DE202011111006U1 - Absorbing structure - Google Patents

Abstract

An absorbent article, wherein the absorbent article is a feminine hygiene garment, baby diaper, baby pants or adult incontinence garment, the absorbent article comprising a liquid pervious topsheet, a liquid impervious backsheet and an absorbent structure disposed between the liquid pervious topsheet and the liquid impermeable backsheet, wherein the absorbent structure has longitudinal edges extending longitudinally of the absorbent article; wherein the absorbent structure (14) includes at least one backing layer (101) and at least one auxiliary layer (102) and absorbent material (110); wherein the backing layer and the auxiliary layer are joined by substantially permanent primary fasteners (111) and substantially temporary secondary fasteners (115); apart from the first fasteners and the second fasteners, there are also unfortified regions where there is substantially no attachment, bonding and / or bonding between the backing layer and the auxiliary layer, thereby providing compartments (130) in which the absorbent material is located; the primary fasteners being made of ultrasonic bonds, the primary fasteners having a plurality of attachment regions between the longitudinal edges in the form of Include lines that provide additional channels and wells that facilitate fluid transport from the point of fluid contact to the rest of the absorbent structure via mass flow, resulting in better and more extensive instantaneous fluid management over localized flows flow permitted; the lines being designed such that they do not allow liquid to be wholly directed to the side of the absorbent structures to prevent leakage some time after penetration.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to an absorbent structure having a high concentration of absorbent polymeric material in an integrated fluid management system, preferably for use in an absorbent product such as is used in the food industry (e.g., coffee pods), in the consumer goods industry (e.g. Disposable body warmer), in the household industry (eg laundry detergents), in construction and in construction (eg filter materials and insulation), in the beauty and medical industries (eg make-up pads, antiseptic wadding ) and in absorbent articles used in the personal care industry (e.g., feminine hygiene garments, baby diapers and pants, adult incontinence garments). The present invention also relates to an absorbent article having such an absorbent structure and a method and apparatus for making such an absorbent structure.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Disposable absorbent articles have an absorbent structure for absorbing body exudates, a soft liquid pervious topsheet on the wearer side and a liquid impermeable backsheet on the garment side. The absorbent structure therebetween is normally made of a blend of cellulosic fibers or other fibrous substance and an absorbent polymeric material. These fibrous substances typically make these absorbent articles quite fluffy and voluminous.

In recent years, there has been an increasing demand for flexible, thinner, lightweight absorbent structures to address various manufacturing, marketing, design, fit, wear comfort, distribution, waste management, material and energy consumption, transportation problems - And storage costs and the like to solve.

The most common method currently used to meet these requirements for disposable absorbent articles is to reduce the amount of cellulosic fibers or other support materials within and around the absorbent structure and / or to use larger amounts of absorbent polymeric materials. Thus, such absorbent articles have a lower level of hydrophilic cellulosic fibers and / or a higher level of absorbent polymeric materials. Some of these absorbent articles may be better at storing liquid, but they are not necessarily good at absorbing and distributing liquid when the absorbent article is actually used. It will be apparent from the above that the absolute and relative proportions of the fibrous material and the absorbent polymeric material are closely related in terms of the performance of the article. Therefore, there are limits to reducing the amount of hydrophilic cellulose fiber and reducing the thickness of absorbent cores.

Many efforts have been made to produce flexible, thin, lightweight absorbent structures consisting of a large amount of absorbent polymeric material. In order to obtain good absorption, distribution and retention within such absorbent structures, it has been found important to at least partially immobilize the absorbent material. Failure to provide sufficient structural integrity results in loss of functional performance such as, but not limited to, coherence, absorption, distribution, and / or retention, resulting in, for example, leaks, high rewet values, etc. On the other hand, however, the presence of this physical and / or chemical interaction between the absorbent material and the restrained material often also results in reduced absorption, distribution and / or retention performance. This is particularly the case when such flexible, thin, lightweight absorbent structures made of an absorbent polymeric material are sandwiched between multiple enveloping layers.

Thus, the greater level of absorbent polymeric materials and associated immobilization requirements for substantially cellulose-free absorbent articles can severely inhibit the absorption, distribution and / or retention of liquids if improperly handled. It will be understood that the absolute and relative proportions of the hydrophilic cellulosic fibers and the absorbent polymeric materials must be tightly controlled to maintain the absorbent properties of the absorbent structures. Certainly, reduced absorption rate and fluid distribution are common causes of failure. Also, because such absorbent personal care articles are generally disposable and in some cases must be worn for many hours, they require performance in a dry state as well as in a partially and completely exudate-laden state.

The Ability and Capacity of an Absorbent Polymeric Material to Absorb Liquid to disperse and hold depends on the shape, position and / or type in which the absorbent polymeric material is incorporated into the absorbent structure. Because many absorbent structures have a relatively homogeneous and continuous distribution of absorbent polymeric material and thus exhibit substantially homogeneous swelling, such absorbent layers may actually act as a liquid barrier for the second, third, and next liquid entry. This gel blocking occurs when the absorbent polymeric material disposed in the regions of the first contact begins to increase in volume as a result of the fluid soaking, thereby forming a hydrogel. Gel blocking in and adjacent a zone of the absorbent layer of the initial liquid contact prevents liquid from quickly dispersing or being diverted across the "blocking" material into the remainder of the absorbent layer, and then further fluid uptake by the absorbent layer over, e.g. Diffusion process must take place, which is much slower than the speed at which liquid is applied to the absorbent layer. In particular, when the concentrations of the absorbent polymeric material are absolute or relatively high and it is wetted, the hydrogel may prevent the initial and / or additional fluid from reaching other even more absorbent portions of the absorbent core, thereby resulting in unwanted, under-utilized or unused Absorption capacity leads. The reduced capacity leads to leaks long before the absorbent core is completely saturated.

Gel blocking even increases in thin, substantially cellulosic structures where the liquid finds little or limited macroscopic voids and / or spaces that can be used for temporary, interim, or final liquid storage. Also, the structural volume limitations of these absorbent structures result in further reduced absorption performance due to the limited swellability of the absorbent polymeric material, which increases the tendency for malfunction and leakage. To remedy this, designers of absorbent articles typically use additional side cuffs and take-up layers, which are expensive and inefficient and can only partially overcome these limitations. By not incompletely dispensing with the use of hydrophilic fiber materials in the vicinity of the use of absorbent polymeric materials, this problem can be partially solved, but it is clear that in such a case the absolute and relative proportions of the absorbent materials are unintentionally restricted and thus a Thickness reduction of the absorbent structure is not fully optimized.

Several attempts have been made to provide the above flexible, thinner, lightweight absorbent articles comprising from low-cellulose, substantially cellulosic to completely cellulose-free absorbent structures which have absolutely and / or relatively high levels of absorbent polymeric material over the rest combine absorbent materials: WO95 / 17868 , the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference into this application, discloses an absorbent structure comprising two fibrous layers and an intermediate layer comprising an absorbent polymeric material in an amount greater than 120 g / ^m2 and particles of a thermoplastic material. While this construction may provide good immobilization of the absorbent polymeric material in the dry state, it appears that only minor immobilization in the fluid-loaded state can be achieved. The thermoplastic material appears to stretch to a much lesser extent than the potential swelling of the absorbent polymeric materials. Therefore, the absorbent structure disclosed herein, particularly when the absorbent structure is to be used in an absorbent article to absorb and retain high levels of body exudates, for example in a diaper or pant, may not be fully satisfactory.

In addition, the fibrous filler increases the thickness and weight, reduces flexibility, and increases the cost and ecological footprint of the absorbent structure, which is highly unfavorable and undesirable.

The WO95 / 26209 , the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference into this application, describes an absorbent structure having a region containing absorbent polymeric material in high homogeneous and continuous amounts in the absence of any significantly fibrous carrier material, but which typically results in poor fluid management. By poor fluid management, it is meant that the regions of absorbent polymeric material have insufficient integrity in a dry, partially wet, and / or wetted state. As a result, physical continuity (and thus the ability to take up and transport fluids through interstitial cavities and capillaries) of the hydrogel formed upon swelling is substantially disturbed and altered in the presence of fluids, resulting in inadvertently separated hydrogel layers which have introduced gaps and have the areas that are distinct thinned and / or divided into several weaker segments. Obviously, minimizing or completely negating the coherence, permeability and flow conductivity properties of the absorbent structure results in very undesirable performance and unacceptable product failure.

The EP1447066 , the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference into this application, describes an absorbent structure for use in an absorbent article which aims to provide improved immobilization of absorbent polymeric material. There is disclosed an absorbent structure comprising a nonwoven substrate layer and a layer of thermoplastic material in the form of a hot melt adhesive that binds to the substrate layer to define a thermoplastic immobilizing tissue that accommodates the absorbent polymeric material. However, to adequately secure the absorbent material, a substantial amount of thermoplastic material must be used, which obviously results in much higher costs and unwanted stiffness and hardness, thereby reducing good product fit, comfort and discretion. The layer of thermoplastic material also exerts pressure due to its internal cohesion and provides resistance to the free and complete swelling and absorption capacity and thus the overall absorbent performance of the absorbent material. In addition, the very high levels of thermoplastic material result in physical and chemical shielding of the absorbent polymer materials from the fluids, resulting in inevitably reduced absorption, distribution and retention properties and, because of their unique use, a significant burden on society Industry and families in terms of economy, environmental impact and sustainability.

Therefore, such absorbent structures are considered unfavorable.

While the above attempts describe various approaches to various problems, it is believed that none of these absorbent structures result in very advantageous and efficient absorbent structures or articles. The inefficient use of the capacity of the absorbent material and complex manufacturing processes do not make any of the above absorbent articles economically, technically and / or ecologically advantageous. Therefore, there is still a need in the art for an improved thin, flexible, lightweight absorbent structure having high levels of absorbent polymeric material which overcomes the problems of the prior art and which is discrete, sustainable and / or relatively inexpensive, taking into account manufacture, marketing, design, fit, comfort, distribution, packaging, disposal, materials, energy, and transportation costs while maintaining the required fluid absorption, distribution, transport, coherence, and retention properties. There is also a need for a method and apparatus for producing such high speed, low energy and raw material consumption absorbent structures.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve one or more of the above problems, the invention has the features of claim 1.

Preferred embodiments are disclosed in the dependent claims.

As a result of extensive research concerning the above-identified, derived and related problems, the inventor has found that substantially cellulose-free absorbent structures have the absorbent polymeric material over initially smaller pockets (preferably more in quantity compared to later subjects) and subsequently continuously immobilizing larger compartments (preferably less in amount compared to the initial pockets), allowing excellent fluid management with respect to the available absorbent polymeric material in the dry, partially and fully liquid loaded condition. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the absorbent structures of the present invention provide excellent fluid management of the absorbent polymeric material by providing a plurality of initial smaller pockets that sufficiently immobilize dry absorbent polymer clusters, thereby avoiding unwanted migration and movement thereof when dry; whereas, during liquid acquisition and expansion of the absorbent polymeric materials, the absorbent structure swells unevenly by gradually unfolding the pockets and uniting them into smaller and larger compartments which immobilize the wet absorbent polymeric materials, thereby avoiding excessive wet interference or restriction; This advantageously provides internal fluid management as well as an external fluid management surface structure.

Such increases in the volume of the absorbent structure are preferably the result of temporary secondary attachment patterns, for example, consisting of ultrasonic bonds, preferably in combination with the substantially permanent primary attachment patterns, which are also made, for example, by ultrasonic bonds that allow the release of larger volumes from the original smaller volumes by detachment of the secondary attachments. In an alternative embodiment, however, the increases in the volume of the absorbent structure are the result of the use of flexible, extensible, elastic, stretchable and / or elastomeric materials, such as elastic, non-woven and / or fragile materials, such as semi-rigid, rigid and or stiff paper or fabric, which allows for additional expansion and / or breakup to larger volumes.

In a preferred embodiment, the absorbent structure immobilizes, holds and / or stores the particulate material and the fasteners seal, bind and / or join together at least a portion of the outer layers by ultrasonic bonding, thermal bonding, pressure bonding and / or adhesive bonding means. These fasteners preferably form and / or define pockets that may contain particulate material, the attachment areas substantially and preferably not including particulate material. Preferably, the absence of excess or complete elimination of synthetic immobilizing admixtures (e.g., adhesives and binders such as thermoplastic adhesives and fabrics) used to cover, retain, or bond absorbent polymers makes the structure very advantageous technically, environmentally, and economically , However, in an alternative embodiment, the composite structure is covered with such thermoplastic materials, sizes, binders, and / or adhesives to encase, encapsulate, bind, and / or bond to one or more layers and / or sandwich between one or more layers of particulate material clusters fix. Additional materials and / or layers that provide additional functional and / or structural benefits such as strength, containment, absorption, distribution, transport, retention, etc. may also be incorporated.

In a preferred embodiment, a substantially cellulose-free absorbent structure is provided comprising a backing layer, an auxiliary layer, and an absorbent polymeric material therebetween, wherein the backing layer and the auxiliary layer are secured by fasteners formed from substantially permanent primary attachment laths and / or substantially temporary secondary lathes Mounting patterns are at least partially interconnected to form a sandwich composite structure containing pattern deposited particulate absorbent polymeric materials provided in at least some of the unattached areas between the backing layer and the auxiliary layer and forming an absorbent polymeric material area; several smaller pockets, which are formed by at least substantially temporary secondary fasteners, delimit spaces containing the available dry volume of the absorbent n polymer material, with the substantially temporary secondary attachment gradually dissolving as a result of exposure of the surrounding absorbent polymeric material to liquidation to gradually increase to an intermediate volume with smaller and medium sized compartments immobilizing the partially wetted absorbent polymeric material; to end up in even fewer maximum size compartments that immobilize the wetted absorbent polymeric material to obtain continuous fluid management.

In a preferred embodiment, there is provided a method of making an absorbent structure comprising: providing a backing layer, covering the backing layer with an absorbent material, covering the absorbent material with an auxiliary layer connectable to the backing layer; and securing, in at least one position, the auxiliary layer substantially temporarily and / or substantially permanently to the carrier layer, and by means of at least substantially secondary secondary fixings, demarcating a small pocket in which dry absorbent material is immobilized such that by a gradual Release of substantially temporary secondary attachment patterns larger intermediate and end compartments are provided, whereby the absorbent material is continuously immobilized from dry to wetted state.

In another aspect, the invention provides an absorbent article comprising an absorbent structure as provided by the invention. In another aspect, the present invention provides a method and apparatus for making such an absorbent structure.

As also described in EP Priority Application 10447020.8, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference into this application, an absorbent sandwich structure is provided which comprises a distribution layer having an absorbent capacity and an immobilization layer which joins the distribution layer to provide compartments therebetween delineate those containing intermediate absorbent material. In particular, an absorbent comprises A structure for use in an absorbent article comprises a distribution layer having an absorption capacity of at least about 5 g / m ² , an immobilization layer connected to the distribution layer to define compartments therebetween, and an absorbent material held in at least one of the compartments. wherein the absorbent material comprises an absorbent polymeric material and absorbent fibrous material comprising an amount of from 0 to less than about 40 weight percent based on the weight of the absorbent polymeric material. In particular, the absorbent structure provides an increased fluid exchange structure that effects better adsorption and dispersion in and between the pockets of the absorbent polymeric material due to the additional transporting action and mass flow of liquids through the distribution layer, limiting gel blocking, reducing rewet, and minimizing leakage is, has. It also provides a method and apparatus for producing such high speed, high speed absorbent structures with low energy and raw material consumption.

As also described in EP Priority Application 10447021.6, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference into this application, an absorbent sandwich structure is provided which comprises a substantially liquid-impermeable transport layer and an immobilization layer which joins the transport layer to define compartments therebetween containing intermediate absorbent material. In particular, an absorbent structure for use in an absorbent article comprises a substantially liquid-impermeable transport layer and an immobilization layer joined to the substantially liquid-impermeable transport layer to define intermediate compartments and an absorbent material held in at least one of the compartments. wherein the absorbent material comprises an absorbent polymeric material and a fibrous material comprising an amount of from 0 to less than about 40 weight percent based on the weight of the absorbent polymeric material. The substantially liquid-impermeable transport layer allows unbonded liquids such as water, urine, and / or other body exudates to spread more easily, allowing for better distribution and transportation to wet the sides and bottoms of the absorbent polymeric materials in the pockets. It ensures lower rewet values, less leakage and less surface moisture for increased reliability of the overall structure. It also provides a method and apparatus for producing such high speed, high speed absorbent structures with low energy and raw material consumption.

As also described in EP Priority Application 10447022.4, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference into this application, an absorbent sandwich structure is provided comprising a backing layer, an auxiliary layer and an intervening absorbent particulate therebetween, wherein substantially primary fasteners and substantially secondary fasteners join the backing layer and the auxiliary layer, with the secondary fasteners being released as a result of wetting the absorbent structure with liquid while the primary fasteners remain substantially intact. It also provides a method and apparatus for producing such high speed, high speed absorbent structures with low energy and raw material consumption.

As also described in EP Priority Application 10447023.2, the contents of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference, there is provided an absorbent sandwich structure comprising a backing layer, an auxiliary layer and an intermediate absorbent material therebetween, wherein substantially permanent primary fasteners and substantially temporary secondary fasteners join the backing layer and the auxiliary layer, whereby the absorbent structure is configured to inhomogeneously swell with liquid as a result of wetting the absorbent structure to form a liquid-directing surface structure. It also provides a method and apparatus for producing such high speed, high speed absorbent structures with low energy and raw material consumption.

