DE19808328A1 - Civil engineering complex for water power generation incorporating buildings and water treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

Numerous constructional features include an earth-covered turbine hall (1), a spillway (3) with split control gates without superstructure and fixed dams (22) with planted-up stone ramps (5). The river bed (25) is widened (24) and single span bridges (14) and access points (6, 7) are constructed of pre-formed concrete or steel and synthetic stone. Special office and residential buildings (15, 16), purification plants (17, 18, 19) and silos (15a) are included. Various forms of submerged spillway gates (3) using curved vanes are described. The turbine inlet grating is a series of horizontal cables. The power turbine (1) can be of curved vane construction or use the bucket elevator principle. A further alternative shown is a flexible inflatable water wheel. Building and bridge construction uses shaped hollow concrete blocks and curved sheet steel. The power generated is used locally in the buildings (15, 16) and sewage is purified (17, 18, 19) and returned (20) to the stream.

Description

Construction and process complex in connection with an assigned component Set for the assembly-related and machine-operated production of the Buildings for hydroelectric power generation, for liquid and silo storage as well as for the inherent treatment of waste water, for buildings with the hydropower-related industry including housing for bridging, Water supply and passage for movable and fixed weirs with passage facilities for the flora and fauna of the water.

The subject of the invention are construction and procedures in a complex on the basis of a set of components that is used for the different structures hydropower generation, hydropower use and water treatment used in different ways in the individual buildings and processes is coming. This complex is new as is the set of elements based on it in the respective structures, where the components are new and innovative designed to be used several times. Such complex use of individual Components with a new design and functionality are not known.

The new component set replaces the well-known buildings and components for the construction of the hydraulic engineering structures and the connected ones Residential and industrial buildings.

The individual solutions by the subject matter of the invention are in the accompanying Drawings with the corresponding figures systematically and functionally essentially shown.

Fig. 1 shows in the site plan the construction and process-related various structures in their functional assignment.

Fig. 2 shows in cross section a damper as a rotating wing with storage approximately in the lower third, weight and spring force controlled with a final wall box.

Fig. 3 shows the rope fixation of the flap according to Fig. 2 at the upper end of the wall box.

Fig. 4 as a variant, the fixation of the flap by means of a gear rack.

Fig. 5, the holder of the flap by means of a rope and subsequent, horizontally guided rack.

Fig. 6 shows the holder of the flap with a rope over a roller and a counterweight in front of the flap.

Fig. 7 shows a horizontal section for holding the flap with cable guide combined with chain drive of the counterweight, wherein the gearwheel with crank or with a geared motor can be positively controlled in addition to the weight control.

Fig. 8 as Fig. 7, but with several rope pulleys and crank drive.

Fig. 9 is a partial horizontal section with eccentrically guided cable and weight.

Fig. 10, the eccentrically guided counterweight in longitudinal section.

Fig. 11 shows a special shape of the wing flap and the lower seal.

Fig. 12 shows a special shape of the lower seal for cleaning the sealing surface.

Fig. 13 shows a special shape of the lower seal with additional mass at the lower end of the wing flap

Fig. 14 like Fig. 12.

Fig. 15 shows a special arrangement of the elastic lower seal.

Fig. 16 in cross section the tether supplemented with a pressure-fastened drive element as a replacement for a link chain.

Fig. 17 in cross section the tether with an annular drive element pressed by longitudinal wedges.

Fig. 18 in longitudinal section different drive elements according to Fig. 16, 17 and with welding Ver.

Fig. 19 in cross section the tether with the welded holding element. Fig. 20 in longitudinal section, the tether with a pierced holding element such as a pipe or rod.

Fig. 21 is a partial section through the shaped especially for the respective drive elements drive wheel.

Fig. 22 in cross-section the brakable with a coiled bending spring counterweight.

Fig. 23 is a longitudinal section through the rotational anchoring of the wing flap in the wall box with additional joint pipe for adjusting the height of the wing door.

Fig. 24 in cross section a further form of a water flap, but with a rotatable bearing on the floor, supported by a hose roller that absorbs force under water pressure, also by air pressure, which stiffens the path of movement for lowering the dome-shaped flap in its shape by the overpressure be pressed, allows.

Fig. 25 is a cross section through the hose roll with a partial water pressure pipe.

Fig. 26 in cross section a further form of the calotte flap, but supported by a leaf spring, which changes its shape when lowering by counterpressure on the fixed weir body so that the lowering path is secured.

Fig. 27 as Fig. 26, but with an inwardly displaced leaf suspension.

Is lowered in the event of congestion over the spring travel Fig. 28 as the Kalottenklappe over a pulley, rope and the tension spring is held against the water pressure Fig. 26.

Fig. 29 as Fig. 28, but with a tension spring which is force-closed between an upper and a lower rigid arm.

Fig. 30 in cross section the dome flap, supported against water pressure by means of a spiral spring under the flap, clearing the lowering path in the event of overpressure.

FIG. 31 shows a top view in the system of a horizontal rake, which acts as a rope in the flow cross-section and is given an arch shape at the edges, with a screenings wash-off channel on the side.

Fig. 32 in cross section the possible rope elements with the cleaning fingers engaging in their spaces, attached to the computing trolley.

Fig. 33 is a horizontal section through the computing car, which is stabilized horizontally and vertically by two curve curves conforming guide arches, by the ent speaking wheels rolling on it and led by a motor that moves back and forth via a gear and a rack as a guide arc becomes.

Fig. 34 in cross section through the trolley, which is slotted or perforated in the guide arch, and the guide arches with the rollers and the rack in a stabilization box.

Fig. 35 is another type for the arrangement of the guiding bows for vertical and horizontal guidance of the computing car.

Fig. 36 in cross-section the rake and the rope elements and the closure flap, which is pressed against the wall by bending springs or leaf springs in the idle state of the rake sealing.

Fig. 37 in plan view for Fig. 36.

Fig. 38 in view a water wheel carried by a steel tube, which has the length of the river width and can also be stored in particularly wide rivers, and is rotatably equipped to take over the water energy with longitudinal blades.

Fig. 39 in cross section a belt tension with upper and lower impeller, the belt tension is equipped with hinged longitudinal blades, the upper wheel is adapted to the water supply by a buoyancy box and the lower wheel is movably attached in the axis but on the floor.

Fig. 40 as Fig. 39, but at a higher water level to take advantage of the higher water flow.

Fig. 41 in cross section a steel tube as a carrying water wheel across the entire river, equipped with foldable longitudinal blades, guided on the bottom with rollers, the pivot bearing being guided by a buoyancy box and the bearing being lifted laterally when the water flow is higher.

Fig. 42 is a partial longitudinal section with the side pivot bearing and the buoyancy box.

Fig. 43 a cross section (part) of the steel tube and the storage of the longitudinal blades on the one hand tipped over, on the other hand opened to absorb the water pressure.

Fig. 44 is a partial cross sectional view for Fig. 41, the folding illustrative with guide rollers,

FIG. 45 shows a partial cross section to FIG. 41, but with longitudinal blades, the base blade being perforated and an additional blade also opening in an arc shape to take up higher water flow.

A partial cross section to Fig. 41, however, extended with the longitudinal blades larger to accommodate water flow with an additional blade which is constructed as a buoyancy body, Fig. 46.

Fig. 47 in longitudinal section a barrel-like rotary tube with a rubber jacket, to which the turbine blades are non-positively fastened, and the fixed outer jacket also made of elastic plastics so that the wheel similar to a turbine can be enlarged at the various overpressures and depressions and the fluctuating water adapts fillings by pressure control.

Fig. 48 in partial section, the rotary tube as a rubber jacket, but protected against abrasion with protective elements made of steel or cast iron or polyamide and making the enlargement of the rotary tube.

Fig. 49 is a partial longitudinal sectional view to Fig. 48.

Fig. 50 shows a detail section through the expansion joint of the protective elements.

Fig. 51 is a partial cross-section to Fig. 47.

Fig. 52 is a top view of a specially shaped concrete block for using straight, curved and cylindrical walls to manufacture the various structures in hydraulic engineering and other building construction, characterized by different lengths of the straight outer walls according to the central angle of the optimized circular buildings.

Fig. 53 is a cross-sectional view of the block according to Fig. 52.

Fig. 54 is a partial cross section showing the recess of the web and the formwork for receiving concrete, also with reinforcement.

Fig. 55 in plan view of the star with enlargement of the angle and with connecting elements in the slots of the outer walls.

Fig. 56 is a partial horizontal section through the outer walls with slots and with a closing element made of plastic, molded piece or rust-proof steel sheet.

Fig. 57 in plan view of the transverse connection of the molded block to an outer wall with Ver connecting elements in the slots of the outer walls.

Fig. 58 as Fig. 55, but with sealing elements to reduce the angle.

Fig. 60 is a plan view of the stone with a protective element made of plastic or stainless steel, mounted in the slots preferably the inner wall of the stone for use in storing water and silo works.

Fig. 61 is a partial cross section through the wall slot and connecting element. Fig. 62 as Fig. 61, but with a different shape of the slot and the connecting element.

Fig. 63 like Fig. 62.

Fig. 64 as FIG. 62,.

Fig. 65 in cross-section reinforcing iron stabilized in a specially shaped steel or plastic bracket.

Fig. 66 in cross-section the use of the molded block according to FIGS . 52 and 53 as a sealing element for dams, here with the addition of in-situ concrete in the web, whereby a thin-walled dam made of plastic or stainless steel is held in the concrete, with Overpressure the thin-walled dam wall increases the weir performance by bending if the water is overpressurized.

