DE10228471B4 - Crushing device for cooling appliance disposal - Google Patents

Abstract

Crushing device (1), in particular for crushing refrigerators,
with a comminution chamber (3), in which at least one blunt impact tool revolving in a lower region of the comminution chamber (3) is arranged for carrying out a comminuting process,
with a free flight and collision space formed in the comminuting space (3) above the tool (3),
with a drying device (24) which is connected to the comminution chamber (3) in order to draw off a gas stream from the comminution chamber (3), to dry it and to redirect it to the comminution chamber (3) for drying the millbase,
wherein the drying device (24) has an input line (27) leading from the comminution space (3) to a dryer (28) and an exit line (29) leading from the dryer (28) to the comminution space (3), to set a gas circulation path, and
with a blower (31) arranged in the gas circulation path.

Description

The The invention relates to a shredding device, in particular for shredding and complete Disassembly of refrigerators provided is.

at cooling appliance disposal is aimed at the solid, liquid and gaseous Materials that are contained in refrigerators are as complete and as possible to regain sorted purity. For this it is necessary to dissolve the material composites and chambers, vessels, pores etc., where fluid media are present.

In Built-in refrigerators, for heat insulation serving foams usually contain significant amounts of foaming agent, eg. CFC or Pentane. Furthermore can the refrigerator oil and CFC, Pentane or another refrigerant contain. When dismantling the refrigerator, these liquids are liquid and gases free. It is important to catch them by moving from a crushing room led out and be recorded separately.

It is from the EP 0606891 B1 known to disassemble refrigerators in a closed, rendered inert by nitrogen crushing space. For this purpose, a chain circulates around the bottom of the crushing chamber, which flings the cooling units and their fragments against each other in such a way that the fragments dissolve more and more. At the same time a complete pulverization of the existing polyurethane foam is achieved. The released CFCs are taken up by the nitrogen atmosphere of the crushing chamber, withdrawn and recorded separately.

The obtained material mixture consists of pieces of metal and chunks, plastic splinters and polyurethane powder caused by the attrition of refrigerants Polyurethane foam is formed. While large parts of the gaseous components are already outgassed from this material mixture, it still contains liquid Constituents that cause further material separation through screens, air stoves and air classifiers or similar difficult. The material mixture is therefore in a later process stage first dried. This process is relatively time consuming, which is why downstream Dryer sections, if they are not generously dimensioned, the Limit throughput of the plant.

From the DE 40 04 336 C1 a device for refrigeration recycling is known, which has a closed working space 1. This houses a shredding tool in the form of rotary shears, a downstream radiating device for separating foam and compact products, separators, a powder mill and a Brikettierpresse for the digested foam. From the briquetting press and an upstream fine filter an air stream is constantly withdrawn via a line, which is loaded with liberated chlorofluorocarbons. These are removed from the extracted air in a downstream separator. After this has passed an activated carbon filter, it is partially returned to the work space and partially discharged through a fireplace into the open.

The Milling of the components of the cooling units takes place in a multi-stage Process.

Of the the entire working space 1 detecting air circuit removes one huge Part of the released CFCs from the workspace.

From the DE 39 33 811 A1 discloses a method and apparatus for emission-free recovery of fluorocarbons from polyurethane foam. In this plant, process gas taken from a processing process is fed via a surge tank, a liquid separator and a filter drier to a compressor, which introduces the CFC-laden gas mixture into a cryogenic condenser. From the condenser escapes then only one of CFCs substantially liberated gas mixture that can be discharged.

From that Based on the object of the invention, a disposal system to create, which allows high throughput with little effort.

These The object is achieved with the crushing device according to claim 1.

The under claims FIGS. 2 to 15 further illustrate the subject matter of the invention.

