DE202018102002U1 - Device for feeding charge carriers and / or trays to and from a loading and / or unloading station - Google Patents

Abstract

Device for guiding charge carriers (12) and / or trays (14) to and from a loading and / or unloading station (16), wherein in the loading and / or unloading station (16) a load (G) of the Charge carriers (12) or the trays (14) and / or in the charge carriers (12) or the trays (14) can be removed, comprising
- At least one movable trolley (18) having at least a first receiving portion (32) for receiving charge carriers (12) and / or trays (14), which are in a first state, and at least one second receiving portion (34) for receiving charge carriers (12) and / or trays (14) which are in a second state, and
- A movement device (20), with which the charge carriers (12) and / or trays (14) between the first receiving portion (32) and the second receiving portion (34) and the loading and / or unloading station (16) and away can be moved when the trolley (18) is in a transfer position (T).

Description

The present invention relates to a device for guiding charge carriers and / or trays to and from a loading and / or unloading station. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating such a device.

Load carriers and trays are used very frequently in logistics in order to transport and store a load. The most frequently encountered embodiments of load carriers are boxes and pallets. The boxes are often referred to as small load carriers (KLT). The main advantage of the load carriers is that they can be standardized and grasped and moved with gripping units, regardless of the shape of the load, without requiring special adjustments of the gripping units for this purpose. When using boxes, it is possible to stack them, which can be stored and transported on a small area a large amount of the cargo.

Trays are also charge carriers, which are tray-shaped and usually have a plurality of receiving spaces, in which typically a load, in particular a piece goods, can be stored. The receiving spaces are separated by walls, so that a load, which is stored in a receiving space, can not come into contact with another load. Damage to the cargo resulting from such contact can be prevented by using trays. Such trays are also referred to as blisters. Even if the trays are also charge carriers, in the following under charge carriers, the box-shaped charge carriers are to be understood as a delimitation from the tray-shaped trays.

The loading and unloading of trays is carried out with so-called palletizers, which, for example, in the DE 10 2007 031 117 A1 are disclosed. Such palletizers usually have a feed section with which the mostly empty trays can be fed to the palletizer. Within the palletizing device, a moving device is arranged, with which the trays are moved so that they can be filled. The filled trays are moved with the movement device in a Abführabschnitt, with which the filled trays can be removed from the palletizer and fed to further transport.

In the DE 10 2007 031 117 A1 the feed section and the discharge section are designed as roller conveyors. Consequently, the trays must be placed on the roller conveyors and removed from them, which is usually done manually. However, since the trays can be very heavy, especially when loaded (up to 15 kg per tray), manual lifting and lowering can be a health hazard for the employee concerned.

In addition, the roller conveyors are designed only for trays of a certain size. If you want to use trays of a different size, major changes in the palletizer are necessary, which are time-consuming and can not be made during operation. Furthermore, known palletizing devices are not suitable for load carriers which are designed as boxes. In addition, known palletizers barely provide storage capacity, so that the empty trays fed continuously and the filled trays must be removed continuously. As a result, a lot of staff is tied.

It is an object of one embodiment of the present invention to specify a device for feeding and / or discharging trays to and from a loading and / or unloading station, which offers a remedy for the situation described above. In particular, the device should be usable both for charge carriers and for trays of different sizes, provide an increased storage capacity and make the need for manual lifting and dropping redundant or at least significantly reduced.

This object is achieved with the features specified in claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

• - zumindest einen bewegbaren Transportwagen mit mindestens einem ersten Aufnahmeabschnitt zum Aufnehmen von Ladungsträgern und/oder Trays, die sich in einem ersten Zustand befinden, und mit mindestens einem zweiten Aufnahmeabschnitt zum Aufnehmen von Ladungsträgern und/oder Trays, die sich in einem zweiten Zustand befinden, und
• - eine Bewegungseinrichtung, mit welcher die Ladungsträger und/oder Trays zwischen dem ersten Aufnahmeabschnitt und dem zweiten Aufnahmeabschnitt sowie zur Be- und/oder Entladestation und von dieser weg bewegt werden können, wenn sich der Transportwagen in einer Übergabeposition befindet.

An embodiment of the invention relates to a device for feeding charge carriers and / or trays to a loading and / or unloading station and away therefrom, wherein in the loading and / or unloading station a load is taken from the load carriers or the trays and / or into the charge carriers or the trays can be introduced, comprising

• at least one movable transport carriage having at least one first receiving section for receiving charge carriers and / or trays which are in a first state, and having at least one second receiving section for receiving carriers and / or trays which are in a second state, and
• - A movement device with which the carriers and / or trays between the first receiving portion and the second receiving portion and the loading and / or unloading station and can be moved away therefrom, when the trolley is in a transfer position.

An essential aspect of the proposed device is the use of a movable trolley, the example of the DE 10 2007 031 117 A1 replaced known roller conveyors. The solid unit of roller conveyor and moving device, as used in the DE 10 2007 031 117 A1 is disclosed, is resolved as proposed, since the trolley can be moved independently of the moving means. In this case, the trolley is tuned to the movement device that the trays and / or the load carrier can be removed from the trolley and stored again on this, when the trolley is in a transfer position. The trolley can be pushed, for example, by an employee in the transfer position, in which the trays and / or the load carrier can be transferred from the trolley to the moving device and back. A manual transfer to the roller conveyors is eliminated.

The device can be used both for trays and for carriers, so that in contrast to known palletizers the proposed device can be used much more flexible. In addition, the trolley can be designed so that it provides the desired storage capacity. The transport cart can remain in the transfer position until all trays or load carriers have been loaded and / or unloaded as desired. The presence of an employee is not necessary during this time.

According to the proposal, the trays and / or the charge carriers are deposited on the at least one first receiving portion of the trolley, wherein the trays and / or the charge carriers are in a first state. In the first state, the trays and / or the charge carriers are usually empty, but they can also be filled with a load to be processed. By means of the movement device, the trays and / or the charge carriers are removed from the transport carriage and moved to a loading and / or unloading station, with which they are either loaded with the load or removed the load to be processed from the trays and / or the load carriers, one Machining be supplied and stored after completion of processing again in the carriers and / or in the trays, whereby the trays and / or the charge carriers are transferred to the second state. In the second state, the trays and / or the charge carriers are deposited on the second receiving sections of the transport carriage. As soon as all the trays and / or load carriers have been transferred to the second state and deposited on the second receiving section, the trolley can be moved away from the transfer position and, for example, to a warehouse where the load is stored and / or shipped.

