DE202022002737U1 - Car and elevator system - Google Patents

Abstract

Elevator car (3), designed for the vertical transport of people and animals,
characterized in that
the car (3) has a ventilation device (4),
which is arranged on an outside or in the car (3) and which comprises:
- an air cleaning device (5) which is fluidically connected to an interior (31) of the elevator car (3) via air ducts (41, 42),
- At least one sensor (6) for determining air parameters.

Description

The invention relates to a car and an elevator system.

Elevator installations are known from the prior art, the shafts of which can be supplied with fresh air via an electrically controllable ventilation device, or in which, in the event of a fire, smoke can be extracted via these ventilation devices.

Such ventilation devices are in EP 2 762 797 A1 described and show ventilation and smoke extraction hoods that are placed on a roof opening and have a controllable ventilation flap. Depending on whether ventilation is required, the flap can be opened or closed again via control electronics.

A demand-controlled ventilation of elevator systems, in which sensors are used to check whether ventilation is necessary or not, is in the EP 1 890 956 B1 disclosed, the ventilation flap being opened or closed as a function of predetermined information such as the presence of people in the elevator car or the movement thereof in order to be able to provide sufficient fresh air for passengers located in the elevator car.

According to the devices of the prior art, the air reaches the elevator system or the car there untreated.

Proceeding from this state of the art, it is the object of the present invention to provide improved ventilation of elevator cars, which makes it possible to ventilate as required and at the same time to clean the air of pollutants.

This object is achieved by a car having the features of claim 1.

The further object of improving the ventilation of elevator systems is solved by the elevator system with the features of independent claim 7 .

Further developments or preferred embodiments of the car and the elevator system are set out in the respective dependent claims.

A first embodiment of the elevator car according to the invention is designed for the vertical transport of people and animals. According to the invention, the elevator car has a ventilation device which is arranged on an outside of the elevator car or in the elevator car. The ventilation device includes one or more air cleaning device(s), which is or are fluidically connected to an interior of the car via air ducts. The ventilation device has at least one sensor for determining air parameters.

Advantageously, the device according to the invention allows the further protection of people and animals in a car from exposure to germs, viruses, volatile organic compounds (so-called "Volatile Organic Compounds", VOC for short) to be met: The ventilation device allows ventilation of the car, i.e. H., a guided air exchange of the air volume in the cabin, and at the same time a cleaning of the air from harmful substances. The air parameters that determine the quality and properties of air are continuously monitored, i. H. are recorded and determined with suitable sensors (see below) in order to then be able to carry out ventilation and simultaneous air purification depending on what is recorded or the measured values. The air exchange can be between the air inside the car and the air volume in a surrounding elevator shaft or the air space surrounding the car.

In a further embodiment of the elevator car according to the invention, the elevator car has a control unit for controlling the air cleaning device and thus the ventilation device. The control unit is electronically connected to the sensor and controls the air cleaning device on the basis of the recorded air parameters. With this, the air purification can be switched on and off in a parameter-controlled manner, since the control unit can continuously monitor the air parameters that are detected by the sensors in the air purification device. Furthermore, the air purification can also be switched on permanently or switched on or off in a time-controlled manner. The control unit can also switch off the ventilation device. Furthermore, the ventilation and air cleaning can be controlled on the basis of certain measured values or other parameters such as the time of day or times when the car is known to be little used. The same applies not only to the air cleaning device alone, but also to the ventilation device as a whole.

In yet another embodiment of the elevator car according to the invention, it is provided that the air cleaning device has one or more fans, wherein the fan or fans can allow air to flow with a predetermined gas volume flow. The fan then ensures that the air is guided through the air ducts, whereby the air can be sucked in by the fan or blown away, depending on the direction of rotation Direction and installation situation of the fan in the ventilation device.

Furthermore, the air cleaning device has at least one air cleaning unit. These can be one or more particle filters, a UV lamp, an activated carbon filter or an ozone generator. As stated, multiple devices can be installed from each component. The particle filter can be a fabric or metal filter; Furthermore, HEPA filters (highly efficient particle filters) or multi-stage filter systems can be used. Activated carbon filters are also particularly suitable for filtering out and eliminating viruses, bacteria, odours, dust particles, volatile organic compounds (VOC) from the car air or air supplied from outside the car; which also eliminates odors. Viruses, fungi and bacteria can preferably be killed easily and efficiently by means of UV lamps or UV LEDs (especially UV-C lamps). Furthermore, other suitable cleaning equipment such. B. a so-called plasma device can be used.