The comminution device according to the invention has a comminution chamber to which a drying device is connected in order to build up a gas circulation, which leads gas out of the comminution chamber into the drying device and from the drying device back into the comminution chamber. In this way, condensation or other moisture contained in the refrigerators, almost completely, but at least sufficiently remove from the crushed material. The comminuted material is swirled around in the comminution space during the comminution process and thus has ample opportunity to dry in the existing atmosphere. The heat produced by the comminution leads to an increase in temperature in the comminution chamber to, for example, 60 ° C. to 80 ° C. (depending on the process control). This under supports the drying process. In this way, it is possible to produce a predried or completely dried comminution product, wherein it has been shown that the drying process proceeds sufficiently in the time required for comminution. Therefore, there is no bottleneck in the disposal plant as a result of the drying process. Thus, the disposal plant can be operated with the capacity that allows the shredding device. Large-dimensioned, costly and slow after-drying sections are eliminated. Drying takes place in the comminution space, where air, nitrogen or another gas present in the comminution space passes through the comminution space again and again in the circulation. The dryer belonging to the drying device extracts water from the circulated air or the inert gas circulated, for example by cooling, ie it is condensed out. For this purpose, the dryer has at least one cooling surface on which condenses the entrained water from the crushing chamber. The temperature of the cooling surface (s) is such that pentane or CFC does not condense. By cooling the air extracted from the crushing space or the inert gas is cooled below the dew point. After the condensed water has separated, the cooled air or the cooled inert gas has a relative humidity of 100. It can be returned to the crushing space in this state. The warming leads to a drastic reduction of the relative humidity, whereby the water absorption capacity again strongly increases. Thus, the shredding space is constantly supplied with water-absorptive gas or water-absorptive air, and moisture-laden air or moisture-laden gas is drawn off.

The Drying of the material begins with the beginning of comminution. This can increase the efficiency of comminution of the material, the complete pulverization dry Polyurethane foam parts is common faster and more effective than the pulverization of wet foams, the are soaked with condensation. This succeeds with the invention not only, a Nadelöhr downstream of the shredding, namely the Material drying, to eliminate but it also manages to accelerate material shredding, d. H. the capacity of the shredder to increase. This is especially true when a shredder in a the crushing space arranged, preferably above its lower bottom circumferential blunt impact tool is used being above the beat or Centrifugal tool is an empty space in which the of the Impact tool swirled parts collide with each other and themselves thereby dissolve. Such shredding devices are also referred to in practice as "Querstromzerspaner" Querstromzerspaner this or similar Type work preferably batchwise, d. H. it will be at the same time or one after the other one or more refrigerators in the crushing space given then a certain time, for example, two subject to three minutes in the comminution process. The process result is in the present case a dry, completely disintegrated and open-minded Comminution material.

The Cooling surface of the Drying device can by a chiller, by ambient air or cooled by other technical means to a temperature, in which the withdrawn from the crushing chamber air or a withdrawn inert gas distinguishes its dew point temperature. This is for example a temperature between 0 ° C and 10 ° C. Temperatures in this temperature range give a good drying effect.

Of the Gas circulation is preferably effected by a separate blower, the outside arranged the shredder and is independent of its work. The fan preferably produces a vertically directed in the crushing space Gas flow. It is sufficient thereby, if only a part of the crushing space is flowed through. The mode of action of the Querstromzerspaners with its violent material movement It brings with it that gradually all into the crushing room introduced Parts and fragments formed there through the area flowed through led the crushing room and thus dried. Thus, the crushing space contains at least one Drying zone, preferably in the upper region.

The circulating fan is preferably sized to recirculate the volume content of the crushing space twenty to fifty times per hour. In conventional Querstromzerspanern ranges here, for example, a gas circulation at 1000 m ³ / h. The gas flow and the Gasge speed is adjusted so that the crushed products are not entrained by the gas flow. In particular, the flow velocities caused by the gas circulation are less than a critical air velocity at which the produced polyurethane dust is entrained by the air. If the gas velocity should be set to a greater value, it is expedient to provide a dust separator at the gas sampling point. This may be a cyclone separator or a filter device. It may also satisfy calming sections, which have a large flow area to set a low gas velocity.

Preferably the gas sampling point is placed on the material feed chute. This avoids a carryover of comminution material and dust in the dryer.

Of the Material feed chute is preferably open on the input side, d. H. designed without air locks. To prevent gas exchange between the crushing room and the environment becomes the crushing room set to ambient pressure. Besides, constantly one can lower, quantitatively the gas circulation far below Gas stream can be taken from the crushing chamber to the in deduct the CFC released from the milling room. Free from CFCs Process gas can then be introduced into the material feed chute, such a defined flow profile with a directed into the crushing chamber flow to produce. Flow velocities are sufficient here of a few centimeters per second, calculated on the whole Cross section of the material feed shaft.