As also described in EP Priority Application 10447024.0, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference into this application, a method and apparatus for producing a sandwich-like structure is provided by depositing particulate material in a desired pattern on a moving support layer. In particular, there is provided a method for depositing particulate matter in a desired pattern on a moving support layer that provides a clustering device having perforations corresponding to a desired pattern, the clustering device being driven in the same direction and in close proximity to the moving support layer supplying a particulate material stream from a particulate matter supply means and passing the particulate material stream through the particulate material stream Cluster generating device directed to the carrier layer. Preferably, the particulate materials are clustered over the inlet regions of the perforations and released via the outlet regions of the clustering devices. The method enables the accurate formation of a predetermined pattern of particulate matter clusters at high production speed, with reduced raw material consumption and relatively low cost. It also provides the improved thin, flexible, lightweight particulate material-containing absorbent structures having discretely deposited particulate matter clusters thereon, supplemented with an auxiliary layer, such as non-woven, woven, paper, thermoplastic, and the like, and / or secured with attachment means, such as, for example Glue, bonds, joints and the like, with particulate material clusters immobilized relatively therebetween to obtain a sandwich structure useful in the form of an absorbent structure.

As also described in EP Priority Application 10447027, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference into this application, a method and apparatus for producing a sandwich-like structure is provided by positioning particulate material in a desired pattern on a moving support layer. In particular, there is provided a method of positioning particulate material in a desired pattern on a moving support layer that provides a first material, an intermediate material, and a second material, wherein prior to bonding the first material to the second material, distributing the interspaced particulate material therethrough an air flow is changed. In a preferred embodiment, the intermediate particulate material is provided substantially homogeneously on the first material prior to applying the positioning airflow. If the intermediate material in the attachment area is undesirable, the method describes the use of airflows created by blowing and / or suction holes to remove the intermediate material from the attachment area prior to or during bonding resulting in improved and controllable attachment properties , This increases the quality of the attachment and the energy or material usage. It also provides improved thin, flexible, lightweight absorbent particle structures.

The product, method and apparatus according to preferred embodiments of the invention result in highly valued thin, flexible and / or light absorbent structures which are economically, environmentally, technically and / or economically advantageous, not least because they can be used without the need for substantial and voluminous amounts of fibrous absorbent materials such as lint and pulp (allowing "fiber free" claims) and do not use substantial and expensive amounts of size, binder, adhesive and / or other thermoplastic materials (which is "adhesive free" advertising). allowed). This is unprecedented in the prior art.

1. 1. Eine im wesentlichen zellulosefreie absorbierende Struktur, die eine Trägerschicht, eine Hilfsschicht und ein absorbierendes Polymermaterial dazwischen umfasst, wobei die Trägerschicht und die Hilfsschicht durch Befestigungen, die aus im Wesentlichen permanenten primären Befestigungsgittern und/oder aus im Wesentlichen temporären sekundären Befestigungsmustern bestehen, zumindest teilweise miteinander verbunden sind, um eine sandwichartige Verbundstruktur zu bilden, die in Mustern abgelagerte teilchenförmige absorbierende Polymermaterialien enthält, die in wenigstens einigen der nicht befestigten Bereiche zwischen der Trägerschicht und der Hilfsschicht vorgesehen sind und die einen absorbierenden Polymermaterialbereich bilden, wobei die kleineren Taschen, die durch zumindest im Wesentlichen temporäre sekundäre Befestigungen gebildet sind, Räume abgrenzen, die das verfügbare trockene Volumen des absorbierenden Polymermaterials immobilisieren, wobei sich die im Wesentlichen temporäre sekundäre Befestigung als Folge der Benetzung des umgebenden absorbierenden Polymermaterials allmählich ablöst, um allmählich eine Erhöhung zu einem Zwischenvolumen mit weniger und mittelgroßen Fächern entstehen zu lassen, die das teilweise befeuchtete absorbierende Polymermaterial immobilisieren, und in noch weniger Fächern maximaler Größe zu enden, die das benetzte absorbierende Polymermaterial immobilisieren, um ein kontinuierliches Fluidmanagement zu erhalten.
2. 2. Eine absorbierende Struktur nach Klausel 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ihre im Wesentlichen permanenten primären Befestigungen derart vorgesehen sind, um in Kombination mit der im Wesentlichen temporären sekundären Befestigung die anfänglichen kleinen Taschen zu bilden, die im Wesentlichen intakt bleiben.
3. 3. Eine absorbierende Struktur nach einer der obigen Klauseln, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das im Wesentlichen permanente primäre Befestigungsgitter und/oder das im Wesentlichen temporäre sekundäre Befestigungsmuster im Wesentlichen über den Großteil der Oberfläche des absorbierenden Polymermaterialbereichs verteilt ist.
4. 4. Eine absorbierende Struktur nach einer der obigen Klauseln, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die absorbierende Struktur inhomogen quillt, um eine Flüssigkeitsmanagementoberflächenstruktur aufgrund der Ablösung der im Wesentlichen temporären sekundären Befestigungen zu bilden.
5. 5. Eine absorbierende Struktur nach einer der obigen Klauseln, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die absorbierende Struktur inhomogen quillt, um eine Flüssigkeitsmanagementoberflächenstruktur aufgrund eines allmählichen Quellens des absorbierenden Polymermaterialbereichs zu bilden.
6. 6. Eine absorbierende Struktur nach einer der obigen Klauseln, wobei die Befestigungen zumindest teilweise über einen mechanischen, thermischen, physikalischen, chemischen, thermomechanischen und/oder am bevorzugtesten einen Ultraschallprozess gebildet sind.
7. 7. Eine absorbierende Struktur nach einer der obigen Klauseln, wobei mindestens einige oder alle der im Wesentlichen permanenten primären Befestigungen und/oder der im Wesentlichen temporären sekundären Befestigungen mit mindestens einem Klebstoff oder Bindemittel als Befestigungsmedium ausgebildet sind.
8. 8. Eine absorbierende Struktur nach einer der obigen Klauseln, wobei die im Wesentlichen permanenten primären Befestigungen und/oder die im Wesentlichen temporären sekundären Befestigungen unterschiedliche Positionen, Größen und/oder Formen aufweisen.
9. 9. Eine absorbierende Struktur nach einer der obigen Klauseln, wobei mindestens 80% des absorbierenden Materials absorbierendes Polymermaterial ist.
10. 10. Eine absorbierende Struktur nach einer der obigen Klauseln, wobei die absorbierende Struktur in dem Bereich des absorbierenden Polymermaterials im Durchschnitt mindestens eine Tasche pro 0,10 cm², vorzugsweise eine pro 0,50 cm², vorzugsweise eine pro etwa 1 cm²; vorzugsweise eine pro etwa 2,5 cm², vorzugsweise eine pro etwa 5 cm² und/oder wenigstens ein Fach pro etwa 5 cm², vorzugsweise eines pro etwa 10 cm², vorzugsweise eines pro etwa 20 cm², vorzugsweise eines pro etwa 30 cm², vorzugsweise eines pro etwa 45 cm² hat.
11. 11. Eine absorbierende Struktur nach einer der obigen Klauseln, wobei zumindest einige oder alle der im Wesentlichen permanenten primären Befestigungen und/oder der im Wesentlichen temporären sekundären Befestigungen eine mittlere Oberflächengröße von mindestens 0,3 mm², vorzugsweise mindestens 0,5 mm², vorzugsweise mindestens 1,0 mm² und bevorzugter mindestens 3,0 mm² haben.
12. 12. Eine absorbierende Struktur nach einer der obigen Klauseln, wobei die absorbierende Struktur einen Biegewiderstand von weniger als 500,0 Gramm, bevorzugter weniger als 250,0 Gramm, und besonders bevorzugt weniger als etwa 175,0 Gramm und am meisten bevorzugt weniger als 130,0 Gramm oder 100,0 Gramm besitzt.
13. 13. Eine absorbierende Struktur nach einer der obigen Klauseln mit einer feuchten Immobilisierung von mehr als 50 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise mehr als 60 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise mehr als 7 Gew.-%, bevorzugter mehr als 80 Gew.-%.
14. 14. Ein absorbierender Artikel, umfassend eine absorbierende Struktur nach einer der obigen Klauseln, wobei der absorbierende Artikel ein Damenhygienekleidungsstück, Babywindel, Babyhöschen oder Inkontinenzkleidungsstück für Erwachsene ist.
15. 15. Ein absorbierender Artikel, der eine flüssigkeitsdurchlässige Deckschicht, eine flüssigkeitsundurchlässige Unterschicht und eine flüssigkeitsabsorbierende absorbierende Struktur aufweist, die zwischen der flüssigkeitsdurchlässigen Deckschicht und der flüssigkeitsundurchlässigen Unterschicht nach einer der obigen Klauseln 1 bis 13 angeordnet ist.
16. 16. Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer absorbierenden Struktur nach einer der obigen Klauseln 1 bis 13, umfassend: Bereitstellen einer Trägerschicht, Bedecken der Trägerschicht mit einem absorbierenden Material, Bedecken des absorbierenden Materials mit einer Hilfsschicht, die mit der Trägerschicht verbindbar ist; und Befestigen, in mindestens einer Position, der Hilfsschicht im Wesentlichen temporär und/oder im Wesentlichen dauerhaft an der Trägerschicht, und mittels zumindest im Wesentlichen temporärer sekundärer Befestigungen derartiges Abgrenzen einer kleinen Tasche, in der trockenes absorbierendes Material immobilisiert ist, dass durch eine allmähliche Freisetzung von im Wesentlichen temporären sekundären Befestigungsmustern größere Zwischen- und Endfächer vorgesehen werden, wodurch das absorbierende Material kontinuierlich vom trockenen zum benetzten Zustand immobilisiert wird.

Further embodiments of the invention have the features of one of the following clauses:

1. A substantially cellulosic absorbent structure comprising a backing layer, an auxiliary layer and an absorbent polymeric material therebetween, wherein the backing layer and the auxiliary layer are at least provided by fasteners consisting of substantially permanent primary attachment lattices and / or substantially temporary secondary attachment patterns are partially interconnected to form a sandwich composite structure containing patterned particulate absorbent polymeric materials provided in at least some of the unattached regions between the backing layer and the auxiliary layer and forming an absorbent polymeric material region, the smaller pockets, the are formed by at least substantially temporary secondary fasteners, delimiting spaces which immobilize the available dry volume of the absorbent polymeric material, which substantially ■ Gradually peel off temporary secondary fixation as a result of wetting of the surrounding absorbent polymeric material to gradually increase to an intermediate volume with fewer and mid-sized compartments that immobilize the partially wetted absorbent polymeric material and terminate in even fewer maximum size compartments immobilize the wetted absorbent polymeric material to obtain a continuous fluid management.
2. An absorbent structure according to clause 1, characterized in that its substantially permanent primary fasteners are provided so as to form, in combination with the substantially temporary secondary fastener, the initial small pockets which remain substantially intact.
3. An absorbent structure according to any of the above clauses, characterized in that the substantially permanent primary attachment grid and / or the substantially temporary secondary attachment pattern substantially over the majority of Surface of the absorbent polymer material region is distributed.
4. An absorbent structure according to any one of the above clauses, characterized in that the absorbent structure swells inhomogeneously to form a liquid management surface structure due to the detachment of the substantially temporary secondary fasteners.
5. 5. An absorbent structure according to any one of the above clauses, characterized in that the absorbent structure swells inhomogeneously to form a liquid management surface structure due to a gradual swelling of the absorbent polymeric material portion.
6. 6. An absorbent structure according to any of the above clauses, wherein the fasteners are at least partially formed by a mechanical, thermal, physical, chemical, thermomechanical and / or most preferably ultrasonic process.
7. 7. An absorbent structure according to any one of the above clauses, wherein at least some or all of the substantially permanent primary fasteners and / or the substantially temporary secondary fasteners are formed with at least one adhesive or binder as attachment medium.
8. 8. An absorbent structure according to any one of the above clauses, wherein the substantially permanent primary fasteners and / or the substantially temporary secondary fasteners have different positions, sizes and / or shapes.
9. 9. An absorbent structure according to any one of the above clauses, wherein at least 80% of the absorbent material is absorbent polymeric material.
10. 10. An absorbent structure according to any one of the above clauses, wherein the absorbent structure in the region of the absorbent polymeric material has on average at least one pocket per 0.10 cm ² , preferably one per 0.50 cm ² , preferably one per about 1 cm ² ; preferably one per about 2.5 cm ² , preferably one per about 5 cm ² and / or at least one pocket per about 5 cm ² , preferably one per about 10 cm ² , preferably one per about 20 cm ² , preferably one per about 30 cm ² , preferably one per about 45 cm ² .
11. 11. An absorbent structure according to any one of the above clauses, wherein at least some or all of the substantially permanent primary fasteners and / or the substantially temporary secondary fasteners have an average surface area of at least 0.3 mm ² , preferably at least 0.5 mm ² , preferably at least 1.0 mm ² and more preferably at least 3.0 mm ² .
12. 12. An absorbent structure according to any one of the above clauses, wherein the absorbent structure has a flexural resistance of less than 500.0 grams, more preferably less than 250.0 grams, and more preferably less than about 175.0 grams, and most preferably less than 130 , 0 grams or 100.0 grams.
13. 13. An absorbent structure according to one of the above clauses with a wet immobilization of more than 50% by weight, preferably more than 60% by weight, preferably more than 7% by weight, more preferably more than 80% by weight.
14. 14. An absorbent article comprising an absorbent structure according to any one of the above clauses, wherein the absorbent article is a feminine hygiene garment, baby diaper, baby panties or adult incontinence garment.
15. 15. An absorbent article comprising a liquid-permeable cover layer, a liquid-impermeable backsheet and a liquid-absorbent absorbent structure disposed between the liquid-permeable cover layer and the liquid-impermeable backsheet according to any one of clauses 1 to 13 above.
16. 16. A method of making an absorbent structure according to any one of clauses 1 to 13, comprising: providing a backing layer, covering the backing layer with an absorbent material, covering the absorbent material with an auxiliary layer connectable to the backing layer; and securing, in at least one position, the auxiliary layer substantially temporarily and / or substantially permanently to the carrier layer, and by means of at least substantially secondary secondary fixings, demarcating a small pocket in which dry absorbent material is immobilized by gradual release of substantially temporary secondary attachment patterns, larger intermediate and end compartments are provided whereby the absorbent material is continuously immobilized from the dry to the wetted state.

list of figures

• 1 AD provide schematic cross-sectional views of absorbent structures according to embodiments of the invention.
• 2 provides a schematic plan view of an absorbent structure according to an embodiment of the invention.
• 3 provides a schematic plan view of an absorbent structure in a partially wet state according to one embodiment of the invention, showing substantially permanent primary fasteners; and the gradual release by the still connected and already relaxed temporary secondary fortifications.
• 4 provides a schematic plan view of differently arranged and sized clusters of absorbent material according to one embodiment of the invention.
• 5 provides schematic top views of an absorbent structure according to an embodiment of the invention showing various cluster patterns.
• 6 AB provide schematic top views of absorbent structures according to one embodiment of the invention in the intact (A) and dissolved (B) states.
• 7 FIG. 12 provides a schematic plan view of an absorbent structure according to one embodiment of the present invention illustrating a built-in gradual expansion through primary attachment grids and secondary attachment patterns. FIG.
• 8th FIG. 4 provides a schematic cross-sectional view of a graded expansion dry absorbent structure in accordance with one embodiment of the invention. FIG.
• 9 FIG. 12 provides a schematic cross-sectional view of a moistened absorbent structure with gradual expansion according to one embodiment of the invention. FIG.
• 10 AB provide a schematic plan view of the absorbent structures according to the invention, in the dry state with a plurality of smaller pockets (A) and in the wet state with fewer and larger compartments (B).
• 11 provides a schematic representation of the manufacturing process of absorbent structures according to the invention.
• 12 Figure 10 is a plan view of a diaper as a preferred embodiment of an absorbent structure according to the invention with the topsheets partially cut away.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to an absorbent structure for use in absorbent products such as coffee pods, disposable body warmers, laundry detergents, filter material, insulating material, make-up pads, antiseptic wadding, and preferably personal care absorbent articles such as, but not limited to Feminine hygiene garments, baby diapers and pants, adult incontinence garments, various absorbent holders, insoles, towels, inserts and the like; and to a method and its production.

Unless defined otherwise, all terms used to disclose the invention, including technical and scientific terms, have the meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. As a further guide, terminology is included to better understand the teachings of the present invention.

As used herein, the following terms have the following meanings:

As used herein, "an", "an" and "the", as used herein, refer to both the singular and the plural, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. For example, "a subject" refers to one or more than one subject.

As used herein, "about" refers to a measurable value such as a parameter, an amount, a duration of time, and the like, and is intended to be variations of +/- 20% or less, preferably +/- 10% or less, more preferably +/- 5% or less, more preferably +/- 0.1% or less, of the specified value, where such variations are suitable to be carried out with the disclosed invention. However, it is to be understood that the value to which the modifier "about" refers is itself expressly disclosed.

"Absorbent article", "absorbent garment" and the like, as used herein, are used interchangeably and refer to devices that absorb and contain body exudates and, in particular, refer to devices that are placed on or near the body of the body Carrier to absorb and hold the various fluids discharged from the body. Absorbent articles include but are not limited to limited: feminine hygiene garments, baby diapers and pants, adult incontinence garments, various diaper and trouser holders, insoles, towels, absorbent inserts, and the like.