According to a further embodiment, the trays or the charge carriers are stackable, wherein the movement device has a gripping device for gripping the trays or the charge carriers. The stackability allows arranging a plurality of trays or carriers in a small area, so that the trolley can be loaded far and therefore used effectively. As a rule, the charge carriers and the trays are accessible only from above, so that only one charge carrier, which is not covered up by another charge carrier, can be loaded and unloaded. The same applies to the trays. With the gripping device, the charge carriers or the trays are removed from a first stack in succession and deposited on a second stack, so that all the charge carriers and trays can be loaded and unloaded.

• - eine Trägereinrichtung mit zumindest einem ersten Seitenträger und einem zweiten Seitenträger, und
• - zumindest zwei erste Trägerrollen, die am ersten Seitenträger befestigt sind und zumindest zwei zweite Trägerrollen umfassen, die am zweiten Seitenträger befestigt sind, wobei
• - zumindest einer der Seitenträger zum anderen der Seitenträger hin und von diesem weg bewegbar ist.

In a further embodiment, the transport cart

• a carrier device with at least a first side carrier and a second side carrier, and
• at least two first carrier rollers fixed to the first side carrier and comprising at least two second carrier rollers fixed to the second side carrier, wherein
• - At least one of the side support to the other side of the side support and is movable away from it.

Filled carriers or trays can be stored in the trolley and transported with the trolley, for example, in a warehouse located outside the factory. When moving the trolley, the recorded in the trolley carriers or trays can slip or even fall out of the trolley. From both cases, more or less severe disadvantages may arise for the transport of the load arranged in the load carrier. By virtue of the fact that at least one of the side supports is movable towards and away from the side supports, the distance between the side supports of the transport carriage can be selected such that it corresponds to the length or the width of the load carriers or trays used. The distance is therefore adjustable. A slipping of the charge carriers is thereby avoided, at least with respect to the side support. In the event that the trolley has multiple levels, the distance between the side rails for each level can be set individually and independently of the other levels. In particular, this makes it possible for example, to deposit trays on one level and trays on another level.

In a further developed embodiment, at least one of the carrier rollers can be driven. Due to the ability to drive one or both carrier rollers, the carriers can be drawn into the trolley, so that they occupy a predeterminable position in the trolley. In this way it can be prevented that the charge carriers are only partially accommodated in the transport vehicle and can fall out of the transport vehicle. In the transport vehicle usually more charge carriers are stored in a plane. Using the drivable carrier rollers, a load carrier can be moved to a certain position without colliding with another load carrier. The trolley can therefore be optimally loaded.

In addition, the driven support rollers can interact with the gripping device as follows: As already mentioned, in the case of stacks of charge carriers and trays, only upwardly free charge carriers or trays can be loaded and unloaded. For example, in a stack of five trays, the gripper may lift the top four trays. The lowermost tray can be moved with the driven carrier rollers to the loading and / or unloading station and there loaded and / or unloaded as described. Once the loading and / or unloading is completed, the bottom tray will be moved back to the starting position, where the gripper will put the remaining four trays back on the bottom tray. The gripper device only needs to lift the remaining four trays slightly and remove them from the bottom tray so that only the bottom tray is moved by the drivable carrier rolls. Also, the gripping device can lift only the top three trays. In this case, the two lower trays are moved to the loading and unloading station, but only load and unload the second tray from below. This procedure is particularly useful when the trays are to be loaded with different load. The same applies to stackable charge carriers.

In a further embodiment, the trolley may have a track with which the trolley is movable. The trolley can be automatically moved within a factory floor or between a factory floor and a warehouse, so that the trolley must not be pushed by an employee. For this purpose, induction loops can be installed inside the workshop. The trolley can be moved as soon as it is fully loaded. Waiting times are prevented. In addition, the trolley can be integrated into a largely automated production. The track can be firmly connected to the trolley or be designed so that the trolley itself has no wheels, but the wheels are integrated in the track. The section without the wheels, which can also be referred to as a storage rack, can be parked on the moving unit, for example, by means of a forklift truck. Consequently, the track unit can be used for multiple storage racks and therefore very cost efficient.

A further developed embodiment is characterized in that the transport carriage and in particular the track unit has a number of wheels, which are designed as mecanum wheels. Mecanum wheels are for example in the US Pat. No. 8,540,038 B1 disclosed. On the circumference of the Mecanum wheel several rotatably mounted, mostly barrel-shaped rollers are usually mounted at an angle of 45 degrees to the axis of the entire Mecanum wheel. Only these rollers make contact with the ground. These rollers have no direct drive and can rotate freely around their inclined bearing axis. By means of the Mecanum wheels, the transport trolley, whether with its own drive or by an employee, can be moved omnidirectionally without the need for a steering device. The trolley can be easily maneuvered in a small space. It should be emphasized here that the mecanum wheels can also be used for trolleys in which neither of the side walls is movable toward and away from the other of the side walls. Thus, for example, continuous rolls may be used in conjunction with the Mecanum wheels.

In accordance with another embodiment, the trolley has a drip tray for collecting liquids or solids. Depending on how the load is produced, for example, it may be sprayed with a lubricant, which slowly dissolves during transport from the load. In this case, the charge carriers are often designed basket-like, so that the lubricant drips uncontrolled in the workshop. The drip pan can prevent the lubricant from dripping uncontrollably into the workshop.

Another embodiment is characterized in that at least one extension section can be connected to the trolley. The trolleys usually have a plurality of superposed planes, in which the load carriers can be stored. With the extension sections, the capacity of the relevant trolley can be easily increased. For this purpose, the Extension sections are inserted into corresponding receptacles of the trolley.

In a further embodiment, the transport cart may have a locking device for securing the load carriers and / or the trays in the transport cart. In particular, during acceleration and braking of the trolley, the carriers or the trays can slip and fall from the trolley, whereby the load is damaged and the transport process is interrupted. With the locking device this is prevented.