It may be appropriate between the crushing space and the drying device a heat exchangers vor to see that cools the process gas led out of the crushing space and the process gas introduced into the crushing space in countercurrent heated. Leave it the required cooling capacity of the dryer. Furthermore let yourself thereby slightly increase the process temperature in the crushing space and to improve the drying effect even more.

Of the heat exchangers may be separate from, or part of, the dryer.

In the drawing are embodiments of Invention illustrated. Show it:

1 a comminution device according to the invention, which is part of a cooling device disposal system, which is only partially shown, in a schematic representation,

2 a modified embodiment of the crushing device in a schematic representation and

3 a further modified embodiment of the shredding device in a schematic representation.

In 1 is a disposal facility 1 partially illustrated. An essential element of the disposal plant 1 is a shredder 2 , which is designed as Querstromzerspaner. It has an approximately cylindrical crushing space 3 on top of a cylindrical wall 4 surrounded by a vertical central axis. The height of the crushing room 3 is approximately equal to the diameter of the same. At a short distance above the flat ground 5 is a spin tool 6 arranged to accelerate the devices to be disposed of, or their fragments to a high speed, so that this material in the above the centrifugal tool 6 located free crushing space 3 rises. As a spin tool 6 is preferably a blunt impact tool. This can take the form of short chain stems 7 . 8th be formed on a hub 9 are attached. This is about a wave 11 with a drive device 12 connected via the hub 9 can be set in rotation.

Immediately to the ground 5 afterwards, is just above it in the wall 4 an opening formed, to which a discharge shaft 14 followed. This contains a controlled door, a slide, a flap or other organ to the exit from the crushing room 3 controlled to close or release. The discharge shaft 14 may also be provided with a bar screen to remove too much from the milling space 3 to prevent.

The discharge shaft leads to an intermediate buffer 15 that of the crusher 2 preferably collects material dispensed batchwise. The intermediate buffer fer 15 is a closed to the outside reservoir with preferably conical bottom. This opens down into an opening, to which a tamping pump 16 followed. This has an elongated cylinder with a stored therein and by a drive device 17 reciprocally driven piston on. The stuffing pump 16 leads from the intermediate buffer 15 removed material in portions of a screw conveyor 18 to which the material feeds to the next connected process stage. The screw conveyor 18 can also form a Ausgasestrecke in the existing CFC residues are released and removed. In addition, a post-drying of the material can take place. The screw conveyor 18 may be part of a conveyor screw consisting of several conveyor, the total in a gas cycle 19 is involved.

The crushing room 3 the crusher 2 is closed at the top, but here he is a task opening 21 having. At this closes a task shaft 22 on, about the crushed material, such as refrigerators, in the crushing space 3 be directed. The feed shaft 22 is open with respect to gas flows. It can be a swing flap 23 be hung up, the the feed shaft 22 so far shuts off that no material from the crushing room 3 in the hopper 22 is thrown. The pendulum flap 23 is ever but preferably not airtight - it closes with the wall of the feed shaft 22 each several centimeters wide column.

To the crusher 2 is a drying device 24 connected, which is integrated in a gas circulation. This is above the task opening 21 on the wall of the feed shaft located there 22 a gas sampling point 25 intended. This is for example by a dome 26 formed, if necessary, can be provided with Staubabscheidemitteln, such as seven filters or cyclone devices. To the cathedral 26 is an input line 27 connected, the gas from the crushing room 3 to the entrance of a dryer 28 leads. This serves to separate water from the via the input line 27 brought gas. From the dryer 28 leads an output line 29 to the suction connection of a blower 31 and from its output as another section 32 the output line 29 in the milling room 3 ,

The cable cross sections of the input line 27 and the output line 29 and the fan 31 as well as the dryer 28 are sized so that the internal volume of the crushing space 3 corresponding amount of gas per hour twenty to sixty times through the dryer 28 is directed. In a Querstromzerspaner conventional size, ie a diameter and a height of three to four meters, this results in a gas circulation of about 1000 m ³ / h.

The dryer 28 is formed by a vessel in whose interior one or more cooling surfaces, such as cooling coils 33 , are arranged. These are connected to a cooling device, for example a sole cooling device, a compression refrigerating machine or simply to a cooling water line. At its bottom, the dryer 28 an emptying opening, to which a conduit 34 connected. This will drain condensation from the dryer 28 led out.

