DE202006019789U1 - Printing unit for printing machine, has two printing devices vertically arranged to one side of print substrate whereby printing unit is formed as ninth satellite printing unit with impression cylinder same for all printing devices - Google Patents

Abstract

Printing unit has two printing devices vertically arranged to one side of print substrate. Printing unit is formed as a ninth satellite printing unit with impression cylinder same for all printing devices. The opening angle between both centers (Z3) has a value in the range between 95[deg] and 150[deg]. Independent claims are also included for the following: (A) Printing device; and, (B) Offset rotary press.

Description

The The invention relates to a printing unit of a printing machine with at least two printing units and web offset printing machines with a plurality of printing units according to the preamble of claim 1, 72, 73 or 74.

By the DE 100 03 290 A1 an offset rotary printing machine is known, wherein one or more rollers of a forme cylinder associated with an inking unit are pivotable to provide a maintenance clearance to a same form cylinder associated dampening unit.

By WO 02/081219 A2 a printing unit of a printing machine is known, in which there in the 1 In the embodiment shown, an inking roller of an inking unit and a dampening roller of a dampening unit form an obtuse opening angle emanating from the forme cylinder in their operating state applied to a forme cylinder in a cross section through their respective centers. A cooperating with the forme cylinder transfer cylinder has over the form cylinder a double-sized scope. In one there in the 7 shown embodiment, transfer cylinders are employed in an H-printing unit in pairs in the horizontal direction against each other, the center of one of the inking rollers with the centers of this inking roller next arranged dampening roller forms an emanating from the forme cylinder acute opening angle. A printing material is guided in each case in a vertical run between each other employed transfer cylinders. About the way of supplying a printing form to the forme cylinder makes this document no statement.

By the US 3,196,788 A a printing unit in a U-printing unit of a printing machine with a vertical run of the printing material is known, wherein two inking rollers of an inking unit and two dampening rollers of a dampening unit are employed on a forme cylinder of the printing unit, wherein a central one of the inking rollers with the central one of this inking roller next arranged dampening roller forms an outgoing from the forme cylinder obtuse opening angle, within this opening angle access to the forme cylinder is possible. The forme cylinder and the associated transfer cylinder each have an approximately equal diameter. The dampening unit, like the inking unit, has a roller train, each comprising a plurality of rollers, the roller compactors each being arranged essentially in the vertical direction.

By the US 1 310 658 A is a printing machine with five superposed printing units known.

The EP 0 878 299 A1 describes a web offset printing press with multiple printing towers, each printing tower having five superimposed bridge printing units. In this case, the fifth printing unit can be operated alternately with the underlying printing unit for flying plate change.

4 of the US 5,699,735 A shows a web offset printing machine for perfecting, wherein in a printing tower three printing units are arranged one above the other, wherein the circumference of the transfer cylinder is a multiple of the circumference of the plate cylinder. 2 of the US 5,699,735 A shows a web offset printing machine for perfecting, where five printing units are arranged one above the other in a printing tower. Also, two directly adjacent Abrolleinrichtungen are arranged, wherein the printing substrate of a Abrolleinrichtung on the Längsfalztrichter is the lowermost printing substrate and wherein the printing substrate of the other unwinding on the Längsfalztrichter is the uppermost substrate web.

The CH 632 703 A5 describes various web guides of a printing machine.

The DE 196 03 663 A1 discloses a web offset printing press, wherein four printing units are arranged one above the other in a printing tower. In this case, two printing units can print a web on both sides at the same time, with two printing units print this web only on one side and two transfer cylinders of this printing work only as a counter-pressure cylinder and the associated form cylinder are not in contact with these transfer cylinders.

By WO 2005/016646 A1 discloses a web offset printing press, a plurality of printing units with forming and transfer cylinders for perfecting includes, wherein the printing units each have a fixed direction of passage exhibit. In each of these printing works, the scope of the Plate cylinder of a page to be printed. At least five of these Printing units are arranged one above the other in a printing tower, wherein the printing tower guide elements for simultaneous guidance a first substrate web through a first group and a second substrate web through a second group of these printing units having.

The invention is based on the object, a printing unit of a printing machine with at least two printing units and Rollenoffsetdruckma to create machines with a plurality of printing units.

The The object is achieved by the Characteristics of claim 1, 72, 73 or 74 solved.

Of the The advantage obtainable with the invention is, in particular, that a form cylinder despite relatively small Diameter and in each case at least one employed on him inking roller and dampening roller especially for a change of a printing form easily accessible is. A supplied to the forme cylinder Printing form is trained despite one at its leading end bent-off suspension gadget in one on the lateral surface of the forme cylinder opened Channel reliable mountable. setting-up work or maintenance on the forme cylinder are thus facilitated. In all of this, the printing unit has a short distance between their vertically consecutive bruises overall a low height on. The printing unit thus builds in compact height. Because of the engagement 9er satellite printing units will have good mechanical stabilization the dynamically critical transfer cylinder reached. Also arise in a 9-satellite printing unit virtually none Problems with fan-out, d. H. a disturbing transverse strain of the printing material. Likewise, in a 9's satellite printing unit, color register problems are either low or even eliminated.

embodiments The invention are illustrated in the drawings and are in Following closer described, whereby further advantages become apparent.

It demonstrate:

1 a perspective view of a printing form;

2 a simplified sectional view of a holding device for a pressure cylinder to be mounted on a forme cylinder;

3 an H printing unit of a rotary printing machine;

4 a section of the printing unit according to the 3 with a zoom out to the forme cylinder printing form;

5 a section of the printing unit according to the 3 with an engaging with a suspension leg in an opening of the forme printing form;

6 a section of one of 3 similar printing unit with a pressure element arranged on the forme cylinder and a printing forme brought to the forme cylinder;

7 a section of one of 3 similar printing unit with a pressure element arranged on the forme cylinder and with a printing forme engaging with an attachment leg in an opening of the forme cylinder;

8a a first variant of a satellite printing unit of a rotary printing machine;

8b a second variant of a satellite printing unit of a rotary printing machine;

9 a longitudinal section through an exemplary illustrated rotary printing machine with multiple satellite printing units;

9a a cut in the 9 illustrated rotary printing machine in a sectional plane AA;

9b a cut in the 9 illustrated rotary printing machine in a sectional plane BB;

10 a schematic section through a printing system with a first example of a realizable therein web guide;

11 those from the in 10 shown web guide resulting distribution of the printing inks on the individual webs or pages of the printed product;

12 in a schematic section analogous to that of 10 a second example of a web guide;

13 the color distribution resulting from the second web guide;

14 a third example of a web guide;

15 the from the web guide of 14 resulting color distribution; and

16 a section of an alternative embodiment of a printing tower.

Like from the 1 can be seen, has a plate-shaped elevator 01 , z. B. a printing form 01 , a substantially rectangular surface having a length L and a width B, wherein the length L z. B. values between 400 mm and 900 mm, preferably 470 mm to 630 mm, and the width B is a value of z. B. assume at least 250 mm can. The surface has a support side, the following bearing surface 02 is called, with which z. B. the printing plate 01 in the mounted state on a lateral surface 07 a forme cylinder 06 a printing machine rests ( 2 ), wherein the lateral surface 07 in the axial direction of the forme cylinder 06 a width of z. B. up to 2,300 mm, preferably between 1,600 mm and 1,900 mm. The back of the support surface 02 is a work surface that is provided with a printed image or at least with a printed image is providable. The printing form 01 has two opposite ends 03 ; 04 preferably each with angled Einhänbringeln 13 ; 14 , with the ends 03 ; 04 the bearing surface 02 limit and where are the suspension legs 13 ; 14 in each case preferably completely or at least partially over the width B of the printing form 01 extend. The bearing surface 02 the printing form 01 is flexible at least along the length L and at a mounting of the printing form 01 on a lateral surface 07 of the forme cylinder 06 whose curvature is customizable ( 2 ). In the assembled state of the printing plate 01 runs the length L of the support surface 02 thus in the direction of the circumference of the forme cylinder 06 whereas the width B of the support surface 02 in the axial direction of the forme cylinder 06 extends.

Like in the 2 shown are the suspension legs 13 ; 14 the printing form 01 z. B. by means of a holding device, for. B. a clamping device, wherein the holding device preferably in a channel 08 is arranged, wherein the channel 08 usually in the axial direction of the forme cylinder 06 extends, the channel 08 the form cylinder 06 preferably continuous. One with the production direction P of the forme cylinder 06 rectified end 03 the printing form 01 becomes its leading end 03 whereas the opposite end 04 the trailing end 04 the printing form 01 is. At least the ends 03 ; 04 the printing form 01 with the hooked legs molded to it 13 ; 14 consist of a rigid, z. B. metallic material, eg. B. of an aluminum alloy. Usually, the material thickness D of the printing plate 01 ( 1 ) or the material thickness D at least from the Einhänbringeln 13 ; 14 a few tenths of a millimeter, z. B. 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm, preferably 0.3 mm. Thus, the printing form exists 01 in the whole or at least at their ends 03 ; 04 made of a dimensionally stable material, so that the ends 03 ; 04 are permanently deformable by a bend against a material-specific resistance.

At least at one end 03 ; 04 the printing form 01 ( 1 ), but preferably at both ends 03 ; 04 are along a bending edge 11 ; 12 one bevelled suspension leg each 13 ; 14 formed, with the suspension legs 13 ; 14 in a narrow, in particular slit-shaped, in the axial direction to the forme cylinder 06 extending opening 09 in the form cylinder 06 arranged channel 08 ( 2 ) are inserted and there preferably by means of a holding device can be fastened. For example, based on the length L of the non-curved, flat bearing surface 02 the uninstalled printing form 01 at its end 03 a suspension leg 13 at the bending edge 11 by an opening angle α1 or at its end 04 a suspension leg 14 at the bending edge 12 folded by an opening angle β1 ( 1 ), wherein the opening angle α1; β1 usually lie between 30 ° and 140 °. If the opening angle α1 the leading end 03 the printing form 01 is assigned, it is preferably executed acute-angled, in particular it is 45 °. The opening angle β1 at the trailing end 04 the printing form 01 is often formed preferably greater than 80 ° or obtuse, in particular, it is 85 ° or 135 °. The folded suspension leg 13 at the leading end 03 has a length L13, which z. B. in the range of 4 mm to 30 mm, in particular between 4 mm and 15 mm. The folded suspension leg 14 at the trailing end 04 has a length l14, the z. B. 4 mm to 30 mm, in particular between 8 mm and 12 mm, with the shorter length is preferred rather, as simple as possible to take out the suspension legs 13 ; 14 out of the opening 09 of the canal 08 to ensure. For each on one of the form cylinder 06 the printing unit arranged printing form 01 a single or at least individually operable holding device may be provided, one of which is on the forme cylinder 06 arranged printing forms 01 associated holding device z. B. can be selected and / or actuated with a push-button.