A further developed embodiment is characterized in that the transport carriage has a number of receiving areas with which the transport vehicle can be taken. At these receiving areas of the trolley can be taken, for example, with a forklift, lifted and driven through the workshop. The forklifts can drive autonomously themselves, so that in this way the trolley can be moved automatically without the need for a track or a drive unit. Lifting can also provide a 360 ° all-round view of position sensors mounted on the trolley, which is critical to the smooth operation of automated guided vehicle (FTS) systems.

According to a further embodiment, the device has a coupling device for coupling the transport carriage with the movement device. As mentioned, the transfer of the trays or the load carriers from the trolley to the moving means and back can only be done when the trolley is in the transfer position. By means of the coupling device, the transfer position can be clearly defined and unintentional rolling of the trolley can be prevented. A smooth transfer of the trays and / or the charge carriers can be ensured thereby.

The coupling device can be designed such that electrical energy and electrical signals can be transmitted between the transport carriage and the moving device, so that the connection of corresponding plugs can be dispensed with. Furthermore, hydraulic and / or pneumatic connections and / or electromagnetic connections can be integrated in the coupling device.

• - eine Führungssäule,
• - einen Schlitten, welcher entlang der Führungssäule bewegbar ist und mit welchem zumindest ein Adapter oder Greifer zum Aufnehmen von Ladungsträgern verbindbar ist,
• - zumindest ein entlang der Führungssäule verlaufendes Abstützmittel, und
• - ein im Schlitten angeordnetes oder mit dem Schlitten zusammenwirkendes und mittels einer Antriebseinrichtung antreibbares Ritzel umfassen, welches zum Bewegen des Schlittens entlang der Führungssäule formschlüssig in das Abstützmittel eingreift.

In a further developed embodiment, the movement device

• - a guide pillar,
• a carriage, which is movable along the guide column and with which at least one adapter or gripper for receiving charge carriers can be connected,
• - At least one along the guide column extending support means, and
• - A arranged in the carriage or cooperating with the carriage and drivable by means of a drive means pinion, which engages positively for moving the carriage along the guide column in the support means.

A pinion may be understood to mean a toothed wheel, but the pinion may also be designed as a wheel which has a specific profile which interacts with the support means in a form-fitting manner. The support means is a kind of rack. In any case, slippage of the pinion against the support means must be prevented, otherwise the carriage would move uncontrollably along the guide column. The support means may be formed stationary, so that the pinion is the only driven part to move the carriage along the guide column. The pinion can be much better shielded with a housing than a moving chain, so that the risk that the user injures his fingers, can be significantly reduced in the proposed embodiment of the present device. The danger posed by a moving chain to the user no longer exists.

According to a further developed embodiment, the support means is flexible and in particular designed as a chain or as a belt. The flexible design of the support means, in particular as a chain, rope or belt has the advantage that the guide column can also have curved sections, without having to adapt the support means to the arcuate sections. Due to the flexibility of the chain or belt, these can be used for variously designed guide columns. In addition, the arrangement of the pinion can be chosen freely, since the flexible support means can be guided towards the pinion. The freedom of design of the drive device is thereby increased.

In a further developed embodiment, the device comprises a cooperating with the carriage or arranged in the carriage safety device which comprises a securing element, which detects in the event that the carriage can not support the support means, the carriage on the guide column. The fuse element may be, for example, a wedge brake, which triggers when the carriage is no longer can support the support means. The safety device prevents in this case the carriage can move unrestrained along the guide column and falls to the ground. Resultant damage to the device and risks to the user of the device can be excluded thereby.

According to a further embodiment, a number of securing bolts are arranged on the guide column, wherein the securing element is biased relative to the chain or the belt by means of a biasing means. In the event that the chain or belt breaks, the securing element for securing the carriage to the guide column cooperates with at least one of the securing bolts. In the event that the chain, the rope or the belt breaks, the securing element for securing the carriage to the guide column cooperates with at least one of the securing bolts. The safety bolts function to catch the carriage when the chain or belt breaks. As long as the chain or belt is intact, the securing element is held in a position in which it can not engage in the securing bolts. As soon as the chain or belt breaks, the securing element is placed in a position due to the then lacking counterforce due to the spring force in which the securing element can engage in one of the securing bolts. This embodiment of the safety device is easily deployable and provides high reliability. As a biasing means, for example, a spring or a counterweight can be used.

• - eine erste Seitenwand und eine zweite Seitenwand, die im Wesentlichen parallel zueinander verlaufen, sowie
• - einen Auflageabschnitt umfasst, auf welchen zumindest einer der Ladungsträger oder eines der Trays auflegbar ist, wobei
• - zumindest eine der Seitenwände zur anderen der Seitenwände hin und von dieser weg bewegbar ist.

In a further developed embodiment, the device comprises an adapter for receiving charge carriers, which is connectable to the carriage, wherein the adapter

• a first side wall and a second side wall substantially parallel to each other, as well as
• - Includes a support portion on which at least one of the carriers or one of the trays is placed, wherein
• - At least one of the side walls to the other of the side walls and away from this is movable.

As previously explained, the carriage is moved along a guide column, the adapter being attachable to the carriage and housing the carriers or trays. When moving the adapter together with the carriage along the guide column, there is a risk that the charge carrier received in the adapter or the tray received in the adapter will slip or even fall out of the adapter. From both cases, more or less severe disadvantages may result for the transport of the load arranged in the load carrier or in the tray. Because at least one of the side walls is movable toward and away from the other of the side walls, the distance between the side walls of the adapter may be selected to correspond to the length or width of the carriers or trays used. Slippage of the charge carriers and the trays is thereby avoided, at least with respect to the side walls. At least one of the sidewalls may cooperate with a biasing means and the distance between the sidewalls may be slightly larger than the length or the width of the carriers or the trays such that the respective sidewall is biased somewhat as the carriers or trays are inserted into the adapter. Consequently, a certain frictional force between the charge carrier or the tray and the side wall, which largely prevents slipping and in particular falling out of the charge carriers or the trays from the adapter acts.

For specially shaped carriers or trays, a gripper can be used instead of an adapter.