"Absorbent core" as used herein refers to a three-dimensional part of the absorbent structure that includes liquid-absorbent material that is useful to absorb and / or retain body exudates.

"Absorbent component" as used herein refers to a structural component of an absorbent structure, e.g. B. a piece of absorbent core, such as one of several pieces in a multi-part absorbent core.

"Absorbent element" as used herein refers to a portion of a functional component of an absorbent structure, e.g. A liquid acquisition layer, a liquid distribution layer or a liquid storage layer formed of a material or materials having specific liquid handling properties suitable for the specific function.

"Absorbent insert" as used herein refers to a device that is suitable for insertion into an absorbent article and serves as an absorbent structure when so utilized.

"Absorbent layer" as used herein refers to a term relating to a discrete, identifiable sheet-like or web-like element of an absorbent structure which may be detached and relatively moveable with respect to another such element or may be attached or bonded so that it remains permanently connected to another such element. Each absorbent layer may itself comprise a laminate or a combination of several layers, sheets and / or fabrics of similar or different compositions.

"Absorbent polymeric material", "absorbent gelling material", "AGM", "superabsorbent", "superabsorbent material", "superabsorbent polymer", "SAP" and the like, as used herein, are used interchangeably and refer to any suitable particulate material (e.g. flaky, particulate, granular or powdery) or fibrous crosslinked polymer materials capable of absorbing at least 5 times and preferably at least about 10 times or more of their weight of 0.9% aqueous saline, as measured using the centrifuge retention capacity test (U.S. EDANA 441.2 - 01 ).

"Absorbent polymeric material region" as used herein refers to the region of the absorbent structure in which adjacent layers are separated by a plurality of absorbent polymeric materials. Random contact areas between these adjacent layers within the area of absorbent particulate polymeric material may be intentional (e.g., bond areas) or inadvertent (e.g., manufacturing artifacts).

"Absorbent particulate polymer material" as used herein refers to an absorbent polymeric material that is in particulate form, such as powders, granules, flakes, and the like, so that it is flowable when dry.

"Absorbent structure" as used herein refers to those elements of an absorbent article that comprise a material or combination of materials that are capable of absorbing, distributing, and retaining body exudates.

"Absorption," as used herein, refers to the process of picking up a liquid in a material.

"Receiving layer", "receiving area", "receiving surface" or "receiving material" and the like, as used herein, refers to a layer having a faster liquid receiving capacity.

"Absorbency" is the ability of a material to absorb fluids in a variety of ways, including capillary, osmotic, solvent, chemical, or other effects.

"Adult incontinence garments" as used herein refers to absorbent articles intended to be worn by incontinent adults to receive and hold body exudates.

"Adhesion" as used herein refers to the force that holds together various materials at their interface.

"Adhesive" as used herein refers to a material that may or may not be flowable in solution or upon heating, and that is used to bond materials together.

"Adsorption" as used herein refers to the process of picking up a liquid from the surface of a material.

"Air laying" as used herein refers to forming a web by dispersing fibers or particles in an air stream and condensing them from the air stream onto a moving screen by means of a pressure or a vacuum; a fibrous web made by air laying is referred to herein as "air laid"; an airlaid web joined by one or more techniques to provide fabric integrity is referred to herein as an "airlaid nonwoven web".

Bulk density, as used herein, refers to the grammage of the sample divided by the total volume with appropriate unit conversions incorporated therein. The bulk density used here has the unit g / cm ³ .

"Attach," "fastened," and "fastened" as used herein are synonymous with their counterparts of the terms "fasten," "fix," "secure," "bind," "unite," and "connect."

"Baby diaper" as used herein refers to absorbent articles intended to be worn by children to absorb and contain body exudates, and which the user pulls up between the legs and attaches around the waist of the wearer.

"Baby pants" as used herein refers to absorbent articles that are marketed for the use of children during the diaper to underwear transition and are intended to cover the lower torso of children, to absorb and absorb body exudates, wherein the article is generally fashioned like an underpants garment and made with a closed waist enclosing portion, thereby eliminating the need for the user to fasten the article around the wearer's waist.

"Back area" as used herein refers to the portion of an absorbent article or portion thereof that is to be positioned near the back of a wearer.

"Back support" as used herein refers to a fabric or other material that supports and reinforces the back of a product.

"Grammage" means the weight per unit area of a sample reported in grams per square meter, g / m ² or g / m ^2.

"Body exudates", "excretions of the body", "body fluids", "fluids of the body", "body outlets", "body effluents", "liquids" and the like, as used herein, are used interchangeably and refer to, but are not limited to urine, blood, vaginal discharge, breast milk, sweat and stool.

"Binders", "adhesives", "size", "resins", "plastics" and the like, as used herein, are used interchangeably and refer to substances which are generally in solid form (eg powder, Film, fiber) or as a foam or in liquid form (eg emulsion, dispersion, solution) and used for example by impregnation, spraying, printing, foaming and the like, and for fixing or bonding functional and / or structural components, elements and materials used, eg by heat and / or pressure sensitive adhesives, hot melt, heat activated adhesives, thermoplastic materials, chemically activated adhesives / solvents, curable materials, and the like.

"Adhesive strength" as used herein refers to the strength of adhesion between bonded surfaces. It is a measure of the effort required to separate a layer of material from the base to which it is bound.

"Capillary action", "capillarity" or "capillary movement" and the like, as used herein, are used to refer to the phenomena of liquid flow through porous media.

"Chassis" as used herein refers to a basic component of an absorbent article on which the remainder of the structure of the article is constructed or layered, e.g. For example, in a diaper, the structural elements, such as a backsheet, a topsheet, or a combination of those that give the diaper the form of briefs or pants when designed to be worn.

"Cellulosic fibers" as used herein refers to naturally occurring cellulosic fibers such as cotton, linen, etc .; Pulp fibers are an example of cellulosic fibers; Synthetic fibers derived from cellulose, such as regenerated cellulose (rayon) or partially or fully acetylated cellulose derivatives (e.g., cellulose acetate or triacetate) are also considered cellulosic fibers.

"Cluster" or the like as used herein refers to agglomeration of particles and / or fibers.

"Chemically stiffened fibers", "chemically modified fibers", "chemically crosslinked fibers", "curly fibers" and the like, as used herein, are used interchangeably and refer to any fibers which have been stiffened by chemical means to protect the fibers To increase the stiffness of the fibers under both dry and wet conditions, eg by adding chemical stiffening agents (e.g., by coating, impregnating, etc.), changing the chemical structure of the fibers themselves (e.g., by chain linking, etc.), and the like.

"Cohesion" as used herein refers to the resistance of similar materials to separation from one another.

"Cover", "comprising", "comprising" and "consisting of" as used herein are synonymous with "include", "including", "includes" or "includes", "includes", "includes" and is inclusive or open terms indicating the existence of what follows, eg a component, and does not preclude the presence of additional, unlisted components, features, elements, parts, steps that are known in the art or disclosed therein.

"Enclosure" as used herein refers to a lightweight nonwoven material used to contain and conceal an underlying absorbent core material; Examples are the cover layer or materials that cover the absorbent cores of feminine hygiene garments, baby diapers and pants, and adult incontinence garments.

"Crotch area" of an absorbent article as used herein refers to about 50% of the total length of the absorbent article (i.e., in the y dimension), with the crotch point in the longitudinal center of the crotch area. That is, the crotch area is determined by first locating the crotch point of the absorbent article and then measuring the forward and backward spacing of 25% of the total length of the absorbent article.

"Transverse direction (CD)", "lateral" or "transverse" and the like, as used herein, are used interchangeably and refer to a direction that is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction and includes directions within ± 45 ° of the transverse direction.

"Curing" as used herein refers to a process in which resins, binders or plastics are applied to tissue or tissue, usually by heating, to cause them to remain in place; Curing may be by removal of solvent or by cross-linking to render it insoluble.

"Diaper", "conventional diaper", "diaper-like", "diaper-like garment" and the like as used herein are used interchangeably and refer to disposable absorbent articles which typically include a front waist section and a rear waist section and around which during use Hips of the wearer by conventional fasteners, such as adhesive tape attachment or hook and eye attachment, are detachably connected. In use, the article is positioned between the legs of the wearer, with the fasteners releasably attached to secure the back waist portion to the front waist portion of the diaper, thereby securing the diaper about the waist of the wearer. The front waist portion and a rear waist portion are joined by relatively inextensible or stretchable elements (the term "stretchable" as used herein refers to materials that are stretchable when forces are applied to the material and some resistance to stretch Offer). Therefore, such articles are generally not designed to be pulled up or down over the hips of the wearer when the fasteners are attached.

"Disposable" is used herein to describe articles that are generally not intended to be laundered or otherwise restored or reused (ie, disposed of after a single use and preferably recycled, composted, or otherwise disposed of in an environmentally sound manner become).

"Distribution layer", "distribution area", "distribution surface" or "distribution material" and the like as used herein are used interchangeably and refer to a layer having a larger capacity for absorbing, dispersing and distributing liquids.

"Draining" as used herein refers to a process for making a nonwoven web from dry fibers; this term applies to the formation of carded fabrics as well as to the formation of air laid nonwovens; a fibrous tissue prepared by draining is referred to herein as "drained"; a drained fabric bound by one or more techniques to provide fabric integrity is referred to herein as a "dry laid nonwoven".

"Dry strength" as used herein refers to the strength of an adhesive bond determined under dry conditions, immediately after drying under certain conditions, or after a conditioning time in the standard laboratory atmosphere.

"Fabric" as used herein refers to a fabric structure made of fibers, filaments and / or yarns.

"Women's sanitary garments" as used herein refers to absorbent sanitary articles intended to be worn by a woman to receive and hold body exudates.

"Fiber" as used herein refers to the basic filamentary structure from which nonwovens, yarns and textiles are made. It differs from a particle in that it has a length of at least 4 times its width; "Natural fibers" are either animal (wool, silk), vegetable (cotton, flax, jute) or mineral origin (asbestos), while "synthetic fibers" are either polymers synthesized from chemical compounds (polyester, polypropylene, nylon, acrylic, etc.). ), or modified natural polymers (rayon, acetate) or minerals (glass). "Fiber" and "filament" are used interchangeably.

"Film," "film," and the like, as used herein, are used interchangeably and refer to a thin film of substantially non-absorbent material, such as plastic or closed foams. In this invention, the terms particularly refer to materials that do not conform to nonwovens.

"Fluff pulp" as used herein refers to wood pulp that has been specially prepared for draining.

"Front portion" as used herein refers to the portion of an absorbent article or portion thereof that is to be positioned near the front of a wearer.

"Garment cover layer" as used herein refers to elements of the chassis which form the outer surface of the absorbent article, such as the backsheet, cuffs, waist cuffs, and the like, when such elements are present.

"Heat-activated adhesive" as used herein refers to a dry adhesive that is rendered tacky or flowable by the application of heat or heat and pressure on the assembly.

"Heat-seal adhesive" as used herein refers to a thermoplastic adhesive that is melted between the adhesive surfaces by application of heat to one or both of the adjacent adhesive surfaces.

"Highloft" as used herein refers to the general term of bulky or thick, low density fabrics.

"Hot melt adhesive" as used herein refers to a solid material that melts rapidly on heating and then hardens on cooling to a solid bond; it is used for almost immediate binding.

"Hydrophilic" as used herein refers to an affinity for wetting with water or for absorbing water.

"Hydrophobic" as used herein refers to the lack of affinity for wetting with water or for absorbing water.

"Immobilization layer" as used herein refers to a layer that can be applied to the absorbent polymeric material or the absorbent polymeric material region with the intention of dividing, bonding and / or immobilizing absorbent material and / or the absorbent layer.

"Connect," "connecting," and "connecting," as used herein, refer to encompassing configurations in which one element is attached directly to another element by fixing the element directly to the other element, as well as to configurations in which the element is indirectly fixed to the other element by fixing the element to an intermediate element or elements, which in turn is attached to the other element.

"Knitting", as used herein, refers to the technique of linking meshes of fibers with needles or similar devices.

"Layer" refers to identifiable components of the absorbent article, and any part referred to as a "layer" may actually comprise a laminate or a combination of multiple sheets or fabrics of the required type of material. As used herein, the term "layer" includes the terms "layers" and "layers.""Upperlayer" refers to the layer of the absorbent article which is closest to the wearer facing layer and this is facing. Conversely, the term "lower layer" refers to the layer of the absorbent article that is closest to the garment-facing layer. "Layer" is a three-dimensional structure with x-dimension width, y-dimension length and z-dimension thickness or volume, where the xy dimension lies substantially in the plane of the article, however, it should be noted that the various elements, layers and Structures of absorbent articles according to the present invention may generally be inherently planar or non-planar and shaped or profiled in any desired configuration.

"Machine direction (MD)", "longitudinal" and the like, as used herein, are used interchangeably and refer to a direction parallel to the maximum linear dimension of the structure and include directions within ± 45 ° of the longitudinal direction.

"Main surface" as used herein refers to a term used to describe the surfaces of greatest extent of a generally planar or sheet-like structural element and to distinguish these surfaces from the minor surfaces of the end edges and the side edges, i. for an element having a length, a width and a thickness, the thickness being the smallest of the three dimensions, the major surfaces are those defined by the length and the width and thus have the greatest extent.

"Bulk flow" as used herein refers to the flow of liquid from one absorbing element or component to another absorbing element or component through channel flow action.

"Mechanical bonding" as used herein refers to a process of joining fibers by their interweaving. This can be achieved by needling, sewing with fibers or by using high pressure air or water jets and the like.

"Nonwoven" as used herein refers to a manufactured film, web or sheet of directionally or randomly oriented fibers bonded by friction and / or cohesion and / or adhesion, except for paper and woven, knitted, tufted products , sewn, bound with binding yarns or filaments or felted by wet milling, wherein they are also additionally needled or needled. The fibers may be of natural or synthetic origin and may be staple or continuous filaments or formed in situ. Commercially available fibers have diameters ranging from less than about 0.001 mm to greater than about 0.2 mm, and come in various forms: short fibers (known as staple fibers or cut fibers), continuous single fibers (filaments or monofilaments), untwisted bundles of continuous filaments (ropes) and twisted bundles of continuous filaments (yarns). Nonwovens can be formed by many processes such as meltblowing, spunbonding, solvent spinning, electrospinning and carding. The grammage of nonwoven fabrics is usually expressed in grams per square meter (g / m ^2), respectively.

"Pants", "training pants", "closed diapers", "pre-attached diapers", "pull-on diapers" and "diaper pants" and the like, as used herein are used interchangeably and refer to absorbent articles that are typically applied to the wearer, by first inserting the feet into the respective leg openings and then pulling the pants from the feet to the waist area over the hips and buttocks of the wearer, and pulling them up or down over the wearer's hips. Typically, such articles may include a front waist portion and a rear waist portion that may be joined by integral or releasable members about the hips of the wearer. Trousers may be preformed by any suitable technique, including, but not limited to, joining sections of the article using refastenable and / or non-refastenable bindings (eg, seam, weld, adhesive, cohesive bond, fastener, etc.). ). Pants may be preformed anywhere along the circumference of the article (e.g., closed at the side, closed at the front waist).

"Polymer" as used herein refers to, but is not limited to, homopolymers, copolymers such as, but not limited to, block, graft, random and alternating copolymers, terpolymers, etc., and blends and modifications thereof. Unless specifically limited, the term "polymer" includes, but is not limited to, all possible spatial configurations of the molecule and includes isotactic, syndiotactic, and random symmetries.

"Rear," as used herein, refers to the portion of an absorbent article or portion thereof that is intended to be positioned near the wearer's back.

"Resin" as used herein refers to a solid or semi-solid polymeric material.

"Substantially free of cellulose" as used herein refers to an absorbent Article, structure or core containing less than 40% by weight of cellulose fibers, less than 20% by weight of cellulose fibers, less than 5% by weight of cellulose fibers, no cellulosic fibers or not more than a negligible amount of cellulosic fibers, which is the thinness , Flexibility or absorbency of it does not significantly affect. This also includes completely cellulose-free.

"Thermal bonding" as used herein refers to a process for bonding fibers using heat and / or high pressure.

"Thermoplastic" materials, as used herein, refers to polymeric materials which have a melting temperature and, when heat is applied at or below the melting point, can flow or be shaped into the desired shapes.

"Ultrasound" as used herein refers to the use of high frequency sound to locally generate heat by vibration, thereby causing fibers to be bonded together.

"Water-absorbent," "liquid-absorbent," "absorbent," "absorbent," and the like, as used herein, are used interchangeably and refer to compounds, materials, products containing at least water, but typically other aqueous fluids, and typically other components of Body exudates, such as at least urine or blood, absorb.

"Carrier cover layer" as used herein refers to elements of the chassis that form the inner surface of the absorbent article, such as the topsheet, the leg cuffs, and the side cuffs, etc., where such elements are present.

"Weaving" as used herein refers to the process of weaving two or more sets of yarns at right angles to form a fabric; A fibrous web made by weaving is referred to herein as "woven".