Fig. 67 as Fig. 66, but with a curved thin-walled baffle, elastically deformable in the event of excess water pressure.

Fig. 68, but without additional storage wall (thin-walled).

Fig. 69 in cross section a thin-walled retaining wall as a sealing element, preferably held on the ground in-situ concrete in a guide pocket and supportingly on the bluff body.

Fig. 70 like Fig. 69, but only held by a guide pocket.

Fig. 71 as Fig. 68, 67, 66, but on the foundation floor in a double design to increase the stability.

Fig. 72, the formation of the stone with an opening for the passage of residual amount of water for the continuity of the fauna and flora.

Fig. 73 is a top view of the shape of the dam-like guide dams, sealed by a thin-walled dam.

Fig. 74 is a cross section through the training dykes to Fig. 73.

Fig. 75 in a horizontal section in a systematic representation the versatile use of the shaped block according to Fig. 52 and 53 for the manufacture of the power house, and in axes representation the emergency or assembly shooters.

Fig. 76 in plan view, the assembly contactors as a hanging bow and floating hollow body.

Fig. 77 as Fig. 76, but as a printed sheet.

Fig. 78 in longitudinal section the assembly contactors filled with water or representing the filling process.

Fig. 79 in cross section a two-joint frame with cavities on in-situ concrete floor for use as a wall and ceiling for a power house.

Fig. 80 shows a cross section through a pressure parabolic arch with additional truss-like stiffening made of rustproof or stainless steel for use as a power house.

Fig. 79a is a longitudinal section to Fig. 79.

Fig. 81 as Fig. 80, but with a stiffened steel wall by means of an outer profile or inner web with double walls.

Fig. 82 partial longitudinal sections through the wall according to Fig. 81st

Fig. 83 in cross section through a tube as a climbing aid for the water fauna with representation of various control installations on the ground to reduce the water outlet speed by generating eddy and shock losses.

Fig. 83 the cross-section to Fig. 83.

Fig. 84 in plan view in cylindrical form through inclined windings and corrugated flow floor and free middle space.

Fig. 85 in cross section to Fig. 84 for a turn showing flat zones in partial areas.

Fig. 86 in a ring section to Fig. 84th

Fig. 87 Fish pass with different cylinder radii, decreasing from top to bottom, the different cylinders being lined up and tightly connected.

FIG. 87a in cross-section to Fig. 84, but with flow widths which increase from top to bottom.

Fig. 88 different forms for connecting, sealing and protecting the concrete block according to Fig. 52 and 53.

Fig. 89 is a top view of a corner formation by means of the shaped block by means of a curved connecting element.

Fig. 90 in plan view of the use of the shaped block according to FIGS. 52 and 53 as a double wall with an inner seal or insulation and with reinforcement.

Fig. 91 is a cross section to Fig. 90, but serving the inner wall as a supporting wall for a ceiling.

Fig. 92 in cross section a styrofoam ball covered with clay or lightweight concrete skin.

Fig. 93 Styrofoam balls bundled in clay or lightweight concrete, in short pieces as a heat-sealing filling material for the cavities of the shaped stone.

Fig. 94 an insulating element made of polystyrene or rock wool in waveform.

Fig. 95 in cross section the shape of an insulating element made of dry or fired clay or from lightweight concrete in short pieces as filling material for the cavities of the shaped block.

Fig. 96 in cross section the passage divided into individual elements foundation, wall and ceiling for the supply and discharge of water or as a passage, the individual sub-elements being pushed through the floor one after the other.

Fig. 97 shows the longitudinal section according to FIG. 96, but with different driving gears.

Fig. 98 the foundation body for propulsion as a hollow body with separation tip outwards.

Fig. Another form of propulsion foundation body with opening towards the center, from the abzudrängenden eingepreßtes water soil is washed away 98a.

Fig. 99 like Fig. 97, but with a subdivision of the driving elements in smaller dimensions.

Fig. 100 leader in horizontal section, the propulsion element separation point, the pressing onto wall part.

Fig. 101 is a horizontal partial section of the jacking body with separating tip, which is filled with pressurized water and water outlet openings on the sides to achieve soil drifting and to reduce friction during jacking.

Fig. 102 in partial horizontal section extends the jacking body by double-walled wall body or wall body parts with internal stiffening.

FIG. 103, as shown in FIG. 102, but with a pressurized water-filled expelling member with outlet opening for flushing water at the top, at the side and at the concave-shaped wedge wall.

FIG. 104 a propelling body with pressurized water filled, but sealed off from the remaining floor to the wall member with a seal, provided the inner region with a water discharge channel.

Fig. 105 in cross section wall elements with cavities whereby the space between the individual transverse joints is filled with pressurized water and the floor is rinsed off to the interior through a channel.

Fig. 106 in cross-section wall or ceiling elements, the abutting surfaces as in Fig. 105 are filled with pressurized water and a rinsing effect towards the inside is generated.

Fig. 107 in section a jacking body with a tip and in a length of the later building, preferably as a hollow body or double-walled steel element equipped with webs.

Fig. 108 like Fig. 107, but with its own pressurized water tunnel, with flushing water outlet openings.

Fig. 109 shows a cross section of the driving bodies or wall elements.

Fig. 110 shows a jacking body filled with pressurized water from the side with outlet openings on the concave side and at the top with an extended sheet metal as formwork for the subsequently poured in-situ concrete, the sheet metal of the formwork being reinforced by ribs, straight or curved.

Fig filled. 111 in partial cross section of the expelling member with compressed water, but following a leading wall body, which additionally moves the expelling member.

Fig. 112 to Fig. 111, but with a hollow space between the expelling member and vorzutreibenden wall element, which is performed by expelling member, whereby the intermediate space is pressurized water.

Fig. 113 in cross-section of the jacking body is extended towards the cavity with a sheet steel formwork with stiffening on the outside and the jacking body receives the pressurized water through a hose remaining in the concrete.

Fig. 114 shows a cross section through a vorzutreibenden wall or ceiling part made of precast concrete part.

Fig. 115 in cross-section a wall or ceiling part to be driven out of steel or as a precast concrete part, but with additional buckling parts.

Fig. 116 as Fig. 115 with kink add-on parts in one part, but lying in slots.

Fig. 117, like Fig. 116, but for wall or ceiling part made of steel.

Fig. 118 in cross section the driving body, leading the vertically divided wall elements, which in turn interlock by tongue and groove.

Fig. 119 in cross section that the propulsion body is propelled by pressure from the wall part, with or without water pressure flushing.

Fig. 120 that the pre-pressure body, filled with pressurized water, receives dome-like walls, with stiffening element towards the tip, and the individual elements are stirred at the tips of the outer wall.

Fig. 121, like Fig. 120, that spacers are attached to the tips, preferably by wedging.

Fig. 122, like Fig. 121, but with a jacking body that receives straight walls, is hollow and the shape is secured like a truss.

Fig. 123, like Fig. 120 to 122, however, that the propulsion body create the shape of the walls of the structure by an arch, or frame.

Fig. 124, a detail for the wedging of the spacer supports.

Fig. 125 that the supply and discharge structures, as well as the bridges receive a wall made of sheet steel, which is stiffened on the outside by arch elements.

Fig. 126, like Fig. 125, however, that the stiffening is achieved by simple work Ge made of steel bars.

Fig. 127, a cross section through a truss-like structure like Fig. 126, forming a support unit with the wall by welding or screwing.

FIG. 128, a longitudinal section through the wall according to Fig. 125th

Fig. 129, a partial section through an impact of the wall elements.

Fig. 130, a variant of Fig. 127.

Fig. 131, a three-joint frame element as a framework-like structure, a corrugated sheet wall being attached to the inner belt by welding or screwing.

Fig. 132, like Fig. 131, but that the wall consists of prefabricated concrete parts and these parts are suspended from the lower flange.

Fig. 133 that the joint in the apex by the bending elasticity of the outer belt as a rod or flat iron is accomplished.

Fig. 1134 shows in cross section the fastening of the framework-like structure to the sheet metal inner wall in a corrugated form.

Fig. 135 shows in cross-section how the inner wall and the truss-like structure are reinforced with in-situ concrete by a specially shaped formwork.

Fig. 136, in cross section, a variant of FIG. 128th

Fig. 137, in cross section, like Fig. 134, but with a different suspension.

Fig. 138, in cross-section, the framework-like structure made of bar or form steel, the prefabricated panels being held by means of a cross bar via tabs or concrete beads.

Fig. 139 shows a cross section through a wall concrete molding.

Fig. 140 shows a cross section, like Fig. 139, but with slots in which you inset processing elements.

Fig. 141 shows a detailed cross section of the articulated mounting of the supporting structure at the foot.

Fig. 142 shows a detailed cross-section of the foot support in a recess with elastic filling of the slot.

Fig. 143 shows in cross section a three-link arch bridge, the arch part having dimensions that the arch part receives the width of the bridge.

Fig. 144 that an arch bridge with small spans from the shaped blocks of Fig. 52 combined with the connecting elements is created.

Fig. 145, a plan view of the arch part according to Fig. 143, but with the arcuate configuration of the edge with an increase to take over the different overfill height.

Fig. 146, a detailed cross section through a precast concrete frame element with hollow bodies, for bridging waters and traffic routes, with joint training on the foundation.

Fig. 147, a cross section through the element of Fig. 146, wherein the upper chord at the joint free space.

