DE202015104541U1 - Querstromzerspaner for crushing waste in a Querstromzerspaner - Google Patents

Abstract

Querstromzerspaner for shredding waste, wherein a first group of waste contains volatile substances and a second group of waste electronic waste, wherein the Querstromzerspaner has a housing provided with a reaction chamber, in which a crushing device (2) for crushing the first and the second group is integrated by mechanical action and wherein in the enclosure of the crushing device (2) at least a first discharge opening is arranged, wherein the first discharge opening for the crushing of the first group of waste during the crushing process is airtight lockable and can be released after completion of the crushing process, so that the discharge of the shredded waste of the first group is discontinuously realizable and that the at least one first discharge opening or at least one existing in the housing second discharge opening for the comminution of the second Group of waste is at least partially opened such that a continuous discharge of the shredded waste of the second group of waste is feasible.

Description

The invention relates to a Querstromzerspaner for crushing waste in a Querstromzerspaner and is used in particular for the comminution of waste application.

For recycling of electronic household appliances, consumer electronics and other electronic devices such as refrigerators, photocopiers or printers is often a separation into the individual materials and thus a careful comminution necessary.

Some device groups, such as coolers or printers, contain plastic foams that trap volatiles such as chlorofluorocarbons or pentanes in their pores. A separation of these pores must be done for environmental protection reasons in an airtight reaction space.

The DE 100 62 947 B4 describes a treatment device for waste containing different volatile substances, wherein there is a digestion of the plastic foam pores in a closed crushing device under inertized atmosphere.

The DE 103 22 624 B4 discloses a disruption device with a container having a dull impact tool at its bottom. The material to be broken up is whirled into the free air space above and crushed by collisions with itself. Again, the container in which the crushing is carried out inert.

In the DE 102 28 471 B4 a shredding device is disclosed with a crushing space in which at least one blunt impact tool revolving in a lower region of the crushing space is arranged for carrying out a comminution process, with a drying device which is connected to the comminution chamber to draw a gas stream from the comminuting space to dry it and redirect the crushing space for drying the millbase. The comminuting space is likewise inertizable.

The EP 1 422 000 A1 discloses a plant for the preparation of propellant gas-containing millbase, wherein the fine fraction consisting of the foam material is first separated from a coarse fraction by means of a screening device. The fine fraction is then further processed in an airtight, inertizable space.

For the shredding of electronic waste, which contains no volatile substances, an airtight space is not absolutely necessary. Here a comminution is usually also in a Querstromzerspaner, but using different sieves.

For example, this describes EP 2 062 645 A1 a device for crushing objects, comprising a peripheral wall and a bottom, and a striking tool, which rotates in the lower region of the container, wherein at least a part of the peripheral wall or the bottom of the container is formed like a sieve.

In the previously known solutions is a crushing of waste containing volatile substances and electronic waste only possible in separate machines.

The object of the present invention is thus to provide a device with which the comminution of electronic waste on the one hand and waste containing volatile substances on the other hand, is made possible.

This object is achieved with the characterizing features of the first protection claim.

Advantageous embodiments emerge from the subclaims.