"Web material" as used herein refers to a substantially continuous material in one direction, i. in longitudinal or longitudinal or x-direction in Cartesian coordinates relative to the web material. Included in this term is a substantially infinite sequence of pieces cut or otherwise separated from a substantially endless material. Often, though not necessarily, the web materials have a thickness dimension (i.e., the z-direction) that is significantly smaller than the longitudinal extent (i.e., the x-direction). Typically, the width of the web materials (the y-direction) is substantially greater than the thickness but less than the length. Often, although not necessarily, the thickness and width of such materials are substantially constant along the length of the web. Without limitation, such web materials may be cellulosic fibrous materials, woven, woven or non-woven, and the like. Typically, though not necessarily, web materials are supplied in roll form or on spools or in a folded condition in boxes. The individual deliveries can then be spliced together to form the essentially endless structure. A web material may be composed of several web materials, such as. B. multilayer nonwoven, coated fabrics, nonwoven / Folienstoffschichten. Web materials may include other materials, such as added binder, particles, hydrophilizers, and the like.

"Wet Tear Resistance" is a measure of the ability of a layer to absorb energy when wet and subject to deformation perpendicular to the plane of the fabric.

"Wet strength" as used herein refers to the strength of an adhesive bond which is determined immediately after removal from a liquid in which it has been immersed under certain conditions such as time, temperature and pressure. The term is commonly used in the art to refer to strength after immersion in water.

"Wet-tinning" as used herein refers to forming a fabric from an aqueous dispersion of fibers by using modified papermaking techniques; a fibrous web made by wet-laying is referred to herein as "wet laid".

"Wood pulp" as used herein refers to cellulosic fibers used to make viscose, paper and the absorbent cores of products such as feminine hygiene garments, baby diapers and pants and adult incontinence garments.

"X-y dimension" as used herein refers to the plane orthogonal to the thickness of the article, structure or element. The x and y dimensions generally correspond to the width or length of the article, structure or element.

"Z-dimension" as used herein refers to the dimension orthogonal to the length and Width of the article, structure or element. The z-dimension generally corresponds to the thickness of the article, structure or element.

Listing numeric ranges with their endpoints includes all numbers and fractions subsumed within that range, as well as the listed endpoints.

The absorbent structure of the present invention, preferably a substantially cellulosic structure, comprises a backing layer, an auxiliary layer, and an absorbent material disposed between the backing layer and the auxiliary layer to form a sandwich structure, initially having smaller pockets (preferably more in relative amount compared to later subjects). and then larger compartments (preferably less in relative amount compared to the initial pockets) are provided which allow for excellent fluid management of the absorbent polymeric material in a dry, partially and fully liquid loaded condition.

The absorbent structures of the present invention allow for sufficient internal immobilization of the absorbent polymeric material in the dry state by providing well-designed adapted smaller pockets containing the unexpanded dry materials, and then by providing well-designed adapted larger compartments containing the wetted materials. while avoiding retention or restriction of the swelling and volume expanding absorbent material in the wetted state, thereby preventing underuse, loss or adverse effects on its absolute and relative performance, resulting in superficial liquid management surfaces.

In a preferred embodiment according to the invention, the fluid and fluid directing absorbent structure includes a predefined pattern of secondary fasteners which at least partially interconnect the enveloping layers, characterized in that the secondary fasteners are loosened, loosened, weakened and / or ruptured by the absorbent structure of the liquid, the vapor and / or moisture is exposed. It should be noted that the secondary attachment need not be water-sensitive, in other words it may be water-resistant or wet-strength, since the secondary attachments should preferably peel off by contacting the absorbent structure with liquid, thus not necessarily wetting the secondary attachments themselves before the absorbent structures show their fluid and fluid management. In addition to more accurate prediction and development of adapted secondary securement peel times, this is also advantageous as the development and control of water-sensitive secondary fixtures entails much more complex manufacturing of the absorbent structure, resulting in slower production speeds, additional energy and material consumption, and higher Prevalence of dysfunctional and non-performative secondary attachments results, which can produce defective absorbent structures. Thus, the mere forces exerted by the swelling absorbent material should preferably be sufficient to release the secondary fasteners, whether dry, partially wetted, or fully wetted. Preferably, the smaller sized bags in the dry state will dissolve with water under the influence of contacting the absorbent structure, thereby forming a mid-size compartment by exposing enlarged smaller pockets and / or by the combination of a plurality of smaller pockets. Preferably, these intermediate-sized pockets are formed when the absorbent structure is partially loaded with liquid. More preferably, the medium sized compartments increase in partially wetted condition even further under the influence of contacting the absorbent structure with water or after additional swelling of the absorbent polymeric material, resulting in maximum size compartments through increased smaller pockets released and / or by the combination of multiple smaller pockets and pockets medium-sized subjects are formed. Preferably, these pockets of maximum size are formed when the absorbent structure is almost completely wetted. This controlled and continuous expansion during the humidification process results in invisible fluid management qualities and also serves to provide liquid management surface structures. This is not apparent in the prior art, but highly desirable.

Preferably, there is also a predefined pattern of primary fasteners over most of the area of the absorbent structure that remains substantially intact under normal usage conditions. The primary attachment may serve the overall structural and functional integrity of the absorbent structure, increase the fluid management systems, and / or contribute to the creation of an inhomogeneous fluid management surface structure of the absorbent structure. Absorbent structures according to a preferred embodiment of the invention include absorbent polymeric material, more preferably absorbent particulate polymeric material such as high permeability SAP.

In a preferred embodiment according to the invention, an absorbent layer in a substantially cellulose-free absorbent structure for use in an absorbent article is about 10 cm wide and about 40 cm long, with an average dry thickness of about 0.1 to about 10 mm, more preferably about 0.5 to about 5 mm, most preferably about 1-3 mm and would contain about 5-25 grams of absorbent polymeric material, more preferably about 10-20 grams, more preferably 11-15 grams, most preferably about 12-14 grams, which is initially packaged in about 50-800 small pockets, more preferably about 100-700 pockets, more preferably about 200-600 pockets, more preferably about 300-500 pockets, more preferably about 350-450 pockets, and most preferably 1 pocket per cm ² absorbent structure surface, which would be subsequently released gradually to finally form about 1-50 slots, more preferably about 3-30 slots, more preferably about 5-25 compartments, preferred about 10-20 compartments, and most preferably about 1 compartment per 15 cm ² absorbent structural surface.

The pockets are preferably identical and square, round or honeycomb-shaped and uniformly and homogeneously distributed throughout the absorbent structure, the compartments being preferably longitudinally distributed and rectangular or ellipsoidal in shape with sufficient circumferential sealing at the edges of the absorbent article to avoid guiding structures lead and channel the liquid to the edges of the absorbent structure, certainly avoiding the edges of the crotch areas. In essence, the shape of the smaller pockets attempts to accommodate the maximum amount of absorbent polymer on the available surface, while the larger compartments attempt to accommodate the maximum expansion volume of the wetted absorbent polymeric materials while providing internal fluid and external liquid management over surface structures. The absorbent polymeric material will further preferably be profiled over the entire surface in these dry pockets, therefore there is a need for a primary attachment grid and secondary attachment patterns with a well-defined and accurate bond strength to accommodate fluid management and fluid management surface structures according to the invention. The absorbent structure is preferably supplemented by about 30 to 70 g / m ² , more preferably about 40 to 60 g / m ^2, and most preferably about 50 g / m ^{2 of} a high-loft receptive layer and / or similar amounts of crimped fibers as the distribution layer permitting rapid uptake and distribution within the absorbent article, then encased in a liquid pervious topsheet and liquid impermeable breathable backsheet to enable use in an absorbent article such as a baby diaper or pant.

While preferably such a volume of the absorbent structure is the result of temporary secondary attachment patterns consisting of, for example, ultrasonic bonds, the absorbent structures are preferably constructed in combination with substantially permanent primary attachment lattices formed, for example, by ultrasonic bonds and the release of larger volumes from the initial smaller volumes by peeling off the secondary fasteners, while maintaining the integrity and coherence of the absorbent polymer for excellent fluid management through the primary attachment pattern which ensures structural and functional integrity. In an alternative embodiment, however, the volume of this absorbent structure is the result of the use of flexible, extensible, elastic, stretchable and / or elastomeric materials, such as elastic fleece and / or fragile materials, such as semi-rigid, rigid and / or stiff paper or tissue, allowing additional expansion and / or breaking up from smaller to larger volumes.

In certain embodiments according to the present invention, all or some of the secondary fasteners may be maintained, for example, during the partial loading of the absorbent structure, while only dissolving in a fully bodied liquid loaded condition. In this way, the initial contact is maintained until the swelling forces of the absorbent structure gain the upper hand. This detackifying preferably does not affect the primary attachments, thereby still ensuring the functional and / or structural integrity of the absorbent structure and the absorbent polymeric material region, while not limiting the swelling of the absorbent polymeric material to reduce the liquid absorption and retention capacity. By preferably not resorting to wet-soluble, wet-sensitive or non-wet-resistant secondary fasteners, the peel process of the secondary fastener patterns according to the invention can be better controlled and predicted because such deployed absorbent structures and secondary fastener patterns such as used in absorbent articles such as a baby diaper or be used due to the mere wetting of the (wet-sensitive) fasteners prematurely, but only then released when the expected and required forces through Movement, article stretching and swelling of the absorbent polymer material have been achieved. This is particularly advantageous with substantially cellulosic absorbent articles because they must specifically avoid free migration and movement of dry or partially dry absorbent polymeric materials with regard to lumping, gel blocking and overall performance of the absorbent material.

In a preferred embodiment, the absorbent structure immobilizes, holds and / or retains the particulate material and the fasteners seal, bond and / or join together at least a portion of the pockets and / or outer layers by ultrasonic bonding, thermal bonding, pressure bonding and / or adhesive bonding means. These fasteners preferably form and / or define pockets that may contain particulate material, the attachment areas substantially and preferably not including particulate material. Preferably, these mounts are made of a discrete form rather than substantially continuous lines so as to better control the bonding and detachment process in accordance with specified bond strengths for these primary attachment lattices and secondary attachment patterns within that absorbent structure in accordance with this embodiment of the present invention to be able to. For example, the dots designed for good use may be located, shaped and sized so that the secondary attachment pattern is gradually released while the primary attachment patterns in each given embodiment of the absorbent structure are steadily preserved.

This is preferably done by the very precise ultrasonic bonding as opposed to the thermomechanical calendering, which is very difficult to control in view of the bond strength produced. Such calendar systems also work very poorly if any absorbent material is trapped between the fixtures. The absorbent structure according to the present invention overcomes these problems. Preferably, the absence of excess or complete elimination of synthetic immobilizing admixtures (e.g., adhesives and binders such as thermoplastic adhesives and webs) used to cover, retain, or bond absorbent polymeric materials makes the structure very favorable technically, environmentally, and economically. In an alternative embodiment, the composite structure is covered with such thermoplastic materials, adhesives, binders, and / or adhesives to fix, confine, encapsulate, bond, and / or bond these particulate material clusters to and / or between one or more layers.

Additional materials and / or layers that provide additional functional and / or structural benefits such as strength, uptake, absorption, distribution, transport, retention, etc. may also be included.

The absorbent structure, preferably substantially free of cellulose, according to the invention has several embodiments and preferred embodiments for use in absorbent products, such as:

1. a) eine Trägerschicht; und
2. b) eine Hilfsschicht; und
3. c) ein absorbierendes Material, das zwischen der Trägerschicht und der Hilfsschicht vorgesehen ist, wobei Taschen zusätzliches Volumen freisetzen, als Ergebnis der Einwirkung von Flüssigkeit auf die absorbierende Struktur.

An absorbent structure comprising:

1. a) a carrier layer; and
2. b) an auxiliary layer; and
3. c) an absorbent material provided between the backing layer and the auxiliary layer, pockets releasing additional volume as a result of the action of liquid on the absorbent structure.

1. a) eine Trägerschicht; und
2. b) eine Hilfsschicht; und
3. c) ein absorbierendes Material, das zwischen der Trägerschicht und der Hilfsschicht vorgesehen ist, wobei relativ kleine Taschen zusätzliches Volumen freisetzen, um relativ größere Fächer zu bilden, als Ergebnis der Einwirkung von Flüssigkeit auf die absorbierende Struktur.

An absorbent structure comprising:

1. a) a carrier layer; and
2. b) an auxiliary layer; and
3. c) an absorbent material provided between the backing layer and the auxiliary layer, wherein relatively small pockets release additional volume to form relatively larger pockets as a result of the action of liquid on the absorbent structure.

1. a) eine Trägerschicht; und
2. b) eine Hilfsschicht; und
3. c) ein absorbierendes Material, das zwischen der Trägerschicht und der Hilfsschicht vorgesehen ist, wobei eine Vielzahl von Taschen mit kleinerer Größe ein zusätzliches Volumen freisetzt, um relativ weniger Fächer mit größerer Abmessung zu bilden, als Ergebnis der Einwirkung von Flüssigkeit auf die absorbierende Struktur.

An absorbent structure comprising:

1. a) a carrier layer; and
2. b) an auxiliary layer; and
3. c) an absorbent material provided between the backing layer and the auxiliary layer, wherein a plurality of smaller sized pockets release an additional volume by relatively fewer larger sized pockets as a result of the action of liquid on the absorbent structure.

1. a) eine Trägerschicht; und
2. b) eine Hilfsschicht; und
3. c) ein absorbierendes Material, das zwischen der Trägerschicht und der Hilfsschicht vorgesehen ist, wobei eine Vielzahl von kleineren Taschen ein zusätzliches Volumen freisetzt, um relativ weniger Fächer mit größerer Abmessung zu bilden, als Ergebnis der Einwirkung von Flüssigkeit auf die absorbierende Struktur, wobei zumindest einige sekundäre Befestigungen Taschen bilden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass, wenn die sekundären Befestigungen als Ergebnis des Aussetzens der absorbierenden Struktur gegenüber Flüssigkeit gelöst werden, sie Fächer bilden.

An absorbent structure for use in an absorbent article comprising:

1. a) a carrier layer; and
2. b) an auxiliary layer; and
3. c) an absorbent material provided between the backing layer and the auxiliary layer, wherein a plurality of smaller pockets release an additional volume to form relatively fewer compartments of greater dimension as a result of the action of liquid on the absorbent structure, at least Some secondary fasteners form pockets, characterized in that when the secondary fasteners are released as a result of exposing the absorbent structure to liquid, they form compartments.

1. a) eine Trägerschicht; und
2. b) eine Hilfsschicht; und
3. c) ein absorbierendes Material, das zwischen der Trägerschicht und der Hilfsschicht vorgesehen ist, wobei eine Vielzahl von kleineren Taschen ein zusätzliches Volumen freisetzt, um relativ weniger Fächer mit größerer Abmessung zu bilden, als Ergebnis der Einwirkung von Flüssigkeit auf die absorbierende Struktur, wobei zumindest einige sekundäre Befestigungen die Trägerschicht und die Hilfsschicht miteinander verbinden, um Taschen zu bilden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass, wenn die sekundären Befestigungen als Ergebnis der Einwirkung von Flüssigkeit auf die absorbierende Struktur gelöst werden, sie Fächer bilden.

An absorbent structure for use in an absorbent article comprising:

1. a) a carrier layer; and
2. b) an auxiliary layer; and
3. c) an absorbent material provided between the backing layer and the auxiliary layer, wherein a plurality of smaller pockets release an additional volume to form relatively fewer compartments of greater dimension as a result of the action of liquid on the absorbent structure, at least some secondary fasteners interconnect the backing layer and the auxiliary layer to form pockets, characterized in that when the secondary fasteners are released onto the absorbent structure as a result of the action of liquid, they form compartments.

1. a) eine Trägerschicht; und
2. b) eine Hilfsschicht; und
3. c) ein absorbierendes Material, das zwischen der Trägerschicht und der Hilfsschicht vorgesehen ist, wobei eine Vielzahl von kleineren Taschen ein zusätzliches Volumen freisetzt, um relativ weniger Fächer mit größerer Abmessung zu bilden, als Ergebnis der Einwirkung von Flüssigkeit auf die absorbierende Struktur, wobei zumindest einige primäre und sekundäre Befestigungen die Trägerschicht und die Hilfsschicht miteinander verbinden, um Taschen zu bilden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass, wenn die sekundären Befestigungen als Ergebnis der Einwirkung von Flüssigkeit auf die absorbierende Struktur gelöst werden, sie Fächer bilden, während die primären Befestigungen im Wesentlichen intakt bleiben.

An absorbent structure for use in an absorbent article comprising:

1. a) a carrier layer; and
2. b) an auxiliary layer; and
3. c) an absorbent material provided between the backing layer and the auxiliary layer, wherein a plurality of smaller pockets release an additional volume to form relatively fewer compartments of greater dimension as a result of the action of liquid on the absorbent structure, at least some primary and secondary fasteners interconnect the backing layer and the auxiliary layer to form pockets, characterized in that when the secondary fasteners are released onto the absorbent structure as a result of the action of liquid, they form compartments, while the primary fasteners substantially stay intact.

1. a) eine Trägerschicht; und
2. b) eine Hilfsschicht; und
3. c) ein absorbierendes Material, das zwischen der Trägerschicht und der Hilfsschicht vorgesehen ist, wobei eine Vielzahl von kleineren Taschen ein zusätzliches Volumen freisetzt, um relativ weniger Fächer mit größerer Abmessung zu bilden, als Ergebnis der Einwirkung von Flüssigkeit auf die absorbierende Struktur, wobei zumindest einige primäre und/oder sekundäre Befestigungen die Trägerschicht und die Hilfsschicht miteinander verbinden, um Taschen zu bilden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass, wenn die sekundären Befestigungen als Ergebnis der Einwirkung von Flüssigkeit auf die absorbierende Struktur gelöst werden, die absorbierende Struktur inhomogen quillt, um eine Flüssigkeitsmanagementoberflächenstruktur zu bilden.

