DE202019002884U1 - Telescopic mast for sailboats and ships - Google Patents

Abstract

Telescopic mast for sailboats and ships, characterized in that the mast is divided into more than two segments, which are telescopically telescopically slidable.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Sails on boats and ships must be reduced (reefed) at high wind forces to prevent capsizing or breakage of the rigging.

For this purpose, a variety of systems are known, so far, however, remains in all the mast as a whole. On the one hand, this has the disadvantage of higher wind resistance, on the other hand, the increased center of gravity and the nachfedernden masses high masts cause unfavorable sea behavior, especially stomping in high seas.

The mast height is one of the sailing ships and yachts for the performance of decisive size. The development of modern sailing yachts is initially to improve with lean slup rigs and high masts propulsion on directions "at the wind" [at an acute angle to the wind].

However, high masts mean high design and economic effort and they have disadvantages in sea behavior, in particular by increased pitch when the natural frequency of the mast system resonates with the immersion in wave formations, by increased wind resistance during motor travel, and as a source of noise when anchoring and concerns.

Really tall masts and large sail areas are therefore used only in competitive boats, where differentiated sailing nets and meeting is accomplished by a qualified crew.

In order to provide masts sufficient strength with the lowest possible weight, they are usually outwardly often (by pre-, Back-, Achterstagen, shrouds, etc.) and inside (Diamond-Stags, Salinge) verstagt [provided with bracing].
Stage have in addition to their expense, however, the disadvantage of wind resistance and limitations of the possible sail positions, they also represent in modern laminated sails a permanent danger of obstruction and damage to the sails in maneuvers.

On the other hand, there are also unpretentious masts, eg on American cat-sailors.
However, the previous disadvantage of unattractive masts is their (under load) strong deflection to lee or a disproportionate thickness with the disadvantage of unfavorable wind resistance and turbulence, as well as the high weight of the mast, along with the resulting constructive consequences.

Another problem of sailing ships is that masts cause increased aerodynamic drag when motoring: Sailing yachts with motor drive are therefore inevitably slower and less fuel-efficient than motor yachts comparable hull shape.

In addition - due to the higher center of gravity - less favorable sea behavior through stronger pitching [= pitching] and rolling, especially in swell or swell [sea state in low wind], as well as increased wind noise at the berth.

Old-fashioned, the handling of the sails with halyards and pods seems to be the norm even with modern boats, and in particular the control with a boom, which must be adjusted by means of sheet and bull stand, under-luffing and Dirk or kicker and yet only allows a limited directional position and sail trim.

SOLUTION

To overcome these disadvantages, it is the object of the present invention to find a system which limits the mast height to the particular requirements of sailing, i. allows high mast heights and sail areas in light wind, limited in meteoric winds but the height required for a reefed sail height and keeps the mast as low as possible when motors or anchors - and this also to combine with good sailing characteristics.

For this purpose, a system with unverstagtem telescopic mast is proposed, which is fully extended only in light wind, but is retracted telescopically with increasing wind pressure. This is achieved in the present invention by the combination of each of a telescopic mast member having attached thereto at a distance ranks.

STATE OF THE ART

Telescopic masts are already widely known, first as nested tubes, usually with a toggle fastener on the upper edge of each tube element, with which the extract is fixed. However, this would require the mast to be pulled out to the desired height and fixed before it is erected.

However, this would be inadequate for the present, as well as other applications. The mast must be able to be raised from his foot.

A simple form of this is known as a so-called crank mast, especially for mobile antennas.

Here, a steel cable runs from the top of a segment to a deflection roller to the base of the next segment, from there to the top of the following segment, etc. By pulling on the rope, the segments are apart and pushed up so.

For this purpose, the pipe elements must either be made at a distance between their diameters, or have molded beads, so that the traction cables between the pipes can run - or they are guided along deflection rollers outside, which makes the structure susceptible to interference and difficult to transport.

Similarly problematic are rack-and-pinion lifting systems, e.g. US ....., which - in particular with possibly cascaded lifting elements - require even more space between the tube segments that are guided into each other.

Furthermore, it is also possible to keep the mast elements tight and extend with pneumatic or hydraulic pressure. The limitations can then be made by - in some cases required anyway - bracing. However, these are not applicable to the intended case of a non-standard rotary load.

For heavy masts, as in mobile cranes, on the other hand (eg after US 3,688,455 and US 4,489,838 ) a hydraulic pusher is common, which pushes out first a mast segment, this coupled with a second, then that moves and so on, until all elements are extended. The effort here consists in the necessarily remotely controllable coupling elements for which alone a group of patents have been filed, such as US 2,858,154 and US 3,464,169 In addition, the operation is inevitably time consuming.

