DE2026739C3 - Detergents, dishwashing detergents and cleaning agents - Google Patents

Description

Phosphates are used in detergent mixtures to soften the water and the hardener in withhold the solution. In addition, phosphates have a dispersing effect on dirt particles and increase the effect of the surfactants. Since phosphates are nutrient salts for all types of water, phosphate-containing Wastewater in the waters increases the production of algae observed (eutrophication). It is therefore desirable to reduce the phosphate content in detergents keep it as low as possible or avoid phosphates altogether. For this one already has Nilrilotriacetate used instead of phosphates. But nitrilotriacetic acid is not yet satisfactory because through this connection nitrogen is added to the waters with the wastewater, which as Nutrient mix promotes the formation of algae. In addition, one does not exactly know the reactions between Trace elements from natural waters and nitrilotriacetic acid.

A large number of detergent recipes are known. A variety of surface-active compounds are available depending on the desired end use has been used in combination with each other and in combination with other compounds. For example, it is known / u alkaline detergent / e of Hssigsiiure. Succinic acid or benzoic acid / u / ugcben (GB-PS.1 52 989). Alkali Salts of Citric Acid have also been used to reduce harmful lime soap formation from ropes in hard water \ used. In a moderately alkaline or neutral environment, however, the effect is minor.

From I) I-AS 10 94 907 Mtid cleaning agents known, which, in addition to a high proportion of alkali hydroxide, has a lower proportion of aliphatic () \ ycarhnic acids, for example citric acid or tartaric acid. This is supposed to cause the formation of precipitation in which cleaning agents are avoided. For example, when using sodium hydroxide no precipitate is formed when this is combined with citric acid or tartaric acid or an alkali salt thereof is used.

From "Surface Active Agents and Detergents". Volume II. By Schwärt / '. Perry and Bcrch (1958). Pages 283 and 284. It is known for the production of paste-form detergents glycols or polyglycols or other hydrophilic colloids such as Pflan / enh.ir / e. Use alume and strong / u. For the production of washing gels, such as those used in particular for cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations find it is still known. Glycerine and hygroscopic salts such as sodium citrate as To use gelling agent. However, these compounds only serve to control the gel structure in connection with gel-forming additives. The use of gel-forming and gel-regulating Additives do not increase the washing effect of the surfactants, but give the end product a better one Appearance. For the same purpose, hydrophilic colloids such as alginates and their derivatives, can be used as a gelling agent for the surface-active compounds, as well as methyl cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose.

The object of the invention is to detergent! to disposal which are practically free of phosphates and an anionic, double ionic or nonionic surfactant having 8 to 30 carbon atoms in the contain hydrophobic group. Such detergents differ from those from DE-AS, among others 10 94 907 known cleaning agents because they do not contain strong alkalis, such as alkali hydroxide, contain.

The subject of the invention is specified in the claim.

With regard to the alkali metal salt of a carboxylic acid, it should be noted that the carboxylic acids have several COOII groups result in the best effects in terms of surface washing technology. These acids or their salts are also non-toxic and do not cause allergies. It concerns here acids, as they are also in the animal and Flora occur as a natural component.

The anionic, double ionic or nonionic surfactants contain in their molecule at least one hydrophobic group and one anionic or nonionic, water-solubilizing group. Soaps, sulfonates and sulfates are important anionic detergent substances. Phosphate nides can also be used. Sulfonates can consist of alkylarylsulfonates, alkylsulfonates, alkanesulfonates, oxyalkanesulfonates and oxyalkanesulfonates. Sulfonated esters can also be used. Sulfates, for example, from Alkylsulfatcn, Fcttalkoholcstcrsulfatcn, sulfated amides of fatty acids, sulfaticrtcn Monoglyceridc-n, Sullatierungscr / eugnissen äthoxylicrter and / or propoxylierler fatty alcohols, of Alk ^- phenols, FcItsäiireamiilen consist etc!. Sulphonates of fatty acids from oxyethanesulphonic acid and dioxypropanesulonic acid, fatty alcohols of aliphatic and aromatic sulphonic and dicarboxylic acids, and condensation products of fatty acids with aminoethanesulphonic acids can be used. Synthetic capillary-active carboxylates and condensation products of fatty acids with aminocarboxylic acids or with protein hydrolyzate. Phosphate esters of fatty alcohols and fatty acids can also be used.