Fig. 148, a cross section through the element of FIG. 146, but with the end of the cavities on one side and with the support of an intermediate plate element and on the other side with the design for supporting an intermediate plate part, consisting of cover and base part.

Fig. 149, like Fig. 146, but with a vertical handle for use in the production of floor rooms for living, office and manufacturing, but for the storage of another floor part of the handle receives a round socket on the edge.

Fig. 150, in longitudinal section as a plate part, each supported on the edge.

Fig. 151, the lined up precast concrete frame as a bridge or as a part of the floor partially inserted window openings and side end plate.

Fig. 152 shows a view of the precast concrete frame element according to Fig. 146 and 148 with an extended handle for the side closure, used as a sidewalk and for receiving a bridge wing.

Fig. 153, shows a section through the foundation with a side view of the frame parts.

Fig. 154, the section through the ankle, the joint socket and the joint rounding is reinforced with stainless steel.

Fig. 155 shows the section through the crown joint with reinforcement made of non-rusting steel, with a notch in the joint socket for receiving a retaining strip and the elastic seal over the joint space with an inserted nose and on a rising bead.

Fig. 156 shows in cross-section precast concrete parts as intermediate parts between two frames, consisting of a cover and a base part, the cover resting obliquely on a web or on the top flange, connecting elements being primarily made of elastic plastic, and the base part with a concrete nose rests on the lower flange of the frame, or is carried by the adjoining frame through a concrete bridge with an opening above a bolt.

Fig. 157 shows the static and constructive system of the prefabricated partial frame for the production of buildings from the basement to the roof without supporting intermediate walls and partition walls in axis representation.

Fig. 158, shows in cross section a self-supporting reinforcing basket made of round steel or shaped steel with cross-connecting parts mainly made of flat steel, the bottom part being held by a support rod with a rising bead or with a flap on the lower armoring and a ceiling part also having a bead downwards Formwork for in-situ concrete.

Fig. 159, like Fig. 158, however, that the intermediate formwork is made of corrugated iron strips, which lies in the concrete of the precast slabs below and above.

Fig. 160, as Fig. 158, 159, however, that the side formwork consists both as concrete beads and corrugated sheets, which lie in the beads and fills the distance between the beads of the bottom part and the ceiling part or outer part and inner part.

Fig. 161 shows the load-bearing reinforcement of a three-articulated frame with a supporting ceiling part and a suspended floor part.

Fig. 162 shows the prefabricated frame as a load-bearing reinforcement when used for bridges and buildings, otherwise as Fig. 158 to 161.

Fig. 163 shows the section of the load-bearing reinforcement cage on which a precast concrete element is supported as a floor on the lower frame part via a holding element and receives a concrete web which represents the formwork for the in-situ concrete to be inserted for the entire reinforcement cage.

Fig. 164 shows in cross section the suspension of the floor slab over a tension-resistant tab which is carried by the lower chord of the basket and at the same time carries a corrugated iron which carries the cover part and represents lateral formwork for the in-situ concrete.

Fig. 165, in cross section the bottom part with rigid support nose and with a formwork sheet with bottom flange and support nose the in-situ concrete cross-section is completed.

Fig. 166, in cross section, the cover plate, which rests on the upper flange, carries the base plate via a tab in bolts, which in the openings of the webs of the plate parts.

Fig. 167, in section a supporting part, which is firmly fixed in the connecting iron of the lower flange and protrude with its legs into slots in the base plates.

Fig. 168, in cross section, that a corrugated sheet is suspended from the self-supporting reinforcement body.

Fig. 169, in cross section a floor slab with angled handle, which is non-positively mounted on the reinforcement cage and acts as lost formwork.

Fig. 170, in cross section a base part as a precast concrete part, as a trapezoidal shell for the in-situ concrete of the reinforced beam.

Fig. 171, like Fig. 170, but as a formwork made of sheet steel suspended on a reinforcing bar, which rests on the upper reinforcing bars.

Fig. 172, in cross section a support body made of profile or round steel with longitudinal and transverse brackets, with corrugated iron attached as roof and ceiling. Fig. 173, shown in cross section of the supporting frame, that the individual supporting frames are given different building heights in order to ensure that the rain runs out in the form of an eaves from the corrugated or trapezoidal sheet metal roof.

Fig. 174, in cross section of the support frame with suspended sound and heat insulation element in a curved shape.

Fig. 175, partial cross section through the insulation element in sandwich construction, the insulation layer being covered at the top and bottom with concrete that has been tried and tested.

Fig. 176, like Fig. 175, but that the insulation layer made of glass wool is enclosed by glass fiber reinforced plastic, a web made of plastic being provided in places.

Fig. 177, in cross section, a linear intermediate piece for roof or suspended ceiling made of two corrugated or trapezoidal profiles, the cavities being filled with insulation elements and the two plates in the respective trough being screwed in a shear-resistant manner.

Fig. 178, like Fig. 176, wherein the surrounding plastic and the insulation layer is wave-shaped.

Fig. 179, in cross section an upper and lower corrugated or trapezoidal element with an inner seal with parallel elements and with a spacer which serves at the same time the function of a truss beam to absorb shear forces.

Fig. 180, to Fig. 179, as a longitudinal section with a view of the framework-like spacer.

Fig. 181, in cross-section a hanging element under the frame, attached to the corrugated roof, sound and heat insulation is load-bearing and constructed like a net.

Fig. 182 that the hanging element is attached to the crossbar of the lower flange of the support frame.

Fig. 183, in cross-section a double-walled wall, the stems of the support frame by cross connections between the wall elements (outside as a load-bearing outer plaster wall, inside as a self-supporting inner plaster wall), the cavities can be filled by insulating elements. The plaster walls are stiffened by ribs and parts of the formwork can be used for the in-situ concrete of the supporting frame.

Fig. 184, in horizontal section, the corner formation in a double-walled construction made of self-supporting outer plaster and inner plaster board.

Fig. 185, in cross-section with an outer plaster plate and an inner plaster plate fastened via supporting webs, which are stabilized by means of crossbars on the elements of the upper chord or the lower chord, the remaining distances being sealed by special elements.

Fig. 186, the view of a self-supporting plasterboard with exemplary arrangement of windows and doors, as well as showing the stiffening ribs and the formwork ribs, and the support frame.

Fig. 187, vertically arranged self-supporting external plasterboards with spacing from one another, in which windows and doors can be arranged.

Fig. 188, as a section through the double-walled wall of Fig. 187.

Fig. 189, in the view of the support frame in the corner formation with arrangement of the base plates which resiliently rest on the upper flange or with cover plates which hang on the lower flange.

Fig. 190, in section, the representation of the storage in the articulation of the supporting support frame on the underlying.

Fig. 191, in cross section the outer plaster and the inner plaster are non-positively connected by means of webs by bolts or represent the formwork for the supporting frame for the in-situ concrete by means of sheet metal walls which are concretely embedded in tensile strength.

Fig. 192, in cross-section the support frame and the inner and outer plastering plate in which retaining tabs are rigidly integrated, which hold a formwork element as a sheet or other plate.

Fig. 193, in cross section a ceiling hanging element, consisting of a corrugated sheet with a welded flat sheet, which receives a formwork wall rigid, for the introduction of in-situ concrete for the steel frame beam.

FIG. 194, in cross-section a portion of the steel frame beam which constitutes a shuttering element for the frame carrier, wherein, primarily from wood of the frame beam is fastened to the demoulding a support grid on in-situ concrete or in the cross bar and are attached to the wooden pallet plasterboard, with additional heat and soundproofing.

Fig. 195, in cross-section a hanging formwork element for concreting the steel frame girder (self-supporting steel reinforcement), whereby after the formwork has been removed, a wooden frame is screwed onto the concreted holding rods, which in turn carries gypsum boards as the ceiling element.

Fig. 196, in cross section, a formwork element in the form of an arch for introducing in-situ concrete for the bolt of the supporting frame, the formwork elements in an arch form being screwed together via angled brackets and being attached to a crossbar in the area of the steel frame support.

Fig. 197 shows the additional equipment of the upper flange of a support frame in the form of welded-on shaped steel elements which are pushed onto a hollow body made of prefabricated concrete, which takes over the function of a projecting balcony.

Fig. 198, in view the representation of support elements as a scaffold for a light well.

Fig. 199, in view a steel frame girder with corner formation, which carries an overlying frame girder, which are connected by a sloping bar, which represents the supporting structure for a staircase.

Fig. 200, in view of the upper chord of the support frame on which the upper chord is mounted so that it can slide and rotate, together with its lower chord represents the support frame for the roof construction, further supporting elements for attaching a dormer to the upper chord of the sloping roof support frame, and the upper chord of this Frame forms the supporting element for the advance of a building.

Fig. 201, in cross section a thin-walled cylinder with vertical longitudinal stiffening elements of different shapes.

FIG. 202, a partial section through the wall and a stiffening element in the base region for displaying the sliding attachment of the longitudinal support element for enlarging the diameter resulted in tensile stress of the thin wall element.

Fig. 203, on average, the non-positive connection of the thin walls with hole areas molded to round angles.

Fig. 204, in section, the prepared bores for angular bending to increase the embrasure area.

Fig. 205, a detailed horizontal cross section with a vertical stiffening element, welded or screwed to the thin wall, the thin wall being kept away from the external earth pressure by a polygonal cylinder wall made of shaped stones according to Fig. 52 and Fig. 53 and the thin wall only taking over the ring pull from the container spout Has.

