DE202010013454U1 - Supporting construction for tunnel structures - Google Patents

Abstract

Supporting structure as a resilient inner lining of a tunnel-shaped structure (2), which has a concrete shell (4), wherein within the concrete shell (4) in some areas individual compliance elements (7) are arranged, characterized in that in the concrete shell (4) openings (8) introduced are and the compliance elements (7) subsequently in the openings (8) of the finished concrete shell (4) are arranged.

Description

The The invention relates to a support structure as a resilient interior trim a tunnel - shaped structure in accordance with Features in the preamble of the protection claim 1.

For the construction of tunnel-shaped structures is carried out the respective Securing the cavity obtained for this purpose by a suitable support structure. The choice of the type of disassembly to use depends on the required service life, the tunnel cross-section as well as the expected loads and earth movements. In addition to the use carried by the cross-section supporting carriers the additional contribution of a likewise statically sustainable Inner lining.

The Interior lining is made by a concrete shell, which made of shotcrete or individual concrete segments is formed. As a backfill or embedding the carrier becomes such an early-bearing one Expansion created, which the more secure load transfer resting Earth layers is used. In addition to the static loads in particular dynamic demands and conference behavior, for example due to subsidence of the underlying soil and rock, high demands to the support structure to be created. To get out of earthworks to be able to absorb resulting deformations safely and without damage, are placed in the concrete shell compliance elements. The Carriers are for this purpose in several parts and with each other slidably executed. By the possible squeezing the compliance elements may be the concrete shell of the additional load revoke. The resulting relaxation of the cavity causes a Rearrangement of the mountain tensions, causing the vaulting effect supported by the surrounding rock and the supporting structure is relieved overall.

In In this context, it is known, individual deformation slots within to save the concrete bowl. However, the practice showed that this open slots often lead to aftermath of the surrounding Soil and rock as well as crashes of the concrete shell to lead. Moreover, it is sometimes expensive Anchoring of the thus slotted concrete shell necessary.

The DE 32 10 530 C2 discloses a compliance element for underground mining and tunneling structures. The compliance element consists essentially of pinch bodies mounted in concrete mortar, which are arranged between two adjacent segments of a concrete shell. The compliance element is connected to the concrete shell via suitable anchors. As a result of the segmented composition of the concrete shell, a concrete segment and a compliance element are thus alternately combined to form an annular tunnel section.

The DE 40 03 678 C2 also describes a compliance element for the resilient expansion of underground cavities. The compliant element itself consists of a closed metal jacket, which has in its interior individual provided with a material filling hollow body. The compliance element is in communication with the cross-sectional outbreak supporting trusses and is integrated into an inner lining of shotcrete.

The DE 90 03 835 U1 describes a further compliance element, which also has a housing with internal deformation elements, wherein the individual deformation elements are filled with expanded concrete. The compliance element is integrated between adjacent concrete segments, compressing the deformation elements in their longitudinal direction.

The all the elements of resilience offered have the possibility of to achieve a limited compliance of the concrete shell. The structure and the operation of these compliance elements provides that these are integrated into the concrete shell during the construction of the building become. Already in the planning phase, the use of the compliance elements must estimated by type and number and then be kept. Deviations from this are still in progress the execution phase possible. The installation itself requires an alternating procedure, which by the change from creation of the concrete shell and installation of the compliance elements is characterized. The thus interrupted and sometimes lengthy Track drift leaves room for Improvements.

Of the present invention is the object of a support structure as a resilient inner lining of a tunnel-shaped structure to improve that the yield elements used be installed without interrupting the Streckenauffahrung can.

The Solution to this problem consists according to the invention in one Supporting construction according to the features of the protection claim 1.

Thereafter, the unimpeded Streckenauffahrung is achieved by openings are introduced in the concrete shell and the compliance elements are subsequently arranged in the subsequently introduced openings of the finished concrete shell. The openings can be inserted both during and after the construction of the concrete shell be brought. During the creation of the concrete shell they are recessed via appropriate shell body. For subsequent introduction into the concrete shell, the openings can be drilled or milled, for example. The installation of necessary compliance elements thus takes place only after completion of the concrete shell. In addition to the unimpeded propulsion and the lining of the obtained cavity, pressure-sensitive areas can thus be tracked at a later time and preferably provided with subsequently introduced openings, in which then the yielding elements are inserted. This also makes it possible to selectively use the compliance elements only in the areas that prove to be encumbered in the finished support structure.

hereby becomes an exact local placement of the compliance elements allows only integrated into the areas of the concrete shell Become a stress relief need. On site can be the number, the contour as well as the diameter and the length the yield elements to be used subsequently be determined. The use is then configured accordingly holes to be inserted within the concrete shell.