In yet another embodiment of the elevator car according to the invention, the air cleaning device can be designed to pretreat air fed into the elevator car or to prepare it with regard to moisture, aroma or temperature. For this purpose, the air purification device can have one or more humidification units or an air treatment unit. The air supplied into the car may be infused with fragrant substances such as natural flavorings (e.g., lavender, mint, or orange) to give the air a pleasant scent and make the ride in the car comfortable for passengers.

In normal operation, the elevator car is connected to the power supply of an elevator system that interacts with the elevator car. in the event of a malfunction of the elevator system and interruption of the power supply, etc. of the car, the power failure of the supply voltage is buffered with a power supply unit incl. accumulator unit and the operation of the ventilation unit is ensured. The ventilation device includes an emergency power supply unit that has accumulators (energy storage) for supplying the ventilation device. The electrical emergency supply energy can also be stored by other suitable energy storage devices (e.g. power capacitors, generators, etc.). In this case, the emergency power supply unit can have a power supply unit and charging electronics for charging the accumulators. The power pack can be connected to a power supply of the car. This emergency power supply unit makes it possible to ventilate the car as required in all possible operating states of the elevator system (e.g. when ready for operation, malfunction, defect, etc.) and at the same time to clean the supplied or circulated air.

Yet another embodiment of the elevator car according to the invention provides that the air cleaning device is fluidically connected to an air space outside the elevator car via air ducts. This means that fresh air can be supplied in a metered manner and exhaust air can be discharged. All air ducts of the ventilation device can be equipped with suitable flaps or inlet valves so that the elevator car can be separated from the ambient air, for example in the event of a fire or if the ambient air is contaminated with other pollutants. If the air ducts have flaps for closing the openings, it is true that the leaking of the cabin cannot prevent air from entering the outside. However, by switching off the ventilation and closing the flaps, it is possible to prevent even more contaminated air from being blown into the cabin. Suitable flaps are, for example, lamellar flaps, which close either by gravity when the air flow is switched off, or can be closed in an electrically controlled manner.

According to yet another embodiment of the car according to the invention, the air parameters which can be detected by the sensor according to the invention can be a gas concentration, the air temperature, an air humidity and/or a particle concentration. Gas concentration refers to various gases, such as B. CO ₂ or CO. Particle concentration refers to VOC, soot or dust particles or other volatile substances that are in the air. Explicitly excluded from this are the parameters that are used to record people and to record movement of the car; accordingly, there are no sensors that serve or are designed for this purpose.

In addition to VOC sensors, optical gas sensors, semiconductor sensors, infrared sensors, radiation sensors, but also other sensors, such as e.g. B. multi-axis sensors, scanners and sensors for measuring known physical variables.

Another sensor can be provided, which is designed as a smoke detector. This smoke detector is located directly in an air duct of the ventilation device or on the outside of the car, with which air is supplied from outside the car into its interior and checks the incoming air for smoke gases or smoke particles. In the event of a fire, this fire detection sensor (smoke detector) will smoke produced by the fire is detected and a message is sent to the control unit. In this case, the ventilation device is switched off and no more air is brought into the car from outside, since this air is contaminated with fire gases. This fire or smoke alarm can also be triggered by an external system (e.g. smoke and heat extraction systems (RWA), fire alarm systems (BMA), smoke protection pressure systems (RDA), etc.) outside the car in the shaft or in the Building is present, take place, wherein an alarm signal can be transmitted directly to the control unit.

According to a preferred embodiment of the elevator car according to the invention, the control unit is designed to activate, control and regulate the ventilation and cleaning of the air in the elevator car as required. A continuous monitoring of the air parameters by the control unit is necessary for a demand-oriented ventilation. The control unit continuously receives measured values from the sensors, which continuously record the air parameters mentioned, and based on a comparison of the currently recorded measured values with previously defined limit values of these measured values, decides whether ventilation is necessary or not. If it is determined that ventilation is required because a limit value is exceeded, e.g. B. too high a CO ₂ concentration inside the car, the control unit activates the ventilation device. The control unit also switches off the ventilation device if the smoke detector, which is arranged in one of the air ducts, detects smoke gases.

Air can be sucked in from outside the cabin, cleaned by the air cleaning device and fed into the cabin. The stale air is sucked out of the car and either passed through the air cleaning device as well or conveyed to the outside directly through ventilation slits or non-airtight slits in the car door due to a higher internal pressure. This is ventilation and not just circulation. In an alternative embodiment, a second air cleaning chamber can be provided, in which the air from the elevator car is collected, possibly cleaned and then discharged into the ambient air around the elevator car.