The 2 shows in a simplified sectional view of a form cylinder 06 with a lateral surface 07 and a channel 08 , to the lateral surface 07 a narrow, slot-shaped opening 09 having a slot width S, wherein the slot width S is preferably less than 5 mm and in particular in the range of 1 mm to 3 mm. The opening 09 points in the production direction P of the forme cylinder 06 a front edge 16 and a back edge 17 on. Between itself from the front edge 16 to the canal 08 extending wall 18 and an imaginary, on the lateral surface 07 of the forme cylinder 06 on the opening 09 resting tangent T06 is formed an acute opening angle α2, which is between 30 ° and 50 °, preferably 45 °. The folded suspension leg 13 at the leading end 03 the printing form 01 is thus at this front edge 16 the opening 09 preferably form-fitting hooked, because the opening angle α1 at the leading end 03 the printing form 01 is preferably adapted to the opening angle α2. The same applies to the trailing end 04 the printing form 01 , Between himself from the back edge 17 to the canal 08 extending wall 19 and an imaginary, on the lateral surface 07 of the forme cylinder 06 on the opening 09 lying tangent T06 is an opening angle β2 formed, which is either between 80 ° and 95 °, preferably 90 °, or between 120 ° and 150 °, preferably 135 °. The folded suspension leg 14 at the trailing end 04 the printing form 01 is thus at this rear edge 17 the opening 09 preferably form-fitting hooked, because the opening angle β1 at the trailing end 04 the printing form 01 at least approximately adapted to the opening angle β2.

In the channel 08 are z. B. at least one preferably pivotally mounted holding means 21 and a preferably biased spring element 22 arranged, wherein the spring element 22 the holding means 21 z. B. against the folded suspension leg 14 at the trailing end 04 push that at the opening 09 at its rear edge 17 is suspended, causing the suspension leg 14 at the trailing end 04 from the rear edge 17 to the canal 08 extending wall 19 is held. To release the holding means 21 applied pressure is in the channel 08 an actuating agent 23 provided, which in its operation, the holding means 21 against the force of the spring element 22 swings. The holding device therefore consists essentially of the holding means 21 , the spring element 22 and the actuating means 23 ,

The form cylinder described by way of example 06 can be such that on its outer surface 07 also several, preferably similar printing plates 01 can be arranged. The form cylinder 06 is in its axial direction next to each other z. B. with up to six, preferably with four or six plate-shaped printing plates 01 busy. It can also be provided that on the forme cylinder 06 in the direction of its circumference at the corresponding axial positions in each case more than one printing plate 01 attachable. So z. B. two axially to the forme cylinder 06 running channels 08 with associated openings 09 be provided on the circumference of the forme cylinder 06 are arranged offset by 180 ° to each other. In this assignment of the forme cylinder 06 with two printing forms arranged one behind the other along its circumference 01 is the leading end 03 the one printing form 01 in the one channel 08 attached, whereas the trailing end 04 the same printing form 01 in the other channel 08 is attached. For the one or the other on this form cylinder 06 arranged printing forms 01 applies accordingly. Also, in the axial direction of the forme cylinder 06 juxtaposed printing forms 01 be arranged offset from each other, individually or in groups z. B. in each case by half a length L of the printing plate 01 , which, however, requires more channels 08 with associated openings 09 or at least with portions thereof in the forme cylinder 06 are introduced, along the circumference of the forme cylinder 06 to the two aforementioned channels 08 and openings 09 z. B. are arranged offset by 90 °.

Without limiting the invention, the description using the example of a suitable for newspaper printing rotary printing machine with at least one printing unit z. B. continued for the 2/2-pressure with four printing units, on both sides of a vertically guided by the printing unit printing material 31 vertically above each other two printing units are arranged. Each printing unit has a single-sized cylinder 06 and a double-sized transfer cylinder 26 on, ie the diameter and the circumference of the forme cylinder 06 is in each case at least approximately half the size of that of the associated transfer cylinder 26 , The form cylinder belonging to the same printing unit 06 and transfer cylinder 26 are preferably formed identical in each of the four printing units. Since the printing unit preferably operates in an offset printing process, the transfer cylinder is 26 especially as a blanket cylinder 26 educated. Such trained for the 2/2 pressure printing units are often stacked in practice often to a four-high tower and used for a 4/4 printing, especially a multi-color printing. The in the 3 illustrated printing unit is exemplified as an H-printing unit; However, in the preferred embodiment, it is as a satellite printing unit with a common for all printing units of this printing unit, another cylinder, ie a common impression cylinder 39 , trained as it is in the 8a and 8b is shown. On peculiarities of the satellite printing unit is used in conjunction with the 8a and 8b received.

The printing unit operates as shown in the 3 to 7 in the rubber-rubber printing process, ie the transfer cylinder 26 of two adjacent printing units, between which the printing material 31 is led, are employed against each other. In any case, a distance A26 between pressure points, ie the contact points between one of the transfer cylinder 26 and the substrate 31 , of two successive, in the printing unit vertically stacked printing units as short as possible, said distance A26 z. B. corresponds to the measure that the centers M26 of the transfer cylinder 26 these vertically stacked printing units are removed from each other. For example, the distance A26 is between 105% and 150% of the diameter D26 of the transfer cylinder 26 , preferably between 120% and 130%, in particular 125%.

The form cylinders 06 are each one more rolling, z. B. as a film inking unit 27 trained inking unit 27 with a color box 28 as well as a dampening unit 29 , z. B. a spray dampening unit 29 with a spray nozzle bar 24 , assigned to the dampening unit 29 from a compactor with several juxtaposed rollers 34 . 37 . 38 exists and z. B. dreiwalzig, but preferably vierwalzig is formed. In a three-roller spray dampening unit 29 It is advantageous to choose a rubber-chrome-rubber pairing for the surfaces of the dampening rollers. In a four-roller spray dampening unit 29 is used for the surfaces of the dampening rollers starting from the spray nozzle bar 24 z. For example, a chrome rubber Rilsan rubber mating is chosen.

In each printing unit of the printing unit are the dampening unit 29 , the inking unit 27 and the transfer cylinder 26 preferably in each case in such a way around the forme cylinder 06 grouped that the form cylinder 06 In the printing process during its rotation, dampening solution from the dampening system 29 and then paint from the inking unit 27 and then the color on the transfer cylinder 26 transfers. That is why in the in the 3 shown example of a printing unit due to the direction of passage of the printing material 31 through the printing unit of the compactor of the dampening unit 29 in the in the printing unit lower printing units in the printing unit inside, ie on the substrate 31 facing side of the respective form cylinder 06 arranged, whereas the compactor of the dampening unit 29 in the in the printing unit upper printing units in the printing unit outboard, ie on the printing substrate 31 opposite side of the respective form cylinder 06 is arranged.

Although a printing unit with the shortest possible distance A26 between their successive pressure points advantageously has a total low height H, which is often desired in practice, but due to the small space between the vertically stacked printing units, especially in the vertically upper printing units problems in the arrangement of their external dampening unit 29 arise when a good accessibility to the respective forme cylinder 06 should remain and at the same time the form cylinder 06 only has a small diameter D06 ( 3 and 4 ). So claim the at the form cylinder 06 to be set applicator rolls 32 ; 33 ; 34 of the dampening unit 29 and the inking unit 27 whose diameter is D33; D34 each z. B. at least 50%, preferably between 55% and 70% of the diameter D06 of the forme cylinder 06 is, and with the forme cylinder 06 cooperating double-sized transfer cylinders 26 already a large part of the relatively small circumference of the simple-sized forme cylinder 06 so that for a supply of a printing form 01 to the form cylinder 06 only very little free space remains. The problem is compounded by the fact that the printing form 01 folded suspension legs 13 . 14 has, not in any, but only in very specific angular positions in the forme cylinder 06 introduced openings 09 reliable in these openings 09 insertable and fastened there.

3 shows for further detailed explanation by way of example a dashed framed H-printing unit with four printing units and the total vertical height H, with one on the in the 3 top right illustrated form cylinder 06 to be mounted printing form 01 with at their ends 03 ; 04 folded-in suspension handles 13 ; 14 from in the drawing on the right coming to the form cylinder 06 is introduced. The substrate 31 , preferably a material web 31 , in particular a paper web 31 is between adjacent transfer cylinders 26 guided vertically through the printing unit in the example shown. The printing unit is on both sides of the substrate 31 taken by the printing unit path substantially in the same way and thus constructed symmetrically, which is why due to this identical design a detailed description of the left half in the drawing unnecessary. Turn direction arrows indicate in the 3 the production direction P of the forme cylinder 06 and the direction of rotation of the transfer cylinder 26 at. The form cylinder 06 may have a right-handed or left-handed production direction P.

In a printing unit with a forme cylinder 06 with a relatively small diameter D06 of z. B. below 200 mm, preferably in the range between 150 mm and 185 mm, the z. B. for set-up, especially for a change of the printing form 01 necessary accessibility to the lateral surface 07 of the forme cylinder 06 through to the form cylinder 06 Employed inking rollers 32 ; 33 of the inking unit 27 and at least one dampening roller 34 of the dampening unit 29 Considerably limited, which is why in particular in the upper printing units in the printing unit, ie the printing units arranged horizontally above an auxiliary line which extends approximately halfway along its height H, for better operation of the respective forme cylinder 06 on him employed inking rollers 32 ; 33 and the dampening roller 34 spaced from each other in such a way that the one inking roller 33 and dampening roller 34 in the direction of production P of the forme cylinder 06 have the smallest distance from each other and in general from the transfer cylinder 26 most distant, at least in their on the lateral surface 07 of the forme cylinder 06 employed operating state in a cross section, such. Tie 3 to 7 shown with her with the forme cylinder 06 formed respective central Z1; Z2 up to a 180 °, vor preferably blunt, from a center M06 of the forme cylinder 06 outgoing opening angle γ form, said opening angle γ preferably has a value in the range of z. B. 110 ° to 150 °. As a center Z1; Z2 is the straight line that passes through the centers of two circles, here specifically through the center M06 of the circular cross-sectional area of the forme cylinder 06 and the center M33 of the inking roller 33 or the center M34 of the dampening roller 34 , At these pressure points is the inking unit 27 preferably with all its rollers above one through the center M06 of the forme cylinder 06 extending horizontal H06, whereas the dampening unit 29 preferably with all its rollers 34 ; 37 ; 38 is arranged below this horizontal H06.

