some practical Considerations were in the foreground. This includes rounded ends so as not to damage the material passing through, smooth fronts on the pinch to share the resistance created by the 'viscosity the liquid is caused to be reduced to a minimum, small contact surfaces, which have the advantage that low loads generate a relatively high contact pressure, the resistance required by the pincers being low and uniformity of the Cross flow during the transport of the material by maintaining it a reasonable, constant, hydrodynamic pressure gradient. The pinching parts can be made of sheet metal, e.g. B. made of stainless steel, be shaped. A force is exerted on the pinching parts by a spring which represents the contact pressure of the pincer. The upper pinching parts are rotatably mounted at points 30 in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3, respectively. The pinch parts can only be moved in a vertical direction. This is the case with irregularities in the wool layer. The lower Pinch parts are firmly attached.

The distance between the pinching parts of any kind is adjusted so that each Fiber is held by a pincer at all times. The distance between the pinching devices is therefore preferably so established that he be the mean length of each fiber going to are treated, corresponds.

The action of the pinching parts is illustrated in Fig. 5, where two complete sets are shown. Above and below the conveyor " Ribbons 10 and 11, between which the fiber layer 12 lies, are the pinching parts 31 and 31a arranged, which differ in shape and construction from the pinching parts of FIG. 1, but functionally

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are equivalent. Each Kheifteil is made of sheet metal strips at each end as shown in Fig. 5. The surfaces or 32a are directed against the conveyor belts 10 and 11. These surfaces are arranged so that they are connected to the opposite FrTd -.- "- band form a wedge-shaped space 33.

The parts 31a are fixed, while the parts 31 are attached so that they are movable in the vertical direction. They are either rotatably mounted at point 34 or attached to a rod that is located in a vertical " can move freely in the right direction. The parts 31 are pressed down by spiral springs 35. Part of the parts 31 or 31a near the Tip 36 comes into contact with the opposite conveyor belt and the fiber layer 12 is between these parts of the opposite Parts 31 and 31a pinched.

The broken lines with arrows indicate the direction of flow of the liquid through the fiber layer according to the hydrodynamic effect of the surfaces 32 and 32a again, being assumed is that the conveyor belts 10 and 11 move in the direction of arrow 37. This movement of the conveyor belts causes impulses in the Far serschicht, which leads to a relative movement between the fibers and

of the liquid along the layer and a unidirectional one Cause the fluid to flow across the layer as indicated by the broken, arrows drawn lines is.

It can be seen that the parts 31 and 31a in the form of the " Distinguish parts that make up surfaces 32 and 32a »The end shape of these areas is to a large extent arbitrary.

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The pinch wedges are still in the unit of Fig. 3 in an additional way used. It consists in displacing the liquid in the wool layer by the liquid of the following, less contaminated processing unit.

The liquid of the next following unit is passed through the inlet pumped into the tank 14 .. Due to the hydrodynamic effect of the pinch wedges 23 In this area of the tank, the liquid in the wool layer is replaced by the less polluted liquid in the next unit replaced. This means that it is not necessary to use the squeegee rollers, for example the rollers 21 of FIG. 1. The liquid supplied is larger in volume than the liquid replaced from the bed, which creates a countercurrent flow through the system.

The construction of FIG. 3 has additional wedges 39. These The wedges corresponding to the wedges 23 are arranged so that a downward flow of liquid through the fiber layer 12 is produced. This is in contrast to the action of the wedges 17 which create an upward flow of liquid.

The liquid flows from the tank 13 through the layer 12 below the Effect of the wedges 39 in the tank 14, whereby the fibers of a subjected to preliminary treatment with more polluted liquid which had already flowed through the layer 12.

Experimental results are given below that were obtained with a single device were obtained, which essentially in Fig. 3 is reproduced.

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,. 2

Example I.