Not dependent on such coupling elements are versions with several central pivot elements, for example US 4,062,156 However, due to their weight and the difficult to maintain, located in the pipes, toothed spindles should be problematic and about their actual execution was not to experience.

Furthermore, construction and control of the extension and retraction of telescopic masts are also. automatically extendable antennas (eg after DE 689136343 T2 or. WO 88/11167 ) It is usually carried out by a semi-flexible rack, which is wound in the retracted state in a rotatable, spiral-shaped backdrop and extended by the rotation and deflected into the mast and pushed up.

Telescopic masts for sailors are known in principle (eg US 4,998,498 ), although not yet to operate during sailing. However, it is conceivable that they were attempted (reported by Herreshoff in 1912) but failed due to the problem of limited mobility under load and inappropriate connections of mast and sail.

Another proposal below DE 20 2011 101 489 U1 refers to a telescopic mast with yards, in which a rolling device for the sails is provided. This mast should also be rotatable, but with posts that are to be guided over a turnstile on deck. Further details are not explained, including how the mast should be extended and retracted and the sails should be reefed, or how the posts of the respective mast height could be adjusted.
In addition, the variable design of Rahen [crossbars to the mast] was tried several times; conventional by additional spars already with the TeaClippern of the 19. Century, as well as telescopically after US 5,146,864 There, however, without specifying how the associated sails should be opened and closed (conceivable by curtain folding with rails or Keeps [guide grooves] on or in the yards).

SOLUTION OF THE TASK

The inventive step here is to make the mast telescopic and rotatable.
For this purpose, the sails are struck in segments on yards as in classic tall ships and the yards connected via a boom with the respective upper edge of their segment of the telescopic mast. The individual sail segments are guided between the yachts with variable voltage.

This can be done so that the mast is extended as in an automatic antenna in its center with a semi-flexible rack from a Schneckenkulisse on Mastfuß in a desired height and the lower mast segments are retained as required by tensioning lines.

Preferably, however, assign each mast segment and thus each Rah a thrust mechanism in the form of its own rack in the mast and thus to determine the sail tension.

Thus, it is possible to extend the sail elements according to the wind conditions, so z: B. in heavy weather only the lower mast segments start up and thereby hold several layers of sail on top of each other, in light winds against the upper, and this with the variable distance and thus the Desired tension flat or bulbous to trim.

The sails between the yards are preferably divided in the middle. For folding, both segments are connected to a hinge-like flexible area (eg a bellows-like bead).

They are introduced on arrival with retraction of the mast segments in the sail receptacle on Mastfuß) and this turned with the mast.

The possible rotation, as well as the variable mast height require a mast, which is executed unverstagt [without bracing]. This is detrimental to its carrying capacity, and hence the maximum usable wind pressure, but is compensated for by its possible rapid adaptation to it (e.g., by predictive LIDAR measurement and integrated strain gauges) and better handling. In addition, modern materials allow for slim and highly durable constructions.

Thus, the mast, because unverstagt, together with the Rahen at the mast foot can be arbitrarily turned to the wind and the sailors are therefore driven together with shallow trimmed sails higher on the wind [at a shallower angle to the wind] without killen [partially collapse]. This also "Backhalten" [position of the sail against the wind], which is otherwise only possible by hand in small dinghies, feasible and it can be so simple and agile maneuver -. when mooring - be realized without motorized marine propulsion.

The mast - here preferably designed to transmit the torsion element with oval cross sections of its elements - is, together with sail reception at the mast base, e.g. hydraulically or via a worm gear, rotatable.

The adaptation of the sail area and tension to the wind pressure can be done manually according to the assessment of the skippers. Preferably, however, it is automated or at least supplemented with anemometers, as well as with sensors - e.g. with laminated-strain gauges for the mast deflection - but best with advance calculation of the expected wind pressure by LIDAR systems to compensate for gusts in advance by rapid arrival - which is hardly possible in conventional sailing operation.

In this case, the operation of the control of the mast segments, as well as the rotation of the mast with the yards on small boats manually via cranks and trains, done electrically or hydraulically on ships.
This type of device makes it possible to equip even ships with several such masts without these interfere with each other in the operation.

ALTERNATE VERSIONS

Basically, the trim of the sail can be determined by the tension of each sail segment relative to the underlying yard at which the bottom [the bottom edge] of the sail element is hinged so as to trim the sail as a whole flatter or bulbous.
The tension of the sails between the yards can also be determined individually by one (preferably guided in the mast) tension line per yard, the tension lines can end together on a clamping plate on the mast base. A common change in the sail tension is then effected by vertical displacement of a clamping plate on which they end (eg with a crank drive).
With the mast elements is thereby pulled a steel cable for each mast element, which runs over a segmented reef drum, which released depending on the desired bias of the sail or for reefing [reduction or recovery of the sails] densely fetched [energized] is. Upon arrival with retraction of the mast, this Reffleine, as well as the rack, fed to a respective piece.