The limit values stored in the control unit can be set directly on the control unit according to the applicable (legal) specifications, e.g. manually via an operating display, via a wired connection to a mobile computer or wirelessly via local radio or W-LAN. The control unit can also be connected to an external system, for example a control of an elevator installation, for which purpose it has suitable interfaces (inputs and outputs (potential-free and/or via a data bus)). In a further development, the ventilation device can have a cooling unit or a heating unit in order not only to clean the air in the elevator car, but also to cool or heat it (air conditioning).

The ventilation device is preferably mounted on the outside of the car or directly in the car. The ventilation device can be mounted on the car roof, on one of the side walls, below the car floor or on a suitable support structure on the car. The mounting position is adapted to the available space and technical equipment. The ventilation device is optionally mounted on the elevator car in a soundproofed manner with regard to airborne and structure-borne noise, so that passengers in the elevator car are not bothered by noise.

The invention also relates to an elevator system with a shaft and with a car according to the invention, which can be moved in the shaft. With the ventilation device on the car according to the invention, needs-based ventilation and simultaneous air cleaning of the air inside the car can be made possible in order to meet and comply with the legally, normatively or otherwise required limit values. An air supply of the air outside of a building is not necessary, since the air volume in the elevator shaft inside a house is sufficient even for people trapped in the elevator car up to the prescribed emergency rescue. The air quality required by the relevant regulations is guaranteed until an exemption is granted.

Furthermore, the car can also be guided on a side wall of a building, so that there is no shaft, but the car is in direct contact with the outside air.

In a development of the elevator installation according to the invention, the control unit for controlling the air purification device is electronically connected to a control unit of the elevator installation. As a result, the control of the air purification device can also take place with the control of the elevator system or can be consolidated with it. In this way, the elevator system can issue appropriate commands in the event of an emergency, such as a power failure or in the event of a fire.

In a development, the elevator system according to the invention can have a machine room at an upper or lower end of the shaft. However, the system can also be realized without a machine room be constructed and thus essentially only consist of the shaft, the car and the elevator mechanics in the shaft.

Other embodiments of the car and elevator system, and some of the advantages associated with these and other embodiments, will become apparent and better understood from the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying figures. Items or parts thereof that are substantially the same or similar may be given the same reference numbers. The figures are only a schematic representation of an embodiment of the invention.

• 1 eine schematische Ansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Aufzugsanlage mit Maschinenraum und mit erfindungsgemäßem Fahrkorb,
• 2 eine schematische Ansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Aufzugsanlage ohne Maschinenraum mit erfindungsgemäßem Fahrkorb, und
• 3 eine schematische Ansicht des erfindungsgemäßen Fahrkorbs.

while showing

• 1 a schematic view of an elevator system according to the invention with a machine room and with a car according to the invention,
• 2 a schematic view of an elevator system according to the invention without a machine room with a car according to the invention, and
• 3 a schematic view of the car according to the invention.

In the 1 Elevator system 1 shown has a shaft 2 in a building (not shown), which extends over several floors 10 and in which a car 3 can be moved vertically. The shaft 2 has 10 shaft doors 11 on each floor so that passengers can get in and out of the elevator car 3 . At an upper end 21 of the shaft 2 there is a machine room 12 which ends with a building roof 13 . A ventilation opening 15 is provided in the building roof 13 and is covered by a ventilation hood 14 . The air space of the machine room 12 is connected to the ambient air outside the building via a window 16 in a side wall of the machine room 12 .

In the 2 The elevator system 1 shown has no machine room, so that the shaft 2 has the window 16 in the wall of the shaft 2 directly at its upper end 21 (also called shaft head). The ventilation hood 15 is then placed directly on a shaft head 21 corresponding to the roof 13 of the building.

The car 3 has, as in 3 is shown, a ventilation device 4 which is arranged on a roof 33 of the elevator car 3 . The ventilation device 4 includes an air cleaning device 5 which is connected to an interior space 31 of the car 3 via air ducts 41 , 42 . A first air duct 41 is used to guide the incoming air into the interior of the car 3, a second air duct 42 is used to guide the exhaust air out of the car 3 (illustrated by arrows in 3 ).
The air ducts 43, 44 (exhaust air ducts) can be configured optionally. In the 3 these are shown and can also serve as placeholders for the discharge of the air. Since the elevator car 3 is not a hermetically sealed cabin, supplied air can escape through cracks and gaps, among other things, in the elevator car door 32 due to the overpressure in the elevator car 3 caused by the air supplied.

The air cleaning device 5 comprises two fans 17 for generating a directed air flow with a predetermined volume through the air cleaning device 5. The air supplied to the air cleaning device 5 is in contact with a sensor 6 which can detect specific air parameters. The sensor 6 can be a single sensor or form a sensor unit made up of several sensors. Thus, multi-axis sensors can also be used. Typical parameters that the sensor 6 detects are e.g. B. the air temperature, humidity and the concentration of various gases such as CO ₂ , VOC or other volatile substances that are in the air.