Merino wool (60 ^s -64 ^s ) containing 18% fat was formed into a layer, the density of which was 0.049 g / cm. It was passed _{through a degreasing liquid that contained O 5} 3% soap and O ₃ 1% soda between the belts at a speed of 45.6 m per minute. The bath temperature was 93 ⁰ C ₀ There was a flow velocity of the liquid of the tank by the wool layer of 14 7 l / min

. The time required for the wool to pass through the device was 2 seconds. Each knee part exerted a pressure of G, 089 kg per linear centimeter of the length of the knee.

the _n

hand out across / conveyor belts. With a single run, the The fat content of the wool is reduced to 6%.

Example II

Crossbred wool (46) was treated under the same conditions as in Example I. The initial fat content before 7 ₉ 5% was reduced to G.75%.

In carrying out the process of the invention is DI® decision, fatliquoring of wool particularly advantageous with a belt speed of ₃ IS, 2 m / min to 91 m / min is performed. It is preferred

to 2

a density of the wool in the layer up to / Q, »24 g / cm. It is not mog "borrowed defined clues to the density of the fiber layer and the • speed at which the conveyor parts, you must fill to _move? sw given = given . The exact setting depends in particular on the mate of the wool. This applies especially to whom other fibers ver

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will be working. The lower the solids content of the fiber layer, the thicker the layer can be and the slower the movement of the Conveyed parts. However, if more solids are present, the opposite is true the case.

The method according to the invention has been demonstrated using the example of degreasing Wool explained. However, it is necessary to point out that there is also a Variety of other treatments can be done. The method can also be used to treat other fibers.

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Claims (21)