The The invention provides that at least one of the regulatory elements is formed from a tubular body. in principle The tube body used can be next to a circular Cross-sectional geometry also have other shapes, for example rectangular or polygonal shapes.

Of the particular advantage lies in a cylindrical shape, which via a simple hole in the concrete shell before Place is introduced. Even if the necessary opening can be designed as a blind hole, this is in an advantageous manner provided as a through hole. The inserted therein tubular body corresponds in its longitudinal extent of the local Thickness of the concrete shell, making it locally over its wall thickness Can reduce tension.

ever Upon request, the pipe body can be a uniform or both circumferentially and longitudinally have varying wall thickness.

hereby can the desired deformability within the concrete shell be controlled specifically.

Especially for a circular cross section, the invention provides that the tubular body at one of its end portions a drill bit having. About one of the drill bit opposite clamping of the tubular body can this with the help of its drill bit placed on the concrete shell and introduced by rotation in this become. The drill bit here tears a circular groove around the Drill core of the concrete shell. This will initially be a local Relaxation of the concrete shell achieved. The pipe body itself remains in the self-created ring opening. To only the tubular body as a supporting element within the concrete shell To use, the core can, for example, by lateral tilting or blasting from the rest of the material canceled and with appropriate Tools, such as a core tongs, from the borehole be removed. This raises desired property as a compliance element, which then only possible circumferential deformation of the compliance as resistance stands opposite.

Around especially in overhead work a secure storage to reach the tubular body within the concrete shell, is the tubular body by means of a holding device within one of the openings fixed. In addition to positive, cohesive or cohesive Designs, as well as a combination of the above, this advantageously has one in its insertion direction at least one bent elastic wire on. The bent away from the tube body wire goes over here the diameter of the pipe body and the opening out and in a direction opposite to the insertion direction.

Of the Wire and the pipe walls in this case close an angle between themselves. During the insertion of the tubular body the wire is pressed against the inner circumference of the opening, whereby the angle decreases accordingly. After the tubular body inserted into the opening, this dissolves against the inside of the opening is tensioned end of the wire and takes its previously set angular position to the pipe wall. hereby The wire forms a barb, which opposes the tubular body its previous insertion direction against fall out and pull out guaranteed.

ever according to requirement and configuration of the tubular body is also filled with a material. In addition to through the pipe wall the tube body generated resistance leads the previously or subsequently introduced material to its Increase. In addition to the use of curing or non-hardening and free-flowing materials, which all have a corresponding deformability can the deformation can also be stopped, in which, for example, the tubular body again with concrete or another non-compressible material is filled.

In a variant, the invention provides that at least one of the compliance elements is formed from a filler. This is then introduced directly as a hardening or non-hardening and free-flowing filler in the opening in the concrete shell. Also conceivable is the use of a swelling material, which in addition to a possible sealing effect can reverse the property of compliance.

Further is provided that in at least one of the openings a pressure transducer is arranged. This can be right in the opening be introduced. The pressure transmitter can also be used in combination with a tubular body and / or a filler in the opening can be arranged. The pressure transmitter is used the measurement of compressive stresses caused by convergence. The data thus measured become wired or over a transmitting device passed on to audible or visual advertisements. This allows possible overvoltages be shown promptly in the concrete shell to further action to enable.

In order to prevent a possible stone case through the subsequently introduced openings and tubular body within the concrete shell, it is provided that from an inner side of the tunnel-shaped structure of a network structure is arranged in front of the openings. This can also serve to secure the material introduced in the tubular body or the filler introduced directly into the opening from falling out uncontrollably. A method of making a support structure as a resilient inner lining of a tunnel-shaped structure could be as follows:
To produce a tunnel-shaped structure, a corresponding cavity is first obtained via a distance approach. Parallel to the drive, the cavity is lined with a suitable support structure. The support structure is created for this purpose from a concrete shell or a combination of concrete shell and suitable support, for example in the form of Gleitbogenausbaus. The concrete shell is made from individual prefabricated segments or from a locally applied shotcrete layer.

At the Use of carriers depends on the expansion density to be used depending on whether the tunnel-shaped structure in a stable or strongly pressurized area is produced. Depending on requirements The carriers are at a variable distance from each other introduced in the longitudinal direction of the cavity one behind the other. In order to obtain an early-carrying expansion, the carriers become Backfilled with the shotcrete layer, causing the carrier lie evenly on the stretch jacket and their Support force over a large area their entire length in the track manners initiate.