While the gas extraction opening in the form of the dome 26 is arranged at the highest possible position, the gas supply opening to which the section 32 leads, approximately at middle height to the wall 4 be connected. Preferably, the corresponding gas feed opening is above the direct spin area of the spin tool 6 arranged. To avoid leaving fragments in the section 32 can be thrown into it, this can also be on an upper portion of the wall 4 be connected. By the strong of the spin tool 6 caused material movement is also called in the crushing space such an air movement caused that the amount of gas supplied largely independent of the position of the feed point in the crushing space 3 is distributed.

To the crushing room 3 is also a sampling line 35 connected, via the process gas from the crushing room 3 is led out. The sampling line 35 can be right on the wall 4 , to the cathedral 26 or to any other location of the gas circulation, for example to the input line 27 , to the dryer 28 or to the output line 29 be connected. The sampling line 35 leads to a cryocondensation device 36 , which preferably cools the extracted process air or the withdrawn process gas in several stages, so that water and especially CFC or another gas, such as pentane, are liquefied and separated. The so far from CFC and / or pentane released gas (nitrogen or air) is then over a line 37 the feed shaft 22 fed. This is done if possible in front of the pendulum flap 23 , allowing a controlled gas flow over the pipe 37 and the loading shaft 22 in the milling room 3 into it. Due to the flow and Druckgleichge weight is the suction of air in the crushing space 3 avoided. The about the sampling line 35 , the cryocondensation device 36 and the line 37 formed cycle, is preferably substantially smaller dimensions than the drying cycle. For example, the mass flow is only one fifth of the mass flow of the drying cycle, ie for example 200 m ³ / h.

For process monitoring and to prevent the formation of ignitable mixtures in the crushing space 3 At this is an oxygen probe 38 arranged, which is connected to a central control device. If the oxygen content exceeds a tolerance threshold of 5%, countermeasures are taken.

Not just the crusher 2 but also the gas cycle 19 are to a condensation device 39 connected. This can serve for the separation of remaining residual water. For the separation of CFCs, the condensation device 39 with the cryocondensation device 36 be connected. Serve two lines 41 . 42 , about the cryocondensation device 36 CFC or pentane loaded gas supplied and liberated gas in the condenser 39 is returned.

The disposal system described so far 1 works as follows:
In operation, the spin tool is running 6 from the drive device 12 driven around. About the loading shaft 22 Some, for example, two to three, cooling units in the crushing space 3 guided. This is filled with air or an inert gas such as nitrogen.

The in the crushing room 3 Guided devices are powered by the spin tool 6 Captured and accelerated so that they are above the spin tool 6 collide with each other. In the process, all connection points are gradually overloaded so that the devices disintegrate into their individual parts and the individual parts are further shredded as a result of the constant collisions. The insulating foam contained in the devices is exposed during this process and also crushed. After many years of operation, the insulating foam is usually saturated with condensation. In some cases he is really wet. The forming wet foam flakes fly with the remaining fragments as a cloud of material above the centrifugal tool 6 in the milling room 3 , Due to the friction, the collisions and the crushing work, an elevated temperature of, for example, 60 ° C or 70 ° C is established. Due to the elevated temperature and the large exposed surface of the foam constituents, this gives water to the air or nitrogen in the milling chamber 3 from. Via the input line 27 pulls the blower 31 constantly water-laden process gas (nitrogen or air) from the crushing chamber 3 and leads this to the dryer 28 to. Here comes the about 70 ° C warm air with the cooling coil 33 in contact and cool. It falls below its dew point and water is separated. The air thus freed from water is discharged via the outlet pipe 29 , the blower 31 and the section 32 in the milling room 3 recycled. The process gas heats up quickly here on the warm fragments flying around and absorbs water again, which is the dryer 28 leads to. When disassembling and crushing a batch of refrigerators (eg, two to three units) takes two to four minutes, about 100 m ^{3 of} process gas passes through the crushing room 3 guided. This is sufficient for almost complete drying of the polyurethane foam during its pulverization. The drying polyurethane foam can be powdered much better than wet polyurethane foam. Thus, a pre-dried or dry material mixture is discharged at the outlet of the Querstromzerspaners.

It is also about the sampling line 35 constantly process gas from the crushing room 3 deducted. The mass flow of this gas stream is about one fifth of the mass flow of the drying circuit of the drying device 24 , He leads via the cryocondensation device 36 , in which CFC or pentane or other volatile, released, substances to be detected are separated. The process gas purified to this extent is sent via the line 37 for rinsing in the feed shaft 22 and thus ultimately into the milling room 3 recycled. The sampling line 35 can to the output line 29 connected to the cryocondensation device 36 to feed as dry, cool process gas as possible.