Fig. 206, a detail section as in Fig. 205, however, that the protection against the external pressure is created by a hanging element made of sheet metal or plastic.

Fig. 207, like Fig. 206, that an insulation layer is introduced behind the cylinder wall, this insulation layer being held outwards by a spherical cap.

Fig. 208 that round containers are made of prefabricated concrete parts in the form of polygons in which the inner wall is flat, with back ribs and reinforcement is rigid and connected to each other tensile at the joints, supplemented by external drawstrings, if necessary.

Fig. 209, in a detail section through the thin wall with vertical joint as a weld with flat iron welded against it.

Fig. 210, in detail cross-section through a thin-walled container with longitudinal stiffening elements, which act beyond the mezzanine floor as supports, which are slidably but tensile connected to the foundation.

Fig. 211, a partial length section through the thin wall with a mezzanine floor for receiving silo and trickling filter, otherwise as Fig. 210.

Fig. 212, in horizontal section a cylinder made of thin-walled sheet metal or polygonal from the molded block according to Figs. 52 and 53 as an insert for wastewater treatment of individual properties, the circular interior being divided by two parallel circular chords, the middle and settling and digestion space is formed and the Segment areas are divided into three on both sides, in which the middle part is filled with reaction material for anaerobic and subsequent aerobic treatment in the opposite area, the discharge to the receiving water being carried out by a flattened grooved tube.

Fig. 214, show different types of packing for the reaction spaces made of plastic and molded parts made of concrete or clay.

Fig. 215 shows the cross section to illustrate the use of the thin-walled cylinder for covered sedimentation tanks, combined with sludge storage and digester.

Fig. 216, in partial cross-section, the use of the thin wall for cylindrical pools with protection by external pressure jacket made of molded concrete blocks according to Fig. 52 and 53. Thereby, circulation is caused in the cylinder space by central air introduction in the ceiling area, in which the rounded top and bottom cylinder Waste water rises again.

Fig. 217, a detailed cross section of a round container with a central earth cone, fastened with concrete, with an outer cylinder wall made of thin-walled stainless steel, protected from external pressure by an inwardly hanging protective wall, made of rust-protected steel or plastic, which is subjected to tension.

Fig. 218 and Fig. 219, represent in horizontal section the protective elements in the form of concrete masonry or in the form of hanging elements between the longitudinal stabilizing elements of the thin wall.

Fig. 220 shows in cross section a stone ramp with an inner seal made of concrete or clay and with an additional membrane seal, with concrete reinforcement in the crash part in vertical and vertical lines.

Fig. 221 shows the top view of FIG. 220th

Fig. 222 shows in cross section a stone ramp with a multi-layer membrane seal and vegetation used in the fall area.

Fig. 223 shows the plan view it.

Fig. 224 shows in cross section a molded concrete part as an arch element, with a reinforcement being attached in the joints, preferably at web height.

Fig. 225 as 224, but as a frame.

Fig. 226 shows a bed in a rectangle Tilting of the foundation.

Fig. 227 shows a Tilting in much of rounded pan.

Fig. 228 shows a cross section to 224 and 225 , the possibility of the web arrangement downwards.

Fig. 229 shows a plan view of the concrete molded parts with parallel webs and a central angle obliquely running webs, and with a curved edge.

Fig. 230 shows in longitudinal section the concrete part in the function as a conical shell element.

Fig. 231 shows in cross section a trough made of the concrete block with a rotatable, spherical roof attached, fastened in the web recess.

Fig. 232 shows the plan view to varying lengths on the sides.

Fig. 233 shows the use of the concrete block for mounting parts for water pools with sinuous wall pieces.

Fig. 234 shows the arrangement of the concrete block for a polygon.

Fig. 235 shows the arrangement of the concrete block for a trapezoidal wall with inclined webs.

Fig. 236 as 234, however, even with longer intermediate wall.

Fig. 237 shows the installation of the stones with doubling on the foot with high walls.

Fig. 239 shows the use of the self-supporting reinforcement cage as a supporting element for a cone shell.

Fig. 240 shows the cross section for a ring container from the concrete block, with air introduction tubes are shown in the circular curve and radially.

The task, with a construction and process complex in connection with a assigned set of elements assembly and technically operated in an inventive manner Buildings for hydropower generation, for liquid and silo storage, for Treatment of waste water and industrial and residential systems, for Bridges, for water supply and drainage for movable and fixed weirs for Establish continuity for the flora and fauna of the water solved as follows.

Buildings and process technologies for hydropower generation are only allowed nowadays be built if the construction and procedures with appropriately designed Set of elements are applied that reflect the biological diversity in and on the water not only preserve or restore, even improve, the ecological balance secure or stabilize, not impair the landscape but attractive design, secure and preserve the habitat for wild plants and animals, even improve and thereby improve the groundwater and flood situation, as well as the integrate natural structures into the landscape and conserve nature or nature promotional components are used. So the task here becomes one Complex between landscape, buildings, which allows processes with which the ecological Structures are preserved or improved.

The hydropower generating turbine ( 1 ) is to be arranged in a power house that can be built underground ( 2 ). The flood relief ( 3 ) is to be used from small, two-part diverting flap weirs without above-ground construction. The fixed dams should have a curved line, preferably as planted stone ramps ( 5 ), with a simple and elastic interior seal, combined with water passages ( 4 ) and close to nature and ascending aids designed according to the habits of the fauna ( 6 , 7 ). The lines of the overflowable fixed ramps ( 22 ) should be chosen so that bank breaks are prevented, the water surface of the original water ( 25 ) should be enlarged by extending the river bed ( 25 ) to the side, the water depths in the newly created wider water bed should be different. Islands with planting are to be created. The bridges should be as pillar-free as possible ( 14 ). Special climbing aids ( 9 ) promote continuity. Passages through dams for roads and paths ( 10 , 11 ) should be vault-like, if possible, without interruption of traffic due to drive-through. Instead of the vertically arranged fish rake, vertical rope rakes ( 12 ) should be used. Inlets and outlets ( 20 , 11 ) should be dome-shaped. The buildings for administration, housing and production ( 15 , 16 ) expected to be used in the neighborhood due to the use of natural energy and the embellished landscape should be connected to a fully biological sewage treatment plant ( 17 , 18 , 19 ). Silo-like containers ( 15 a) and a moated castle are to be built in a round construction and in a short construction time with little land use.

The movable weir lock will be manufactured as a wing flap ( 30 ) as a hollow body hydraulically favorably shaped, with a rotary bearing ( 44 ), so that it acts as a water pressure-controlled wing ( 47 , 48 ) as a double shooter and thus improves the continuity for fauna and flora. The wing is sealed to the side wall, which is designed as a hollow box ( 37 ), in the usual way ( 46 ), with a sliding plate ( 33 ) the toe of the flap wing receives a seal ( 31 ), pressing against the solid ( 32 ), and can be given an additional weight ( 45 ) for better stabilization during the flow process. In addition, the flap wing ( 30 ) is stabilized against the various dynamic forces by a cable system ( 34 , 35 , 36 , 38 , 39 ) with a counterweight ( 40 ) and with a tension spring ( 41 , 42 ). Stabilization can also be achieved by means of racks ( 49 ) or hydraulically. A chain ( 39 ) can also be integrated into the cable pull in order to forcibly move the flap movement by means of a hand crank ( 51 ) or gear motor ( 52 ). The rollers ( 36 , 38 ) can have various arrangements for increasing the cap inertia for the purpose of vibration damping. The flap wing can be shaped like a crescent moon ( 30 a) in order to optimize the static and dynamic water forces ( 47 , 48 ) for movement. The base seal ( 31 a) can also be arranged on the fixed weir body ( 32 ). Furthermore, the tip of the foot can lie over the fixed weir body ( 33 ), the space being filled by an elastic sealing core ( 31 c), any material that has been deposited being pushed away when being closed. The base seal ( 31 b) can also be arranged protected by a protruding weir body part ( 32 a), or can be integrated in a niche. Instead of a link chain for the stabilizing cable pull for the forced iron movement of the flap wing ( 30 ), the cable ( 34 ) can be pressure-fixed to a drive element ( 53 ). The drive element can also be ring-shaped ( 53 a), which is pressed against the cable ( 34 ) by longitudinal wedges ( 54 ). The drive element can also be welded ( 53 b) to the cable ( 34 ).

The drive sprocket ( 38 ) must then have a special tooth shape ( 38 a, 38 b). The counterweight ( 40 ) can be braked by a coiled spiral spring ( 40 a) or by a leaf spring. The drive element can also be a pipe section ( 53 b) which receives a hole in the center for the rope ( 34 ) for welding.

The flap wing is fastened in the wall box ( 37 ) by a cylindrical bearing bush ( 56 ). Several bearing bushes can be arranged one above the other ( 57 ) for height adjustment of the flap wing ( 30 ). In the bearing bush ( 56 ), the pivot pin ( 55 ) is inserted and can be moved out of the bearing bush through an opening in the rear wall of the flap wing ( 59 ). A guide ( 60 ) is welded into the flap wing ( 30 ). The opening ( 59 ) is sealed by a plate ( 58 ).