The Shotcrete layer is either before or after its curing provided with individual openings, in which yielding elements be introduced. The openings are either during the shotcrete application on suitable shell body recessed or in the still uncured concrete shell excluding, whereby the Streckenauffahrung even carried out without interruption becomes.

The Location of the openings depends on the use of Straps in Gleitbogenausbau after their overlap area. In the overlap area, the carriers are over Sliding locks connected against each other displaceable. The openings are in the still uncured or already hardened Concrete shell introduced in the overlapping area. The number, Size as well as the distance of the openings with each other is adapted to the possible requirements.

After this the concrete shell is hardened from shotcrete in pressure-sensitive areas targeted individual openings in the concrete shell introduced. The openings can done by drilling or milling. In the already existing or appropriately created openings will follow introduced the individual compliance elements. Dependent Of their design, the compliance elements are either as Component used in the respective opening or filling as the opening Introduced filler. Depending on the requirement of the filler loose or with appropriate pressure in the respective opening filled.

ever after refinement of the compliance elements, these can a smaller cross-section with respect to the openings have, so that an insertion with manual power allows becomes. In this case, provide appropriate holding devices on the compliance elements for fixing them inside the opening become. In a variant, the compliance elements with little game introduced into the openings, resulting in an immediate adhesion between the compliance element and the surrounding element Concrete shell results.

To the penetration of the compliance elements become the openings provided from an inside of the cavity with a network structure, which a possible falling through of rock or soil fields. The applied network structure can also be the position fixation of the compliance elements within the opening represent.

Within individual openings, if necessary, each a pressure transducer arranged. The pressure transmitter supplies data, for example wirelessly or wired to a corresponding remote station.

There the use of the proposed support structure with later introduced yielding elements not bound to a particular embodiment is, so the compliant trained concrete shell from locally applied shotcrete or individual prefabricated elements, for example in Form of a tubbing expansion are created. Already built Underground structures can with the invention Nachgeibigkeitselementen be equipped by previously appropriate openings be introduced into the existing concrete shell.

In Advantageously, the support structure in the form of a Gleitbogenausbaus formed. This is at least one Sliding arc arranged, which from over sliding locks formed with each other tense gutter profiles. The special The advantage here lies in the combination of the through the compliance elements Completely trained concrete shell with the resilient sliding arc. While the concrete shell over in overload Their yielding elements can yield, slip through friction interconnected channel profiles of Gleitbogens parallel thereto each other. The taking place when the frictional forces are exceeded Sliding the gutter profiles prevents unwanted Deformation selbiger and allows their further load absorption.

in the The result is the static-carrying concrete shell targeted and only perforated as necessary through the openings provided and deliberately over the inserted yielding elements compliantly educated. The Streckenauffahrung can thereby unhindered done, since the usual and sometimes time-consuming Introduction of the compliance elements during training the concrete shell is eliminated.

The necessary resistance variables of the compliance elements can be done locally to the local conditions be adjusted. Unlike otherwise directly during the production to be introduced yielding elements is the special advantage in a nearly infinitely expandable compliance the support structure by the subsequent introduction of openings.

in the Contrary to the known slot method provide the openings the yielding elements inserted into the concrete shell either directly or after a short activation via a slight deformation directly a corresponding resistor. Possible breaks of the surrounding soil and rock as well as demolitions of the Concrete shell does not occur. Moreover, the concrete shell comes without Return anchorage to the surrounding mountains.

The Yield elements can be extremely economical exactly in the areas of the concrete shell are introduced, the one Relief by deformability require. The distance of individual compliance elements among each other can be as required and geological points of view, if necessary.

The The invention will be described below with reference to a schematic in the drawings illustrated embodiment described in more detail. Show it:

1 in a view of a support structure according to the invention of a tunnel-shaped structure;

2 in a perspective detail of the support structure of the 1 ;

3 a deployment process of a compliance element in combined views as well

4 the position of the compliance element of the 3 after completion of the deployment process.

1 shows a section through a support structure according to the invention 1 a tunnel-shaped structure 2 , The tunnel-shaped structure 2 has an undeveloped flat sole 3 (Lying down). Over the sole 3 extends a teilelliptische inner lining of a load-bearing concrete shell 4 , From an inside A of the tunnel-shaped building 2 out, is the arcuate concrete shell 4 supported by mutually braced expansion profiles in the form of channel profiles S.

For the slide arch construction shown here, there are a total of five channel profiles connected to one another overlapping each other 5 to a slip sheet 6 connected.