According to a further embodiment, the adapter has an adjusting device with which at least one of the side walls is movable relative to the other of the side walls. With the adjustment of the distance between the side walls during operation of the adapter can be adjusted quickly and flexibly. Depending on the field of application of the adapter, it may be that load carriers or trays of different sizes are used for the transport of the load. If a load carrier or a tray is to be received by the adapter with dimensions which differ from the preceding load carrier or dimensions differing from the preceding tray, an automatic adjustment of the spacing of the side walls can be carried out by means of the adjusting device. Information about the dimensions of the relevant charge carrier can be transmitted, for example, with an RFID chip attached to the charge carrier or tray and readable by a control unit. The control unit activates the adjusting device accordingly. Consequently, the adapter can be used very flexibly.

According to an improved embodiment, the support portion is formed by at least a first roller disposed on the first side wall and at least a second roller disposed on the second side wall. The use of rollers has the advantage that the friction and thus the wear on the load carriers and the trays due to the transport is kept low. The rollers used in the prior art extend over the entire width of the load carrier. If you use such roles in the adapter, the distance between the side walls can not be changed or only with great effort. Since at least one roller is fastened to each side wall in this embodiment, the distance of the side walls from each other can be changed at least until the two rollers strike either against each other or against the opposite side wall. In this embodiment, the distance between the two side walls can be changed despite the use of rollers with little technical effort.

According to a further developed embodiment, the first roller and / or the second roller are driven. Due to the ability to drive one or both rollers, the charge carriers or the trays can be pulled into the adapter so that they occupy a predeterminable position in the adapter. In this way it can be prevented that the charge carriers or the trays are only partially received in the adapter and can fall out of the adapter when moving along the guide column. After completion of the transport, the load carriers or the trays can be pushed out of the adapter, whereby the transfer is simplified.

A further developed embodiment is characterized in that the adapter has a collecting trough for collecting liquids or solids. Depending on how the load is produced, for example, it may be sprayed with a lubricant, which slowly dissolves during transport from the load. In this case, the load carriers and the trays are often basket-shaped, so that the lubricant accumulates in the adapter or, in the event that the adapter has rollers attached to the side walls, the lubricant drips uncontrollably into the workshop. If the adapter is then to be used for another load, it must be cleaned consuming depending on the design. With the drip tray, a complex cleaning can be omitted, since it can be designed so that it can be cleaned well. In addition, it can be prevented that the lubricant drips uncontrollably into the workshop.

• - Bereitstellen eines bewegbaren Transportwagens, der mindestens einen ersten Aufnahmeabschnitt und mindestens einen zweiten Aufnahmeabschnitt aufweist,
• - Aufnehmen von Ladungsträgern und/oder Trays, die sich in einem ersten Zustand befinden, auf zumindest einem der ersten Aufnahmeabschnitte,
• - Bewegen des bewegbaren Transportwagens in eine Übergabeposition,
• - Bewegen der Ladungsträger und/oder der Trays vom ersten Aufnahmeabschnitt zu einer Be- und/oder Entladestation mittels einer Bewegungseinrichtung,
• - Be- und/oder Entladen der der Ladungsträger und/oder der Trays mittels der Be- und/oder Entladestation, wodurch die Ladungsträger und/oder die Trays in einen zweiten Zustand überführt werden,
• - Bewegen der Ladungsträger und/oder der Trays von der Be-und/oder Entladestation zu zumindest einem der zweiten Aufnahmeabschnitte mit der Bewegungseinrichtung und Ablegen der Ladungsträger und/oder der Trays auf dem zumindest einen Aufnahmeabschnitt, und
• - Bewegen des bewegbaren Transportwagens aus der Übergabeposition

An embodiment of the invention relates to a method for operating a device according to one of the preceding embodiments for feeding charge carriers and / or trays to and from a loading and / or unloading station, comprising the following steps:

• Providing a movable transport carriage which has at least one first receiving section and at least one second receiving section,
• Picking up charge carriers and / or trays which are in a first state on at least one of the first receiving sections,
• Moving the movable transport carriage into a transfer position,
• Moving the charge carriers and / or the trays from the first receiving section to a loading and / or unloading station by means of a movement device,
• Loading and / or unloading of the charge carriers and / or the trays by means of the loading and / or unloading station, whereby the load carriers and / or the trays are transferred to a second state,
• Moving the charge carriers and / or the trays from the loading and / or unloading station to at least one of the second receiving sections with the moving device and depositing the load carriers and / or the trays on the at least one receiving section, and
• - Moving the movable trolley from the transfer position

The technical effects and advantages that can be achieved with the proposed method correspond to those discussed for the present device. In summary, it should be noted that the device can be used both for trays and for carriers, so that in contrast to known palletizers the proposed device can be used much more flexible. A manual transfer to the roller conveyors is eliminated. In addition, the trolley can be designed so that it provides the desired storage capacity. The trolley can remain in the transfer position until all trays or load carriers have been loaded or unloaded as desired.

• 1 ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zum Zuführen von Ladungsträgern und/oder Trays zu einer Be- und/oder Entladestation und von dieser weg, mit einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel eines Transportwagens und einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel einer Bewegungseinrichtung,
• 2 ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, mit einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel eines Transportwagens und einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel der Bewegungseinrichtung,
• 3 ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel des Transportwagens,
• 4A und 4B ein viertes Ausführungsbeispiel des Transportwagens,
• 5 eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Mecanum-Rades,
• 6 eine Seitenansicht eines dritten Ausführungsbeispiels der Bewegungseinrichtung,
• 7A und 7B eine Draufsicht auf ein Kupplungselement und eine Kupplungseinrichtung,
• 8 eine Darstellung einer Sicherheitseinrichtung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung,
• 9 ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Adapters anhand einer Vorderansicht, und
• 10 ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Adapters anhand einer Vorderansicht, jeweils anhand von prinzipiellen Darstellungen.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it

• 1 A first embodiment of the device according to the invention for feeding carriers and / or trays to a loading and / or unloading station and away therefrom, with a first embodiment of a transport carriage and a first embodiment of a moving device,
• 2 A second embodiment of the device according to the invention, with a second embodiment of a trolley and a second embodiment of the movement device,
• 3 a third embodiment of the trolley,
• 4A and 4B A fourth embodiment of the trolley,
• 5 a perspective view of a Mecanum wheel,
• 6 a side view of a third embodiment of the movement device,
• 7A and 7B a plan view of a coupling element and a coupling device,
• 8th a representation of a safety device of the device according to the invention,
• 9 a first embodiment of an adapter according to the invention with reference to a front view, and
• 10 A second embodiment of an adapter according to the invention with reference to a front view, each based on basic representations.