A stiffened cap ( 30 b) made of sheet steel or plastic can also be used as a movable weir lock. The calotte ( 30 b) is then articulated at the foot ( 44 ) on a fixed weir body ( 32 ). The dome flap ( 30 b) withstands the backwater pressure ( 47 ) in that it is supported at the free end by a web plate ( 62 ) which presses over a curved flat iron onto a force-absorbing hose roller ( 61 ), which is under pressure and with increasing Water jam ( 48 ) deformed the hose roller so far that the cap flap ( 30 b) can carry out the settling process ( 30 c, 61 a). The overpressure in the hose roller ( 63 , 61 ) can be generated by air or water. The water pressure can easily be generated by a side pitot tube ( 64 ) over an arc ( 64 a) ( 65 , 65 a). The dome flap ( 30 b) can be held against the water pressure ( 47 ) by a leaf suspension ( 66 ) and is then lowered ( 30 d) at overpressure ( 48 ) in that the leaf suspension on the weir body ( 32 ) rests the movement process by deformation of the Spring ( 66 a) is made possible. The leaf suspension can be attached to the outside in an arc, as well as inwards, for example concentrically to the calotte ( 30 c). The leaf suspension ( 66 ) can rest freely at a pressed end or be attached to the weir body ( 32 ). The dome flap ( 30 c) can also be held via a cable pull, via a roller ( 36 ), with a spiral tension spring, whereby when overflow ( 48 ) the spring ( 67 ) lowers due to expansion. The dome flap ( 30 b) can also be kept in such a way that a tension spring ( 67 ) is inserted between two rigid arms ( 62 ), the dome flap ( 30 b) being lowered when the spring ( 67 ) changes in length. The dome flap ( 30 b) can also be held by a spiral spring ( 68 ) which is held on the one hand on the weir body ( 32 ) on the other hand at the free end of the flap via a rigid holding arm ( 62 ). In the event of water overpressure, the spiral spring ( 68 ) is compressed so that the flap ( 30 d) is lowered.

The rake upstream of the turbine inlet is formed from horizontally running ropes which are spaced apart by a holding iron ( 72 ) and a spacing iron ( 71 ). The cross section of the rope ( 70 ) can be kept small as a round iron or as an oval iron, which reduces the computing resistance. The rake acts as a rope in the area of the flow cross-section and as a bow at the edges, the bow area being supported by the spacer bars ( 71 ) and the holding bars ( 72 ). The screen trolley ( 74 ) is moved back and forth either by a motor-driven rack or hydraulically, the screenings being moved to a side wash-off channel ( 75 ), where a closure flap ( 76 ) is cushioned ( 76 a) and in the end position from Computing trolley ( 74 ) opens by pressure. When the trolley ( 74 ) moves backwards, the flap ( 76 ) closes via a band spring or a spiral spring ( 75 ) and presses against the side of the duct wall ( 73 ). The trolley receives cleaning fingers ( 74 a) between the cable elements ( 70 ) in the direction of the wash-off duct ) trending. The rake ( 74 ) is horizontally and vertically rigid with a car body, in which the rollers and the drive gear for stabilized movement are arranged so that they roll on compliant guide arches ( 78 , 79 ), whereby a Guide arch ( 78 ) is also designed as a rack.

The trolley ( 74 ) has openings in the form of slots ( 74 b) or holes ( 74 c) in its guide bend for removing the screenings. The computing trolley can be stabilized in vertical and horizontal directions on guide arches ( 87 a, 79 b) which are fastened to a side wall and on which the stabilizing rollers ( 36 ) are supported. The drive pinion for the curved rack ( 49 a) is moved by a moving gear motor ( 52 ). The closure flap ( 76 ) is articulated on the wall of the wash-off channel.

Instead of a turbine, it is possible to use hydroelectric power generation in a simple manner with a high degree of efficiency over the entire water cross-section by means of a belt pull ( 89 ) with hinged longitudinal blades ( 92 ) running continuously via a lower wheel ( 90 ) and an upper wheel ( 90 a). The lower wheel is fixed to the floor ( 91 ), the upper wheel is held by a buoyancy body ( 93 ). When the water level ( 47 ) increases, the installation angle increases and the higher accumulation height is achieved by the rising of the buoyancy body ( 93 ). A steel pipe ( 85 ) with a laterally rotatable bearing ( 86 ) can be installed across the river cross-section ( 84 ), with longitudinal blades ( 92 ) that can be folded onto the pipe and that fold back ( 95 ) on the weir body ( 94 ) supported by rollers. The central bearing ( 86 ) can be carried by a buoyancy box ( 96 ), which can rise when the water level ( 48 ) is higher, creating a higher bearing ( 93 a). The water cross-section receives an end wall ( 88 ) towards the tube ( 85 ). In the case of large widths of water, the pipe ( 85 ) can be subdivided, for which purpose separate storage ( 87 ) must be provided. The longitudinal blades ( 92 ) on i 21685 00070 552 001000280000000200012000285912157400040 0002019808328 00004 21566 of their tip can receive an additional mass ( 45 ) to optimize the folding movement. To take advantage of higher water levels ( 48 ), the longitudinal blades ( 92 ), articulated on the tube ( 85 ) ( 92 a), can be perforated ( 92 c) so that a longer additional blade ( 92 b) stands up and the larger amount of water is used. If the water flow is low, the additional bucket ( 92 b) rests on the base bucket ( 92 ). The longitudinal vane ( 92 ) can be enlarged with a bucket-like buoyancy body ( 92 e) for higher water channels, with normal water channels the buoyancy body ( 92 d) lies in the interior of the longitudinal vane ( 92 ). Compared to the weir body ( 98 ), an additional space for the flap is not required.

Instead of the tried-and-tested impeller turbines, a barrel-like rotary tube with a rubber jacket ( 100 ) mounted in an axis of rotation and lateral locking disks ( 102 ), correspondingly mounted ( 103 ), can be used. When the pressure inside the rubber jacket increases, its diameter increases ( 100 a) and the side wall, which is also elastic ( 105 ), increases the space for this ( 105 a) for the turbine blades ( 104 ), which in turn increase in elastic design. The rubber jacket can be secured against abrasion by scale-like metal parts ( 107 , 108 ), on which the rotating blades ( 104 a) are mounted accordingly.

In hydroelectric power plant construction, various walls, straight and curved, vaults, sealing walls in different lines and at different heights, building walls, simple and double-walled, round tanks and similar structures are necessary. A particularly suitable, all-purpose concrete block is designed for this. This consists of two straight outer walls, one ( 110 ) being longer than the other ( 111 ), in such a way that the end faces form a central angle "beta". These end faces can have slots ( 115 ), in various shapes, in which connecting elements made of plastic or stainless steel ( 114 ) can be inserted. The outer walls ( 110 , 111 ) are preferably connected to two webs which are given a recess ( 112 ). Channels in various cross-sectional shapes ( 113 ) are provided in the reinforced web area. A similar formwork ( 116 ) can be inserted from the recesses in the web area, which holds cement mortar or concrete ( 117 ), also reinforced with iron. This stone form also serves as formwork stone for in-situ concrete ( 118 ) and allows a wall to be cross-connected. The reinforcing irons ( 119 ) can be stabilized in a specially shaped bracket made of steel or plastic. Stone ramps or water guiding rollers can be sealed with this stone, filled with in-situ concrete ( 118 ), whereby the upper web recess is also concreted and a flat sealing element ( 122 ) is inserted into it which is deformed to bend under water pressure ( 122 a). The thin-walled baffle made of sheet metal or plastic ( 122 a) can already be installed as a bend and deforms further if the water pressure increases. The web recess ( 112 ) can also be rounded off as a dome-shaped upper sealing end, serving as a fixed overflow weir. The thin wall ( 122 ) can also be adjusted at the upper end by stones ( 121 ). Furthermore, the thin wall ( 122 ) can be held in a guide pocket ( 123 ) which is held in in-situ concrete ( 120 ) and seals the loose stones lying above it. In the case of high sealing walls, a second row of stones can be arranged in the lower area, at a distance in which in-situ concrete ( 118 ) with reinforcement ( 119 ) is placed. The sealing wall has an opening ( 124 ) in such a way that the stone has an opening, preferably in the fresh concrete state or stepped out later. These precast concrete blocks can also be used to seal the cross sections of fish ladders in the form of dams similar to dams, covered with stones on both sides. The thin wall can also be placed in an in-situ concrete foot without a guide pocket ( 123 ), surrounded by stones ( 121 ) or floor ( 121 a).

With this concrete block all walls and walls can be created for a power house. The assembly contactors can be used as hanging bends ( 126 ) or as printed sheets ( 125 ) in the inlet and outlet. They are hollow bodies with stiffening webs and are retracted when they are filled with water ( 47 a), whereby the external water pressure ( 47 ) to be kept is reliably prevented by flooding the hollow body ( 47 a). By emptying the hollow body ( 47 a), the assembly guards are extended again, as they were retracted by filling ( 125 , 126 ).