To monitor the air parameters and to further process the measured values recorded by the sensor 6 , the ventilation device 4 has a control unit 7 which is designed as a data processing unit for controlling the air cleaning device 5 on the basis of air parameters recorded by the sensor 6 . The control unit 7 is electronically connected to the sensor 6 and the air cleaning device 5 via electrical lines and controls the air cleaning device 5.

So that the air in the car 3 can be exchanged via the ventilation device 4 , the air cleaning device 5 is connected to the ambient air of the car 3 via air ducts 43 , 44 . A third air duct 43 is used to guide the exhaust air from the air cleaning device 5 (i.e. the air from the interior of the car 3), a second air duct 42 is used to guide the incoming air into the car 3 (illustrated by arrows in 3 ). The air ducts 41, 42, 43, 44 have flaps and valves 19 (indicated by dashed lines in Fig 3 ) with which the airways can be opened, closed or diverted as required.

The air in the car 3 can be discharged through the air duct 41 and by means of the sensor 6 to ensure compliance Limit values for the aforementioned air parameters are checked. If the predetermined limit values are exceeded, the air is cleaned by means of the air cleaning device 5. For this purpose, the air cleaning device 5 has suitable means for cleaning the air, such as B. Filter 18 (Schematically shown in 3 ). The cleaned air can be discharged to the outside or also partially fed back to the elevator car 3 . Fresh air from outside the car 3 reaches the air cleaning device 5 via the fourth air duct 44. The fresh air can be supplied directly to the interior 31 of the car 3 via the second air duct or the air can be cleaned first.

If a power failure affects the elevator system 1 and the car 3 stops, the ventilation device 4 can continue to be operated. For this purpose, the ventilation device 4 has an emergency power supply unit 8 which has accumulators or another suitable energy store for supplying energy to the ventilation device 4 . The emergency power supply unit 8 is equipped with a power pack that is connected to a power supply of the car 3 and has charging electronics. This means that the accumulators are charged during normal operation and are fully charged should an emergency situation such as a power failure occur.

Reference List

1

elevator system

2

shaft

21

Upper shaft end

3

car

31

Interior car

32

Car doors

33

roof car

4

ventilation device

41.42

Air duct ventilation device - interior car

43.44

Air duct ventilation device - exterior car

5

air purification device

6

sensor

7

control unit

8th

emergency power supply unit

10

floor

11

landing doors

12

engine room

13

Roof

14

ventilation hood

15

roof opening

16

Connection to building ventilation system

17

Fan

18

filter

19

valves

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• EP 2762797 A1 [0003]
• EP 1890956 B1 [0004]

Claims (8)

Car (3) designed for the vertical transport of people and animals, characterized in that the car (3) has a ventilation device (4) which is arranged on an outside or in the car (3) and which comprises: - an air cleaning device ( 5) which is fluidically connected to an interior (31) of the car (3) via air ducts (41, 42), - at least one sensor (6) for determining air parameters. car (3) after claim 1 , characterized in that the car (3) has a control unit (7) for controlling the air cleaning device (5), wherein the control unit (7) is electronically connected to the sensor (6) and on the basis of the detected air parameters the air cleaning device (5) controls. car (3) after claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the air cleaning device (5) - at least one fan, and - at least one air cleaning unit is selected from the group comprising at least one particle filter, a UV lamp, an activated carbon filter, an ozone generator. Elevator car (3) according to at least one of Claims 1 until 3 , characterized in that the ventilation device (4) comprises an emergency power supply unit (8) which has accumulators for supplying the ventilation device (4), the emergency power supply unit (8) - a power supply unit which is connected to a power supply of the elevator car (3), and - has charging electronics for charging the accumulators. Elevator car (3) according to at least one of Claims 1 until 4 , characterized in that the air cleaning device (5) is fluidly connected to an air space outside the car (3) via air ducts (42, 43). Elevator car (3) according to at least one of Claims 1 until 5 , characterized in that the air parameters that can be detected by the at least one sensor (6) are selected from the group comprising at least a gas concentration, a temperature, humidity and a particle concentration. Elevator installation (1) with a shaft (2) and with a car that can be moved in the shaft (2), characterized in that the car is a car (3) according to at least one of Claims 1 until 6 is. Elevator system (1) after claim 7 , characterized in that the control unit (7) for controlling the air purification device (5) is electronically connected to a control unit of the elevator system (1).

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