As non-anionic surfactants, for example, alkylphenols, fatty alcohol, alkylamine, fatty acid, Fatty acid alkylolamide fatty amide polyglycol ethers, phosphate esters of ethoxylated fatty alcohols, block polymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide can be used.

Amphoteric surfactants can also be used, such as imida / oline derivatives from Fatty acids. Carhoxyhetaine, compounds with Phos-

phosphoric acid groups in the acidic residue or with suIIb or sulfuric acid groups.

Likewise, foam stabilizers or foam retardants, as well as corrosion retardants, Soil repellants, optical whiteners, perfume, bactericides, enzymes, dye and water may be present. Also different Types of bleaching agents containing oxygen or chlorine and associated activators and stabilizers can be present.

The polyhydric alcohol is used in amounts of 0.5 to 25%, preferably 0.5 to 8%, based on the total amount the alkali salts of the carboxylic acids. Suitable polyhydric alcohols are, for example Soibitol, manna sugar, pentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane, trimethylolethane, hexanetriol or butanetriol ( 1,2,4).

All surfactants and auxiliaries that can be used in connection with detergents and cleaning agents can be combined with the present invention; the above list is nichi exhaustive.

example 1
Main detergent, powder

6 parts of dodecyl benzosulfonate as 100% expected

5 parts of alkylphenol polyglycol ether,

Cloud point 70-74 °

1 part of Fcttsl'iicdiätruinolamid

2 parts of sodium toluenesulfonate

6 parts sodium scifc

20 parts of sodium perborate

10 parts of sodium acetate

20Tcile sodium citrate. 5 ¹ A crystall water

4 parts of D-sorbitol

10 parts of sodium water glass, crystalline.

11 parts of CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose),

Perfume, opt. WeiHmacher, Enzymes and Water.

Example 2
White detergent, sprayed

IOTeile Na-dodecylbcn / .olsiillOnat

5 parts of alcohol polyglycol ether

7 parts of xylene sulphate

2 parts Nalriuni soap, 80 ", ig

Ethoxylated 2 parts of phosphate ester

Fatty alcohol

15 parts of sodium perborate
30 parts of sodium citrate

5 file manna / ucker
IO parts of sodium silicate

3 parts of Athyleridiamintelraessigsäurc or

Nitrilotriacetic acid

2 "file Na-sal / von Benzollctraearbonsäure ¹ ^ parts CMC. Opt. WoiHmacher. Mg-silicate

Example 3
Fine detergent, granular

12 'file Alkvlben / Olsilillonat, 5ϋ ",. Ίμ

6 parts of alcohol polyglycol ether,

3 files sulphuccinic acid half-ester of

Furic acid polyglycol ether, Na-S.tl/

2 parts Coconut fatty acid monoethanolamide or Fatty acid amide polyglycol ether 6 parts Na-silicate 2.5 parts Mannazueker 21 parts Sodium citrate 3.5 parts Mellitic acid 10 parts Soda, grainy 14 parts Sesquicarbonate 13 parts Sodium sulfate, calc. 7 parts CMC, opt. Whitener, perfume, water Example 4

Pre-wash detergent, powder, granular

4 parts alkyl sulfate, sodium salt
2 parts of lauric acid monoethanolamide sulphuccinic acid half ester,
Na-SaIz

ι 4 parts of fatty acid polyglycol ester

20Teiic Suda, cool
20 parts of sodium bicarbonate
15 parts Na-disilical
20 parts of sodium acetate

5 parts potassium biphthalate
4 parts of pentaerythritol

6 parts CMC, opt. Whitening agents, enzymes,

water

Example 5
Liquid detergent and cleaning agent

7 parts of a mixture of alkane and

Alkanesulfonates

3 parts of dialkylphenol polyglycol ethers
3 parts of undecylenic acid monoethanolamide

succinic acid hal best,

Na-SaI /

2 files of acidic amine oxide

3 parts Pine-Ö!

3 files of ethylene glycol

Parts of sodium lactate

2 'file sorbitol

file water. Perfume. Colour. Ammonia et al.