Furthermore, it would also be possible to attach trim lines to each Rahnock [outer end of the Rah] or to the ends of the batten slats, which hold down the Rah against the drive of the racks or hydraulic cylinders and thus determine the tension of the sail.

In addition, a differentiated directional trim of each sail element would be possible by "biting". However, this would require the operation of a variety of lines and either complicated mechanisms (eg on deck moving Niederholer [pulleys]) or require several helpers or a well-rehearsed team, while in a preferred embodiment, the sail guide remote control from the helm and even done largely automatic can.

The yards may also be slightly bow-shaped in this construction, which has recently been described e.g. at the big yacht "Maltese Falcon" has proved to be efficient.

list of figures

• 1 zeigt den Mast mit dem unteren Teil seiner Segmente 1 bis 3 in ausgefahrenem Zustand, hier mit den Auslegern 4 und 5 für die für die Rahen 6 und 7, sowie den die Segelelemente teilenden Doppel-Segellatten 8 und 9, sowie dem Drehmechanismus 10 und der Segelaufnahme 12.
• 2 stellt den Mast mit Segeln an Rahen im eingefahrenen Zustand dar. Dabei sind die Mastsegmente (1 bis 6) mit den Auslegern (hier exemplarisch 12 und 18) und diese mit den Rahen (exemplarisch 19 und 25) verbunden, und die gefalteten Segelelemente (exemplarisch 26 und 32) mit ihren Teilungen durch Segellatten (exemplarisch 8 und 9) in der Segelaufnahme (12) zu erkennen.
• 3 ist eine Visualisierung der gesamten Segeleinrichtung eines Mastes.

The preferred embodiment of the invention will be with reference to the drawings 1 to 3 explained in more detail:

• 1 shows the mast with the lower part of its segments 1 to 3 in extended condition, here with the arms 4 and 5 for the yards 6 and 7 , as well as the double sail battens dividing the sail elements 8th and 9 , as well as the rotating mechanism 10 and the sail intake 12 ,
• 2 represents the mast with sails on yards in the retracted state. The mast segments ( 1 to 6 ) and the cantilevers (exemplarily FIGS. 19 and 25) and the folded sail elements (exemplarily 26 and 32) with their divisions by battens (examples 8 and 9) in the sail receptacle (FIGS. 12 ) to recognize.
• 3 is a visualization of the entire sailing equipment of a mast.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• US 3688455 [0020]
• US 4489838 [0020]
• US Pat. No. 2,858,154 [0020]
• US 3464169 [0020]
• US 4062156 [0021]
• DE 689136343 T2 [0022]
• WO 88/1167 [0022]
• US 4998498 [0023]
• DE 202011101489 U1 [0024]
• US 5146864 [0024]

Claims (13)

Telescopic mast for sailboats and ships, characterized in that the mast is divided into more than two segments, which are telescopically telescopically slidable. Telescopic mast for sailboats and ships to Claim 1 , characterized in that the mast segments with semi-flexible racks in the mast and are extended. Telescopic mast for sailboats and ships according to previous claims, characterized in that the racks can be extended by the guide in a helical backdrop and its rotation. Telescopic mast for sailboats and ships to Claim 1 and 2 , characterized in that the telescopic mast elements are held in position with adjustable tensioning lines. Telescopic mast for sailboats and ships to Claim 1 and 2 , characterized in that each mast segment is individually actuated with its Rahe, each with a semi-flexible rack. Telescopic mast for sailboats and ships to Claim 1 , characterized in that each mast segment is associated with a Rah attached thereto sail segment. Telescopic mast for sailboats and ships to Claim 1 and 2 , characterized in that the Rahen are connected by jibs spaced from the respective mast segment. Telescopic mast for sailboats and ships to Claim 1 to 3 , characterized in that each one sail segment is guided between two yards. Telescopic mast for sailboats and ships to Claim 1 to 4 , characterized in that the sail segments have a central division, which are connected by two horizontal battens with a concatenating bead. Telescopic mast for sailboats and ships to Claim 1 to 4 , characterized in that the mast is rotatably mounted in the mast base. Telescopic mast for sailboats and ships according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotation of the mast with the yards takes place mechanically with a worm gear. Telescopic mast for sailboats and ships according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotation of the mast is carried out with a hydraulically operated boom on the lowermost pole segment. Telescopic mast for sailboats and ships according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the mast profile and concentrically arranged in its interior mast elements have oval cross-section.

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