According to the invention, a Querstromzerspaner for shredding waste is proposed, wherein a first group of waste contains volatile substances and a second group of waste electronic waste, the Querstromzerspaner having a housing provided with a reaction space in which a crushing device for crushing the first and the second Group is integrated by mechanical action and wherein in the enclosure of the crushing device at least a first discharge opening is arranged, wherein the first discharge opening for the comminution of the first group of waste during the crushing process is airtight lockable and can be released after completion of the crushing process, so that the discharge the crushed waste of the first group is discontinuously realizable and that the at least one first discharge opening or at least one existing in the housing second discharge opening f for the comminution of the second group of waste is at least partially opened such that a continuous discharge of the shredded waste of the second group of waste is feasible. Waste of the first group may be, for example, refrigerators (refrigerators, freezers, etc.) and / or copiers (or combination appliances for copying, faxing, etc.). Waste of the second group are, for example, information and telecommunications equipment, consumer electronics, small household appliances, electric tools, toys, sports and leisure products, monitoring and control instruments, and medical products.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the comminution of waste of the first group containing volatiles can be made possible. For this purpose, the reaction chamber is sealed airtight. In particular, the airtight sealing is effected by means of a dummy plate which closes the first and if present the second discharge opening and depending on where the discharge opening is arranged in the bottom region or in the side region of the peripheral wall region of the reaction space. The introduced into the reaction chamber to be shredded material is comminuted in a Querstromzerspaner usual way by means of a percussion tool. In particular, the pores of plastic foams are split, which are contained in the material to be comminuted. These contain gases or other volatiles such as chlorofluorocarbon or pentane. Preferably, a suction and a collecting device can be connected to the reaction space, through which the volatiles released by the comminution are sucked off and stored.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the airtight sealed reaction space can be provided with a protective gas, rendered inert. Nitrogen is preferably used as the inert gas. The inert gas is used, inter alia, the capture and discharge of the volatile substances and is introduced together with them in the catcher. In this or a subsequent device, it can be cooled and liquefied under the supply of liquid nitrogen or adsorbed by the use of activated carbon.

Preferably, the Querstromzerspaner on a cooling device, by means of which the reaction space of the crushing device is temperature controlled. In particular, for the comminution of waste of the first group, it is advantageous if the temperature of the reaction chamber is cooled to 70 ° C, otherwise the melting of plastics can not be imposed.

In a further preferred embodiment, for the comminution of electronic waste (waste of the second group), which contains no volatile substances, the dummy plate is exchangeable by at least one sieve. The at least one sieve is preferably exchangeable by further sieves with defined pore sizes.

For the shredding of electronic waste, the pore size of the at least one sieve is in the range of 50 mm to 300 mm.

For the comminution of information and telecommunications equipment, as well as consumer electronics, the pore size of the at least one screen is preferably 200 mm to 300 mm, particularly preferably 220 mm to 270 mm. For the comminution of small household appliances, electrical tools, toys, sports and leisure products, monitoring and control instruments, and medical products, the pore size of the at least one screen is preferably 40 mm to 80 mm, particularly preferably 55 mm to 65 mm.

Advantageously, the discharge of the reaction space is fed to further separation devices. The shredded materials are separated here into their components. Conceivable here are, for example, the manual sorting of plastic and printed circuit boards, the magnetic separation of non-ferrous metals and Fe metals and / or the separation of dust and powder by means of cyclones and filters.

An extraction system for the gases produced during the comminution of the wastes of the first group can furthermore be connected to the reaction space, after which a treatment device for the extracted gases can be connected after the extraction.

Advantageously, the present invention makes it possible to shred both electronic scrap and waste containing volatile matter in one machine. This makes the treatment much more efficient and cost-effective.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to an exemplary embodiment and an associated drawing, without being restricted thereto.

Showing:

1 : A flowchart with several different processing paths for different waste groups.

In 1 a flow chart with several different processing paths for different waste groups is shown. About a task and dissecting line 1 (eg a roller conveyor) becomes material to be shredded of the first or second group of waste via at least one conveyor 2 in the crushing device 3 directed.

The first group is represented by dashed lines and the second group by solid lines.

For example, the first group of waste containing volatiles includes Refrigerators and copiers; The second group includes, for example, information and telecommunications equipment, small household appliances, electrical tools, toys, sports and leisure products, monitoring and control instruments, medical products.

The shredding device 3 , For example, a Querstromzerspaner contains in their housing either in the bottom area and / or in the wall area at least a first discharge, which is providable with a sieve, not shown, or at least one blind plate, not shown, depending on which group of waste is processed.