The turbine house can also be provided with a hollow chamber ( 131 ) by a precast concrete frame ( 130 ), as well as with an articulated socket bearing ( 132 ), supported by an in-situ concrete floor ( 133 ). The precast concrete frame ( 130 ) can be given an intermediate space which is closed at the top to the earth overflow ( 134 ) by a cover ( 137 ) and a cover part ( 138 ). The turbine ( 1 ) can also have a domed turbine house, with a base made of in-situ concrete ( 133 ), with a vault made of rust-protected or non-rusting steel sheet ( 134 ), which receives a framework-like stiffening ( 135 , 136 ). The sheet ( 134 ) can also be provided with a stiffening bracket in the arch shape ( 136 ) or the arch hood is manufactured with double walls with stiffening webs. As a climbing aid for flora and fauna in the water, a cylinder ( 140 ) is provided, preferably made of plastic or sheet steel, or also from the concrete block ( 110 , 111 ), which has various internals on the ground to control the flow process and to reduce the water outlet speed ( 47 a ) by means of turbulence and impact losses ( 141 , 142 , 143 ). The cylinder ( 140 ) can also be equipped with inclined coils with a corrugated flow floor ( 140 a) and a free middle space, the coils being divided into flat zones ( 145 ) and rising zones ( 146 ) when the corrugated spaces ( 147 ) are filled by means of a floor . The ascent aid can also be divided by cylinders with different radii ( 140 a, 140 b). The flow widths can also increase from top to bottom in order to ensure the incidence of light downwards, as is ensured with various cylinder radii. The connecting elements ( 114 ) can have a wide variety of shapes, depending on the installation task, from shape a) to shape p). The free spaces between the abutting surfaces of the stones can be sealed in the slots ( 115 ) of the various shapes with these connecting elements ( 114 ) in the case of corner formation and with different larger or smaller radii. The stone can be used with two shells, as a hollow stone or as a formwork stone for in-situ concrete ( 118 ) and reinforcement ( 119 ). A reinforcing bar ( 119 ) can also be non-positively installed in the channels at the webs ( 112 ). The space can also be filled with a dam or thermal layer ( 18 a) with a vapor barrier ( 118 b). The stone filled with in-situ concrete can also carry a solid ceiling ( 118 c). Various materials in various shapes ( 118 d) to g) can preferably be used as fillers, consisting of glass fiber, styrofoam balls embedded in concrete or clay or molded pieces made of lightweight concrete or clay ( 118 d). In many cases, incoming and outgoing lines or sidewalks and driveways have to be driven through debris. The final cross-section is divided into the various elements (foundation part 150 , wall part 153 , ceiling part 154 , in the case of double-walled steel parts. Ceiling part 155 , wall part). The foundation can also be pressed through as a hollow body ( 151 ) with a cutting edge ( 150 ) or as a hollow body with an outer slot underneath The subdivided partial elements can be driven at different speeds ( 159 a, b, c, and 150 a). The driving element ( 160 ) can hold the pressing wall part ( 158 ). The driving element ( 160 ) with flushing tip ( 161 ) can be supplied with pressurized water ( 162 ) via the pipe ( 163 ) through the redrawn hollow wall part in order to produce a flushing effect from openings ( 161 ) .The wall part ( 159 ) can form a part with the propulsion equipment ( 160 ). 160 ) under water pressure ( 162 ) can also have an additional flushing opening on the side ( 160 ), filled with pressurized water, sealed to the remaining floor with the pressed-in wall part ( 159 ), can have a flushing channel ( 165 ) of the necessary length ( 164 ) towards the interior. The propulsion body ( 157 ) can form with the pressed-in ( 158 ) wall part ( 159 ). This part can have its own pressurized water space at the tip of the tunnel, with flushing outlet openings. The subdivided wall parts can be connected by slots with connecting elements ( 159 a, 159 d). In cross section, they can also guide the wall body. The cavity ( 164 ) between the jacking body ( 160 ) and the wall element ( 159 ) to be driven can be increased by water pressure ( 162 ), if a seal is used in between ( 170 ). The jacking body ( 160 ) can be stiffened towards the cavity with a formwork sheet be lengthened, the resulting cavity being filled with in-situ concrete and the pressurized water ( 162 ) either being supplied to the jacking body from the outside through a hose ( 163 ) or through a hose in the fresh concrete. This pressure water hose ( 163 ) can be guided in the cavities of the wall elements ( 159 ). For arching the wall, additional parts are inserted in the webs ( 170 ) or in slots or even the webs leading ( 170 a) between the individual wall parts ( 159 ) intermediate elements. The wall parts ( 159 ) can be mutually guided by tongue and groove ( 159 f). The driving body can be driven from the wall part ( 159 ) ( 164 ). The propulsion body filled with pressurized water ( 162 ) can have dome-like walls ( 171 , 172 ), stabilized by a rod ( 173 ) and are guided against one another via the tip and pocket ( 174 ). The wall shape obtained is produced by spacer supports ( 175 ) which are attached to the tips ( 179 ). The propulsion body can also be a lattice-like hollow body, preferably running straight to the remaining earth wall. The spacers ( 175 ) can be secured by wedging ( 178 ) at the tips. The shape of the walls can be specified by an inner arch ( 180 ). The water inlets and passages and the arch-like bridges can be made from sheet steel ( 134 ), which are either welded to it by arch elements ( 136 a) and thus stiffened are. The stiffening will also be achieved by a truss-like structure made of steel bars ( 135 a). The truss-like structure ( 135 a) can receive a corrugated sheet or trapezoidal sheet ( 180 ) or prefabricated concrete parts with appropriate fastening in the inner belt. The inner belt can also run straight here. The joint in the crown is made of steel bars ( 135 b) through a continuous outer belt. The external stiffeners can have various structural shapes such as a trapezoidal sheet metal body ( 136 a). The truss-like stiffening can be additionally stiffened together with the sheet metal by in-situ concrete in formwork. The prefabricated concrete parts (181) of the framework can be maintained on the lower flange by tabs (183) or Betonwülste (181 a) by means of a transverse rod (182). The finished parts can be guided by articulation or by slots with sealing elements ( 135 b, 135 c, 135 d, 135 e). The foot of the framework-like structure is supported by a spherical cap ( 187 ) on ( 186 ) on the floor, or it is held in a slot in a recess which is elastically filled ( 185 ).

A three-hinged bridge is prefabricated as a part ( 188 ) with the dimensions of an arch disc, which allow transport, across the entire width of the bridge, with webs running axially in the upper area and along the embankment course ( 191 ) at the edge area. A vault bridge can also be built from the prefabricated concrete block ( 110 , 111 ) using in-situ concrete in the bridge recesses ( 112 ) and, if necessary, in the spaces between. For bridges with a larger light width, a precast concrete frame ( 130 ) is preferably used with cavities in a round, square, rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal shape, the width of the frame depending on the transport weight and the manufacturing technology. The frames can be placed next to each other, they can also be mounted with gaps ( 195 ), whereby ceiling spacers ( 191 , 192 , 196 , 198 ) are then provided. The prefabricated frames ( 130 ) can receive sloping stems with an upper flange ( 191 ) and a lower flange ( 192 ), but also vertical ones. So they can also be used for the production of floor frames, and without stems as wide-span ceiling beams with side supports ( 194 ). Openings ( 200 ) can be built into the handles for windows when used as a floor frame. When using the bridge ( 130 a), the precast frame can have a longer handle on the edge than the side end for the sidewalk and can also have a wing ( 130 b). The joints with socket and rounding ( 190 ) can be reinforced with stainless steel ( 190 a). Intermediate parts between two frames ( 130 ) can be used as individual plate parts, both for the lower flange part with support bead ( 197 ) or with support web ( 198 ), which has an opening ( 203 ) in which a holding piece ( 204 ) lies. The upper chord part is either sealed on a web ( 205 ) or over an inclined surface ( 206 ).

As the axis diagram shows, the prefabricated frames with vertical handles can be used for multi-storey buildings including the roof, without the need for load-bearing false ceilings, but take over the partition walls at any point. A self-supporting reinforcing basket ( 206 ) made of round or shaped steel with connecting straps can also be used as the frame part. This is then suspended by means of base plates ( 207 ) with straps or filled with bars in concrete webs ( 209 ) and by ceiling parts with webs ( 208 ) with in-situ concrete ( 169 ). The webs can also be corrugated sheets made of asbestos cement, sheet metal or plastic ( 211 a). These precast concrete parts ( 207 , 208 ) with additional webs or corresponding concrete webs ( 208 , 209 ) serve as side formwork for the self-supporting reinforcement cage ( 206 ). For the ceiling part, the web ( 209 ) suspended on the lower flange ( 212 ) or on the upper flange ( 204 a) can be chosen so large that the self-supporting reinforcement cage can be fully concreted ( 169 ). Various formwork elements or prefabricated parts can be used as lost formwork ( 214 , 217 , 219 , 220 , 219 a) around the self-supporting reinforcement cage. Protected against rust, the steel frame ( 206 ) without concrete also serves as a supporting element, roof and ceiling parts ( 217 , 218 ) preferably being made of corrugated or trapezoidal elements, then with different building heights to drain rainwater ( 219 ). Thermal and acoustic elements for insulation can be hung in a curved shape ( 220 , 221 ) on the roof surface ( 218 ). The thermal insulation elements ( 121 ) can be constructed in a sandwich construction with reinforced concrete ( 222 ) and with the use of webs ( 223 ) or with glass fiber reinforced plastic ( 224 ). Corrugated elements ( 226 ) can be screwed ( 227 ) in a shear-proof manner in parallel ( 218 ), the cavities being filled with insulating material ( 221 ). The shafts can also run parallel ( 229 ), then they are connected to a spacer ( 230 ), which is designed as a truss.