In 2 is a modified embodiment of the disposal facility 1 illustrated. Based on the same reference numerals, the description of the disposal plant applies 1 accordingly for the disposal plant 1 to 2 , The differences are explained below: This consists of a heat exchanger 43 , over which the from the crushing room 3 Drained warm process gas with the from the dryer 28 coming cold process gas is brought in countercurrent heat exchange. The heat exchanger 43 is between the input line 27 and the output line 29 arranged. The fan 31 can with respect to the flow direction in front of or behind the heat exchanger 43 be arranged. This embodiment has the merit that for the dryer 28 required cooling capacity is lower and that the crushing space 3 less is cooled. At elevated process temperatures, however, the drying effect is better. This improves the heat exchanger 43 the drying effect in the Querstromzerspaner.

3 illustrates a further modified embodiment of the disposal plant 1 , The special feature here again lies in the design of the drying device 24 , In this are the heat exchanger 43 and the dryer 28 integrated into an aggregate. Incidentally, the above description applies to 2 based on the same reference numerals accordingly.

A disposal plant 1 which is particularly suitable for used refrigerators, has a crushing device 2 on, to which a drying device 24 connected. That in her crushing room 3 existing process gas is circulated to the drying device 24 and led back from this. This allows drying of the comminuted material during the digestion and comminution process. If as crushing device 2 a Querstromzerspaner application, the drying effect is very efficient, which can be eliminated by downstream in the process drying stages or substantially relieved. The drying process may also assist the comminution process so that the capacity of the cross flow shredder increases.

Claims (15)

Crushing device ( 1 ), in particular for crushing refrigerators, with a milling chamber ( 3 ), in which at least one in a lower region of the comminuting space ( 3 ) circumferential blunt impact tool is arranged, with a in the crushing space ( 3 ) above the tool ( 3 ) formed free flight and collision space, with a drying device ( 24 ) to the crushing room ( 3 ) is connected to the crushing space ( 3 ) to draw off a gas stream, this dry and the crushing space ( 3 ) for drying the millbase, the drying device ( 24 ) an input line ( 27 ) coming from the milling room ( 3 ) to a dryer ( 28 ), and an output line ( 29 ) provided by the dryer ( 28 ) to the crushing space ( 3 ) to define a gas circulation path, and with a arranged in the gas circulation path blower ( 31 ). Crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the dryer ( 28 ) at least one cooling surface ( 33 ) having. Crushing device according to claim 2, characterized in that the cooling surface ( 33 ) is cooled by a liquid cooling medium. Crushing device according to claim 3, characterized in that the cooling surface ( 33 ) is cooled to a temperature between 0 ° C and 10 ° C. Crushing device according to claim 2, characterized characterized in that the cooling surface of a gaseous one Medium cooled is. Crushing device according to claim 2, characterized characterized in that the cooling surface by ambient air chilled is. Crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the circulation path a heat exchanger ( 43 ) is arranged, which from the crushing space ( 3 ) discharged process gas with the crushing space ( 3 ) brings the process gas into heat exchange. Crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the drying device ( 24 ) to a gas sampling point ( 25 ) connected to the milling chamber ( 3 ) is connected to an upper area. Crushing device according to claim 8, characterized in that the comminuting space ( 3 ) a material feed chute ( 22 ), at which the gas sampling point ( 25 ) is arranged. Crushing device according to claim 9, characterized in that the material feed chute ( 22 ) is open on the input side. Crushing device according to claim 10 , characterized in that the material feed chute ( 22 ) has an air or gas feed point for supplying an air or gas stream, which the comminution space ( 3 ) flows in. Crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that from the crushing space ( 3 ) or the drying device ( 24 ) a sampling line ( 35 ), which leads to a cryogenic condensation plant ( 36 ) leads. Crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that at the crushing space ( 3 ) a gas supply point is arranged and that the gas supply point in a central region of the crushing space ( 4 ) is arranged. Crushing device according to claim 9 and 10, characterized in that the crushing space ( 3 ) is flowed through vertically. Crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the blower ( 31 ) has a conveying capacity which amounts to 20 to 60 times the volume content of the comminuting space per hour ( 3 ) is.