In 1 is a first embodiment of a device according to the invention 10 ₁ for guiding load carriers 12 and / or trays 14 to a loading and / or unloading station 16 and shown away from it by means of a basic representation. The device 10 ₁ includes a movable dolly 18 ₁ and a moving device 20 ₁ , in each case according to a first embodiment.

The dolly 18 ₁ comprises a carrier device 22 with two first side beams 24 and two second side members 26 of which in the 1 only the first side supports 24 you can see. The second side support 26 are in the 4A and 4B recognizable. In four levels a) to d) are on the first side beams 24 six first carrier rolls each 28 and at the second side beams 26 six second carrier rolls each 30 attached. The carrier rolls 28 . 30 the levels c) and d) each form a first receiving section 32 and the carrier rolls 28 . 30 the levels a) and b) each have a second receiving section 34 on which in this case the box-shaped charge carriers 12 can be stored. Both the first carrier rolls 28 as well as the second carrier rolls 30 are drivable.

The dolly 18 ₁ is with wheels 36 equipped so that the trolley 18 ₁ can be moved by an employee. In addition, the transport cart points 18 ₁ a positioning unit 38 on, with which the dolly 18 ₁ can be moved without the help of an employee, especially within the workshop and thus for in-house transport. For this purpose, the dolly 18 ₁ with a drive unit 40 fitted. Furthermore, induction loops, not shown, or the like may be laid in the floor of the workshop to the path along which the trolley 18 ₁ is to pretend.

The movement device 20 ₁ has a lifting column 42 on, with which a cross member 44 can be raised and lowered. The lifting column 42 is by means of a bottom plate 46 stored. At the cross member 44 are in this case five drivable cross member rollers 48 attached.

The device 10 ₁ according to the first embodiment is operated in the following manner:

The dolly 18 ₁ will be in any position with in this case a total of six charge carriers 12 loaded on the first two intake sections 32 be filed. The charge carriers 12 are in a first state, in which they are empty in the example shown, so no load G take up. But you can also load in the first state G be filled. The loaded dolly 18 ₁ in this case automatically by means of the track 38 in an in 1 illustrated transfer position T hazards. The transfer position T is characterized by the fact that a transfer of the charge carriers 12 from the trolley 18 ₁ to the movement device 20 ₁ and vice versa is possible.

The crossbeam 44 the movement device 20 ₁ is by means of the lifting column 42 Do that with one of the first recording sections 32 flees. Subsequently, the respective carrier rolls 28 . 30 of the trolley 18 ₁ set in rotation so that one of the charge carriers 12 from the trolley 18 ₁ on the crossbar rollers 48 is moved, which are also rotated accordingly. In the case shown, the second charge carrier 12 level c). Subsequently, the cross member 44 to the loading and / or unloading station 16 moved, which in this case by lifting the cross member 44 he follows. As in 1 shown, the loading and / or unloading station 16 for example, an outlet pipe 50 include, from which the load G can be delivered. The charge carrier 12 gets so close to the loading and / or unloading station 16 moved on that the load G safely in the load carrier 12 can be introduced. In this case, the loading and / or unloading station 16 only for loading the charge carriers 12 but not for unloading.

After the charge carrier 12 has been completely filled, it is in the second state and is on one of the second receiving portions 34 of the trolley 18 ₁ filed, as is the case for the first charge carrier 12 which has been taken from the plane c) is shown. This charge carrier 12 is on the second recording section 34 level a). For this purpose, the cross member 44 lowered accordingly and the cross member rollers 48 and the carrier rolls 28 . 30 put in a corresponding rotation, so that the charge carrier 12 from the cross member 44 to the relevant second receiving section 34 can be handed over. As a result of filling is the charge carrier 12 been transferred to the second state. Loading and / or unloading the load carriers 12 on the first recording section 32 is also possible.

As already mentioned, the charge carriers can 12 also in the first state with the load G be filled. In this case, the load should G processed in a certain way, for example, washed or polished. In this case, not shown, the loading and / or unloading station 16 set up to handle the load to be processed G from the load carriers 12 remove, feed a processing machine, not shown, and the processed load G then back into the charge carriers 12 can contribute. In this case, the charge carrier 12 by filling the processed load G transferred to the second state.

Once all charge carriers 12 transferred to the second state and on the second receiving portions 34 have been discarded, the dolly 18 ₁ from the transfer position T be moved away, for example, to a warehouse where the processed cargo G stored or sent. Once the transfer position T has become free, another dolly can 18 ₁ in the transfer position T and the steps explained above are repeated.

In the illustrated embodiment, the first receiving portions 32 in the levels c) and d) and the second receiving sections 34 arranged in the levels a) and b). In the example shown, per recording section 32 . 34 three charge carriers 12 be dropped, so that the dolly 18 ₁ with a total of six charge carriers 12 loaded. When carrying out the above steps become the charge carriers 12 moved from the levels c) and d) in the levels a) and b). But it is also possible to transport the trolley 18 ₁ for example, with nine charge carriers 12 to be loaded, which are located, for example, in the levels b) to d). In this case, a first recording section 32 , on the charge carrier 12 are stored in the first state, when performing the above steps to a second receiving portion 34 , on the charge carrier 12 be stored in the second state. In this case, the dolly can 18 ₁ load more, which increases the effectiveness of its use.

In 2 is a second embodiment of the device according to the invention 10 ₂ shown. In this case, stackable, tray-shaped trays 14 used. The device 10 ₁ includes a trolley 18 ₂ according to a second embodiment, which has only the levels a) and b). In the plane b) are the first receiving sections 32 and in the plane a) the second receiving sections 34 arranged. The principle handling of the trays 14 corresponds to those for the in 1 shown charge carriers 12 has been explained.