/ to provide proof of the / usat / the multiple The following tests were carried out:

Two series of washing tests were carried out, The experiments VT 27 to Vf 30 in laboratory washing machines and the experiments Vf 35 to VT 3X were carried out in a washing machine.

The I.aborwa .-. Chmaschiiie corresponded to a lauushallswaschaulomat in a ratio of 1: 25 with reversible washing drum and thermal insulation.

The washing machine had a capacity of 5 kg of laundry.

The dosage in detergent for one was Hardness of the water of 5'3 g / l and a hardness of 15'5 g / l.

The washing liquor was heated to Wl (within 20 minutes and the Laundry was then washed in minutes at W (.

l'rül tissue:
I. Baiimwoll-.Schmut / woe to the laundry research Kreleld of the Federal MaterLiIpriklanstail St. (iailen

2. Blood / milk / Tusch-Ansehmui / ung

3. Cocoa melt

4. Red wine soiling
Remission measurements: measurements were made with the

Iilrcpho-Geräl from the company Zeiss carried out.
Light source: xenon lamp
Number of measurements per soiling: 4

Number of pads per soiling: 4

Number of laundry per agent: 5 (new test threads for each washing attempt)

Number of optical measurements per dirty mess for the mean: 80

Wash results given in the table are given as the sum of the mean values of the 4 test fabrics.

group 1 - 2.0 VT 28 - 4.0 - 2.0 C. - 4.0 - 2.0 VT 30 - 4.0 Group Il - 4.0 - 10.8 VT 36 - 10.0 - 2.0 VT37 - 2.0 Wascalor - 2.0 Laboratory washing machine - 2.0 16.0 - 2.0 VT 29 - 2.0 16.0 - 2.0 - 2.0 168 14.0 - 2.0 10.0 - 2.0 VT38 - 2.0 VT27 - 4.0 17.0 4.0 16.0 4.0 17.0 - 2.0 - 178 17.0 - 4.0 17.0 - 4.0 12.0 - 4.0 Na citrate 16.0 10.6 15.0 10.6 17.0 10.6 15.0 4.0 Automatic washing machine type - 15.0 - 10.8 15.0 10.7 17.0 - 10.9 Soda calcinicrt 17.0 193 4.0 193 15.0 189 4.0 10.6 VT 35 6.0 166 4.0 178 15.0 163 Na-pcrboral 15.0 203 15.0 200 4.0 196 15.0 182 14.0 15.0 175 15.0 188 4.0 163 Na-t / carbonate 4.0 5.0 15.0 5.0 186 18.0 '',O 11.0 15.0 Sodium disilicate 15.0 6.0 5.0 6.0 15.0 6.0 11.0 Fcttalcohol ethoxylate 25 mol AO 5.0 10.0 6.0 10.0 5.0 10.0 6.0 Nonylphnolethoxylal 16MoI Äü 6.0 10.0 15.0 4.0 10.0 Dodecylbenzenesulfonate 10.0 11.0 Pentaerythritol 4.0 6.0 Sorbitol 10.0 Mannitol Rope powder cr CMC Mg silicate, opt. Whitener Nitrilotriacetic acid pH 1% solution Washing result at 90 C 5 ° dll 15 ° dll

The results of group I and group II cannot be compared, as in the latter Normally dirty household laundry washed with it became. As can be seen from the table, significantly better results were obtained using polyhydric alcohols obtained with otherwise the same composition (group I), especially with washing in hard water. The tests of group II showed that despite a lower content of sodium citrate and lower alkalinity, the addition of a polyoxy compound is crucial Meaning was (comparison VT 37 and VT 38). The tests VT 35 and VT 36 showed that neither the increased content of citrate, CMC or nitrilotriacetic acid reached the results of the test VT 37.

Claims (1)

Claim: Detergents, dishwashing detergents and cleaning agents in powder, granular, pasty or liquid form from one anionic double ionic or nonionic surfactant containing 8 to 30 carbon atoms in the hydrophobic group and an alkali salt of a carboxylic acid from the lactic acid group, Acetic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid. Phthalic acid and tri-, tetra-, penta- and Hexabenzenecarboxylic acid and polyoxy compounds, characterized in that they are used as Polyoxy compound is a polyhydric alcohol in an amount of 0.5 to 25% based on the ^ Total amount of the alkali metal salts of the carboxylic acid.