The over the concrete shell 4 backfilled slip sheet 6 lies evenly on a hull of a mountain, not shown. In the overlapping areas of the gutter profiles 5 has the concrete shell 4 individual compliance elements 7 which radially from a center of the teilelliptischen support structure 1 out, through the concrete shell 4 are arranged therethrough.

2 clarified in a perspective section of the support structure 1 of the 1 the arrangement of the compliance elements 7 , From this it can be seen that the compliance elements 7 each in subsequently introduced opening 8th the concrete shell are integrated. The individual openings 8th are arranged in two parallel rows. The rows of openings 8th are perpendicular to the circumferentially of the tunnel-shaped structure 2 extending gutter profiles 5 , The gutter profiles 5 are about two sliding locks 9 each to a sliding arc 6 verbun the. The two rows of openings 8th in this case run between the sliding locks 9 ,

The openings 8th have a constant distance between them, which is half the radius of the openings 8th equivalent. One of the openings 8th is with a compliance element 7 in the form of an inserted tubular body 10 stocked. Another of the openings 8th , which in the longitudinal direction of a sliding arc 6 over the pipe body 10 is arranged, has as a compliance element 7 a complete filling with a filler 11 on. In this view it becomes clear that every single slip sheet 6 through the gutter profiles that lie in the same direction 5 is formed. In front of the individual openings 8th inside the concrete shell 4 is a network structure 12 indicated which the individual openings 8th completely covered.

3 shows both a longitudinal section, as well as a view of one of the openings 8th which with a compliance element 7 in the form of the tubular body 10 is equipped. The two-thirds of its length in the direction of insertion direction B in the opening 8th introduced tubular body 10 has wires arranged inside 13 on, at an outside end area 14 of the tubular body 10 start flush and in the longitudinal direction to a the end 14 opposite end region 15 and extend beyond this.

The over the end area 15 of the tubular body 10 extending part of the wires 13 is in each case to a holding device 16 bent over, with the wires 13 in the form of biting away from each other to the outer periphery of the tubular body 10 wise and in a resilient contact with the inner circumference of the opening 8th stand. To the end areas 14 . 15 of the tubular body 10 point out the wires 13 a cohesive connection in the form of welds 17 with the tubular body 10 on.

4 shows analogously to the representation of 3 now completely in the opening 8th introduced tubular body 10 on. The length of the pipe body 10 corresponds to the opening depth. In the side view it becomes clear that the from the bent wires 13 formed holding device 16 is resiliently unfolded, since this is the holding device 16 bending inner circumference of the opening 8th happened. The unfolded holding device 16 fixes the pipe body 10 in its position so that pulling out or pressing against the insertion direction B is locked.

1

support expansion

2

tunnel-shaped building

3

sole (Horizontal)

4

concrete shell

5

channel profile

6

slip-sheet

7

compliant element

8th

opening

9

Slide lock

10

pipe body

11

filler

12

network structure

13

wire

14

End of 10

15

End of 10

16

holder

17

weld

A

Inside of 2

B

Insertion direction of 10

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• - DE 3210530 C2 [0005]
• - DE 4003678 C2 [0006]
• - DE 9003835 U1 [0007]

Claims (10)

Supporting construction as a resilient inner lining of a tunnel-shaped building ( 2 ), which a concrete shell ( 4 ), wherein within the concrete shell ( 4 ) individual compliance elements ( 7 ) are arranged, characterized in that in the concrete shell ( 4 ) Openings ( 8th ) and the compliance elements ( 7 ) subsequently in the openings ( 8th ) of the finished concrete shell ( 4 ) are arranged. Supporting structure according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the compliance elements ( 7 ) from a tubular body ( 10 ) is formed. Supporting structure according to claim 2, characterized in that the tubular body ( 10 ) has a drill bit at one of its end regions. Supporting structure according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the tubular body ( 10 ) by means of a holding device ( 16 ) within one of the openings ( 8th ) is fixed. Supporting structure according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the tubular body ( 10 ) is filled with a material. Supporting structure according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the compliance elements ( 7 ) from a filler ( 11 ) is formed. Supporting structure according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that in at least one of the openings ( 8th ) A pressure transducer is arranged. Supporting structure according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that from an inner side (A) of the tunnel-shaped structure ( 2 ) from a network structure ( 12 ) in front of the openings ( 8th ) is arranged. Supporting structure according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the concrete shell ( 4 ) is formed from a shotcrete or individual prefabricated elements. Supporting structure according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that at least one sliding arc ( 6 ), which consists of sliding locks ( 9 ) taut channel profiles ( 5 ) is formed.