Due to the fact that the trays 14 stackable, however, there are some differences: as from the 2 shows are the trays 14 spread over several, in this case three stacks. The dolly 18 ₂ is loaded so that the three stacks of empty trays in this case 14 on the first recording section 32 be filed. The empty trays 14 are in the first state. Is the trolley 18 ₁ in the transfer position T , One of the stacks by a corresponding rotation of the support rollers 28 . 30 and the cross member rollers 48 to the movement device 20 ₂ to hand over. The trays 14 have separate receiving spaces, in which usually a single load G is filed. Hence the fact that only the tray 14 a stack that can not be loaded from another tray 14 is obscured to the top. In 2 you can see that the movement device 20 ₂ according to the second embodiment, a gripping device 52 includes, with which the trays 14 can be detected and moved from one pile to another pile. Once the top tray 14 of the transferred stack is filled, it is from the gripping device 52 captured and transported from the transferred stack to another stack. Consequently, while filling the trays 14 two piles on the cross member 44 available. After all the trays 14 filled and thus transferred to the second state, is only a stack on the cross member 44 available, the only filled trays 14 having. This stack will be on the second pickup section 34 of the trolley 18 ₂ stored.

Alternatively, the gripping device 52 For example, only the top three trays 14 Lift. Then the stack with the bottom seven trays 14 by a corresponding rotation of the cross member rollers 48 so moved that the top tray 14 of the stack for the loading and unloading station 16 is accessible. The top of the seven trays 14 it will then Loading and unloading. The stack is then moved back to the starting position and the remaining upper three trays 14 from the gripping device 52 filed again. In this case, there is only one stack on the cross member 44 present, since the gripping device 52 the top three trays 14 As long as raises until the stack with the seven lower trays 14 has returned to the starting position. If necessary, the top three trays 14 from the gripping device 52 in the meantime on the crossbeam 44 be filed. Consequently, every tray can 14 be loaded and unloaded regardless of the stacking order.

Also the trays 14 can in the first state with load G be loaded, which is removed from the receiving spaces for processing and then stored there again. The trays 14 are then transferred to the second state when they are exclusively with the processed load G are filled.

In 3 is a third embodiment of the trolley 18 ₃ illustrated by a schematic representation, which, as well as the dolly 18 ₁ according to the first embodiment, four levels a) to d). In this embodiment, the dolly 18 ₃ with a drip tray 54 equipped with which liquids or solids, which are used in the production of the cargoes and only slowly from the load G separate, can be caught. For reasons of illustration, the drip tray 54 only in the plane b) available, of course, the other levels with a drip pan 54 can be provided.

In addition, the transport cart points 18 ₃ at least one extension section 56 on, which is arranged in the illustrated embodiment in the plane c). In this way, the capacity of the trolley 18 ₃ be enlarged. But it is also possible, the extension section 56 in particular for the transfer of the charge carriers 12 to use. The transfer of the charge carriers 12 on the trolley 18 ₃ can be simplified due to better accessibility. In this case, the extension section 56 in the side carrier 24 . 26 be plugged. It can be provided that the extension section 56 between the different floors of the trolley 18 ₃ is movable.

How out 3 shows, the trolley points 18 ₃ a number of recording areas 58 on. At these reception areas 58 a forklift, not shown here, can transport the trolley 18 ₃ grab, lift and drive through the workshop. The forklifts can drive autonomously themselves, so that in this way the trolley 18 ₃ can be moved automatically, without requiring a trajectory 38 or a drive unit 40 needed. With the lifting can also be a 360 ° all-round visibility for not shown on the trolley 18 ₃ arranged position sensors, which is crucial for the smooth operation of driverless transport systems (FTS).

Furthermore, the dolly 18 ₃ with a coupling device 60 equipped, with which the dolly 18 ₃ with the movement device 20 can be coupled. The coupling device 60 , which will be described in more detail later, may be formed so that the transport cart 18 ₃ in the coupled state is fixed in position and can not roll away. In addition, an electrically conductive contact can be made in the coupled state, so that electrical energy and electrical signals between the moving means 20 ₁ and the dolly 18 ₁ can be exchanged. In addition, pneumatic, electromagnetic and / or hydraulic connections 62 in the coupling device 60 integrated, so that compressed air and / or hydraulic fluid and / or electrical energy can be transmitted.

In the 4A and 4B is a fourth embodiment of the trolley according to the invention 184 each shown in a front view. In this embodiment, the trolley 18 ₄ a locking device 64 on, with which the charge carriers 12 and / or the trays 14 in the dolly 18 ₄ are arranged, can be secured. The locking device 64 has a number of locking bars 66 on which at the side beams 24 . 26 are adjustably attached. In 4A is the locking device 64 in an open position, in which the locking bars 66 are vertically aligned so that the charge carriers 12 and the tray 14 from the front or from the back on the trolley 184 be transported and removed from this again. In 4B is the locking device 64 in the locking position, in which the locking bar 66 are aligned horizontally so that they are the charge carriers 12 and the trays 14 in the transport cart 18 ₄ to back up. Adjusting the locking bars 66 between the open position and the locking position can be done by means of a central, not shown lever, so that the adjustment can be done quickly and easily. Alternatively or cumulatively, the adjustment can also take place by means of a motor or actuating cylinder, not shown.

In 5 is as a mecanum wheel 68 executed wheel 36 of the trolley 18 shown by a perspective view. On the circumference of the Mecanum wheel 68 are several, in this case barrel-shaped rollers 70 at an angle from 45 degrees to the axis of rotation T of the entire Mecanum wheel 68 arranged and on mounting sections 72 rotatably mounted. Exclusively these roles 70 make contact with the ground. These roles 70 have no direct drive and can rotate freely around their inclined bearing axis. By means of the Mecanum wheels 68 can the dolly 18 whether by own drive or by an employee, omnidirectional be moved without a steering device is needed.

In the 6 is a schematic side view of a third embodiment of the movement device 20 ₃ for moving the charge carriers 12 or the trays 14 shown. The movement device 20 ₃ includes a guide column 74 which are in the bottom plate 46 is anchored. The guiding column 74 extends substantially perpendicular along the in 6 defined z-axis and comprises a total of three subsections 76 on, which are identical to each other. The subsections 76 are connected to each other with non-illustrated fasteners offset. The number of subsections 76 can be chosen freely, so that the height of the guide column 74 can be adjusted accordingly. Along the guide column 74 is a number of safety bolts 75 arranged.