The 4 and 5 each show a section of the printing unit according to the 3 ,

In the 3 to 5 is an example of a printing form 01 shown at the leading end 03 a 45 ° angled suspension leg 13 and at its trailing end 04 a 135 ° angled suspension leg 14 having. Correspondingly, the walls are 18 ; 19 , which are located in the direction of production P of the forme cylinder 06 front edge 16 and the opposite rear edge 17 the opening 09 into the interior of the forme cylinder 06 extend, designed such that a positive engagement of the suspension legs 13 ; 14 on these walls 18 ; 19 is possible. As the 3 and 4 show, the printing form 01 with her leading end 03 within one through the central Z1; Z2 limited blunt opening angle γ to the forme cylinder 06 introduced. The printing form 01 , which is flexible, can be bent along its length L, if this is the engagement z. B. her Einhängeschenkels 13 at its leading end 03 facilitated.

In a first operating position B13 of the forme cylinder 06 that from the forme cylinder 06 can be taken by its corresponding rotation, the suspension leg passes 13 at the leading end 03 the printing form 01 with the opening 09 engaged ( 5 ), so that the suspension leg 13 from the front edge 16 extending wall 18 invests. In a further second operating position B14 of the forme cylinder, which is generally different from the first operating position B13 06 , which in turn is taken by its corresponding rotation, also enters the suspension leg 14 at the trailing end 04 the printing form 01 with the opening 09 engaged, so that the suspension leg 14 from the rear edge 17 extending wall 19 applies and thus both suspension legs 13 ; 14 in the opening 09 are located (not shown). The printing form 01 is at the time of the second operating position B14 of the forme cylinder 06 already for the most part, preferably more than two thirds of their length L, in particular about 80% on the lateral surface 07 of the forme cylinder 06 reared. Both operating positions B13; B14 are located within a spread of the opening angle γ, on the lateral surface 07 of the forme cylinder 06 related circular section and are further specified below with respect to their respective location in more detail.

In one embodiment of the printing form 01 with one at its trailing end 04 dull angled suspension leg 14 and a correspondingly shaped forme cylinder 06 are the operating positions B13; B14 of the forme cylinder 06 preferably chosen so that the respective suspension leg 13 ; 14 the printing form 01 as easy as possible by an operator by hand in the opening 09 is insertable.

A favorable first operating position B13 of the forme cylinder 06 arises z. B. then, if this is chosen so that the engagement of Einhänlegeels 13 the printing form 01 in the opening 09 then takes place when a lying within the opening angle γ opening angle δ is less than 90 °, wherein the opening angle δ by a radial jet R1, the center M06 of the forme cylinder 06 with the direction of production P of the forme cylinder 06 front edge 16 the opening 09 connects, and that central Z1 is limited, in the direction of production P of the forme cylinder 06 of the radial ray R1 is closest. It is advantageous to choose the opening angle δ such that it has a value in the range between 20 ° and 35 °, preferably less than 30 °.

If the suspension leg 14 the printing form 01 by an operator by hand into the opening 09 must be introduced, it is recommended that the second operating position B14 of the forme cylinder 06 so choose that the engagement of the Einhängewingels 14 at the trailing end 04 the printing form 01 in the opening 09 then takes place when a further within the opening angle γ lying opening angle ε is less than 90 °, wherein the opening angle ε by a radial jet R2, the center M06 of the forme cylinder 06 with the direction of production P of the forme cylinder 06 rear edge 17 the opening 09 connects, and that central Z2 is limited, contrary to the direction of production P of the forme cylinder 06 closest to the radial ray R2. It is advantageous to choose the opening angle ε such that it has a value in the range between 20 ° and 35 °, preferably about 30 °.

γ_eff:

= effektiver Öffnungswinkel des Freiraums als Zugang zum Formzylinder 06

γ:

= (theoretischer maximaler) Öffnungswinkel des zwischen den Zentralen Z1; Z2 bestehenden Freiraums als Zugang zum Formzylinder 06

ϕ33:

= ein im Öffnungswinkel γ liegender Öffnungswinkel zwischen der Zentralen Z1 und einer durch den Mittelpunkt M06 des Formzylinders 06 verlaufenden, an der Farbauftragswalze 33 anliegenden Tangente T33

ϕ34:

= ein im Öffnungswinkel γ liegender Öffnungswinkel zwischen der Zentralen Z2 und einer durch den Mittelpunkt M06 des Formzylinders 06 verlaufenden, an der Feuchtauftragswalze 34 anliegenden Tangente T34

D06:

= Durchmesser des Formzylinders 06

D33:

= Durchmesser der Farbauftragswalze 33

D34:

= Durchmesser der Feuchtauftragswalze 34

Of the 4 is also removable that the by the opening angle γ given free space for form cylinder 06 due to the physical extent of the inking roller 33 and the dampening roller 34 is again limited in practice. The larger the diameter D33 of the inking roller 33 or the diameter D34 of the dampening roller 34 in relation to the diameter D06 of the forme cylinder 06 are, the lower is an effectively available, z. B. for a change of the printing form 01 , usable space. The free space is located within a _plane defined by an effective opening angle γ _eff 07 of the forme cylinder 06 related circular section. The effective opening angle γ _eff results from the opening angle γ with deduction by the inking roller 33 and the dampening roller 34 built angle ranges φ33; φ34 according to the following trigonometric relationship: γ eff = γ - φ33 - φ34 = γ - arc sin {D33 / (D06 + D33)} - arc sin {D34 / (D06 + D34)} with

γ _eff :

= effective opening angle of the free space as access to the forme cylinder 06

γ:

= (theoretical maximum) opening angle between the central Z1; Z2 existing free space as access to the forme cylinder 06

φ33:

= an opening angle γ lying in the opening angle between the center Z1 and one through the center M06 of the forme cylinder 06 extending, at the inking roller 33 adjacent tangent T33

φ34:

= an opening angle γ at the opening angle between the central Z2 and one through the center M06 of the forme cylinder 06 running, at the dampening roller 34 adjacent tangent T34

D06:

= Diameter of the forme cylinder 06

D33:

= Diameter of the inking roller 33

D34:

= Diameter of the dampening roller 34

It is advantageous if the effective opening angle γ _{eff is} at least 60 °, in particular approximately 90 °.

The 5 not only shows a printing plate to be mounted 01 with a hanging leg 13 at its front end 03 , with this suspension leg 13 during the first operating position B13 of the forme cylinder 06 at the in production direction P of the forme cylinder 06 front edge 16 the opening 09 is created, but it is also apparent that this first operating position B13 is then chosen favorably, when extending from the front edge 16 extending wall 18 within the opening angle γ and a straight line G18 applied to it is one from the front edge 16 outgoing acute opening angle η to one the front edge 16 the opening 09 tangent vertical V16 forms, wherein the opening angle η is preferably less than 15 °, in particular about 5 °. The opening angle η can the production direction P of the forme cylinder 06 be directed in the same direction, ie the direction of rotation of the opening angle η corresponds to the production direction P of the forme cylinder 06 , or opposite.

The 6 and 7 show a part of one of the 3 similar printing unit with one on the forme cylinder 06 arranged pressing element 36 , the Z. B. as a pressure roller 36 or a pressure roller 36 formed and in the axial direction to the forme cylinder 06 arranged and by an unillustrated actuator to the form cylinder 06 adjustable and after assembly of the printing form 01 again from the form cylinder 06 is turned off, the hiring and parking z. B. by pivoting, as it is by a curved double arrow in the 6 and 7 is indicated. The 6 shows one to the form cylinder 06 brought up, but from the lateral surface 07 of the form cylinder 06 still spaced flexible printing forme 01 , whereas in the 7 shown is that the printing form 01 with her at her front end 03 trained, angled suspension leg 13 straight into the opening 09 engages around the suspension leg 13 at the from the in production direction P of the forme cylinder 06 front edge 16 extending wall 18 create what caused by the pressure element 36 by a preferably occurring at this time employment of the pressing element 36 to the lateral surface 07 of the form cylinder 06 and by one of these employment subsequent rolling and rolling of the printing form 01 on the lateral surface 07 is supported.

The pressing element 36 is preferably both close to the inking roller 33 and within an acute opening angle ρ, wherein the opening angle ρ by the radial jet R2, the center M06 of the forme cylinder 06 with the direction of production P of the forme cylinder 06 rear edge 17 the opening 09 connects, and that central Z1 is limited, which is in the direction of production P of the forme cylinder 06 to the radial jet R2 next, wherein it is advantageous to choose the opening angle ρ so that it has a value in the range z. B. between 20 ° and 45 °, preferably less than 40 °. In practice, the opening angle ρ and the previously described opening angle δ due to the small slot width S of the opening 09 almost the same size.

The in the 6 and 7 shown printing form 01 has one in the 1 and 2 shown figure, in particular, is at its rear end 04 trained suspension leg 14 approximately at right angles to the extended support surface 02 abge angles. Which stand out from the edges 16 ; 17 the opening 09 into the interior of the forme cylinder 06 extending walls 18 ; 19 are the folded suspension handles 13 ; 14 the printing form 01 customized. In such a trained printing form 01 can their two suspension legs 13 ; 14 practically in the same, essentially defined by the position of the radial jet R2 operating position of the forme cylinder 06 in the opening 09 be introduced. This is how the suspension leg becomes 13 at the front end 03 the printing form 01 in the opening 09 introduced the printing form 01 its full length L after on the lateral surface 07 of the forme cylinder 06 unwound and rolled up, which depending on the length L of the printing plate 01 z. B. after a nearly full revolution of the forme cylinder 06 can be done, and then the suspension leg 14 at the far end 04 the printing form 01 practically in the same operating position of the forme cylinder 06 in the opening 09 intervention. A printing form 01 with one at its rear end 04 approximately right-angled suspension leg 14 is also suitable, by means of a feeder, not shown z. B. from a printing forme magazine automatically to the form cylinder 06 to be introduced. The geometry data mentioned above also apply to the printing unit described if, on one or more forme cylinders 06 the relevant printing unit one or more printing plates 01 each automatically supplied with a feeder.

Like from the 4 to 7 it can be seen, the central Z1 soft; Z2 in position preferably from one through the center M06 of the forme cylinder 06 extending vertical V06. So points through the inking roller 33 extending center Z1 with the through the center M06 of the forme cylinder 06 extending vertical V06 preferably in one of the transfer cylinder 26 opposite direction to an acute opening angle σ, the value of which is preferably less than 40 °, in particular less than 30 °. The through the dampening roller 34 extending center Z2 points with the through the center M06 of the forme cylinder 06 extending vertical V06 preferably in the transfer cylinder 26 facing away from an acute opening angle τ, whose value is preferably in the range z. B. between 25 ° and 45 °.