Patent claims , Process for treating fiber material with a liquid, characterized in that the fibers to be treated between p-> · Red conveying parts formed into a thin layer and through these conveying parts be transported by a treatment liquid, the conveying parts run through a series of Kneifvorricht ungen so are arranged so that they compress the conveying parts as they pass, in order to prevent the fibers from moving towards one another and around one To give momentum leading to a relative movement between the treatment liquid and guides the transported fibers along the fiber layer and at the same time allows the liquid to flow through the layer, the direction of the liquid being essentially perpendicular to the plane of the layer. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pinching devices Pairs of rollers are, of which one roller is arranged on each side of the conveying parts. ™ 3, method according to claim 1, characterized in; that every pinch device consists of a pair of Kneifteüen, which are located on opposite sides Sides of the conveying parts are located, with an outer surface of each pinching part forming an acute angle with the outer surface of one of the Forms conveying parts, so that a wedge-shaped space is formed, wherein a part at the end of the outer surface is in contact with a conveying part, these parts of the two pinching parts work together so that they the conveyed parts squeeze together when passing, the outer surfaces are arranged so that they have a hydrodynamic Brwekgradienten ^471§ 1 0 9 8 1 3 / UG 9 maintained across the fiber layer and in this way a uniform, create a unidirectional flow of treatment liquid through the fibers. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the barrel of the porous conveying parts is essentially horizontal and the pinching parts, which are arranged below the fiber layer and which are in contact with the lower conveying part are fixed, while the pinching parts, which are in contact with the upper conveying part can move according to the irregularities of the fiber layer, with a Part of each pinching device presses against the upper conveyor part. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the pinching parts are arranged to create a flow of liquid through the fiber layer in an upward direction. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the conveying parts, before they pass the pinch parts in the tank, pass through a number of similar pinch parts, the arrangement of which creates a flow of liquid "generated by the fiber layer in a downward direction, wherein the fibers are subjected to a preliminary exposure to the liquid and wherein the treatment liquid is circulated in the tank. 7. The method according to the preceding claims, characterized in that that there are several groups of pinching devices, each group is in its own tank with treatment liquid, the fiber layer is continuously conveyed through the porous conveying parts in turn through each group and treated with the liquid ₄₇₁₅ 1098 13/1459 030939 delt, the liquid in the fiber layer after passing through it all Pinch devices are removed and a countercurrent flow of liquid is maintained through these tanks. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the removal of the liquid is carried out with squeeze rollers, 9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the liquid is removed by the fact that the fiber layer is subjected to a countercurrent of the liquid, which from the subsequent tank with Less polluted liquid is pumped, using pinch devices which are defined in claim 2 or 5, the are arranged so that they generate a flow of liquid from the subsequent tank through the fiber layer to those in the fiber layer to remove existing liquid, the removed liquid being returned to the tank in which the fiber layer was previously treated became. 10. The method according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the fiber material used is not, defatted wool fibers and the liquid is a degreasing liquid, the to, 2 Wool fibers formed into a layer with a density of up to / 0.244 g / cm and the conveying speed of the conveyed parts between 15.2 and 91.4 m / min. 11. Device for treating fiber material with ein®! ³ liquid, characterized in that it consists of at least one tank with treatment liquid, from a pair of closely spaced conveyor belts which run through the liquid in the tanks, wherein ⁴⁷¹⁵ 109813 / U59 the conveyor belts are constructed and arranged so that they exert a pressure on this thin layer of the fiber material to be treated and convey it, from a series of pinching devices which are arranged on both sides and along the conveying parts in the tank, each ¥ nx- £ device is arranged to compress the conveyor belts as they pass to prevent the fibers from moving relative to one another to
and to cause an impulse which induces relative movement between the treatment liquid and the transported fibers along the fiber layer and consists of parts which cause the liquid to flow through the layer substantially perpendicular to the plane of the layer. 12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that each Pinching device consists of a pair of rollers on both sides the conveyor belts are arranged. 13. The apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that each Pinching device consists of a pair of pinching pieces located on opposite sides of the conveying pieces, each pinching piece has an outer surface that coincides with the outer surface of one of the conveying members forms an acute angle, which describes a wedge-shaped space becomes, a part at one end of the outer surface in contact with is a conveying part, these parts of the two pinching parts act so that they press the conveying parts together as they pass, the outer surfaces are arranged so that they transversely to the fiber layer a hydrodynamic Maintain pressure gradients and in this way one uniform, unidirectional flow of the treatment liquid through the fiber. 1098 137 1 4 59 BATH ORIGINAL 14. The device according to claim 13, characterized in that the run of the conveyor belts is substantially horizontal and the conveyor belts, which are below the fiber layer and in contact with the lower conveying part are stationary, while the conveying parts, Jk: ■ - » Are in contact with the upper conveying part, are movable according to the irregularities of the fiber layer and are under the influence a force press their previously mentioned parts against the upper conveying part. 15. The apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that the pinching parts are arranged so that they allow a flow of liquid through the Generate fiber layer in an upward direction. 16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that a Series of similar pinch parts located in the tank through which the conveyor belts run before they pass the first-mentioned pinching parts, the second-mentioned pinching parts being arranged so that they create a flow of liquid through the fibers in a downward direction, giving the fibers a preliminary exposure this liquid are subjected and whereby the treatment liquid is circulated in the tank. 17. Device according to claims 11 to 16, characterized in that that it consists of several tanks, each of which contains a group of these pinching devices, the conveyor belts continuously from tank to tank all these groups happen, each tank has devices for removing the liquid from the fiber layer, which remains in this tank after treatment with the liquid, ¹ 1098 13/1459 BATH ORIGINAL wherein the devices have a countercurrent flow of the treatment liquid through the tank, causing liquid from each tank to be returned to the previous tank. 18. The device according to claim 17, characterized in that the Devices for removing the liquid from the fiber layer are nip rollers. 19. The device according to claim 17, characterized in that the devices for removing the liquid from the fiber layer consist of several pinching devices as described in the claims 2 or 3 are defined along the conveyor belts in each tank like this are arranged so that the conveyor belts run first through the liquid in the tank, devices for generating a less polluted Liquid flow from the following tank via the last-mentioned Pinching devices are present, the last-mentioned pinching devices are arranged so that they allow a flow of liquid through the Generate fiber layer for removing the liquid contained therein and devices are present that the removed liquid in these Return the tank. 20. Process for treating fibrous material with a liquid, as essentially described with reference to FIGS. 1, 2, 3 or 4 has been. 21. Device for treating fiber material with a liquid, as essentially described in FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 is. 1098 13 / US-9