At the in 1 illustrated variant is for processing waste containing volatile substances (first group of waste), at least a first discharge opening 3.1 in the enclosure of the crushing device 3 instead of a sieve with a dummy plate hermetically sealed or gas-tight. It is also possible for a sieve present in the region of the discharge opening to be closed with the dummy plate.

Only after the complete comminution of the first group of waste becomes the first discharge opening 3.1 released (by removal of the blank sheet) and the shredded material of the second group of waste from the first discharge port preferably discharged through a sieve.

The shredding device 3 has an unspecified suction, via which the process gases sucked off and a process gas filter 10 be supplied.

The discharge of the first group over the first discharge opening 3.1 for example, via a buffer sieve 11 and a first auger 12 in a zig-zag sifter 13 transported. A portion of the crushed material of the first group is fed into the work area via a first conveyor F1 9 directed for the metal separation. The workspace 9 has a vibrating trough 9.1 , an adjoining this magnetic separator 9.2 and an adjoining this separator 9.3 on.

From the magnetic separator 9.2 Separated iron materials are in a first collecting container B1 and from the separator 9.3 Non-ferrous metals issued in a second receptacle B2. To the separator 9.3 is followed by a third collecting container B3 for preferably non-metallic residual material.

Furthermore, at the end of the first conveyor F1, it is not over the metal separator 9 Guided ferrous metals via a magnetic separator M a fourth collecting container B4 supplied.

Another part will be out of the zigzag sifter 13 over a first cyclone 14.1 and a second cyclone 14.2 several further separated. For example, a separation of plastic parts over the first cyclone 14.1 , an air classifier 14.3 and a second screw conveyor 12.1 to a fifth bin B5 and separating toner powder and plastic over the air classifier 14.3 to a second cyclone 14.2 and a first flap 15.1 from the toner powder to a sixth collection bin B6 and polyurethane via a third and a fourth auger 12.2 , a drying tower 12 , a fourth and fifth auger 12.4 . 12.5 and a second flap 15.2 preferably to a seventh container B7 and an eighth container B8 - which are designed advantageously as a big-bag filling .. The exhaust air from the cyclones 14.1 . 14.2 is about a filter 17 derived.

To the reaction space of the comminution device 3 is connected to a supply, not shown, for the inert gas and an exhaust for the released during the crushing of the first group of waste gases, and the supplied inert gas.

Furthermore, the temperature of the reaction space of the crushing device 3 adjustable to a preselected temperature range. When comminuting the first group of waste, it is advantageous if the temperature in the reaction chamber is 60-70 ° C., since this promotes the outgassing of the gases present in the foam (for example propellants such as CFCs).

For the shredding of electronic waste (second group of waste) is the second discharge opening 3.2 provided with a sieve, not shown. The continuous through the second discharge opening 3.2 and the sieve discharged shredded electronic waste is, for example via a screw hopper 3a continuously removed. By means of a second conveyor belt F2, firstly sorting out plastic parts into a ninth container B9 and printed circuit boards takes place to form a tenth container B10. This can be done manually or automatically with a separator. Over a third conveyor belt F3, as well as a third flap 15.3 Transport and sorting of the remaining material are carried out according to different processing paths. Thus, for example, remaining material from information and telecommunication devices, as well as consumer electronics also via the first conveyor belt F1 in the work area 9 passed, in which, as already described above, a magnetic metal separation takes place and the output is made in the container B1 to B4. Some Materials in the form of ferrous metals from information and telecommunication equipment and consumer electronics are not passed through the metal separation, but fed via the first conveyor belt F1 a magnetic separator M and from this one eleventh collecting container B11 and from this again the crushing device 3 fed, if in this z. As small household appliances, el. Tools, etc. are crushed.

About the third flap 15.3 Flap can be crushed waste material of the group 2 in the form of electronic scrap from small household appliances, electric tools, toys, sports and leisure products, medical products via the screw conveyor 12 to the zigzag sifter 13 be forwarded and over the first cyclone 14.1 and the first screw conveyor from which the plastics are supplied to the fifth collecting container B5 or via the second cyclone 14.2 and the first flap 15.1 light material are supplied to the sixth collecting container B6.