The 3 to 7 Let's recognize that the dampening unit 29 in a variant z. B. is arranged such that the centers M34; M38 at least the first and the last to the compactor of the dampening unit 29 belonging rolls 34 ; 38 , but preferably the centers M34; M37; M38 all to the dampening unit 29 belonging rolls 34 ; 37 ; 38 within one of the center M26 of the transfer cylinder 26 outgoing acute opening angle φ lie. One through the center M26 of the transfer cylinder 26 extending horizontal H26 limits the opening angle φ z. B. down. The opening angle φ is preferably less than 45 °, in particular less than 20 °. A horizontal H26 lowest down dampening roller 37 is preferably within one of the center M26 of the transfer cylinder 26 outgoing acute opening angle ω, which is directly adjacent to the opening angle φ and thus limited by the horizontal H26 upwards. The opening angle ω is preferably less than 30 °, in particular less than 15 °.

The 3 to 7 also show that one through the forme cylinder 06 and the transfer cylinder 26 extending center Z3 with the through the center M26 of the transfer cylinder 26 extending horizontal H26 one from the center M26 of the transfer cylinder 26 outgoing acute opening angle ψ forms, said opening angle ψ a value in the range z. B. between 40 ° and 70 °, preferably between 45 ° and 65 °.

In the in the 3 to 7 at least partially illustrated H-pressure unit are the centers M26 of successive rolling transfer cylinder 26 not arranged on the same horizontal H26, but one through these two transfer cylinders 26 running center Z4 forms with the respective through a center M26 one of the transfer cylinder 26 extending horizontal H26 one from the center M26 one of the two transfer cylinders 26 outgoing acute opening angle ζ, said opening angle ζ has a value up to 15 °, preferably of less than 10 °.

In the in the 3 to 7 described printing unit are the forme cylinder 06 associated inking unit 27 and dampening unit 29 arranged such that sufficient accessibility to the transfer cylinder 26 also in that operating state, if a paint roller 33 and a dampener 34 spaced from each other to the form cylinder 06 are employed and the form cylinder 06 to the transfer cylinder 26 is employed. This accessibility to the transfer cylinder 26 facilitates retightening or replacing one on the transfer cylinder 26 attached or attached elevator, such. B. a rubber blanket, in particular a metal blanket. As already described, an exchange takes place with the forme cylinder 06 to be exchanged printing form 01 in an area between the inking roller 33 and the to the form cylinder 06 employed dampener 34 , The dampening unit 29 , which usually several, z. B. three or four dampening rollers 34 ; 37 ; 38 has, is so on the forme cylinder 06 positioned that between one each through the center M26 of the transfer cylinder 26 extending vertical V26 and a straight line G26, in particular one from the center M26 of the transfer cylinder 26 outgoing directional beam G26, one from the center M26 of the transfer cylinder 26 outgoing opening angle κ is formed, wherein the straight line G26 a tangent to the lowest arranged dampening roller 34 ; 37 ; 38 of the dampening unit 29 is ( 5 ). The opening angle κ has in this case a value of at least 45 °, preferably of at least 60 °. The proposed arrangement offers advantages especially for printing units in which the transfer cylinder 26 at least about twice the diameter and circumference of the forme cylinder 06 having.

In a printing unit of a printing machine with at least two each to one side of the vertically guided by the printing unit printing material 31 vertically stacked printing form according to the 3 the transfer cylinder 26 and in the direction of rotation of the forme cylinder 06 the transfer cylinder 26 nearest inking roller 32 the lower printing unit at least in their on the lateral surface 07 her forme cylinder 06 employed operating state in a cross section with their respective centers Z3; Z5 with her form cylinder 06 an obtuse opening angle μ, wherein the center Z5 through the center M06 of the forme cylinder 06 and the center M32 of the direction of rotation of the forme cylinder 06 the transfer cylinder 26 nearest inking roller 32 runs, wherein the supply of a on the lateral surface 07 of the forme cylinder 06 to be mounted printing form 01 to the form cylinder 06 within the between the inking roller 32 and the transfer cylinder 26 spanned opening angle μ, wherein the opening angle μ between the two centers Z3; Z5 has a value preferably in the range between 95 ° and 150 °. In practice, the opening angle μ is through the center M32 of the inking roller 32 current center Z5 and through the center M06 of the forme cylinder 06 running vertical V06 limited.

8a shows in a first embodiment, a satellite printing unit of a rotary printing press, in particular a 9-satellite printing unit. It is envisaged that the four transfer cylinders 26 in pairs in relation to their common impression cylinder 39 are arranged diametrically opposite one another. In each case, a central Z6 connects the center M26 of one of the transfer cylinder 26 with the center M39 of the impression cylinder 39 , wherein in each case the central Z6 of the two with respect to the impression cylinder 39 diametrically opposite arranged transfer cylinders 26 lie on a common line. With respect to a through the center M39 of the impression cylinder 39 extending horizontal H39 the centers Z6 each form an opening angle θ of 20 ° to 40 °, preferably 25 ° to 35 °. In the in the 8a shown satellite printing unit are the form cylinder 06 simply large and the transfer cylinders 26 double-sized, as previously in connection with the 3 and the H-pressure unit exemplified there explained. Preferably, the diameter of the impression cylinder corresponds 39 the one (D26) of the transfer cylinder 26 and is preferably at least 250 mm and less than 400 mm, e.g. B. in the range between 280 mm and 370 mm. The diameter D06 of one with one of the transfer cylinder 26 cooperating form cylinder 06 is less than 200 mm; the diameter D06 is preferably in the range between 150 mm and 185 mm. In the 8a is in each case for two transfer cylinders arranged vertically one above the other 26 one on these transfer cylinders 26 acting blanket washing device 41 shown. The arrangement of the other components, in particular compactors, may be that used in conjunction with the 3 to 7 has been described correspond.

8b shows in a second embodiment, a satellite printing unit of a rotary printing press, in particular a 9er satellite printing unit. The in the 8b shown second embodiment of a 9er satellite printing unit differs from that in the 8a shown first embodiment of a 9-satellite-printing unit in particular by the fact that in the 9-satellite-printing unit according to the 8b a four-roller dampening unit 29 whereas the 9-satellite printing unit is provided according to the 8a a three-roller dampening unit 29 used. Both variants of execution is common that in contrast to the in the 3 shown H-pressure unit of each compactor of the dampening unit 29 in the printing unit upper and lower printing units of the printing unit each outside, ie on the printing material 31 opposite side of the respective form cylinder 06 is arranged. Here are the rollers 34 ; 37 ; 38 of the respective dampening unit 29 each within one of the center M06 of the respective forme cylinder 06 outgoing opening angle ξ, wherein the opening angle ξ of the through the center M06 of the respective forme cylinder 06 extending horizontal H06 and one of the center M06 of the respective forme cylinder 06 is limited as a directional beam G06 outgoing line G06, said opening angle ξ has a value in the range between 45 ° and 70 °, and preferably between 60 ° and 70 °. A gap s26 between two vertically stacked, to the same 9er satellite printing unit belonging transfer cylinders 26 is preferably at most 100 mm, so that in terms of the printing material to be printed 31 successive pressure points are as short as possible spaced from each other. The remaining geometry data in the 8b illustrated printing unit preferably correspond to those in connection with the 3 to 8a described values, as far as they - as can be seen from the respective figures - relate to corresponding facts. The construction of the in the 8a or 8b shown 9er satellite printing unit is in terms of substantially vertical guidance of the printing material 31 also each substantially symmetrical, as well as in 3 shown printing unit is. Also in the in the 8b shown second embodiment of a 9er satellite printing unit are the respective dampening units 29 and inking 27 arranged with their respective rollers each such that a good accessibility to the respective form of cylinders 06 is given, and this, although the respective form cylinder 06 only small in size relative to the respective co-acting double-size transfer cylinder 26 is trained.

At least the forme cylinder 06 , but also the transfer cylinder 26 and the impression cylinder 39 have in the preferred embodiment on their respective end faces or ends on no bearer rings. The inking rollers 32 ; 33 have z. B. a diameter D33 between 100 mm and 120 mm; the diameter D34 of the dampening roller 34 may be slightly larger than the diameter D33 of the inking rollers 32 ; 33 but it is preferably in the same range between 100 mm and 120 mm. The diameter of z. B. acting as a friction cylinder damping roller 37 is z. B. in the range between 140 mm and 160 mm, whereas the distribution cylinder in the inking unit 27 may have a diameter between 180 mm and 200 mm. Further rollers of the inking unit 27 have z. B. a diameter between 140 mm and 170 mm, preferably between 145 mm and 160 mm.

The rollers of the inking unit 27 and / or the dampening unit 29 are preferably mounted at their respective ends in each case a so-called roller lock, ie in a device with which the respective roller can be employed and / or parked on an adjacent rotary body and / or adjusted in their respective contact pressure. The operation of the roller locks is remotely controlled, z. B. from an integrated in a control station of the printing press control unit. Additionally or alternatively, an operation of the roller locks also z. B. be possible via a display on a printing side wall. Details of roller locks and their control are z. For example, in WO 03/049946 A2 or WO 2004/028810 A1. The axes of the inking rollers mounted by the respective roller locks 32 ; 33 and dampening rollers 34 are z. B. formed as a CFRP pipe.

The storage of the transfer cylinder 26 takes place preferably in a three-ring bearing technology, whereas the forme cylinder 06 are preferably stored in jacks.

Each of the transfer cylinders 26 is z. B. occupied with two in its respective axial direction juxtaposed rubber blankets, each of these rubber blankets the respective transfer cylinder 26 spanned at its periphery. The rubber blankets are z. B. formed as metal blankets and are similar to in 1 for a printing form 01 shown, but each with at least approximately twice the length L and / or width B. Thus, the length L of a rubber blanket z. B. be up to 1250 mm, but preferably less. The width B of (with respect to the width B of the printing forms 01 double width) Gummidrucktuches is z. B. at 800 mm.

According to in conjunction with the 2 described holding device for on the forme cylinders 06 to be mounted printing forms 01 , also show the transfer cylinders 26 one or two circumferentially offset by 180 ° to each other, in the axial direction of the respective transfer cylinder 26 preferably continuously formed channels 08 on, being in these channels 08 in each case a holding device for at least one of the on the lateral surface of the transfer cylinder 26 arranged rubber blankets is arranged. For those on the respective transfer cylinders 26 Rubber blankets to be attached may also be provided with a preferably pneumatically actuated holding device associated with the respective rubber blanket, the actuation of each of these holding devices of a specific transfer cylinder 26 z. B. thereby, that at one of the transfer cylinder 26 trained connection device, a pressure medium source, for. B. a compressed air gun, in particular manually connectable to that in the channel 08 the transfer cylinder 26 arranged adjusting means 23 to operate, so that the rubber blanket holder holding means 21 the clamping of a trained on rubber blanket Einhängeschenkels 14 releases ( 2 ).