An absorbent structure for use in an absorbent article comprising:

1. a) a carrier layer; and
2. b) an auxiliary layer; and
3. c) an absorbent material provided between the backing layer and the auxiliary layer, wherein a plurality of smaller pockets release an additional volume to form relatively fewer compartments of greater dimension as a result of the action of liquid on the absorbent structure, at least some primary and / or secondary fasteners interconnect the backing layer and the auxiliary layer to form pockets, characterized in that when the secondary fasteners are released onto the absorbent structure as a result of the action of liquid, the absorbent structure inhomogeneously swells to form pockets Liquid management surface structure to form.

In a preferred embodiment, there is provided a substantially cellulosic absorbent structure comprising a backing layer, an auxiliary layer and an absorbent particulate polymeric material therebetween, wherein the backing layer and the auxiliary layer are at least partially joined by attachment regions comprising substantially permanent primary attachment lattices relatively higher bond strength and / or substantially temporary secondary bond pattern having relatively lower bond strength to form a sandwich composite structure containing clustered particulate absorbent polymeric materials provided in at least some of the unattached regions between the backing layer and the auxiliary layer and thereby form an absorbent polymeric material region, wherein the plurality of smaller pockets of substantially equal thickness defined by at least i substantially temporary secondary fasteners are formed, defining spaces that immobilize the available dry volume of the absorbent polymeric material, the substantially temporary secondary fastening being gradually releasable as a result of exposure of the surrounding absorbent polymeric material to gradually increase to an intermediate volume to create less and mid-sized compartments that will immobilize the partially wetted absorbent polymeric material and end up in even fewer maximum size compartments that immobilize the wetted absorbent polymeric material to provide continuous fluid management. Preferably, it exhibits inhomogeneous swelling due to inhomogeneous swelling of the absorbent polymeric materials and / or release of the secondary fasteners to form liquid management structures.

Absorbent structures of the prior art generally swell homogeneously and continuously until the available liquid receiving capacity of the absorbent material is reached and / or the available free volume and occupying the free space within the various absorbent structural boundaries from the swollen and volume-expanded absorbent materials. Placing too much absorbent polymeric material in smaller and confined pockets that do not have the volume expansion capacities of the invention thus results in unused absorbent material capacities, while the overfilled pockets often result in and, in extreme cases, result in undesirable lumpy pockets for the user and wearer can cause the pockets to tear unintentionally, causing the swollen absorbent materials to come out and come in contact with the user, which should be avoided. Other absorbent structures when dry provide the necessary swelling volume for their later wetted and swollen absorbent polymeric material by providing larger and more spacious pockets prior to use. However, especially in a substantially cellulose-free absorbent structure, the volume required results in insufficient immobilization of the absorbent material, leading to free migration, agglomeration, and clusters clustering, leading to extremely poor fluid and fluid management. In addition, the aggregation of absorbent material into oversized pockets in the dry state causes severe gel blocking when wetted, and also reduces overall conformance, comfort and discretion due to the fact that these large pockets cause the absorbent polymeric material in parts forms significant volumes during use that are perceived by the user in use, which is highly undesirable. The apparent gel blocking results in a very poor use of the expensive absorbent polymeric materials.

Nevertheless, it has been found that when absorbent polymeric material absorbs and swells liquid, it actually works much faster, more effectively, and more efficiently when placed in pockets or arrays. These predefined placements, along with the careful dosage of absorbent polymeric material, can thus help to obtain optimum absorbency, fit and / or comfort. It is desirable that absorbent polymeric material remain at its intended location while avoiding unwanted migration and uncontrolled movement thereof within the absorbent structure. However, it is highly desirable that the absorbent material also be immobilized and / or retained over an absorbent structure in such a manner that the particulate absorbent polymeric material is in both partially liquid laden and fully liquid loaded, taking into account the required volume expansion for the material and material the structural power brings its power.

The absorbent structure according to the present invention is therefore characterized by its ability to firmly occlude, immobilize and / or retain absorbent material in the dry state by providing additional, predetermined, phased and controlled expansion during wetting of the absorbent structure from the absorbent structure A large number of smaller pockets are allowed to fewer but larger exposed compartments, providing additional (yet unavailable) space, extra volume, and additional surface area for optimal expansion, swelling, and / or loading of the absorbent material. While the substantially permanent primary attachment grids substantially help to ensure the structural integrity of the absorbent structure because they are substantially resistant to the forces exerted on them during wetting and use of the absorbent article, the substantially temporary secondary ones allow Attachment patterns increase the unprecedented functionality while still securely encapsulating the absorbent material through incremental expansion and swelling.

The attachment lattice and pattern of the absorbent structure is preferably consistent with the user-generated forces and with the available and usable absorbent material when wetted from substantially dry to partially charged to fully liquid-loaded. The primary fixtures essentially retain more integrity during and after absorbing absorbent structures than the secondary fixtures. The difference in bond strength between the primary fasteners and the secondary fasteners allows the backing layer and auxiliary layer to separate between the multiple primary fastener areas, respectively at the secondary fastener areas, thereby freeing up additional space and volume to provide another and free space Allow expansion of the absorbent material in the partially or fully liquid-laden state against the dry state. This release is reconciled with the volume swelling.

Releasing the extra volume and space only during use results in various manufacturing, storage, and transportation benefits, as the absorbent materials are now more accurately and effectively positioned, grouped, and positioned since the removal of the initial restraint during use enables restrained fluid and fluid management systems that result in excellent performance and significant resource savings. Improved and controlled liquid transport and dispersion thus results in improved fluid exchange from less absorptive (eg, saturated) to more absorbent (eg, unsaturated) regions. For the sake of further enhancing the absorbency, fluid distribution, transport, retention, and lesser amounts of leaks and rewet values, it is preferred that these absorbent structures have macroscopic fluid management surface structures such as peaks and valleys and / or depressions and valleys which are channels and / or or barriers to guide the liquid in a desired manner. The absorbent structure comprises a backing layer, an auxiliary layer, and an absorbent material sandwiched therebetween, wherein primary fasteners and secondary fasteners interconnect the backing layer and the auxiliary layer, characterized in that the absorbent structure inhomogeneously swells to form a liquid management surface structure due to the action of liquid to form the absorbent structure.

For reasons of optimum flexibility, fit, comfort, discretion, transport and storage efficiency, it is desirable that such three-dimensional macroscopic surface structures appear and function only when needed, i. when the product is partially and / or completely wetted by liquid, therefore they are preferably not present before the use of the absorbent structure. The invention enables indirect functionalities whereby "hidden" dry-state features are substantially "unleashed" by moistening, thereby substantially revealing the three-dimensional structures having high (raised) and / or lowered (lowered) functional and structural portions of the absorbent structure " become. The three-dimensional swelling of the absorbent structure may be caused by differential swelling of the absorbent polymeric material or by the different lattices and patterns of bond and release fasteners or a combination thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the absorbent structure comprises absorbent materials having a different volume absorption capacity of at least 25%, preferably at least 50%, most preferably at least 100%. For example, an initially flat cuff, for example, placed between two high-absorption regions would be released and self-erecting as these regions absorb and swell liquid.

The inventor has found that the ability to provide macroscopic surface structures with internal, integrated, and surface fluid management systems enables invisible fluid management by allowing fluid guidance to desired locations with additional containment, distribution, transportation, and containment capabilities, and thus a significant increase in the efficiency and effectiveness of the use of raw materials is ensured while limiting gel blocking, reducing rewetting, minimizing leaks and failure. Preferably, the liquid is directed to the entire surface of the absorbent structure except for the side edges to minimize leakage and product failure.

Ideally, the fluid taken up by the absorbent structure and the resulting swelling and volume increase will be consistent with the respective spaces and volumes created by the incremental release and release operation of the attachment patterns. While the dry immobilization of the lower volume absorbent material is ensured in the small pockets formed by the combination of the primary and secondary fasteners, the wet immobilization of the wetted, higher volume absorbent material is continuously enhanced by expanding large (larger) compartments secured by intact primary fasteners after partial or complete release of the secondary fastener patterns under the influence of liquid, vapor and / or moisture. Since the absorbent material gains significant volume, it is therefore important to continuously retain the absorbent material. Well designed phased-type absorbent structures allow for a gradual expansion of the absorbent material without undue or excessive retention and late or early detachment of the secondary fasteners during the gradual wetting and swelling process.

The adhesive strength should meet the parameters of the absorbent structure and depends on the article, its product size and shape, and the duration of use and performance required. It should be noted that, if the stated primary fasteners remain substantially intact under the influence of liquid, it is preferable to refer to properties under relatively normal wear / use conditions, typical usage times, average fluid volumes and intervals at room or body temperatures, without exaggeration , heavy and / or Extreme conditions, such as abnormal large volumes of liters of fluid during several days of intense contact, must be considered. In such a case, though not preferred, the initially wet-resistant primary fasteners may become loose, peel off or destroy. It will be apparent from the above that such primary fasteners, which eventually become secondary fasteners after being subjected to longer and / or more intensive conditions of use, are also provided under this invention.

In contrast to previously existing absorbent articles and prior art processes limited by permanent or fully releasable immobilization and / or retention agents that result in unsatisfactory absorption, distribution and retention parameters in combination with limited flexibility, fit and comfort the present invention addresses various related problems and derived therefrom by including absorbent material in pockets and compartments with predefined and well-managed permanent grids and temporary patterns resulting in gradual volume expansion. The present invention also overcomes various problems in that wet absorbent material forms barriers and fluid guides, thereby creating physical and chemical barriers and blockages that prevent leakage and / or provide additional fluid distribution and fluid transport. In particular, the invention enables increased expansion and swelling of the absorbent material within the unlatched compartments, while providing additional distribution and transport within and between the absorbent polymer material clusters that have not been sufficiently utilized and appreciated.

Thus, not only does the present invention provide effective fan-forming and retention of absorbent materials in dry, partially and completely liquid-loaded form, but also allows a significant increase in the efficiency and effectiveness of raw materials contained in the absorbent structure within the partially and completely liquid Loading state are available, increases the total absorbency and retention and limits gel blocking, reduces rewetting and minimizes leakage. In a second aspect, the present invention provides an absorbent article comprising an absorbent structure according to an embodiment of the invention at least in the front half of the absorbent article. In a preferred embodiment, the absorbent article comprises an absorbent structure comprising a carrier layer and an auxiliary layer, the upper surface of the carrier layer facing the skin of the wearer and a lower surface of the auxiliary layer facing the garment of the wearer. The absorbent material is preferably in direct contact with the lower surface of the auxiliary layer and the upper surface of the backing layer, however, an additional layer of tissue, nonwoven, woven, sheet and / or paper may be provided to facilitate further fluid management and integrity ,

It is known that for most absorbent articles, for example for articles such as feminine hygiene garments, baby diapers, baby pants and adult incontinence products, this fluid discharge occurs predominantly in the front half. It is therefore advantageous to provide an improved absorbent article having an absorbent structure according to an embodiment of the invention in the region where the requirements for fluid loading and taking up are highest. Obviously, an absorbent article comprising an absorbent structure according to an embodiment of the invention which is wholly or partially disposed in either the front, crotch and / or back region of the absorbent article, such as a baby diaper, is also covered by this invention. Any combinations thereof are also included.

In the hygiene industry, absorbent articles are designed specifically for absorbing, distributing and retaining body exudates. In addition to absorbing and retaining liquid in the absorbent structure of the absorbent article, the absorbent articles are also intended to satisfactorily prevent body exudates from soiling, wetting, or otherwise contaminating clothing or other items such as bedding that may be in contact with come to the carrier. A disposable absorbent article, such as a disposable diaper, may be worn for several hours in a dry state and / or in a liquid-loaded state. Accordingly, several attempts have been made to improve the fit and wearing comfort of the absorbent article, both when the article is dry and when the absorbent article is fully or partially loaded with body exudates, while improving the absorbent, distribution and retention functions of the absorbent article , Flexible, thin, lightweight and discreet absorbent articles are also very preferred here. A typical absorbent article has a crotch width of about 100 mm and an average core length of about 500 mm. An absorbent article with a crotch width This dimension offers improved consumer comfort. An absorbent structure according to the present invention achieves a crotch width of preferably less than 85 mm, 80 mm, 75 mm, 70 mm, 65 mm, 60 mm, 55 mm or 50 mm and a core length of preferably less than 500 mm, 450 mm, 400 mm, 350 mm or 300 mm. Therefore, an absorbent structure according to the present invention preferably has a crotch width and a core length in accordance with the above dimensions. According to a third aspect, there is provided a method and apparatus for making an absorbent structure used as an absorbent core in a feminine hygiene garment, baby diaper, baby panties or adult incontinence garment according to an embodiment of the invention. While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

• - Bereitstellen einer Trägerschicht;
• - Bedecken der Trägerschicht mit einem absorbierenden Material, wobei das absorbierende Material umfasst
  1. 1. ein absorbierendes Polymermaterial, und
  2. 2. von 0 bis zu einer Menge von weniger als etwa 40 Gewichtsprozent absorbierendes Fasermaterial, bezogen auf das Gewicht des absorbierenden Polymermaterials;
• - Bedecken des absorbierenden Materials mit einer Hilfsschicht, die mit der Trägerschicht verbindbar ist; und
• - Verbinden der Hilfsschicht mit der Trägerschicht, wodurch primäre Befestigungen und sekundäre Befestigungen gebildet werden, die dazwischen Taschen definieren, wobei das Absorptionsmaterial in mindestens einer der Taschen gehalten wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die sekundären Befestigungen gelockert werden, vorzugsweise um größere Fächer zu bilden als Folge davon, dass die absorbierende Struktur einer Flüssigkeit ausgesetzt wird, während die primären Befestigungen im Wesentlichen intakt bleiben.

A method and apparatus for making an absorbent structure for use in an absorbent article comprising the steps of:

• - Providing a carrier layer;
• - Covering the carrier layer with an absorbent material, wherein the absorbent material comprises
  1. 1. an absorbent polymeric material, and
  2. 2. from 0 to an amount of less than about 40 weight percent absorbent fiber material, based on the weight of the absorbent polymeric material;
• - Covering the absorbent material with an auxiliary layer which is connectable to the carrier layer; and
• Bonding the auxiliary layer to the backing layer, thereby forming primary fasteners and secondary fasteners defining pockets therebetween, the absorbent material being retained in at least one of the pockets, characterized in that the secondary fasteners are loosened, preferably to form larger pockets As a result, the absorbent structure is exposed to a liquid while the primary fasteners remain substantially intact.

Examples are used below for further non-limiting illustration of the invention. Regarding 1A-D . 2 and 3 includes the absorbent structure 14 at least one carrier layer 101 and at least one auxiliary layer 102 and an absorbent material 110 , The connection of the carrier layer 101 and the auxiliary layer 102 via secondary fixings 115 optionally via a secondary attachment medium such as glue or hot melt, and preferably also via primary fixings 111 optionally via primary attachment media, such as adhesive or binder.

It should be noted that although absorbent structures, the secondary fixings 115 as well as primary fixings 111 most preferred are absorbent structures 14 that only secondary fortifications 115 without the use of primary fasteners 111 are also covered by this invention. For example, one might think of a combination of multiple pieces of absorbent segments combined to form an absorbent structure 14 to form only secondary fortifications 115 used within the absorbent segments, allowing them to moisturize a variety of dry segments with smaller pockets 130 come to a variety of wetted segments with larger compartments. Various combinations, shapes and sizes are of course possible and are hereby encompassed by the present invention.

Referring to 1B become a carrier layer 101 and an auxiliary layer 102 provided. The carrier layer 101 is on one side with discrete amounts of absorbent material 110 covered. The absorbent material 110 is with an auxiliary layer 102 covered. The auxiliary layer 102 lies on the absorbent material 110 and is periodically with a distribution layer 100a or a transport layer 100b connected, creating pockets 130 be provided, which is the absorbent material 110 hold. The absorbent material 110 preferably comprises particulate absorbent polymer particles, but in addition absorbent fibrous materials may be used. Preferably, the amount of absorbent fibrous material used is less than 10 percent by weight based on the total weight of the absorbent polymeric material.

Referring to 1C was found to be absorbent structures 14 by combining two layers of absorbent material 110 can be formed. The absorbent structure 14 as shown, comprises a backing layer 101 , two layers of absorbent material 110 and two auxiliary layers 102 , When two discontinuous layers of an absorbent material 110 would be used, one on the wearer facing surface and one on the garment facing surface typically arranged such that the absorbent material 110 containing subjects 130 from a storage layer and the absorbent material 110 containing subjects 130 from the other storage layer are aligned with each other to position the attachments of both layers side by side. However, in another alternative embodiment, the subjects are 130 and offset the respective fortifications against each other.

Referring to 1D was also found to be absorbent structures 14 by combining two or more layers of absorbent material 110 can be formed. The absorbent structure 14 , as shown, comprises two layers of absorbent material 110 , two carrier layers 101 and two auxiliary layers 102 , When two discontinuous layers of an absorbent material 110 When used, they are typically arranged to hold the pockets 130 containing the absorbent material 110 a storage layer containing the pockets 130 facing the absorbent material 110 the other storage layer included. In an alternative preferred embodiment, however, the fasteners are offset and not facing each other. Therefore, when two memory layers are connected, it is preferably accomplished that the first carrier layer 101 the first storage layer of the auxiliary layer 102 the second memory layer faces, while the auxiliary layer 102 is arranged from the upper storage layer on the surface facing the carrier and the carrier layer 101 from the lower storage layer on the garment-facing surface of the sandwich structures.