The movement device 20 ₃ includes a carriage 78 that goes along the guide column 74 can be moved. For this purpose, the carriage 78 a number of wheels 80 up, relying on the leadership column 74 roll. At the sled 78 is a drive device 82 arranged with which the carriage 78 along the guiding column 74 can be moved. On the drive device 82 will be discussed in more detail later. At this point, it should be mentioned that the drive device 82 a pinion 83 which, with one along the guide column 74 extending support means 84 cooperates, in this case as a chain 86 or is designed as a belt. The support means 84 is at a first end 88 firmly with the movement device 20 ₃ connected and at a second end 90 by means of an elastic element 92 at the guiding column 74 attached. The chain 86 is by means of a guide post 74 rotatably mounted pulley 93 diverted.

At the sled 78 can by means of a connection flange 96 an adapter 94 be attached, which is a charge carrier, not shown here 12 and / or trays 14 record and together with the sled 78 along the guiding column 74 can be moved. For illustration purposes, the connection flange 96 about the z-axis offset by 90 ° on the slide 78 shown mounted, however, it is provided that the connection flange 96 based on the 1 behind or in front of the guiding column 74 is arranged, so that too the adapter 94 in front of or behind the guiding column 74 is moved along this.

The movement device 20 ₃ also has the already mentioned coupling device 60 on. In addition, the movement device 20 ₃ with a housing box 98 provided in which, for example, not shown electrical and electronic components for controlling the moving means 20 ₃ are housed.

In the 7A and 7B is an embodiment of the coupling device 60 shown in more detail on the basis of a basic plan view. The coupling device 60 has one with the bottom plate 46 the movement device 20 connected section 99 on, on a left edge 100 and a right edge 101 two recesses each 103 into which two corresponding projections 105 of the trolley 18 can be introduced. If the projections 105 in the recesses 103 are introduced, is the dolly 18 opposite the movement device 20 clearly positioned and aligned.

In addition, from the 6 and 8th recognizable that the movement device 20 ₃ according to the third embodiment, one with the carriage 78 cooperating safety device 97 with a fuse element 107 having. The fuse element 107 the safety device 97 designed hook-shaped in the example shown. The fuse element 107 is rotatably mounted about the y-axis (see. 6 ) and comes with a biasing agent 102 , In the example shown with a spring 111 , pretensioned. So that the spring 111 can be biased, is the fuse element 107 with a counterhold 104 connected to the chain 86 or supported on the belt, so that the securing element 107 in the in 8th shown first position is held. The counterpart 104 can the spring 111 just pretend because the chain 86 or the belt is tightened sufficiently strong and thus hardly in the direction of action and in the opposite direction of the spring 111 can be deflected provided biasing force. As long as the fuse element 107 located in the first position, the carriage can 78 along the guiding column 74 to be moved. In the event that the chain 86 or the belt breaks, the carriage moves 78 uncontrolled along the guide column 74 downward. In this case, but leaves the chain 86 or the belt in the direction of action and the opposite direction of the spring 111 provided preload force, so that the spring 111 can not be biased. Consequently, the fuse element becomes 107 around the arrow P characterized direction rotated about the y-axis in a second position, not shown. In this second position, the fuse element 107 in one of the safety bolts 75 intervene so that the sled 78 at the guiding column 74 is detected and no longer uncontrolled along the guide column 74 can fall down. Instead of the spring 111 can also be used an unillustrated counterweight, which in the event that the chain 86 or the belt breaks, the securing element 107 turns to the second position.

In 9 is a first embodiment of an adapter according to the invention 94 ₁ shown by a basic front view. The adapter 94 ₁ has a first sidewall 106 and a second side wall 108 on, which are substantially parallel to each other. Furthermore, the adapter includes 94 ₁ a support section 110 on which at least one charge carrier 12 or a tray 14 can be placed. The support section 110 is in the first embodiment of the adapter 94 ₁ as a plate floor 112 executed, in which a joint 114 is inserted, along which the first side wall 106 can be moved. In addition, the adapter points 94 ₁ an adjusting device 113 on, for example, comprises a spindle, with which the first side wall 106 to the second side wall 108 back and can be pushed away from this again. In this way, the distance between the two side walls to the width or the length of the charge carrier 12 be adjusted.

In addition, the adapter includes 94 ₁ extending between the side walls a rear wall 116 to which a sensor 118 for detecting the presence of a load carrier 12 or a tray 14 in the adapter 94 ₁ and / or in the immediate vicinity of the adapter 94 ₁ as well as a reading head 120 for identifying and documenting the received charge carriers 12 or trays 14 are attached. The back wall 116 has a slightly lower height than the side walls 106 . 108 on.

The second side wall 108 has a wall section 122 on that with a pretensioner 124 can be biased. The distance between the first side wall 106 and the wall section 122 is chosen so that it is slightly smaller than the length or the width of the charge carrier 12 or the tray 14 , When the charge carrier 12 or the tray 14 in the adapter 94 ₁ is introduced, this comes into contact with the wall portion 122 so that the wall section 122 to the second side wall 108 is moved and the biasing device 124 biased so that the charge carrier 12 to the first side wall 106 is pushed. The of the pretensioner 124 provided biasing force generates a frictional force between the carrier 12 or the tray 14 and the first sidewall 106 and the wall section 122 so that the charge carrier 12 or the tray 14 on the one hand clearly in its position with regard to the side walls 106 . 108 in the adapter 94 ₁ positioned and on the other hand due to the frictional force in the charge carrier 12 held and secured against slipping.

In 10 is a second embodiment of the adapter according to the invention 94 ₂ shown by a basic front view. In contrast to the first and second embodiments, the support section 110 not from a plate floor 112 but from a first role 126 on the first side wall 106 is arranged, and a second role 128 formed on the second side wall 108 is arranged. The roles 70 can be driven by means of a drive unit, not shown, so that a charge carrier 12 in the adapter 94 ₂ pulled in and out of it can be pushed out. In the third embodiment, the rear wall 116 with the joints 114 provided along which the side walls 106 . 108 can be moved towards and away from each other.