Each cylinder pair consisting of a transfer cylinder 26 and a form cylinder 06 preferably has a main drive, z. B. an electric motor, preferably a position-controlled electric motor, wherein the forme cylinder 06 is driven by a Formzylinderrades and a pinion from the main drive. The back pressure cycle soothing 39 also has at least one own drive.

For example, at least two of the in the 8a illustrated 9-satellite printing units to form a substrate 31 both sides each with at least four inks printing printing tower 42 stacked on each other. It can also be provided that several of each of the at least two 9-satellite printing units having printing towers 42 strung together, each with at least two of these printing towers 42 a section 43 form.

The in the 9 in a longitudinal section exemplified printing press or printing unit has five sections 43 on, with each section 43 each from two printing towers 42 consists of two stacked 9-satellite printing units. Below each printing tower 42 is z. B. a reel changer 44 arranged, wherein the roll changer 44 as a one printing material web 31 unwinding unwinding device 44 is formed and wherein the unwound substrate web 31 one of the printing towers 42 , preferably vertically above the reel changer 44 arranged printing tower 42 is supplied to be printed by the printing units provided there.

After the first or before the last section 43 is in this printing system each a folder 46 arranged. The in the 9a ; 9b shown sections through in the 9 shown printing machine or printing system in place with AA ( 9a ) or BB ( 9b ) marked levels. The cutting planes AA and BB respectively run in front of one of the folders 46 , On her way to the respective folder 46 is the at least one previously printed in at least one of the printing units printing material 31 preferably via one or more Längsfalztrichter 57 guided. After the longitudinal folding funnel 57 and before entering the folder 46 can, as shown with respect to the sectional plane AA, z. B. a stamping 61 be arranged, with the punching 61 on the printed product or on a part of the printed product z. B. a recessed grip is punched out. Or it is after the longitudinal folding funnel 57 and before entering the folder 46 , as shown with respect to the sectional plane BB, z. B. a stapler 62 and / or a transverse perforator 63 intended. The stapler 62 staples the printed product or part of the printed product together. The transverse perforator 63 serves z. B. the formation of a folding aid on the printed product or on a part of the printed product. The folders 46 can each with a folding device for training z. B. a third fold be equipped on the printed product. The longitudinal folding funnel 57 can transversely to the direction of the printing material web 31 be adjustable so that they from the substrate web 31 folding a printed product with different page sizes, in such a way that results on some pages, preferably a part of the finished printed product either at its upper edge or at the lower edge of a opposite at least one other part of the same copy of the printed product desired supernatant.

The in the 9 ; 9a ; 9b illustrated printing machine or printing system has z. B. no turning bars on. Instead, it is provided that partial webs one before the Längsfalztrichter 57 with a longitudinal cutting device longitudinally divided printing substrate 31 with a strand mixing device, such as such. In the document DE 102 59 655 B3 or WO 2004/054914 A1, can be crossed if necessary. The in the 9 ; 9a ; 9b illustrated printing machine or printing system is preferably designed to produce multicolor printed products in tabloid format. The printed products used in the 9 ; 9a ; 9b can be made printing machine or printing system can each have a coat with several books inserted there.

However, many jobs do not require full color on all sides of the product to be printed. Only those webs of the printing material 31 that actually receive four-color pages, must be guided through these four inks corresponding printing units; for other webs with less color, the number of printed units passed through can be smaller. This fact is exploited to lead through the so-free printing units additional tracks and thus to print as large as possible, depending on the print job and the required colors of the individual webs variable number of sheets simultaneously.

From one print job to another, different color distributions make it possible to guide the webs in a variety of different ways through variable numbers of printing units. A very high degree of variability is achieved with reversible printing units in the previously described satellite construction, ie with printing units in which an impression cylinder 39 a plurality of pressure gaps are arranged and the passage direction of the webs to be printed can be switched by the pressure gaps. Such satellite printing units offer the possibility of printing multiple webs simultaneously by passing them through different printing gaps on the same impression cylinder 39 be guided. However, the reversibility required for this purpose places special demands on dampening units 29 and inking 27 , in both possible directions of rotation of a forme cylinder 06 , on which they act, same sigh must bring. In addition, the satellite construction to produce predetermined colors on multiple webs may require a complicated web guide that makes the preparation of a print job tedious and error prone.

The summary of at least five printing units in a printing tower 42 ; 48 ; 49 ; 51 creates the possibilities in this printing tower 42 ; 48 ; 49 ; 51 to print a first color four-color and at least one second color monochrome. By interchanging the printing units, through which the first and the second web are guided, it is very easy, the colors in a stack of at the same time a folder 46 to interchange supplied webs between adjacent webs. However, it is also permutations of colors between not immediately adjacent tracks possible, as the following embodiments will show.

The size of the form cylinder 06 in the printing units is preferably equal to the height of a single printing form 01 chosen, with such a printing form 01 a single upright print page (in broadsheet production) or two adjacent pages side by side (in tabloid production) can record. Such a form cylinder 06 is on the one hand cheaper feasible than common form cylinder 06 with twice the circumference, moreover, they minimize the running costs when operating the plant, since to run a print job never a same printing form 01 is needed twice.

In adaptation to the small circumference of the form cylinder 06 is in a folder 46 the web offset printing machine according to the invention preferably no collective mode of operation provided. Such a mode only makes sense if two different printing forms 01 in the circumferential direction one behind the other on the forme cylinder 06 are mounted. The omission of the collective mode of operation simplifies the construction of the folder 46 and thereby reduces its cost, on the other hand it makes the operation of the folder 46 required at much higher speeds, as associated with the collecting operation complicated and discontinuous movements in the folder 46 omitted.

To stabilize the operation, the circumference of the transfer cylinder should be 26 a multiple of the circumference of the form cylinder 06 be.

In order to accommodate the offset printing system in existing premises, the height of the printing tower should be 42 ; 48 ; 49 ; 51 the printing units are not too big. Therefore, the printing tower contains 42 ; 48 ; 49 ; 51 preferably exactly five printing units.

At least two printing units of the printing tower 42 ; 48 ; 49 ; 51 are preferably combined to form a per se known H-printing unit in which two rubber counter-rubber printing units lie approximately mirror-symmetrically opposite. The remaining printing units of the printing tower 42 ; 48 ; 49 ; 51 are z. B. formed as bridge printing units.

The form cylinder 01 The printing units should be from their respective assigned transfer cylinder 26 be turned off, so they do not have to run, if this z. B. due to different colors of different pages of a printing substrate 31 is not required.

Preferably, the printing system comprises eight unwinding devices 44 for printing material 31 , z. B. roll changer 44 to produce up to 128 pages in tabloid production or up to 64 pages in broadsheet production. These eight unwinders 44 are preferably three to four towers 42 ; 48 ; 49 ; 51 across from.

The guide elements of the printing system are preferably also usable, a printing material web 31 through all five printing units of a printing tower 42 ; 48 ; 49 ; 51 respectively. The fifth printing unit can thus be used for imprinter functionality or for a flying plate change.

10 shows a schematic section through a printing system according to the invention. On a pedestal 47 are three towers 48 ; 49 ; 51 and a single printing unit 52 , z. B. an H-pressure unit 52 or a satellite printing unit 52 , placed side by side. The single printing unit 52 is, as indicated by a dashed outline, optionally supplementable to a fourth printing tower by being connected to a second printing unit, in particular a H-printing unit 52 or a satellite printing unit 52 and each a bridge printing unit 54 , is increased. The construction is at all printing towers 48 ; 49 ; 51 the same, with two printing units stacked on top of each other 53 , z. B. H-pressure units 53 or satellite printing units 53 , and as the upper end of a bridge printing unit 54 , As in 16 Shown in a section, could be a printing tower 48 but also exclusively from bridge printing units 54 be constructed. The H-pressure units 52 ; 53 are each formed by two bridge printing units for two-sided monochrome printing a web to be printed, the bridge printing unit 54 forms a single printing unit. For an embodiment of the printing units 52 ; 53 as satellite printing units 52 ; 53 will be on the 8a with the associated description.

Each bridge printing unit 54 includes, rotatably suspended between frame plates, two gum mituch- or transfer cylinder 26 which rotate in contact with each other and form a pressure nip through which a material web to be printed 31 ie printing material web 31 , can be guided. Every transfer cylinder 26 is a form cylinder 06 , in particular a plate cylinder 06 assigned between an active position in contact with the transfer cylinder 26 and an inactive position in which no contact with the transfer cylinder 26 exists, is adjustable. The circumference of the plate cylinder 06 corresponds in the illustrated example, the length of a single printing form; the circumference of the transfer cylinder 26 is twice as big. The transfer cylinders 26 are each only rotatable in one direction, the one direction of passage of a printing substrate 31 through the pressure gap from bottom to top corresponds. inking 27 and dampeners 29 , each on one of the plate cylinders 06 act, are not shown for clarity.

The H-pressure units 52 . 53 each have two pairs of transfer cylinders 26 or plate cylinders 06 on that with the appropriate cylinders 26 ; 06 the bridge printing units are identical and also only one pass of the printing substrate 31 from bottom to top.

Between the printing units 53 ; 54 a printing tower and between the two printing nips of a H printing unit 52 ; 53 are various guide rollers 56 arranged in the 10 are not specifically shown, but only in the form of a change in direction of a guided through the printing unit in question printing material 31 ₁ to 31 ₈ at the location of such a deflection roller 56 are recognizable.

Under the pedestal 47 There are eight reel changers 44 ₁ to 44 ₈ arranged the printing towers 48 ; 49 ; 51 with the printing material webs 31 ₁ to 31 ₈ Food.

Top or side of the towers 48 ; 49 ; 51 led out printed tracks 31 ₁ to 31 ₈ be merged in a superstructure of the printing system and longitudinally, ie in the web running direction, cut into two sub-webs. The superimposed partial webs are each one of two formers 57 fed. The superstructure can in a conventional manner with turning decks 58 for mixing the webs 31 ₁ to 31 ₈ or the partial webs produced from them. On the function of the turning tables 58 is here, as known, not further discussed. Instead, for the sake of simplicity, it is assumed in the further description that the printed products to be produced require neither turning nor mixing of the partial webs, knowing that this results in a further multiplication of the production possibilities.