Typical examples of methods used to bond material and layers together are, by way of example, but not limited to, the use of an adhesive such as pressure-sensitive adhesive, curing, chemical compounds such as hydrogen, and covalent bonds or the like Use of ultrasonic and / or other thermal, mechanical or thermomechanical attachment techniques, such as heat sealing, needles, air, entanglement, resistance and water jet pressure, and the like.

However, if the carrier layer 101 and the auxiliary layer 102 For example, no fastening medium is provided, for example, over a range of mechanical resistance or entanglement, or over an area where the layers are fused together, without the need for any additional bonding or connecting means. In a preferred embodiment, the primary fixings are 111 and the secondary fortifications 115 produced exclusively by ultrasonic heat sealing, which are preferably insensitive to water. Typically, the heat seal areas are the primary fixtures 111 relatively large (larger) in terms of surface area, toughness and / or integrity (than the heat seal areas of the secondary fasteners 115 ), resulting in an absolute or relatively high (higher) release force. In general, the fasteners may be in various sizes and shapes, such as round, elliptical, rectangular or square shapes; however, it is preferred to provide them with rounded edges to prevent the backing layer 101 and the auxiliary layer 102 tear apart during use. Preferably, primary fixings 111 arranged in a pattern consisting of rounded elements of which approximately 50% are oriented along an x-axis and the remainder along a y-axis. Combinations of ellipse-like shapes, such as one-dimensional and two-dimensional shapes, serve as excellent primary attachments 111 ,

It is also preferred to design the mounts to have an average surface area of at least about 0.5 mm ² , preferably at least about 1.0 mm ² , 2 mm ² or 3 mm ² , more preferably at least about 16 mm ² , Also, the density of the fixtures may vary, depending on the surface area of the individual fixtures and the desired separation forces. For example, for fasteners with a surface smaller than 1 cm ² , it is recommended to use a density of at least about 100 per m ² . In another embodiment of this invention, the primary fasteners are 111 arranged in a primary mounting grid composed of continuous lines such that additional liquid distribution and additional liquid transport, high separation force and high resistance to the propagation of any cracks or fissures in the pockets 130 is possible. The primary attachment pattern is carefully designed so that the swollen material remains stabilized in a wetted state around the sites where it was kept and / or immobilized in a dry state. Otherwise, the wet absorbent material would be broken and / or displaced resulting in faulty fluid management and performance degradation, reduced fit, and less comfort, even complete failure. The primary attachment pattern also serves the fluid management surface structures.

Apart from the primary fortifications 111 and the secondary fortifications 115 There are also non-fortified areas 19 in which there is essentially no attachment, bonding and / or Connection between the carrier layer 101 and the auxiliary layer 102 There are pockets 130 be created, in which the absorbent material 110 can be positioned to form well-designed clusters. The primary fortifications 111 correspond to a primary mounting grid, while the secondary fasteners 115 correspond to a secondary attachment pattern. Since the secondary attachment pattern is released under the swelling power of the absorbent materials and / or under the influence of water, the secondary attachment should 115 have a relatively low separation power. Preferably, the separation force necessary to release the attachment is less than about 5.0 N / cm, more preferably less than about 2.5, 2.0 or 1.0 N / cm, more preferably less than about zero , 75, 0.5 or 0.25 N / cm, and most preferably less than about 0.20 or 0.10 N / cm when used.

Adhesion strength, such as dry strength, wet tensile strength and / or wet strength, should meet all required parameters of the absorbent structure and will depend, inter alia, on the absorbent article, its product size and shape and the required service life. The specific structural and functional strength of the mounts between the auxiliary layer and the backing layer and / or the different wet strengths between the mounts of the primary fastening regions and the secondary fastening regions enable more efficient construction and use of the absorbent structures. This leads to more, faster and increased absorption, distribution and retention of fluids, such as body exudates. In addition, it also allows for better and more controlled fluid uptake and dispersion within the absorbent storage layer, resulting in more efficient and effective fluid exchange or transport from the less absorbent (eg, saturated) areas to the more highly absorbent (eg, unsaturated) areas leads.

In one embodiment of this invention, a specific water-soluble or water-sensitive secondary attachment is used, for example in the form of an adhesive as a secondary attachment medium. However, in a more preferred embodiment, both layers are heat sealed together, most preferably by wet insensitive ultrasonic bonding, without any synthetic additive admixtures. The heat seal areas of the secondary fixtures 115 are relatively small (smaller) in surface area, strength or integrity (than the primary fixings 115 ), resulting in an absolute or relatively low (lower) release force. The heat seal areas may be of various sizes and shapes, however, it is preferred to provide at least one sharp edge for tearing the support layer apart 101 and the auxiliary layer 102 to facilitate. Combinations of circle-like shapes, such as round and dot shapes, are also secondary attachments 115 prefers. The elimination of mounting media results in lower raw material and production costs and environmentally friendly / sustainable absorbent structures. It is also advantageous to use a heat seal as a fastener rather than an adhesive, as the cost of production is then usually much lower and the claim can be made to have an "adhesive-free" product, a claim that is important to environmentally conscious consumers.

As a carrier layer 101 and / or auxiliary layer 102 with a typical grammage in the range of 3 to 400 g / m ² , more preferably 5 to 75 g / m ² , one may choose from a variety of materials such as, but not limited to, high loft, air laid fabric, rigid, stretchable or elastic nonwoven fabrics or a woven fabric, wet laid material such as cellulose fabric, paper, foil, cloths, perforated films, foam material, thermoplastic material, adhesive layers or other suitable material within the absorbent structure 14 , The sandwich layers may consist of the same or different materials with different compositions, weights and / or structures. In a preferred embodiment, at least one of the layers is permeable to liquid over at least part of its surface, so that liquids can be absorbed in the z-direction. In another embodiment, both the carrier layer 101 as well as the auxiliary layer 102 liquid permeable. In yet another preferred embodiment, one of the layers is a liquid pervious nonwoven material and the other layer is a substantially liquid impermeable and possibly breathable polyethylene film (PE film) with the nonwoven positioned at the location of the expected liquid flow, such as at the support facing side of the absorbent structure 14 in the case of an absorbent article, such as a diaper, and the PE film is positioned away from the expected liquid flow in the case of an absorbent, such as a baby diaper, as on the garment facing side of the absorbent structure. In this case, one could choose, for example, 22 g / m ² polypropylene nonwoven material from Albis and 20 pm breathable polyethylene film from Nuova Panza. The use of the terminology "carrier layer" in no way means that the fabric should be strong enough to support the structure or that it is in the lower part of the absorbent structure 14 should be arranged. Also, "auxiliary layer" does not mean that this layer has a should have lower function or analogous in the upper part of the absorbent structure 14 should be arranged.

In an alternative embodiment, the carrier layer 101 and / or the auxiliary layer 102 however, an adhesive in combination with other immobilizing diluents such as sticky resins, plasticizers, and additives such as antioxidants could be any other composition, the absorbent polymer material according to the invention 110 essentially within the absorbent structure 14 can immobilize. Some immobilization materials are thermoplastic materials, others are not, while some initially thermoplastic materials lose their thermoplastic behavior due to a curing step, eg, initiated by heat, UV radiation, electron beam or moisture or other curing agents, resulting in more covalent crosslinking network irreversibility Bindings leads. The adhesive and the binders are preferably applied through a nozzle system.

Preferably, a nozzle system is used that can provide a relatively thin but wide curtain of binder. This adhesive curtain may be continuous or discontinuous to be applied to a homogeneous or heterogeneous surface, or it may be in various combinations of lines, lattices, spirals, figures, points, circles, etc. either at a particular or indefinite location of the target surface and / or. or any combination thereof. Those materials which have lost their initial thermoplastic behavior are also understood herein to be immobilizing materials. It has been found that compositions most suitable for immobilizing absorbent polymeric materials are those which combine controlled cohesion and adhesion behavior. The adhesion is hereby preferred to ensure that the layer has sufficient contact with the absorbent polymer material 110 maintains. The cohesion ensures that the attachment does not unintentionally detach or adhere, especially in response to external forces and especially under load. The fasteners are subject to external forces during use and when the absorbent structure swells due to the liquid absorbed.

In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the absorbent structure comprises 14 an additional distribution layer 100a which helps to additionally absorb, distribute and transport liquids and those in the distribution layer 100a to distribute penetrating liquid from the less absorbent (eg, saturated) areas to the more absorbent (eg, unsaturated) areas. In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the absorbent structure comprises 14 an additional liquid-impermeable, either hydrophilic or hydrophobic, transport layer 100b which helps to drain and transport liquids and the liquid over the surface of the transport layer 100b from the less absorbent (eg, saturated) areas to the more absorbent (eg, unsaturated) areas.

In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the absorbent structure comprises an additional thermoplastic immobilization layer, such as a thermoplastic adhesive or a binder (eg, hot melt adhesive), which helps absorb the absorbent materials 110 within the absorbent structure 14 to immobilize. It should be understood, however, that in the alternative embodiments thereof, the carrier layer 101 and / or the auxiliary layer 102 the same or similar properties as the distribution layer 100a and / or the transport layer 100b and, thus, may be uniform therewith to form the actual absorbent structure 14. For the sake of clarity, the embodiments described below will be explained so that the distribution layer 100a and the transport layer 100b to the carrier layer 101 and the auxiliary layer 102 within the absorbent structure 14 are complementary. Although such a distribution layer 100a or transport layer 100b is preferably located on the garment-facing side of the absorbent polymeric material region, it is understood that the orientation of the absorbent structure 14 Although not preferred, it can also be realigned to the distribution layer 100 or (for example, perforated) transport layer 100b to position on the wearer facing side of the absorbent polymer material area, while various combinations and variations are of course also possible. The distribution layer 100a and / or the transport layer 100b For example, they may also include access means such as perforations, holes, channels, openings, fixed or detachable pockets, and the like.

Due to the specific absorption capacity of the distribution layer 100a The fluid around the attachments between the pockets 130 into the distribution layer 100a pulled up and spreads over the rest of the distribution layer 100a out. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the liquid wetting of the distribution layer 100a Therefore, also touch the bottom of the absorbent polymeric material area, possibly completely or partially through the Upper gelation and / or blocking is closed. The absorbent material used in the compartments 130 is thus advantageously also by redirecting the liquid from the upper side through the distribution layer 100b in the absorbent material 110 , such as absorbent particulate polymeric material, contacts liquid from the lower side.

Due to the specific distribution capacity of the transport layer 100b becomes the liquid associated with the substantially liquid-impermeable transport layer 100b comes into contact, spread easily over the surface to absorb the absorbent materials 110 which are at the adjacent and / or lower surface of the absorbent polymeric material region, which is the side opposite the major surface side where the liquid was first deposited. The distribution, transport and absorption of the liquid will thus be greatly improved, and this rapid distribution will help to avoid large quantities of unbound liquids therein and help to prevent failure of the absorbent article and high rewet levels.

Providing additional and more direct coextensive transport, dispersion and transport of fluid to the even more absorbent underlying pockets and compartments of the absorbent structure enhances the effectiveness and efficiency of the available absorbent materials 110 , The presence of unbound liquid droplets leading to leaks, high rewet levels and discomfort is thereby minimized.

This distribution layer 100a preferably has an absorption capacity of at least about 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 g / m ² , preferably about 10 g / m ² , more preferably about 20 g / m ² , more preferably at least about 35 g / m ² , most preferably at least about 50 g / m ² or 100 g / m ² . Preferably, the distribution layer is located 100b in the form of a substantially continuous layer of cellulosic fibers such as a nonwoven or a sheet of paper or cloth. In a preferred embodiment, it has a grammage range in which the lower limit of the range is about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 g / m ² per ply, about 13 g / m ² per Location is about 15 g / m ² per layer. The upper limit of the basis weight range is about 150 g / m ² per layer, 100 g / m ² per layer, about 40 g / m ² per ply, or about 25 g / m ² per layer. A suitable transport layer 100b are, for example, coated polyethylene or polypropylene films, wherein the total thickness of such a film is usually in the range of 5 to 1500 .mu.m, preferably from 10 to 500 .mu.m, for example a corona-treated, hydrophilic, microporous embossed PE film in the thickness range of 15-22 .mu.m ,

The substantially liquid-impermeable transport layer 100b is provided, for example, by a substantially continuous layer of film, film, closed foam, plastic or similar substantially liquid-impermeable materials, media and / or layers. The effect of providing the substantially liquid-impermeable transport layer 100b in the form of a substantially continuous layer of film or film is to provide a substantially impermeable barrier. The provision of a film or film is advantageous as compared to the use of a permeable layer, such as a nonwoven material, since, unlike such nonwoven material, the film or film does not comprise fibers. Therefore, it is not possible for fibers to crack upon the film or film upon application of force, for example during movement and / or the liquid acquisition process (eg, during swelling and expansion of the absorbent material, such as superabsorbent polymers). Unlike nonwoven materials, such a transport layer contains 100b no inadvertent open spaces and cavities where unbound fluid can be stored, which will not increase the risk of leakage and re-wetting with reduced comfort and fit.

In a preferred embodiment, the carrier layer 101 , the auxiliary layer 102 , the distribution layer 100a and / or the transport layer 100b wholly or partially hydrophilic or hydrophobic. In a more preferred embodiment, they are provided with a hydrophilic or hydrophobic coating. Combinations thereof are also included. The effect of providing such layers with coatings is that the properties of the layer can be modified according to the intended use. For example, synthetic materials that are inherently hydrophobic, such as polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP), may, for example, be provided with a coating layer such that the resulting material has a contact angle of less than 50 °, preferably less than 35 °, more preferably less as 25 °, more preferably less than 20 °, most preferably less than 15 ° to a water droplet lying on it. For example, materials that are inherently hydrophilic may be provided with a hydrophobic coating layer such that the resulting material exhibits hydrophobic properties. This may be advantageous because a cheap base layer, which itself does not have the desired property, on at least one of its pages can be tuned to show the desired characteristic, thereby achieving cost savings. The coating can be applied by a commonly used suitable method, such as a slot coater or by a spray method. It is particularly preferred to apply the coating by the reverse gravure roll method, with which an extremely homogeneous coating with application weights of 0.5 to 5.0 g / m ² can be applied. The thickness of the coating on the finished film or the finished film is preferably 3 to 1000 nm, in particular 30 to 200 nm. Obviously, such a coating can also be applied continuously, substantially continuously, partially or at discrete locations, possibly a plurality of flow-improving Show patterns and / or shapes, depending on the desired end product and the desired characteristics.

The distribution layer used 100a and / or transport layer 100b may differ in grammage, thickness, composition or other properties. When provided as multi-ply sheets, they may be passively bonded or bonded or a certain amount of adhesive or other fastener may be added to provide additional adhesion to portions of the component plies. For example, needles, embossments, or other thermal or mechanical bonding agents could be used to actively bond the substantially continuous layer proximate to some or all edges of the film, thereby providing increased resistance to unwanted release of the component layers. Bonding may also be by ultrasound bonding or autogenous bonding or other binding methods known in the art. For example, if the edges of the plies or layers match the edges of the outer plies, the adhesive bond and heat seal adhesive may not provide active bonding, depending on the adhesive used and the surface energy properties of the ply. In this case, a mechanical connection may be more desirable, for example, by mechanical bonding to a mechanical binding station after formation of the multiple layers. Depending on the structural and functional requirements, the binding parameters can be adjusted to obtain the most suitable dry and wet strength values. If desired, multiple layers of the substantially continuous layer can be joined and embossed. If desired, the layers may be joined together using a button-to-button or button-to-face surface embossing, as is known in the art. Alternatively, the multiple layers may be embossed using a nested embossment. The substantially continuous layer may have various physical properties.

The distribution layer 100a preferably has an absorbency in the range of about 0.1 g to 3 g of water per g of distribution layer, preferably from about 3 to 7 g, more preferably from about 7 to 10 g, and preferably the absorbency is greater than about 10 g of water per g of distribution layer 100a , The distribution layer 100a typically has an absorption capacity of at least about 5-10 g / ^m2 , preferably at least about 30 g / ^m2 , more preferably at least about 50 g / ^m2 , more preferably at least about 75 g / ^m2 , preferably at least about 100 g / ^m2 or 150 g / m ² . Preferably, the distribution layer is located 100a in the form of a substantially continuous web of cellulosic fibers, such as a sheet of paper, cloth or drained, air laid or wet laid material.

Despite the high absorbency and distribution capacities of the substantially continuous layer, the bulkiness of this layer is absolute and relatively limited, for example, as compared to prior art absorbent articles and absorbent structures which allow the thinner, more flexible and more comfortable structures provided.