The in the crushing device 2 Resulting process air can advantageously via a process gas filter 10 be derived.

To the filter 17 closes a suction 18 for extracting the exhaust air. Furthermore, a twelfth container B12 for holding the filter 17 Trapped dust provided.

With the solution according to the invention, it is possible for the first time by means of one and the same comminution device 3 in the form of a Querstomzerspaners in separate running a first group of waste containing volatile substances (such as refrigerators and copiers, toner cartridges) and a second group of waste in the form of electronic waste (such as information and telecommunications equipment, small household appliances, electrical tools, toys , Sports and leisure products, monitoring and control instruments, medical products) into various material fractions (ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, plastics ...), which can then be recycled.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Task and dissecting line

2

conveyor

3

comminution device

3.1

first discharge opening

3.2

second discharge opening

3a

screw hopper

9

Working area for magnetic metal separation

9.1

vibrating conveyor

9.2

Magnetic separator

9.3

separators

10

Process gas filter

11

Puffersieb

12

Auger

12.1

first conveyor screw

12.2

second screw conveyor

12.3

third screw conveyor

12.4

fourth auger

12.5

fifth auger

13

Zigzag classifier

14.1

first cyclone

14.2

second cyclone

14.3

air classifier

15.1

first flap

15.2

second flap

15.3

third flap

16

drying tower

17

filter

18

suction

B1

first collection container

B2

second collecting container

B3

third collection container

B4

fourth collection container

B5

fifth collection container

B6

sixth collection container

B7

seventh collecting container

B8

eighth collection container

B9

ninth collection container

B10

tenth collecting container

B11

eleventh collecting container

B12

twelfth collecting container

F1

first conveyor belt

F2

second conveyor belt

F3

third conveyor belt

M

magnetic separators

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 10062947 B4 [0004]
• DE 10322624 B4 [0005]
• DE 10228471 B4 [0006]
• EP 1422000 A1 [0007]
• EP 2062645 A1 [0009]

Claims (8)

Querstromzerspaner for shredding waste, wherein a first group of waste contains volatile substances and a second group of waste electronic waste, the Querstromzerspaner having a housing provided with a reaction chamber in which a crushing device ( 2 ) is integrated for comminution of the first and the second group by mechanical action and wherein in the enclosure of the crushing device ( 2 ), at least one first discharge opening is arranged, wherein the first discharge opening for the comminution of the first group of waste during the crushing process is airtight and can be unlocked after completion of the crushing process is releasable, so that the discharge of the shredded waste of the first group is discontinuous feasible and that the at least one first discharge opening or at least one second discharge opening present in the housing for the comminution of the second group of waste is at least partially opened such that a continuous discharge of the comminuted waste of the second group of waste can be realized. Querstromzerspaner according to claim 1, characterized in that the first and if present the second discharge opening for the comminution of the first group of waste by means of a dummy plate is closed and that for the realization of the crushing of the second group of waste dummy plate is replaced by at least one sieve. Querstromzerspaner according to claim 3, characterized in that the pore size of the at least one screen for the comminution of electronic waste in the range of 50 mm to 250 mm. Querstromzerspaner according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the discharge of the reaction space is supplied to further separation devices. Querstromzerspaner according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the reaction space of the crushing device ( 2 ) is inertizable. Querstromzerspaner according to claim 5, characterized in that nitrogen is used as the inert gas. Querstromzerspaner according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the Querstromzerspaner has a cooling device by means of which the reaction space of the crushing device ( 2 ) is temperature controlled. Querstromzerspaner according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that on the reaction space an extraction for the resulting in the comminution of the waste of the first group gases can be connected and that thereafter a treatment device for the extracted gases can be connected.

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