The in one of the former 57 longitudinally folded partial webs, for the sake of simplicity in each case just like the printing material webs 31 ₁ to 31 ₈ from which they are cut, with 31 ₁ to 31 ₈ referred to reach a folder 46 in which they are singled to signatures and crossfolded.

In the in the 10 The illustrated trajectory example becomes the outermost sheet of each signature from that of the roll changer 44 ₅ delivered train 31 ₁ generated. This train 31 ₁ enters from below into the lower H-pressure unit 53 of the printing tower 51 and successively passes through four pressure gaps of these units 53 , The left-sided plate cylinder 06 these two H-pressure units 53 are at their transfer cylinders 26 employed, so the train 31 ₁ on its left side, which will form the outside of the finished signature, four-color printed the printing tower 51 leaves. The right-sided plate cylinder 06 the upper H-pressure unit 53 are parked, leaving the right side of the train 31 ₁ printed only in two colors, as in each case by the number of triangular symbols at different points of the web 31 ₁ symbolizes.

The second sheet of the signature gets out of the way 31 ₂ the roll changer 44 ₆ generated; This is initially in a riser 59 parallel to the printing tower 51 led up and finally through the bridge pressure unit 54 steered, where it is printed on both sides monochrome. The next two tracks 31 ₃ . 31 ₄ are each through a pressure nip of the isolated printing unit 52 led, where they are printed on both sides monochrome. The fifth track 31 ₅ passes through four pressure gaps of the two pressure units 53 of the printing tower 48 and is printed on both sides in four colors, a sixth lane 31 ₆ in the bridge printing unit 54 of the printing tower 48 monochrome on both sides, a seventh track 31 ₇ in the bridge printing unit 54 of the printing tower 49 monochrome on both sides and an eighth lane 31 ₈ in the printing units 53 of the printing tower 49 four-sided on both sides. For the longitudinally divided in the superstructure and the two formers 57 fed webs 31 ₁ to 31 ₈ results in the 11 schematically represented color distribution. In broadsheet production, each section gives one to the former 57 fed partial web four pages of a finished product. Thus, with the illustrated web guide, a sixty-four-sided product having twenty four-color, four-color, and forty-monochrome pages is obtained. Tabloid production yields twice the number of pages.

A second example of a possible guidance of the tracks 31 ₁ to 31 ₈ in the printing plant is in 12 shown. The leadership of the railways 31 ₁ to 31 ₄ is with the out 10 identical and will not be treated again. The two tracks 31 ₅ . 31 ₆ are initially in a riser 59 to the left of the printing tower 48 at the level of the bridge pressure units 54 high out. Then the train 31 ₅ deflected into the bridge pressure unit 54 of the printing tower 48 and the train 31 ₆ in the of the printing tower 49 , So now instead of the lanes 31 ₅ . 31 ₈ , as in 10 shown the tracks 31 ₇ . 31 ₈ four-color printed on both sides, from which the in 13 schematically shown color distribution results.

At the in 14 shown third track example, it is the tracks 31 ₅ . 31 ₆ that are in the printing units 53 , z. B. H-pressure units 53 , the printing towers 48 . 49 printed on both sides in four colors. After passing through the printing unit 53 of the printing tower 48 respectively. 49 they are in the riser 59 to the left of the printing tower 48 redirected to make room for the two lanes 31 ₇ . 31 ₈ which are in a riser to the right of the printing tower 48 have been led to the bridge printing units 54 the two towers 48 ; 49 distributed and there each impaired monochrome can be printed. The resulting color distribution on the individual webs is in 15 shown.

As you can easily see, there are numerous other variants of the web guide that allow other colors. So z. B. a printing unit 51 ; 53 a printing tower 48 ; 49 ; 51 for the two-sided bicoloured or on one side bicoloured and on the other one-color printing of a web, while the second printing unit 51 ; 53 and the overlying bridge printing unit 54 can be used for up to three-color printing on another web. It is also possible to have three or more passes in a printing tower 48 ; 49 ; 51 to print with correspondingly reduced color.

On the other hand, it is also conceivable, a single lane through all five pressure column of a printing tower 48 ; 49 ; 51 to lead, with the help of two printing columns of the same color printing imprinter functionality can be realized or a flying plate change can be made.

01

Elevator, Printing form, printing plate

02

Bearing surface ( 01 )

03

End, leading ( 01 )

04

End, trailing ( 01 )

05

06

Form cylinder, plate cylinder

07

Lateral surface ( 06 )

08

channel

09

opening

10

11

Bending edge ( 13 )

12

Bending edge ( 14 )

13

suspension leg

14

suspension leg

fifteen

16

Edge, front, first ( 09 )

17

Edge, rear, second ( 09 )

18

wall

19

wall

20

21

holding means

22

spring element

23

actuating means

24

Sprühdüsenbalken

25

26

Transfer cylinder, Blanket cylinder, transfer cylinder

27

Inking, Film inking unit

28

paintbox

29

Dampening system, spray dampening

30

31

substrate, Printing material web, material web, paper web

32

Inking roller

33

Inking roller

34

Roller, Damping roller, dampening roller

35

36

pressing element, pressure roller, pressure roller

37

Roller, Pan roll

38

Roller, Pan roll

39

Impression cylinder

40

41

Blanket washer

42

printing tower

43

section

44

Reelstands, unrolling

45

46

folding

47

podium

48

printing tower

49

printing tower

50

51

printing tower

52

Printing unit H-printing unit, satellite printing unit

53

Printing unit H-printing unit, satellite printing unit

54

Printing unit Bridges printing unit

55

56

Guide element deflecting

57

formers, longitudinal former

58

turning deck

59

rising channel

60

61

punching

62

stitcher

63

Querperforator

A-A

cutting plane

B-B

cutting plane

A26

distance

B

width

B13

Operating position, first ( 06 )

B14

Operating position, second ( 06 )

D

material thickness

D06

Diameter ( 06 )

D26

Diameter ( 26 )

D33

Diameter ( 33 )

D34

Diameter ( 34 )

D39

Diameter ( 39 )

G06

Just, directional beam

G18

Just

G26

Just, directional beam

H

height

H06

Horizontal ( 06 )

H26

Horizontal ( 26 )

H39

Horizontal ( 39 )

L

length

l13

length

l14

length

M06

Focus ( 06 )

M26

Focus ( 26 )

M32

Focus ( 32 )

M33

Focus ( 33 )

M34

Focus ( 34 )

M37

Focus ( 37 )

M38

Focus ( 38 )

M39

Focus ( 39 )

P

production direction

R1

Radial; Just

R2

Radial; Just

S

Slot width ( 09 )

s26

gap

T06

Tangent ( 06 )

T33

Tangent ( 33 )

T34

Tangent ( 34 )

V06

vertical

V16

vertical

V26

vertical

Z1

headquarters

Z2

headquarters

Z3

headquarters

Z4

headquarters

Z5

headquarters

Z6

headquarters

α1

opening angle

α2

opening angle

β1

opening angle

β2

opening angle

γ

opening angle

γ _eff

effective opening angle

δ

opening angle

ε

opening angle

ζ

opening angle

η

opening angle

θ

opening angle

μ

opening angle

ξ

opening angle

κ

opening angle

ρ

opening angle

σ

opening angle

τ

opening angle

φ

opening angle

ψ

opening angle

ω

opening angle

φ33

angle range

φ34

angle range

Claims (91)