For the present invention, the substantially continuous layers may have a grammage in the range of about 5 g / m ² to about 150 g / m ² . Preferably, the substantially continuous layer may have a basis weight ranging from about 13 g / m ² to about 23 g / m ^2. More preferably, the substantially continuous layer may have a grammage of about 16 to 18 g / m ² . The substantially continuous layers preferably have sufficient strength to accomplish their intended tasks. Preferably, the substantially continuous layer retains its integrity when partially or completely wetted so that the distribution of liquids to and immobilization of the absorbent materials can be achieved. The spreading layer preferably has a wet tensile strength ranging from a lower limit of about 50-75 g, and preferably about 200 g, to an upper limit of about 800 g, more preferably about 600 g, and most preferably about 400 g. This is advantageous because it gives the layer a good combination of absorbency and wet strength. The substantially continuous layer may be creped, uncreped or wet microcontracted fabric. The substantially continuous layer may be a nonwoven, paper or web consisting essentially of cellulose papermaking fibers. Optionally, the in Substantially continuous layer may be shortened and / or contain synthetic fibers. In a preferred embodiment of the absorbent article according to the invention, the bonds, links and joints are from the distribution layer 100a not permanent, so that the bonds during wetting partially break, dissolve and / or disintegrate.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention connect or bind parts of the carrier layer 101 and / or auxiliary layer 102 Parts of the distribution layer 100a ; the distribution layer 100a forms together with one or more layers of the absorbent structure 14 Cavities for the immobilization of the absorbent material, preferably absorbent particulate polymer material. The adhesive strength should meet the required parameters of the absorbent structure and depends, inter alia, on the product size, shape, category and the required service life and performance.

The bags 130 can have a regular shape, an irregular shape, or a combination of them. Preferred shapes of the bags 130 are circular, elliptical or square with a diameter, radius or side greater than about 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, more preferably greater than about 0.75 mm and less than about 60 mm, more preferably greater than about 1.0 mm and less than about 40 mm, more preferably greater than about 2.0 mm and less than about 20 mm, and most preferably greater than about 3.0 mm and less than about 15 mm. The absorbent material 110 does not necessarily fill the pockets 130 completely, since it could be beneficial to have some empty space next to the absorbent material 110 in the pockets 130 to leave or some pockets 130 partially or completely empty. The inventor has found that in particular rectangular shaped pockets 130 with a side length of about 10 mm are particularly advantageous as building blocks for the final shed sizes within the wetted and released absorbent structure 14 be used because they are easier to produce at high production speeds, while still allowing precise control of the prescribed bond strength of the primary and secondary fasteners.

Preferably, the distribution of the absorbent polymer material is profiled, and more preferably profiled longitudinally. Therefore, the grammage of the absorbent polymeric material will vary along the longitudinal axis of the absorbent structure, which normally coincides with the longitudinal axis of the absorbent article, such as the baby diaper. Preferably, the grammage of the absorbent polymeric material is at least about a 10% or 20% or 30%, 40%, 50% to more than 100% higher than the grammage of the at least one free first square of dimensions 1 cm x 1 cm absorbent polymer material in at least one freely chosen second square of 1 cm x 1 cm. Preferably, the criterion is satisfied when the first and the second square are centered about the longitudinal axis.

The primary fortifications 111 essentially have the friction and tension during normal use of the absorbent structure 14 and withstand the forces arising from the expanding and swelling absorbent material 110 resulting from fluid intake. Since the bond strength of water-sensitive fasteners is very difficult to control under conditions of use, they are preferably not in an absorbent structure 14 used according to the present invention. Preferably, the dry and / or wet release force that is necessary is the primary attachment grid between the carrier layer 101 and the auxiliary layer 102 higher than about 0.05 N / cm or about 0.75 N / cm, more preferably higher than about 0.1 N / cm, 0.2 N / cm or 0.3 N / cm, still more preferably higher than about 1.0 N / cm, 1.5 N / cm, 2.5 N / cm, and most preferably greater than about 3-5 N / cm. The mounting grid and pattern may consist of different sub-areas corresponding to different separation forces.

Like from the 4 and 5 As can be seen, the pattern of absorbent material formed between the fasteners may be random or regular, substantially continuous or insulated, fully masking or partially covering and / or any other suitable combination. Preferably, the regions of the absorbent material consist of multiple clusters of absorbent material 110 that are surrounded by areas where there is essentially no absorbent material 110 which can serve as additional distribution and transport channels, and the fluid flow from the point of impact to available clusters of absorbent material 110 facilitate. The weight distribution of the absorbent material 110 over the absorbent structure 14 may be uniform over the major surface or may be profiled, ie the grammage of the absorbent material 110 can be dependent on its position in the absorbent structure 14 which is very desirable, for example, for use in diapers and trouser hems, where one has absolute and / or relatively more absorbent material 110 want to concentrate near the point of liquid entry. Suitable materials such as highly permeable SAP are offered by Evonik, BASF and Nippon Shokubai. Although preferably the absorbent polymeric material up to 100% of the absorbent material 110 however, it may also be used in combination with other materials such as cellulosic fibers or fluff pulp, but preferably the amount of fibrous materials would be no more than about zero to 40% by weight. Fully cellulose-free structures benefit maximally from this invention.

The overall absorption and swellability of an absorbent polymeric material is controlled by the type and degree of crosslinking agents used to prepare the hydrogel. Low density, crosslinked SAP generally has a higher absorption capacity and is therefore typically capable of swelling to a relatively greater extent. These types of SAP also have a softer and stickier gelation. High density crosslinked SAP generally has lower absorbent capacity and swells to a relatively lower degree, but the strength of the gel is greater and can maintain the particulate shape even under moderate pressure. Absorbent polymer material is commonly prepared from the polymerization of sodium hydroxide mixed acrylic acid in the presence of an initiator to form a polyacrylic acid sodium salt (sometimes referred to as sodium polyacrylate). This polymer is the most common type of SAP produced in the world today. Other materials are also used to make an SAP, such as polyacrylamide copolymer, ethylene-maleic anhydride copolymer, cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol copolymers, cross-linked polyethylene oxide and starch grafted copolymer of polyacrylonitrile, to name a few. The latter is one of the older SAP forms that were created. All of these SAP technologies have been standard in the absorbent structural industries for many years and are known to those skilled in the art. In general, SAP manufacturers can vary various process parameters and finishing specifications such as degree of crosslinking and particle size, offering designers of absorbent articles a wide range of absorbent polymer material products, from low swellability SAPs to high swellability and slow swelling behavior to fast swelling behavior. By suitable choice, one can design absorbent structures with a combination of such different SAP concepts, preferably using the fast swelling SAP and / or SAP with high swellability in the areas that would serve as heights or barriers, while preferably the slow swelling SAP and / or SAP with low swelling capability would be used in the areas that would have to act as depressions or channels.

In an alternative embodiment of this invention, one may use higher amounts of SAP in certain areas, while others would be free of SAP or have relatively limited amounts of SAP such that the wetted areas would swell with relatively higher amounts of SAP to form heights while those with or without relatively limited amounts of SAP would form the pits.

The divergence of the secondary fortifications 115 allows the carrier layer 101 and / or the auxiliary layer 102 to deform, to stretch and to change its shape. As a result, the bags are 130 with minimal volume able to expand to intermediate volume and finally to compartments with maximum volume to accommodate the extra volume made of the highly expandable absorbent material 110 results. As in 6 Thus, it becomes an absorbent structure 14 with expandable pockets 130 with additionally activated free swelling volume generated, which allows the absorbent material 110 is used more effectively and efficiently and reduces the risk of bursting of one or more sandwich layers. For example, the additional volume created by the expanding pockets may be about 1% to 5% of the original volume. Preferably, it is greater than about 5% to 25%, more preferably greater than about 25% to 50%, most preferably greater than about 50% or 100% of the original volume. In an alternative embodiment, the absorbent structure 14 from multilayer sandwich structures, wherein on the first sandwich structure of carrier layer 101 - absorbent material 110 Auxiliary layer 102 additional layers of absorbent material and / or complementary layers can be added. Such structures can provide good fluid absorption while maintaining product integrity in the dry and wet states.

The 7 . 8th and 9 show embodiments according to the invention, in which the secondary attachment 115 from weaker secondary fortifications 115 ' and stronger secondary attachments 115 ' consists of weaker secondary fixings 115 ' loosen faster than the stronger secondary fixtures 115 ' , The different functionalities between the primary fixtures 111 and the secondary fortifications 115 in combination with the binding strength differentiation between weaker secondary fixings 115 ' and stronger secondary attachments 115 ' allow the design of an absorbent structure 14 with a predetermined, controlled and / or phased Volume expansion of the absorbent structure for ultimate fluid management.

In a more preferred embodiment, the absorbent structure is 14 from weaker secondary fortifications 115 ' at the periphery of the absorbent structure 14 What a primary and easy expansion of the absorbent material 110 adjacent the longitudinal and / or end edges of the absorbent structure 14 allowing for encapsulation or anti-leakage barriers within the absorbent structure 14 be generated. Such a special internal barrier construction has great advantages before use, during use and after use, for the construction of disposable absorbent personal care articles such as garments, diapers or pants. As in the 7 . 8th and 9 As shown, the weaker secondary attachment loosens 115 ' to first barriers or ramparts 150 while forming the stronger secondary fortifications 115 ' the only later occurring secondary barriers or ramparts 151 form. The essentially wet-resistant permanent primary lattices form channels 152 between the first walls 150 and / or the secondary ramparts 151 , Due to the time difference between the formation of the first ramparts 150 and the formation of secondary ramparts 151 become the first ramparts 150 enclose the liquid within the product where it passes through the channels 152 can be distributed, and it passes through secondary ramparts 151 further stored and contained therein. Obviously combinations and variants are possible.

For example, in a preferred embodiment, barriers may be created in such a way as to provide a pocket in the form of an elongate or rounded depression substantially surrounded by barriers. Such barriers may be lowered or broken to create one or more inlets or outlets. The void space within the pocket may be used, in particular, to store liquids, solids and / or high viscosity liquids. In baby diaper or adult incontinence products, such additional barriers may act as a cushion, provide comfort, keep the skin away from the stool, and prevent stool from being squeezed out of the absorbent article when the wearer is applying pressure, e.g. by sitting on the product. Different shapes, sizes, positions and combinations can be considered. In a more preferred embodiment of this invention, one can create a bag that accommodates chair, since it is known that baby chair can be very "liquid-like".

Human excrement (or human faeces), also known as stool, is the waste product of the human digestive system and varies significantly in appearance, depending on the condition of the whole digestive system, influenced by nutrition and health. Normally stools are semi-solid, with a layer of mucus. The Bristol Chair Shapes Charter or Bristol Chair Shapes Scale is a medical tool to divide the shape of a human chair into seven categories. In the UK it is sometimes called "Meyers scale" designates. It was developed by KW Heaton at the University of Bristol and 1997 published in the Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. The shape of the chair depends on the time it spends in the colon.

1. 1. Einzelne, feste Kügelchen, schwer auszuscheiden
2. 2. Wurstartig, klumpig
3. 3. Wurstartig mit rissiger Oberfläche
4. 4. Wurstartig mit glatter Oberfläche
5. 5. Einzelne weiche, glattrandige Klümpchen, leicht auszuscheiden
6. 6. Einzelne weiche Klümpchen mit unregelmäßigem Rand
7. 7. Flüssig, ohne feste Bestandteile

The seven types of chair are:

1. 1. Single, solid globules, difficult to eliminate
2. 2. Sausage-like, lumpy
3. 3. Sausage-like with a cracked surface
4. 4. Sausage-like with a smooth surface
5. 5. Single soft, smooth-clotted lumps, easy to excrete
6. 6. Single soft lumps with irregular rim
7. 7. Liquid, without solids

The types 1 and 2 indicate constipation, while 3 and 4 are the "ideal stool", especially the latter, since it is the most easily excreted, and 5-7, which go further towards diarrhea or urgency. The stool of young children, and especially of younger babies, can often be in a type 5 . 6 or 7 can be classified and can be referred to as a "liquid chair".

Due to its high viscosity, the liquid stool is not significantly absorbed by the topsheet of the absorbent article and often results in leakage. The leakage of stool from an absorbent article is even less valued than the leakage of urine, as the former causes even more inconvenience to the wearer and caregiver and brings more health and hygiene problems. By creating the superficial fluid management system, such as a chair pocket, a cavity can be created that can be filled with stool. Locked in by the barriers, the chair essentially stays in place. For a chair pouch to function optimally, the wells should be at least 5%, preferably 10%, more preferably 15%, or most preferably at least 20% lower than the heights in the rear portion of the product.

In an alternative embodiment, at least one of the carrier layers 101 or auxiliary layer 102 made of an elastic or stretchable material that allows at least a first volume expansion before the gradually increasing expansion force of the wetting and swelling absorbent materials 110 the eventual break-up of the wet secondary fortifications 118 triggers.

Referring to the 10 AB correspond to the primary fixings 111 from the absorbent structure 14 a predefined primary binding grid 113 whereas the secondary fortifications 115 from the absorbent structure 14 a secondary bond pattern 117 correspond. These grid and pattern shapes are developed in view of the desired structural and functional features. Obviously, these gratings and patterns are merely illustrations and examples, as various combinations, shapes and sizes are, of course, possible with respect to desirable absorbent structures. Referring to 10A For example, the lines of these patterns may be regularly or irregularly arranged, continuously or discontinuously, coextensively with the entire surface of the absorbent structure or only a portion thereof, and any combination and / or derivatives thereof. These lines may be along the longitudinal, transverse or diagonal axis of the absorbent structure 14 or alternatively be oriented at any angle with respect to this axis. It has been found that a continuous arrangement of these lines is continuous on the absorbent structure 14 creates additional channels and wells that facilitate fluid transport from the point of fluid contact to the rest of the absorbent structure via mass flow, thus allowing for better and more extensive instantaneous fluid management via local capillary flow. Care should be taken, however, not to direct liquid all the way to the side of the absorbent structures to avoid leakage some time after penetration; Preferably, therefore, they guide the liquid to the entire surface of the absorbent structure except for its outer edges. Another preferred grid and pattern pattern includes polygons, for example pentagons and hexagons, or a combination thereof. Even irregular patterns are possible. In essence, those meshes and patterns that provide optimal packaging of absorbent particulate material in dry, smaller pockets are preferred 130 permitting ideal and maximum volume expansion to a larger compartment in the wet state, taking into account the thin and flexible absorbent structures. Excessive loss of bag and / or capacity with regard to primary and secondary attachment grids and patterns, respectively in the dry and wet states, is preferably avoided.

Referring to 10B are exemplary absorbent structures with intact primary bond lattices 113 and released secondary patterns 117 shown to the larger and fewer compartments in contrast to the multitude of smaller pockets 130 passing through the intact primary fixtures 111 and secondary fortifications 115 are formed ( 10 A), lead. The invention provides the use of an absorbent structure according to an embodiment of the invention in an absorbent product selected from the following: coffee pods, disposable body warmers, laundry detergents, filter material, insulating material, make-up pads, antiseptic cotton wool, feminine hygiene garments, baby diapers, baby pants, Incontinence garments for adults; Preferably, the absorbent article is a feminine hygiene garment, a baby diaper, a baby panties or an adult incontinence garment. The construction of such commercially available products is known in the art.

The absorbent structure claimed according to the present invention is thin and flexible and thus has a low flexural strength. The flexural strength of the absorbent structures is measured by the flexural stiffness determined by the test modeled according to the ASTM D 4032-82 Bend Method, which method is significantly modified and modified as in EP0336578B1 described is carried out. In a preferred embodiment of the absorbent article of the invention, the absorbent structure has a flexural strength of less than 500.0 grams, more preferably less than about 250.0-350.0 grams, and more preferably less than about 175.0 grams, and most preferably less than about 130.0 or 100.0 grams. Thus, the absorbent structure of the present invention is very flexible and adapts very well to the various forms of the urogenital region. The use of an absorbent structure with this low flexural strength has the effect of providing a more flexible absorbent article. This feature is advantageous because such a structure will fold and facilitate easily so that the structure adapts to a body shape and thus results in fit and comfort of the wearer.

The absorbent structure claimed according to the present invention has excellent dry and wet immobilization property and minimum moisture immobilization values measured with the Shake Weight Retention Test determined by the moisture immobilization test and as described in U.S. Pat US Patent Application 20070167928 is described, are very cheap. In a preferred embodiment of the absorbent structure of the invention, the absorbent structure has a moisture immobilization of greater than 60 weight percent, preferably greater than 70 weight percent, more preferably greater than 80 weight percent, and most preferably greater than 90 weight percent. -% on. Such an absorbent structure has increased load capacity and absorbent capacity.

Referring to 11 are a method and apparatus for producing a composite structure 700 in accordance with the present invention comprising a plurality of discrete particle material clusters 703 preferably discretely distributed and on a carrier layer 101 are separated and selected amounts of particulate matter 703 contain. The representatively shown apparatus includes a particulate matter supply device 200 for providing absorbent materials 110 on a carrier layer 101 , A tissue delivery device 400 and a fabric transport device 402 make a carrier layer 101 ready and a support facility 600 moved over leadership facilities 601 and 602 the carrier layer 101 adjacent to a storage device, preferably in the form of a substantially endless rotating drum 100 is provided. A particle material supply device 200 directs the absorbent material 110 by means of a dosing system 204 and a feed tube 205 to a nearby opening 206 out. Optional brush devices 208 help the cluster facilities 250 "Fill up correctly".

The storage facilities 206 preferably have cluster devices 250 with a pattern of perforations arranged to provide a desired deposition pattern of particulate matter clusters 703 on the carrier layer 101 to form and provide. The support facility 600 is preferably in substantial contact with the support surface 412 the carrier layer 101 , The support facility 600 preferably provides a close enough connection between the deposition surface 411 the carrier layer 101 and the cluster devices 250 sure, to avoid unwanted migration of particulate matter 110 from the carrier deposition zones to the carrier intermediate deposition zones. Preferably, a positioning device is provided with the support device 600 can be uniform and any blurring in the print pattern of the particle material clusters 703 stabilized, positioned and / or repositioned relative to an accurate pocket pattern prior to immobilization. A covering device 500 and a tissue transport 502 make an auxiliary layer 102 ready, such as a liquid pervious fibrous web such as a nonwoven, paper, cloth, cloth, woven fabric or a perforated film.