The hanging element can also be a net ( 225 ), it can also be attached ( 218 ) to the lower flange ( 217 ). The self-supporting steel frame ( 206 ) can also be concreted ( 169 ) between self-supporting plaster wall surfaces ( 231 , outside) or inside ( 232 ), in which these panels are stiffened with ribs ( 231 a) or provided with formwork webs. The openings for windows and doors ( 200 , 234 ) can be inscribed in these self-supporting wall elements of great length. The long wall elements can be installed horizontally on each floor or vertically over the entire floor, also leaving open areas for windows and doors ( 200 ). The support frame ( 206 ) forms the support for the prefabricated ceiling and floor elements ( 207 , 208 ), equipped with webs ( 209 , 210 ) supplemented if necessary with additional web parts ( 211 e, 211 d) form these panels ( 207 , 208 ) the formwork for the supporting frame when placing the in-situ concrete ( 169 ). The base plates can be elastically supported on the top chord ( 191 ). The frames ( 206 ) receive their dome-like but screwed ( 218 ) joints ( 236 ) on the outer straps. In the usual way, the cavities for the frame ( 206 ) can then be concreted ( 169 ) or the other rooms can be sound and heat insulated ( 221 ). A ceiling plasterboard can also be attached to the frame ( 206 ) in the usual way ( 232 a, 235 ). A formwork made of corrugated sheet ( 217 ) connected to a flat sheet ( 217 a) can also be attached to the frame support ( 206 ). A curved formwork ( 242 ), preferably with screwable ( 218 ) bends ( 243 ), can be inserted between the frame supports in order to support the in-situ concrete ( 169 ) between the frames. The formwork element ( 242 ) can be used as lost formwork. The upper flange of the support frame ( 206 ) can be extended like a strut ( 206 c) and can be surrounded with a hollow concrete body ( 208 a) to form a balcony-like projection, preferably mounted with a suitable plastic ( 206 b). The outer flange of the frame ( 206 ) can be given further special constructions such as for light wells ( 206 d) or stair-like bends ( 206 e) or for dormers ( 206 g), can be extended as a roof frame for an advance ( 206 e). For water and silo storage as additional structures for hydropower generation.

Claims (141)