Printing unit of a printing machine with at least two in each case to one side of a guided through the printing unit printing material ( 31 ) vertically superimposed printing units each with a forme cylinder ( 06 ) each having at least one inking roller ( 32 ; 33 ) of an inking unit ( 27 ) and a dampening roller ( 34 ) one of several juxtaposed rolls ( 34 ; 37 ; 38 ) existing dampening system ( 29 ) and with one with the forme cylinder ( 06 ) cooperating transfer cylinder ( 26 ), wherein the transfer cylinder ( 26 ) with respect to the cooperating with him form cylinder ( 06 ) is double-sized, wherein the inking roller ( 33 ) and the dampening roller ( 34 ) of the upper of the vertically stacked printing units at least in their on a lateral surface ( 07 ) of her forme cylinder ( 06 ) employed operating state in a cross section with their respective centers (Z1; Z2) with their forme cylinder ( 06 ) form an obtuse opening angle (γ), wherein the center of the (Z1, Z2) of this dampening roller (Z1) 34 ) and this inking roller ( 33 ) spanned opening angle (γ) a space for supplying a on the lateral surface ( 07 ) of this forme cylinder ( 06 ) to be mounted printing form ( 01 ) to this form cylinder ( 06 ) and that the transfer cylinder ( 26 ) and in the direction of rotation of the forme cylinder ( 06 ) the transfer cylinder ( 26 ) nearest inking roller ( 32 ) of the lower of the vertically stacked printing units at least in their on the lateral surface ( 07 ) of her forme cylinder ( 06 ) employed operating state in a cross section with their respective centers (Z3; Z5) with their forme cylinder ( 06 ) form an obtuse opening angle (μ), whereby that of the centers (Z3; Z5) of this inking roller (Z5) 32 ) and this transfer cylinder ( 26 ) spanned opening angle (μ) a space for supplying a on the lateral surface ( 07 ) of this forme cylinder ( 06 ) to be mounted printing form ( 01 ) to this form cylinder ( 06 ), characterized in that the printing unit as a 9-satellite printing unit with a common for all printing units of this printing unit impression cylinder ( 39 ) is trained. Printing unit according to claim 1, characterized that the opening angle (μ) between the both centers (Z3, Z5) has a value in the range between 95 ° and 150 °. Printing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the opening angle (μ) through the through the center (M32) of the inking roller ( 32 ) running central (Z5) and through the center (M06) of the forme cylinder ( 06 ) running vertical (V06) is limited. Printing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the dampening unit ( 29 ) of the lower printing unit on the substrate ( 31 ) facing side of the forme cylinder ( 06 ) is employed. Printing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that between the dampening roller ( 34 ) and the inking roller ( 33 ) spanned opening angle (γ) a space for supplying a on the lateral surface ( 07 ) of the forme cylinder ( 06 ) to be mounted printing form ( 01 ) to the form cylinder ( 06 ), one through the center (M26) of the transfer cylinder ( 26 ) extending horizontal (H26) the centers (M34, M38) at least in the compactor of the dampening unit (M38) ( 29 ) first and last roller ( 34 ; 38 ) opening angle (φ) limited downward and the opening angle (φ) is less than 45 °. Printing unit according to Claim 5, characterized in that the opening angle (φ) bounded downwards from the horizontal (H26) is the center points (M34, M37, M38) of all the rollers ( 34 ; 37 ; 38 ) of the dampening unit ( 29 ) detected. Printing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that a to the form cylinder ( 06 ) employed pressing element ( 36 ) in the production direction (P) of the forme cylinder ( 06 ) between the inking roller ( 33 ) and the dampening roller ( 34 ) within an acute opening angle (ρ) close to the inking roller (γ) at the opening angle (γ) 33 ), wherein the acute opening angle (ρ) to the by the inking roller ( 33 ) extending central (Z1) adjacent. Printing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the forme cylinder ( 06 ) in the free space supplied printing form ( 01 ) at least at its leading end ( 03 ) at least one folded suspension leg ( 13 ), one to the forme cylinder ( 06 ) employed pressing element ( 36 ) for inserting the bent-off suspension girder ( 13 ) into the channel ( 08 ) in the production direction (P) of the forme cylinder ( 06 ) between the inking roller ( 33 ) and the dampening roller ( 34 ) within an acute opening angle (ρ) close to the inking roller (γ) at the opening angle (γ) 33 ), wherein the acute opening angle (ρ) to the by the inking roller ( 33 ) extending central (Z1) adjacent. Printing unit according to claim 7 or 8, characterized that the acute opening angle (ρ) one Value in the range between 20 ° and 45 °. Printing unit according to claim 7 or 8, characterized that the acute opening angle (ρ) less than 40 °. Printing unit according to claim 5, characterized that the dull opening angle (γ) between the two centers (Z1, Z2) has a value in the range between 110 ° and 150 °. Printing unit according to claim 5, characterized in that the forme cylinder ( 06 ) above that through the center (M26) of the transfer cylinder ( 26 ) extending horizontal (H26) on the transfer cylinder ( 26 ) rolls off. Printing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that a printing substrate ( 31 ) is passed in a vertical run through the printing unit. Printing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that on the lateral surface ( 07 ) of the forme cylinder ( 06 ) whose diameter (D06) is less than 200 mm. Printing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that a diameter (D33; D34) of the to the form cylinder ( 06 ) to be set up 32 ; 33 ; 34 ) of the dampening unit ( 29 ) and the inking unit ( 27 ) each at least 50% of the diameter (D06) of the forme cylinder ( 06 ) is. Printing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter (D33, D34) of the to the forme cylinder ( 06 ) to be set up 32 ; 33 ; 34 ) of the dampening unit ( 29 ) and the inking unit ( 27 ) each between 60% and 70% of the diameter (D06) of the forme cylinder ( 06 ) is. Printing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the dampening unit ( 29 ) three rolls ( 34 ; 37 ; 38 ) having. Printing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the dampening unit ( 29 ) as a spray dampening unit ( 29 ) is trained. Printing unit according to Claim 1, characterized in that a vertical distance (A26) between two successive printing locations of two printing units arranged vertically one above the other in the printing unit is between 105% and 150% of a diameter (D26) of the transfer cylinder (A26). 26 ) is. Printing unit according to claim 19, characterized in that the distance (A26) between 120% and 130% of the diameter (D26) of the transfer cylinder ( 26 ) is. Printing unit according to claim 19, characterized in that the distance (A26) 125% of the diameter (D26) of the transfer cylinder ( 26 ) is. Printing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the inking roller ( 33 ) and the dampening roller ( 34 ) on the forme cylinder ( 06 ) on one of the transfer cylinder ( 26 ) are arranged opposite side. Printing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that by the inking roller ( 33 ) running center (Z1) with a through the center (M06) of the forme cylinder ( 06 ) extending vertical (V06) has an acute opening angle (σ). Printing unit according to claim 23, characterized that the opening angle (σ) a value of less than 40 °. Printing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that by the dampening roller ( 34 ) running center (Z2) with the through the center (M06) of the forme cylinder ( 06 ) extending vertical (V06) has an acute opening angle (τ). Printing unit according to claim 25, characterized that the opening angle (τ) a value in the range between 25 ° and 45 °. Printing unit according to claim 23 or 25, characterized in that the opening angle (σ) or the opening angle (τ) in one of the transfer cylinder ( 26 ) facing away from the direction. Printing unit according to Claim 5, characterized in that a dampening roller (15) which reaches below the horizontal (H26) at its lowest point ( 37 ) within one of the center (M26) of the transfer cylinder ( 26 ) outgoing acute opening angle (ω) is located. Printing unit according to Claim 28, characterized that the opening angle (ω) the opening angle (φ) adjoins and is bounded by the horizontal (H26) upwards. Printing unit according to Claim 28, characterized that the opening angle (ω) less than 30 °. Printing unit according to claim 5, characterized in that a through the forme cylinder ( 06 ) and the transfer cylinder ( 26 ) running center (Z3) with the through the center (M26) of the transfer cylinder ( 26 ) extending horizontally (H26) one from the center (M26) of the transfer cylinder ( 26 ) forms outgoing acute opening angle (ψ). Printing unit according to Claim 31, characterized that the opening angle (ψ) a value in the range between 40 ° and 60 °. Printing unit according to claim 5, characterized in that an effectively available free space as access to the forme cylinder ( 06 ) within an effective aperture angle (γ _eff ), the effective aperture angle (γ _eff ) resulting from the relationship: γ eff = γ - φ33 - φ34 = γ - arc sin {D33 / (D06 + D33)} - arc sin {D34 / (D06 + D34)} with γ _eff =: effective opening angle of the free space as access to the forme cylinder ( 06 ); γ =: opening angle of the between the centers (Z1; Z2) existing free space as access to the forme cylinder ( 06 ); φ33 =: an opening angle in the opening angle (γ) between the central (Z1) and one through the center (M06) of the forme cylinder ( 06 ), at the inking roller ( 33 ) adjacent tangent (T33); φ34 =: an opening angle in the opening angle (γ) between the central (Z2) and one through the center (M06) of the forme cylinder ( 06 ), at the dampening roller ( 34 ) adjacent tangent (T34); D06 =: diameter of the forme cylinder ( 06 ); D33 =: diameter of the inking roller ( 33 ); D34 =: diameter of the dampening roller ( 34 ). Printing unit according to claim 33, characterized in that the effective opening angle (γ _eff ) is at least 60 °. Printing unit according to claim 33, characterized in that the effective opening angle (γ _eff ) is about 90 °. Printing unit according to claim 5, characterized in that a within the opening angle (γ) to the forme cylinder ( 06 ), on the lateral surface ( 07 ) of the forme cylinder ( 06 ) to be mounted, flexible printing form ( 01 ) is bent along its length (L) during its introduction. Printing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that vorgese a feeder hen is the printing form ( 01 ) to the form cylinder ( 06 ). Printing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the lateral surface ( 07 ) of the forme cylinder ( 06 ) at least one opening ( 09 ), wherein at one in the axial direction of the forme cylinder ( 06 ) in its direction of production (P) front edge ( 16 ) and a rear edge ( 17 ) of the opening ( 09 ) one each from the lateral surface ( 07 ) of the forme cylinder ( 06 ) in its interior wall ( 18 ; 19 ) is trained. Printing unit according to claim 38, characterized in that the opening ( 09 ) on the lateral surface ( 07 ) of the forme cylinder ( 06 ) has a slot width of less than 5 mm. Printing unit according to claim 39, characterized that the slot width is in the range of 1 mm to 3 mm. Printing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the printing form ( 01 ) at least at its leading end ( 03 ) at least one folded suspension leg ( 13 ) having. Printing unit according to claim 41, characterized in that the suspension leg ( 13 ) of the printing form ( 01 ) in which on the forme cylinder ( 06 ) mounted state at the in the production direction (P) of the forme cylinder ( 06 ) from the front edge ( 16 ) extending wall ( 18 ) of the opening ( 09 ) is created. Printing unit according to Claim 38, characterized in that an engagement of the suspension handle ( 13 ) of the printing form ( 01 ) in the opening ( 09 ) occurs when an opening angle (δ) lying within the opening angle (γ) is less than 90 °, the opening angle (δ) being determined by a radial jet (R1) having a center (M06) of the forme cylinder ( 06 ) with the in production direction (P) of the forme cylinder ( 06 ) front edge ( 16 ) of the opening ( 09 ), and that central (Z1) is limited, in the production direction (P) of the forme cylinder ( 06 ) is closest to the radial ray (R1). Printing unit according to Claim 43, characterized that the opening angle (δ) a value in the range between 20 ° and 35 °. Printing unit according to claim 38, characterized in that the engagement of the Einhängeschenkels ( 13 ) of the printing form ( 01 ) in the opening ( 09 ) during a first operating position (B13) of the forme cylinder ( 06 ), in which the from the front edge ( 16 ) extending wall ( 18 ) within the opening angle (γ) and one to the wall ( 18 ) straight line (G18) one from the front edge ( 16 ) outgoing acute opening angle (η) to one the front edge ( 16 ) of the opening ( 09 ) tangent vertical (V16) forms. Printing unit according to claim 45, characterized that the opening angle (η) smaller than 15 ° is. Printing unit according to claim 45, characterized that the opening angle (η) about 5 °. Printing unit according to claim 45, characterized in that the opening angle (η) to the