Alternatively, the auxiliary layer 101 also represent a homogeneous and / or heterogeneous layer of glue, adhesive, binders, resins, thermoplastic material, and the like, which are the particulate material clusters 703 between the support layer and the auxiliary layer to form a composite structure 700 such as an absorbent structure 14 sandwiched between can include. However, this relatively expensive, technically difficult and environmentally damaging alternative embodiment according to the invention is not preferred over the nonwoven, paper or fabric-like layer. A particularly preferred fastening process according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises an air flow generated by blowing zones having an overpressure compared to standard process pressure and / or by suction zones having a negative pressure compared to standard process pressure. Alternatively, a combination of blowing and / or suction holes is used for the airflow. ultrasonic devices 800 and adhesive application devices 900 and or 901 may also be provided.

An exemplary absorbent article is a disposable baby diaper.

12 is a top view of a diaper 10 as a preferred embodiment of an absorbent article having an absorbent structure according to the present invention. It should be understood, however, that the present invention is also applicable to other absorbent articles such as feminine hygiene garments, baby pants, adult incontinence garments, and the like.

The absorbent article is shown in its flat, uncontracted state with the side of the wearer facing the viewer. Sections of the absorbent article are cut away to the underlying structure of the diaper 10 containing the absorbent elements and absorbent components to show more clearly. The chassis 12 the diaper 10 in 12 includes the main body of the diaper 10 , The chassis 12 includes an outer cover which is a liquid pervious topsheet 18 and / or a liquid-impermeable backsheet 20 includes. The chassis 12 can be part of an absorbent structure 14 include that between the upper class 18 and the lower class 20 is included. The chassis 12 can also be the largest or the entire part of the absorbent structure 14 include that between the upper class 18 and the lower class 20 is included. The chassis 12 preferably further includes side cuffs or wings 22, elasticized cuffs 24 on the leg and elastic waist cuffs 26 , where the cuffs 24 on the leg and the elastic waistband 26 each typically elastic elements 28 include. An end section of the diaper 10 is as a front waist area 30 the diaper 10 designed. The opposite end portion is as a rear waist area 32 the diaper 10 designed. An intermediate section of the diaper 10 is as a step area 34 designed, extending between the first and second waist area 30 and 32 extends in the longitudinal direction. The waist areas 30 and 32 may include elastic members so that they wrap around the waist of the wearer to provide improved fit and retention (eg, elastic waist cuff) 26 ). The crotch area 34 is that part of the diaper 10 that when the diaper 10 is generally positioned between the legs of the wearer. The diaper 10 is with its longitudinal axis 36 and its transverse axis 38 shown. The periphery of the diaper 10 is through the outer edges of the diaper 10 defined in which the longitudinal edges 42 essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis 36 the diaper 10 run and the end edges 44 between the longitudinal edges 42 generally parallel to the transverse axis 38 the diaper are lost. The chassis 12 Also includes a fastening system comprising at least one fastening or security element 46 and at least one receiving zone 48 may include. The different components within the diaper 10 can be bound, bonded or attached by any method known in the art, for example, by adhesives in uniform continuous layers, patterned layers or arrangements of separate lines, spirals or spots. The upper class 18 , the lower class 20 , the absorbent structure 14 and other components may be assembled in a variety of well known configurations and are well known in the art.

The lower class 20 covers the absorbent structure 14 and preferably extends over the absorbent structure 14 out to the longitudinal edges 42 and the end margins 44 the diaper 10 back and can with the upper class 18 be connected. The lower class 20 prevents it from being absorbed by the absorbent structure 14 absorbed and in the diaper 10 body exudates contaminate other external objects that may come in contact with the wearer, such as sheets and underwear. In preferred embodiments, the underlayer is 20 substantially impermeable to body exudates and comprising a laminate of a nonwoven fabric and a thin plastic film, such as a thermoplastic film. The lower class 20 Can include breathable materials that allow for diaper outfits 10 escapes while still preventing body exudates through the lower layer 20 pass. It can be semi-rigid, non-elastic and can be fully or partially elastic and contain a carrier. The lower layers 20 may be assembled in a variety of well-known configurations and are known in the art.

The diaper 10 has an upper class 18 which is preferably soft, compliant, has good punctures, and has a reduced tendency to rewet from the liquid-absorbent material. The upper class 18 is placed in the immediate vicinity of the wearer's skin when the diaper 10 will be carried. In this way, such an upper class allows 18 That body exudates penetrate these quickly, making them faster to the absorbent structure 14 but the topsheet preferably does not allow such body exudates to pass through the topsheet 18 flow back. The upper class 18 may be constructed of any material from a wide range of liquid and vapor permeable, preferably hydrophilic, materials. The upper and lower surface of the upper layer 18 may be treated differently and may, for example, contain a surfactant on the top surface to facilitate fluid transport therethrough, particularly at a central zone or central region of the overlying absorbent structure 10 arranged upper class 18 to facilitate and, for example, contain a hydrophobic agent on the lower surface to prevent wetting contact of the liquid contained in the absorbent core with the topsheet 18 minimize rewet values.

The upper class 18 may also be coated with a substance that has anti-rash or diminishing properties (eg aloe vera). The upper class 18 covers substantially all of the wearer facing area of the diaper 10 including essentially the entire front waist area 30 , the back waist area 32 and the crotch area 34 , Further, the side cuff 22 and / or waistband layers of the inner region may be formed of the same single topsheet material and thus may be integrated with the topsheet 18 when forming longitudinal and transverse dimensions of the material of the cover layer 18 be seen. Alternatively, the upper class 18 be formed of several different materials, exceeding the width of the upper class 18 vary. Such a multi-part design allows the creation of preferred properties and different zones of the topsheet 18 , The upper class 18 can semi-rigid, non-elastic and made completely or partially elastic. The upper class 18 can be assembled in a variety of well known configurations and is well known in the art. The absorbent structure 14 in 12 is generally between the upper class 18 and the lower class 20 arranged. The absorbent structure 14 can be any absorbent material 110 which is generally compressible, conformable, non-irritating to the wearer's skin and can absorb and retain body exudates.

The absorbent structure 14 can handle a wide variety of fluid-absorbent materials 110 commonly used in absorbent articles, such as e.g. As fluff pulp, which is generally referred to as air-laid. Examples of other suitable absorbent materials include creped cellulose wadding; meltblown polymers; chemically stiffened, modified or crosslinked cellulose fibers; Tissues, including tissue sheaths and fabric coatings; absorbent foams; absorbent sponges; absorbent polymer materials; absorbent gelling materials; or any other known absorbent materials or combinations of materials. The absorbent structure 14 may also comprise minor amounts (typically less than 10%) of non-liquid absorbent materials such as adhesives, binders, plastics, waxes, oils, and the like. The absorbent structure 14 According to various embodiments of the invention, it may be configured to extend substantially the entire length and / or width of the diaper 10 extends. Alternatively, the absorbent structure 14 according to the invention, however, not with the entire diaper 10 coextensive and is on certain areas of the diaper 10 , such as the crotch area 34 , limited. In various embodiments, the absorbent structure extends 14 to the edges of the diaper 10 and the absorbent material 110 is in the crotch area 34 or another target zone of the diaper 10 concentrated. In yet another embodiment, the particles may be a combination of absorbent material 110 , which preferably comprises absorbent polymeric material, and skin care particles, such as ion exchange resins, deodorants, antimicrobials, binder particles or other useful particles.

The diaper 10 Can also be a pair of cuffs or cuffs 24 use. Every cuff 24 is a longitudinally extending wall structure, preferably on each side of the absorbent structure 14 positioned and laterally to the longitudinal axis 36 is spaced. The longitudinal ends of the cuffs 24 can, for example, at the upper class 18 in the front and back waist areas 30 and 32 attached or connected. Preferably, the ends of the cuffs 24 attached to the inside and attached, for example, by gluing or ultrasonic connection to the lower structure. Such a construction tightens the cuffs 24 effectively inside and is generally considered to cause the cuffs 24 have improved leakage protection properties. Preferably, the cuffs are 24 with elastic elements 28 equipped, extending along a substantial length of the cuffs 24 extend. In a common application, the elastic elements 28 in the cuffs 24 , preferably at the top of the cuffs 24 arranged in a stretched condition and then at least at their ends with the cuff 24 glued or sound-connected. When they are released or otherwise able to relax, the elastic elements pull 28 back inside. When the diaper 10 worn, the elastic elements act 28 so that they are the cuffs 24 to contract the buttocks and thighs of the wearer in a way that creates a seal between the diaper 10 , the buttocks and thighs. The cuffs 24 can be assembled in a variety of well known configurations and are well known in the art.

The diaper 10 may also use additional layers known in the art, including a receptive layer or a capture layer, which is preferably disposed between the topsheet and the absorbent core and topsheet and / or topsheet layers. This serves to slow the flow so that the liquid has sufficient time to be absorbed by the absorbent core.

To the diaper 10 To hold it in place around the wearer will preferably be at least part of the rear waist region 32 by fastening or securing elements 46 on at least part of the front waist region 30 fastened, preferably to form leg openings and a waist of the absorbent article. The fastening or securing elements 46 carry the tensile load around the waist of the absorbent article and complement the elastic elements 28 By doing a quasi-seal between the wearer, the elastic waistband 26 and the cuffs 24 Create so that body exudates in the diaper 10 contained and then absorbed. In other words, not by gaps between the wearer and the conclusion of the diaper 10 something comes out. The fastening or securing elements 46 For example, adhesive, mechanical fasteners, hook and loop fasteners, conceivable threads and / or or combinations thereof, that is, everything that is an end to the diaper 10 at the longitudinally opposite end of the diaper 10 guaranteed. The fastening or securing elements 46 can also stick together so that they adhere to each other, but not to other materials.

The fastening or securing elements 46 and any component thereof may include any material suitable for such use, including, but not limited to, plastics, films, foams, nonwoven fabrics, woven fabrics, paper, laminates, fiber reinforced plastics, and the like, or combinations thereof. It may be preferred that the materials that comprise the attachment or securing elements 46 are flexible, malleable and / or elastic which allows them to better conform to the shape and movements of the body and thus reduce the likelihood that the attachment system will irritate or injure the wearer's skin. Preferably, the diaper is 10 attached by adhesive tape fasteners to the carrier, which is permanently attached to the backsheet 20 are attached. Adhesive tab fasteners are brought into contact or connected to the transversely opposite side cuffs or wings 22 and extend from the backsheet 20 where they remain attached due to the binding material applied to the fasteners. Alternatively, the absorbent article may be pants and the like. In this configuration, the absorbent article may or may not have adhesive tab fasteners. However, special disposable adhesive strips may also be provided on such absorbent articles. All fastening and securing elements 46 can be assembled in a variety of well known configurations and are well known in the art.

The waist areas 30 and 32 each include a central region and a pair of side cuffs or wings 22, typically including the outer side regions of the waist regions. These side cuffs 22 Can be consistent with the chassis 12 and / or the lower class 20 may be attached to or attached to it by any means known in the art. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the side cuffs are 22 in the back waist area 32 are positioned, in at least the lateral direction (ie by elastically created side cuffs) flexible, stretchable and / or elastic; in another embodiment, the side cuffs are 22 non-elastic, semi-rigid, rigid and / or stiff. This variety of side cuffs 22 is known in the art.

Furthermore, waist cuffs can 26 using elastic elements along the transverse section of the diaper 10 be positioned so that the waist cuffs 26 When worn, are positioned along the waist of the wearer. In general, this creates the waistband 26 preferably a seal against the waist, so that body exudates are not from the areas between the elastic waistband 26 and the waist of the wearer emerge. Although the body exudates mainly from the absorbent materials in the diaper 10 The seal is important when taking into account that the introduction of the liquid by the wearer the absorption rate capacity of the absorbent structure 14 can overwhelm. Therefore, keep the waist cuffs 26 the liquid back while being absorbed; they are well known in the art.

The absorbent article, like a diaper 10 , may also include such other features, components, and elements as are known in the art, including front and back sashes, waistcap properties, elastics, and the like to provide better fit, containment, and aesthetic properties. These features can be assembled in a variety of well known configurations and are well known in the art.

The process for producing preferred absorbent structures according to the present invention comprises the following steps: A carrier layer 101 is provided on which the absorbent material 110 is applied by methods known in the art. To the absorbent material 110 deposit, vacuum, gravity or other forces can be used become. Then an auxiliary layer 102 provided the absorbent material 110 covered, and primary binding regions 111 and secondary binding regions 115 are provided. If one wishes to use adhesives or chemical binders, it may be useful to add them before contacting the sandwich structure with the backing layer 101 and / or the auxiliary layer 102 connect to. If one chooses thermally sealed adhesive areas, the heat seal can be applied after the sandwich structural components have been brought together. Of course, it is also possible to combine both techniques in the same absorbent structure.

The process for preparing preferred absorbent structures 14 according to the present invention comprises the following steps: A carrier layer 101 is provided on which absorbent material 110 is arranged by methods known in the art. To the absorbent material 110 deposit, vacuum, gravity or other forces can be used. Then an auxiliary layer 102 provided the absorbent material 110 covered, and primary fortifications 111 and secondary fortifications 115 are provided, preferably by sound connection. If one wishes to use adhesives or chemical binders, it may be useful to add them before contacting the sandwich structure with the backing layer 101 and / or the auxiliary layer 102 connect to. If one chooses thermo-welded or sonic joints, then heat-sealing can be applied after the sandwich structural components have been brought together. Of course, it is also possible to combine both techniques in the same absorbent structure.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• WO 9517868 [0009]
• WO 9526209 [0011]
• EP 1447066 [0012]
• EP 0336578 B1 [0199]
• US 20070167928 [0200]

Cited non-patent literature

• "Meyers scale" designates. It was developed by K.W. Heaton at the University of Bristol and in 1997 [0192]

Claims (15)

Absorbent article, wherein the absorbent article is a feminine hygiene garment, a baby diaper, baby pants or adult incontinence garment; wherein the absorbent article comprises a liquid pervious topsheet, a liquid impermeable backsheet, and an absorbent structure disposed between the liquid pervious topsheet and the liquid impermeable backsheet, the absorbent structure having longitudinal edges extending longitudinally of the absorbent article; wherein the absorbent structure (14) comprises at least one carrier layer (101) and at least an auxiliary layer (102) and an absorbent material (110); wherein the backing layer and the auxiliary layer are joined by substantially permanent primary fasteners (111) and substantially temporary secondary fasteners (115); wherein, apart from the first fasteners and the second fasteners, there are also unsecured regions where there is substantially no attachment, bonding and / or bonding between the backing layer and the auxiliary layer, thereby providing compartments (130) in which the absorbent material resides ; the primary fasteners being made of ultrasonic bonds; the primary fasteners comprising a plurality of attachment regions between the longitudinal edges in the form of lines creating additional channels and wells which promote fluid transport from the liquid contact site to the rest of the absorbent structure via mass flow, resulting in better and more widely distributed immediate liquid management over localized flows Capillary flow allowed; the lines being designed such that they do not allow liquid to be wholly directed to the side of the absorbent structures to prevent leakage some time after penetration. Absorbent article after Claim 1 , wherein the secondary fasteners consist of ultrasonic bonds. An absorbent article according to the preceding claim wherein the heat seal areas of the primary fasteners are greater in surface area, toughness and / or integrity than the heat seal areas of the secondary fasteners. Absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the lines are aligned with the longitudinal direction. Absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the primary and / or secondary attachments consist of discrete forms. An absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the primary and / or secondary fasteners are formed by dots located, shaped and sized to gradually release the secondary fasteners while maintaining the primary fasteners. The absorbent article of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the absorbent core comprises a distribution layer having an absorbent capacity of at least about 1 g / m ² . Absorbent article according to the preceding claim, wherein the distribution layer is bonded to the absorbent core by ultrasonic bonding. The absorbent article of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the absorbent core comprises a substantially liquid-impermeable transport layer. Absorbent article according to the preceding claim, wherein the transport layer is bonded to the absorbent core by ultrasonic bonding. The absorbent article of any one of the preceding claims wherein the release force necessary to release the secondary fasteners is less than about 5.0 N / cm, more preferably less than about 2.5 N / cm. The absorbent article of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the weight distribution of the absorbent material over the absorbent structure is profiled longitudinally such that relatively more absorbent material is concentrated near a location of liquid entry of the absorbent article. The absorbent article of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the secondary fasteners consist of weaker secondary fasteners (115 ') and stronger secondary fasteners (115 "), with weaker secondary fasteners releasing faster than the stronger secondary fasteners, the different functionalities between the primary fasteners Fasteners and the secondary fasteners in combination with a bond strength differentiation between weaker secondary fasteners and stronger secondary fasteners for a predetermined, controlled and / or phased-controlled Volume expansion of the absorbent structure are designed for ultimate fluid management. An absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the weaker secondary fasteners are provided at the periphery of the absorbent structure, allowing for primary and easy expansion of the absorbent material adjacent the longitudinal and / or end edges of the absorbent structure, thereby providing encapsulation or anti-leakage Barriers may be created within the absorbent structure such that the weaker secondary fasteners separate to form first barriers or ramparts, whereas stronger secondary fasteners form later occurring secondary barriers or ramparts. The absorbent article of any one of the above claims, wherein the absorbent material comprises absorbent polymeric material and less than 40 weight percent of cellulosic fibers.

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