Furthermore, the adapter 94 ₂ according to the second embodiment, a drip pan 130 on, with which in particular liquids can be collected. Such liquids may be lubricants or coolants, which in the manufacture of the cargo G be used and only slowly from the load G to solve. The drip tray 130 is quickly detachable with the adapter 94 ₂ connected so that they are easily removed from the adapter 94 ₂ disconnected, emptied and again with the adapter 94 ₁ can be connected.

Due to the fact that the two side walls of the adapter 94 ₂ can be moved towards and away from each other, has the drip pan 130 a first part of the tub 132 and a second trough part 134 on that with the two side walls 106 . 108 to be moved. The two tub parts 132 . 134 overlap each other sealingly, leaving them independent of the position of the sidewalls 106 . 108 each other can catch the liquids.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10, 10 ₁ to 10 ₂

device

12

charge carrier

14

tray

16

Loading and / or unloading station

18, 18 ₁ to 18 ₄

Dolly

20, 20 ₁ to 20 ₃

mover

22

support means

24

first side support

26

second side support

28

first carrier roll

30

second carrier roll

32

first receiving section

34

second receiving section

36

wheel

38

traversing

40

drive unit

42

Lifting column

44

crossbeam

46

baseplate

48

Crossbeam roles

50

outlet pipe

52

gripper

54

drip tray

56

extension section

58

reception area

60

coupling device

62

connection

64

locking device

66

Load bar

68

Mecanum wheel

70

role

72

attachment section

74

guide column

75

safety bolt

76

subsection

78

carriage

80

bikes

82

driving means

83

pinion

84

support means

86

Chain

88

first end

90

second end

92

elastic element

93

idler pulley

94, 94 ₁ to 94 ₂

adapter

96

flange

97

safety device

98

housing case

99

section

100

left edge

101

right edge

102

biasing means

103

recess

104

backstop

105

head Start

106

first sidewall

107

fuse element

108

second side wall

110

bearing section

111

feather

112

slab floor

113

adjustment

114

Gap

116

rear wall

118

sensor

120

read head

122

wall section

124

biasing means

126

first role

128

second role

130

drip tray

132

first part of the tub

134

second trough part

G

load

P

arrow

T

Transfer position

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102007031117 A1 [0004, 0005, 0010]
• US 8540038 B1 [0019]

Claims (20)

Device for guiding charge carriers (12) and / or trays (14) to and from a loading and / or unloading station (16), wherein in the loading and / or unloading station (16) a load (G) of the Charge carriers (12) or the trays (14) and / or in the charge carriers (12) or the trays (14) can be removed, comprising - At least one movable trolley (18) having at least a first receiving portion (32) for receiving charge carriers (12) and / or trays (14), which are in a first state, and at least one second receiving portion (34) for receiving charge carriers (12) and / or trays (14) which are in a second state, and - A movement device (20), with which the charge carriers (12) and / or trays (14) between the first receiving portion (32) and the second receiving portion (34) and the loading and / or unloading station (16) and away can be moved when the trolley (18) is in a transfer position (T). Device after Claim 1 , characterized in that the trays (14) or the charge carriers (12) are stackable and the movement device (20) has a gripping device (52) for gripping the trays (14) or the charge carriers (12). Device according to one of Claims 1 or 2 , characterized in that the trolley (18) - a support means (22) having at least a first side support (24) and a second side support (26), and - at least two first support rollers (28) attached to the first side support (24) and at least two second carrier rollers (30) which are fastened to the second side carrier (26), wherein - at least one of the side supports (24, 26) to the other side of the side support (24, 26) and is movable away therefrom. Device after Claim 3 , characterized in that at least one of the carrier rollers (28, 30) is drivable. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transport carriage (18) has a positioning unit (38) with which the transport carriage (18) can be moved. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transport carriage (18) and in particular the track unit (38) has a number of wheels (36) which are designed as Mecanum wheels (68). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transport carriage (18) has a collecting trough (54) for collecting liquids or solids. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one extension portion (56) to the trolley (18) can be connected. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transport carriage (18) has a locking device (64) for securing the load carrier (12) in the transport carriage (18). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transport carriage (18) has a number of receiving areas (58) with which the transport carriage (18) can be grasped. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device has a coupling device (146) for coupling the transport carriage (124) with the movement device (20). Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the movement device (20) - a guide column (74), - a carriage (78) which along the guide column (74) is movable and with which at least one adapter (94) for receiving at least one support means (84) extending along the guide column (74), and - a pinion (78) or cooperating with the carriage (78) and drivable by means of a drive device (82). 83) which for moving the carriage (28) along the guide column (74) engages positively in the support means (84). Device after Claim 12 , characterized in that the support means (84) is flexible and in particular formed as a chain (86) or as a belt (86). Device according to one of Claims 12 or 13 , characterized in that the device (10) comprises a safety device (97) cooperating with the carriage (78) or arranged in the carriage (78) and comprising a securing element (107) which, in the event that the carriage (78 ) can no longer be supported on the support means (84), the carriage (78) on the guide column (74) notes. Device after Claim 14 characterized in that a number of securing pins (75) are arranged on the guide column (74), the securing element (107) is biased against the chain (86) or the belt by means of a biasing means (70) and in the event that Chain (86) or the belt breaks, the securing element (107) for locking the carriage (28) on the guide column (74) cooperates with at least one of the securing bolt (75). Device according to one of Claims 12 to 15 characterized in that the apparatus comprises an adapter (94) for receiving the load carriers (12) or the trays (14) which is connectable to the carriage (78), the adapter (94) comprising a first side wall (106). and a second side wall (108) which run substantially parallel to one another, and - a support section (110) on which at least one of the charge carriers (12) or one of the trays (14) can be placed, wherein - at least one of the side walls ( 106, 108) is movable toward and away from the other of the side walls (106, 108). Device after Claim 16 , characterized in that the adapter (94) comprises an adjusting device (113) with which at least one of the side walls (106, 108) is movable relative to the other of the side walls (106, 108). Device according to one of Claims 16 or 17 characterized in that the support portion (110) is formed by at least a first roller (126) disposed on the first side wall (106) and at least one second roller (128) disposed on the second side wall (108) is. Device after Claim 18 , characterized in that the first roller (126) and / or the second roller (128) are driven. Device according to one of Claims 16 or 19 , characterized in that the adapter (94) has a collecting trough (130) for collecting liquids or solids.

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