production direction (P) of the forme cylinder ( 06 ) is directed in the same direction. Printing unit according to claim 45, characterized in that the opening angle (η) counter to the production direction (P) of the forme cylinder ( 06 ). Printing unit according to claim 38, characterized in that the printing form ( 01 ) at its trailing end ( 04 ) at least one folded suspension leg ( 14 ), wherein the suspension leg ( 14 ) of the printing form ( 01 ) at the in the production direction (P) of the forme cylinder ( 06 ) from the rear edge ( 17 ) extending wall ( 19 ) of the opening ( 09 ) can be applied. Printing unit according to claim 50, characterized in that the engagement of the suspension handle ( 14 ) at the trailing end ( 04 ) of the printing form ( 01 ) in the opening ( 09 ) takes place when an opening angle (ε) lying within the opening angle (γ) is less than 90 °, wherein the opening angle (ε) is determined by a radial jet (R2) which forms the center (M06) of the forme cylinder ( 06 ) with the in production direction (P) of the forme cylinder ( 06 ) rear edge ( 17 ) of the opening ( 09 ), and that central (Z2) is limited, which counter to the production direction (P) of the forme cylinder ( 06 ) is closest to the radial ray (R2). Printing unit according to claim 51, characterized that the opening angle (ε) a value in the range between 20 ° and 35 °. Printing unit according to claim 38, characterized in that at the rear end ( 04 ) of the printing form ( 01 ) trained suspension legs ( 14 ) approximately at right angles to the extended support surface ( 02 ) is angled away from the edges ( 16 ; 17 ) of the opening ( 09 ) into the interior of the forme cylinder ( 06 ) extending walls ( 18 ; 19 ) the folded hangers ( 13 ; 14 ) of the printing form ( 01 ) and that the engagement of the two suspension legs ( 13 ; 14 ) in the opening ( 09 ) almost in the same operating position of the Formzylin ders ( 06 ) he follows. Printing unit according to claim 50, characterized in that after the engagement of the suspension handle ( 13 ) at the front end ( 03 ) of the printing form ( 01 ) of the suspension leg ( 14 ) at the rear end ( 04 ) after a full development of a length (L) of the printing form ( 01 ) on the lateral surface ( 07 ) of the forme cylinder ( 06 ) in the opening ( 09 ) attacks. Printing unit according to claim 50, characterized in that after the engagement of the suspension handle ( 13 ) at the front end ( 03 ) of the printing form ( 01 ) of the suspension leg ( 14 ) at the rear end ( 04 ) after about a full revolution of the forme cylinder ( 06 ) in the opening ( 09 ) attacks. Printing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that all rolls ( 34 ; 37 ; 38 ) of the dampening unit ( 29 ) above one through the center (M26) of the transfer cylinder ( 26 ), as a tangent to the lowest arranged dampening roller ( 34 ; 37 ; 38 ) adjacent lines (G26) on the latter of this against the production direction (P) of the transfer cylinder ( 26 ) are arranged side, wherein in the production direction (P) of the transfer cylinder ( 26 ) below the straight line (G26) between this and one through the center (M26) of the transfer cylinder ( 26 ) extending vertical (V26) from the center (M26) of the transfer cylinder ( 26 ) outgoing opening angle (κ) is formed with a value of at least 45 °. Printing unit according to claim 56, characterized that the opening angle (κ) a value of at least 60 °. Printing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that with the impression cylinder ( 39 ) cooperating transfer cylinders ( 26 ) in pairs in relation to this common impression cylinder ( 39 ) are arranged diametrically opposite one another. Printing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that in each case a central station (Z6) the center (M26) of one of the transfer cylinder ( 26 ) with the center (M39) of the impression cylinder ( 39 ), wherein in each case the central units (Z6) of the two with respect to the impression cylinder ( 39 ) diametrically opposed transfer cylinders ( 26 ) lie on a common line. Printing unit according to claim 59, characterized in that the centers (Z6) with respect to the through the center (M39) of the impression cylinder ( 39 ) extending horizontal (H39) each form an opening angle (θ) of 20 ° to 40 °. Printing unit according to claim 59, characterized in that the centers (Z6) with respect to the through the center (M39) of the impression cylinder ( 39 ) extending horizontal (H39) each form an opening angle (θ) of 25 ° to 35 °. Printing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter of the impression cylinder ( 39 ) that (D26) of the transfer cylinders ( 26 ) corresponds. Printing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter of the impression cylinder ( 39 ) and the one (D26) of the transfer cylinder ( 26 ) are each less than 400 mm. Printing unit according to Claim 1, characterized in that the transfer cylinders ( 26 ) one or more circumferentially offset channels ( 08 ), in which channels ( 08 ) each have a holding device for at least one on the lateral surface of the transfer cylinder ( 26 ) arranged rubber blanket is arranged. Printing unit according to claim 64, characterized in that the channels ( 08 ) in the axial direction of the respective transfer cylinder ( 26 ) are formed throughout. Printing unit according to claim 64, characterized in that for several on the respective transfer cylinders ( 26 ) to be attached rubber blankets each one only one of these rubber blankets associated, pneumatically actuated holding device is provided. Printing unit according to Claim 66, characterized in that the actuation of each of these holding devices of a specific transfer cylinder ( 26 ) takes place in that on one of the transfer cylinder ( 26 ) trained connection device, a pressure medium source is manually connectable. Printing unit according to claim 67, characterized in that with the with the transfer cylinder ( 26 ) connected in the channel ( 08 ) of the transfer cylinder ( 26 ) arranged adjusting means ( 23 ) is actuated, wherein the actuating means ( 23 ) one of a holding means ( 21 ) exercised holder of a trained on rubber blanket Einhängeschenkels ( 14 ) releases. Printing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that on at least one transfer cylinder ( 26 ) arranged rubber blankets are designed as metal blankets. Printing unit according to claim 1, characterized ge indicates that on each transfer cylinder ( 26 ) In the axial direction in each case at least two rubber blankets are arranged. Printing unit according to claim 1, characterized in that on each form cylinder ( 06 ) in the axial direction of each twice as many printing plates ( 01 ) are arranged as rubber blankets on the with this forme cylinder ( 06 ) cooperating transfer cylinder ( 26 ). Web offset printing press with a plurality of printing units with form cylinders ( 06 ) and transfer cylinders ( 26 ) for perfecting, at least in one printing tower ( 48 ; 49 ; 51 ) four printing units are arranged one above the other, wherein two printing units simultaneously print a web on both sides, whereby two printing units print on this web only on one side and two transfer cylinders ( 26 ) of these printing units only as an impression cylinder ( 39 ) and the associated form cylinder ( 06 ) not with these transfer cylinders ( 26 ), the circumference of the transfer cylinders ( 26 ) twice the circumference of the forme cylinder ( 06 ) and that the web offset printing press has at least three printing towers ( 48 ; 49 ; 51 ) each comprising five printing units, characterized in that in each case two adjacent ones of the at least four printing units arranged one above the other form part of a 9-satellite printing unit with a counter-pressure cylinder common to both printing units (US Pat. 39 ) are. Web offset printing press with a plurality of printing units with form cylinders ( 06 ) and transfer cylinders ( 26 ) for perfecting, at least in one printing tower ( 48 ; 49 ; 51 ) five printing units are arranged one above the other, wherein the circumference of the transfer cylinder ( 26 ) twice the circumference of the forme cylinder ( 06 ), wherein the five printing units having printing tower ( 51 ) a printing material web ( 31.1 ) is arranged on one side in four colors and on the other side two-color printing, characterized in that each two adjacent of the at least five superimposed printing units part of a 9-satellite printing unit with a common for the two printing units impression cylinder ( 39 ) are. Web offset printing press with a plurality of printing units with form cylinders ( 06 ) and transfer cylinders ( 26 ) for perfecting, at least in one printing tower ( 48 ; 49 ; 51 ) four printing units are arranged one above the other, with two directly adjacent unwinding devices ( 44 ₄ ; 44 ₅ ) are arranged and that the printing substrate ( 31 ₈ ) of a unwinding device ( 44 ₄ ) on the longitudinal folding funnel ( 57 ) the lowest substrate ( 31 ₈ ) and that the printing material web ( 31 ₁ ) of the other unwinding device ( 44 ₅ ) on the longitudinal folding funnel ( 57 ) the uppermost printing material web ( 31 ₁ ), wherein the web offset printing machine has eight unwinding devices ( 44 ) for substrate ( 31 ₁ to 31 ₈ ) and that the web offset printing press at least three printing towers ( 48 ; 49 ; 51 ) each comprising five printing units, characterized in that in each case two adjacent ones of the at least four printing units arranged one above the other form part of a 9-satellite printing unit with a counter-pressure cylinder common to both printing units (US Pat. 39 ) are. Web offset printing machine according to claim 72, 73 or 74, characterized in that the printing tower ( 48 ; 49 ; 51 ) Guide elements ( 56 ) for simultaneously guiding a first printing material web ( 31 ₁ to 31 ₈ ) by a first group and a second printing material web ( 31 ₁ to 31 ₈ ) by a second group of these printing units. Web offset printing machine according to claim 72, 73 or 74, characterized in that on each of the forme cylinders ( 06 ) In the axial direction four sides are arranged side by side. Web offset printing machine according to claim 73 or 74, characterized in that each of the forme cylinders ( 06 ) four printing forms ( 01 ) in the axial direction and a printing form ( 01 ) in the circumferential direction. Web offset printing machine according to claim 77, characterized in that a printing form ( 01 ) has the size of a newspaper page. Web offset printing machine according to claim 74, characterized in that the circumference of the transfer cylinder ( 26 ) twice the circumference of the forme cylinder ( 06 ) is. Web offset printing machine according to claim 72, 73 or 74, characterized in that the lower four printing units of the printing tower ( 48 ; 49 ; 51 ) to two vertically stacked 9-satellite printing units ( 52 ; 53 ) belong. Web offset printing machine according to claim 72, characterized in that the non-9er satellite printing unit ( 52 ; 53 ) printing units bridge printing units ( 54 ) are. Web offset printing machine according to claim 73 or 74, characterized in that at least one forme cylinder ( 06 ) of the printing units ( 52 ; 53 ; 54 ) from the transfer cylinder ( 26 ), wherein the associated transfer cylinder ( 26 ) to the moving train ( 31 ₁ to 31 ₈ ) is employed. Web offset printing machine according to claim 73, characterized in that the web offset printing machine has eight unwinding devices ( 44 ) for substrate ( 31 ₁ to 31 ₈ ) having. Web offset printing machine according to claim 72 or 73, characterized in that the web offset printing press at least three printing towers ( 48 ; 49 ; 51 ) with five printing units each. Web offset printing machine according to one of the preceding claims 72 to 84, characterized in that the web offset printing press guide elements ( 56 ) for guiding a single printing material web ( 31 ) through all the printing units of the at least one printing tower ( 48 ; 49 ; 51 ). Web offset printing machine according to claim 72, 73 or 74, characterized in that at least two printing towers ( 48 ; 49 ; 51 ) are arranged and that a folding device ( 46 ; 57 ) between the two printing towers ( 48 ; 49 ; 51 ) is arranged. Web offset printing machine according to claim 72 or 74, characterized in that a printing tower ( 51 ) a printing material web ( 31.1 ) is arranged in four colors on one side and two-tone printing on the other side. Web offset printing machine according to claim 87, characterized in that this printing substrate web ( 31.1 ) on a longitudinal fold former ( 57 ) is at the top. Web offset printing machine according to claim 72 or 73, characterized in that two directly adjacent unwinding devices ( 44 ₄ ; 44 ₅ ) are arranged and that the printing substrate ( 31 ₈ ) of a unwinding device ( 44 ₄ ) on the longitudinal folding funnel ( 57 ) the lowest substrate ( 31 ₈ ) and that the printing material web ( 31 ₁ ) of the other unwinding device ( 44 ₅ ) on the longitudinal folding funnel ( 57 ) the uppermost printing material web ( 31 ₁ ). Web offset printing machine according to claim 80, characterized in that a web in the two 9er satellite printing units ( 52 ; 53 ) is printed on both sides in four colors. Web offset printing machine according to claim 90, characterized in that in the upper 9-satellite printing unit ( 52 ; 53 ) another web is printed on both sides monochrome.