1. Complex of construction and procedures with a set of components for the various structures of hydropower generation, hydropower use and water treatment, characterized in that the turbine 1 in a flooded with earth, made of specially designed components such as molded blocks 110 , 111 concrete frame beams 130 , steel profile frame beams, sheet steel shells 135 , 135 , a correspondingly stabilized power house is installed, the flood relief 3 from small, two-part, diverting flap weirs 3 without additional above-ground structure and fixed dams 22 , is simple as a planted stone ramps 5 , in curved lines for energy destruction and protection with elastic inner seal Plastic or thin sheet 22 is created, the original body of water 25 is enlarged by lateral expansion 24 with newly created, different water depths using preferably pillar-free bridges gaps, ascent aids 6 , 9 , are used for continuity and for passages and feed lines through dams for roads, paths and water, preferably vault-like, are created using arched shells made of prefabricated concrete or steel or shaped stones, fish rakes are formed with horizontal, rope-like rods, with a horizontal position and is equipped with a corresponding cleaning trolley and that the water energy obtained is used for the buildings to be constructed with the same components, with the treated waste water being released into the underwater in sewage treatment plants 17 , 18 , 19 and silo-like containers or a water closed 21 , also in a circular construction are created, supply and discharge lines 10 , 11 , 20 , are created in the construction of a calotte. 2. As claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the movable weir lock folds as a wing and is shaped as a hollow body 30 , hydraulically so that it seals the transverse opening 30 as a damper without external mechanical forces in the event of a normal backlog, in the case of overflow 48 , top and bottom flow openings are free , by the rotary wing damper is rotatably mounted 44 in the lower third. 3. As claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the rotary damper flap is laterally stabilized by rope 34 , via rollers and via a through eye 35 , and is controlled during the opening and closing process and receives a counterweight 40 , additionally equipped with tension springs, the Angle roll to vertical 38 can also be operated with crank 51 , or gear motor. The side weir walls 37 are made hollow as a box, in the upper part of which the rope device 34 , 35 , 36 , 38 is stored and in the vertical the counterweight 40 with the springs 41 , 42nd 4. As claim 2, characterized in that the wing damper 30 a receives a sickle-like hollow body shape. 5. As in claim 2, characterized in that the wing damper receives the lower seal 31 at the foot. 6. As claim 2, characterized in that the wing damper 30 is rotatably supported 44 by a cylindrical bearing sleeve 56 in the wall box 37 and a plurality of bearing bushes can be provided one above the other for height adjustment of the stowage flap. 7. As in claim 2, characterized in that a pivot pin is inserted from the flap 30 from behind into the bearing bush and the pivot pin is rigid and movably and rotatably mounted in the flap hollow body. 8. As claim 2, characterized in that the rotary wing damper 30 , 30 a presses on a seal 31 a, 31 b, in the upper region of the fixed weir body 32 . 9. As claims 2 and 3, characterized in that between the lower tip of the wing 45 and the fixed weir body 33 , an elastic sealing wedge is attached to the valve body 31 c. 10. How to claim 2, characterized in that the cable 34 for forced drive over the guide roller 38 a with drive elements 53 , 53 a, 53 b, and takes over the function of a link chain, the drive elements from two pressed parts 53 or from one pressed Ring part 53 a or from a welded round piece 53 b with a bore can be. An angle spring 40 a can brake the counterweight 40 via the cable 38 as a chain. 11. As claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the closure member is a flap 30 b, which is rotatably mounted on the bottom and presses on a hose roller which absorbs air or water pressure via a plug-in plate 62 against the water pressure 47 and which is required at excess pressure Lowering path obtained by compressing the hose roller 61 a. 12. As claimed in claim 11, characterized in that the water overpressure 63 is generated by a side stand pipe 64 via an angle 64 a with certain water levels 65 , 65 a. 13. As claimed in claim 11, characterized in that the stowage flap in stiffened calotte form 30 b is supported by an outwardly arched leaf spring 66 against the water pressure and the lowering path by sliding compression of the leaf spring 66 a. 14. As claim 13, characterized in that the flap 30 c is supported an inwardly arched leaf spring 66 , 15. As claim 13, characterized in that the damper 30 c is supported by a roller 36 , a rope 34 and a tension spring 41 . 16. As claimed in claim 13, characterized in that the flap 30 b at the free end receives an upper 62 and a lower rigid arm 67 , which are connected to a tension spring and thereby the flap 30 b at overpressure by expansion of the tension spring 41 a Lowering path receives. 17. As claimed in claim 13, characterized in that the flap 30 b is stable against the water pressure via a spiral spring 68 and the flap 30 d receives the settling path when overflowed. 18. As claim 1, characterized in that the inlet to the turbine 1 is protected by a rake with horizontally extending, statically acting as a rope 70 rake rod made of steel or plastic, preferably with a round or fish-bellied cross-section, from disturbing floating and suspended matter, the rope elements 70 are stabilized with spacers 71 and vertical holding irons 72 , a specially shaped rake 74 is moved along the rope curve by a driven rack or hydraulically from one end to the other end and preferably special cleaning fingers 74 a, attached to the rake, engage in the space between the ropes 70 . At the ends of the rope curve, the rope links can be arched 70 a on the fixed body 73 , at the discharge end there is a wash-off channel 76 a, outside of the cleaning process by a flap 76 , with an angle spring 75 or leaf spring for sealing against the opposite wall 73 and thereby Computing trolley is perforated or slotted in the thrust part 74 b, 74 c, the flap being articulated on the other wall part 73 and being pressed against the other wall with angle springs or leaf springs 81 , 82 . 19. As claimed in claim 18, characterized in that the computing carriage is stabilized horizontally and vertically for the cleaning process by two guide arches 78 , 79 conforming to the rope curve 70 and is guided with rolling wheels in the horizontal and vertical 36 , lead-in arch 78 additionally as a curved rack 49 a is designed for the pinion drive with gear motor. 20. As claim 18, characterized in that the individual elements of the horizontal computing system 70 , 74 , 71 , 76 , 81 , 82 , 80 are pre-assembled in a box. 21. As claim 18, characterized in that the guide arches are fastened to a fixed wall 37 in the upper region 78 a, 79 b in a force-absorbing manner. 22. As in claim 1, characterized in that a steel tube 85 hingedly rotatable 86 is the length of the breadth of the river 84 fitted and are preferably mounted with longitudinal blades 92 rotate 92 a on the pipe 85, said rotatable longitudinal blades to take over the water flow energy set to underwater towards are and are folded during the return movement in a rounded solid 94 towards the tube, the folding process being facilitated by rollers 95 in the solid 94 . The rotatable bearing 86 can be higher 93 a in a buoyancy body 96 at a higher water level 48 . 23. As claim 22, characterized in that the tube 85 is divided with its own foundation 87 and is stored separately. 24. As in claim 1, characterized in that a belt pull 89 with a lower 90 upper 90 a impeller is driven by the inflowing water and is equipped with longitudinal blades, preferably foldable 92 . 25. As in claim 24, characterized in that the lower wheel 90 is rotatably attached to the bottom 91 and the upper wheel 90 a is held by a buoyancy box 84 , the belt tension 89 taking a certain angle towards the bottom, depending on the respective water level 47 . 26. As in claim 22, characterized in that the longitudinal blade 82 is perforated at the back bow 92 c and an additional blade 92 b also opens out in the shape of an bow at a higher water level 48 . 27, Like claim 26, characterized in that the longitudinal blade 92 is extended with a buoyancy body 92 e at a higher water level 48 . 28. As claim 1, characterized in that a barrel-like rotary tube 100 in an elastic design made of stretchable plastic represents the rotating body for the blades 104 and is increased by overpressure p2 and the outer jacket 105 , elastically deformable, pressure-controlled p4 creates space for the enlarged rotary tube 100 by negative pressure. 29. As claimed in claim 28, characterized in that the rotary tube 100 with rubber jacket receives special protective elements 107 with blades 104 a made of steel or cast iron or polyamide and the protective elements are displaceable with respect to one another at a distance in the joints a and with sliding lugs as movement joints. 30. As in claim 1, characterized in that a specially shaped concrete block receives straight outer walls 110 , 111 , the abutting surfaces of the outer walls 110 , 111 being inclined to one another and forming an angle "beta", preferably in the respective fifth point, having webs with recess 112 and preferably with channels in the area of the thickening of the webs 113 , with different cross sections. 31. As in claim 30, characterized in that in the recess 112 receives a formwork made of plastic or thin-walled sheet metal 116 , into which mortar concrete 117 can be introduced, reinforced 119 if necessary. 32. As in claim 30, characterized in that the abutting surfaces of the straight, parallel outer walls 110 , 111 receive slots 115 in the form of drops, or in the shape of a trapezoid, or in a triangular shape, in the connecting elements 114 for mutual closure and for the introduction of filling concrete 118 . 33. As claim 30, characterized in that the abutting surfaces of the stone walls Obtain different angles to each other and determine the respective degree of bending. 34. As in claim 30, characterized in that a specially shaped steel or plastic bracket stabilizes the rebar 119 119 a. 35. As claimed in claim 30, characterized in that the molded block 110 , 111 as a seal for fixed dams or hold-up thresholds 22 , 121 is filled with filler concrete 118 , if necessary with reinforcing bars 119 and is sealed by filling the recess 112 of the upper stone layer with a dam wall Receives plastic or stainless steel 122 , thin-walled, which deforms at a water pressure 48 arc 122 a. 36. As in claim 1, characterized in that the sealing thin wall 122 lies in a guide pocket 123 and receives a concrete foundation 120 surrounded by the pouring stones. 37. As in claim 36, characterized in that the thin wall 122 lies in the guide pocket 123 which is stabilized in the ground and is enclosed by paving stones 121 at the upper end. 38. As in claim 36, characterized in that the hold-up threshold is created by filling in a rounded shape in the web recess 112 . 39. As in claim 35, characterized in that the thin wall is arcuate 122 a and bends further in the event of a robbery. 40. As in claim 34, characterized in that an additional molded block 110 , 111 is placed on the foot in the case of high sealing walls, at a distance, that reinforced concrete 118 has 119 space. 41. As in claim 35, characterized in that the shaped block 110 , 111 receives an opening 124 for the passage of the residual water quantity in the fresh concrete state or subsequently cut. 42. As claimed in claim 1, characterized in that guide dams are created in such a way that they run hydraulically favorably, between the roll stones 121 a thin-wall seal 122 , also obtained as a film. 43. As claimed in claim 35, characterized in that the thin wall 122 receives a sealing clay layer 121 a on at least one side. 44. As claim 1, characterized in that the power house 2 is created in its straight and curved walls from the molded block 110 , 111 . 45. As claimed in claim 44, characterized in that the assembly and emergency contactor is created as a suspension arch 126 or printed sheet 125 as a hollow body, which is filled with water when it is introduced 47 b, is emptied with excess pressure compared to the traffic jam 47 and when it is extended again. 46. As in claim 45, characterized in that 126 a receives the Auflagerspitzen 127 of the hanger sheet 126, or print sheet 125 bearing rollers. 47. As in claim 1, characterized in that the power house is created from a two-joint frame as a prefabricated concrete part 130 , preferably with cavities 131 with a statically defined shape and is articulated on the floor via a pan and a ball 132 and is covered with earth 134 . 48. As in claim 47, characterized in that the two-joint frame 130 is installed at a distance from one another, the gap being filled with a cover part 138 and a cover part 137 , and the end faces are covered from a special panel-like concrete molded part 139 . 49. As in claim 1, characterized in that the power house 2 is formed from a two- or three-joint frame, the wall shell consisting of sheet steel 134 which is supplemented on the outside by a framework-like stiffener 135 , 136 to form a static system. 50. As claim 49, characterized in that the steel wall 134 is welded to the static unit by means of a welded-on outer profile or the steel sheet is guided double-walled 134 with webs 134 a stiffened. 51. As claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the climbing aid for the fauna uses a thin-walled tube 141 made of sheet steel or plastic, in which fittings made of sheet metal or plastic 141 , 143 are provided on its bottom for energy-reducing flow control. 52. As in claim 51, characterized in that the tube 140 is provided with a stiffening, coiled ring 144 , the flow floor 147 and the riser floor 146 being selected 145 being formed in the floor 147 . 53. As in claim 52, characterized in that the winding 140 a is divided into a quiet zone 147 and a rising zone 146 . 54. As in claim 51, characterized in that the tube is constructed in steps 140 b, 140 , 140 c, 140 a, the tube radii decreasing downwards. 55. As in claim 51, characterized in that the flow widths increase 144 in a cylindrical tube 140 . 56. As in claim 30, characterized in that the concrete block is provided with a plastic or sheet profile 114 a on one or both outer sides as protection. 57. As in claim 30, characterized in that the shaped concrete block 110 , 111 receives a special corner profile made of plastic 114 c in the corner formation of a wall. 58. As in claim 30, characterized in that in the case of double-walled execution by means of concrete block 110 , 111 between the walls there is space for the insulation or seal 118 a, 118 b, or for filling concrete 118 , with reinforcement 119 in the channels and in the cavities 112 can be introduced. 59. As claim 30, characterized in that the inner wall carries a concrete ceiling or other ceiling 118 c. 60. As in claim 59, characterized in that a filling material 118 is preferably used for heat sealing the outer wall, which consists either of clay, plastic or mortar surrounded by styrofoam balls 118 g or encased from bundled styrofoam balls in clay or light concrete 118 f, as short pieces or from Short pieces 118 d with a polyp-like cross section. 61. As claimed in claim 1, characterized in that for passages and feed lines 10 , 11 , 20 and bridges, the various elements for the final supporting body such as foundation part 150 , wall part 153 , ceiling part 154 , 155 are driven individually through the floor with different feed speeds 159 a , b, c. 62. As in claim 61, characterized in that the foundation body 150 is designed as a hollow propulsion body 151 with a separation tip 157 . 63. As in claim 61, characterized in that the foundation driving body is made of steel with an opening to the center 152 in which pressurized water is driven into the cavity. 64. As in claim 61, characterized in that the propulsion element 160 guides the pressed-in wall part 159 with a separating tip. 65. As in claim 61, characterized in that the driving body 160 is filled with perforated separating tip 161 and with lateral water outlet openings 161 through a hose 163 with pressurized water 162 . 66. As in claim 61, characterized in that the propulsion body 160 is part of the pressed-in wall body 159 , 158 . 67. As in claim 61, characterized in that the filled with pressurized water expelling member is extended 160 with outlet openings 161 for nachgedrückten wall element 159 and is sealed with this 170, while toward the cavity of the driving body 160 has a flushing channel 165 receives. 68. As claimed in claim 61, characterized in that between two wall elements 159 , 159 a, 159 b to be pressed forward, a composite element sealed to the bottom receives an exit opening 161 to the cavity, with pressure water being introduced into this intermediate space via a pipe 163 . 69. As in claim 61, characterized in that the wall element 159 , double-walled or solid, forms a unit with the propulsion tip 157 . 70. As claim 61, characterized in that the jacking body with water outlet openings 161 on both sides receives extension plates as a wall element. 71. As in claim 61, characterized in that the wall elements are prefabricated hollow hollow parts 159 a and are mutually obtained by tongue and groove 159 d, 159 e or by notches for joint body 170 , and double-walled wall elements made of steel also tongue and groove in their own webs 170 a, 170 b received. 72. As in claim 61, characterized in that the jacking body 160 , 161 , 166 , is filled from the side with pressurized water via a hose or pipe 162 and receives a stiffened sheet metal 168 as sliding formwork 167 for the in-situ concrete 169 to be introduced . 73. As in claim 61, characterized in that pressurized water 162 is driven in the cavity between the propulsion body 160 and the wall element 159 to be driven 159 , thereby enlarging the cavity for the propulsion 164 . 74. As in claim 61, characterized in that the pressurized water 162 is pressed through a pipe 163 into the fresh concrete to the propulsion body 160 . 75. As claimed in claim 61, characterized in that the propulsion body receives dome-like walls 171 , 172 which is stabilized by a web (rod) 173 and is coupled to the adjacent propulsion body in the form of tongue and groove 174 , the spacings of the tips 179 the form of propulsion is secured by spacers. 76. As in claim 61, characterized in that the jacking body is stabilized in the manner of a truss and receives rectilinear wall parts 176 . 77. As in claim 61, characterized in that the propulsion bodies 176 , 171 , 172 form the mold walls by means of an arch or frame 180 . 78. As claim 1, characterized in that the supply, discharge and bridging structures 10 , 11 , 20 receive a wall made of sheet steel 134 , which are stiffened on the outside by arch elements 136 a via welding or by framework-like structures 135 , 135 a. 79. As in claim 78, characterized in that a framework-like structure 135 a, preferably with straight inner and outer belts, accommodates a corrugated sheet or trapezoidal sheet wall 180 or prefabricated concrete parts with a special cross section 181 . 80. As claimed in claim 78, characterized in that the precast concrete slabs 181 are hung on the lower flange 182 via brackets or concrete webs 181 a. 81. As in claim 1, characterized in that the prefabricated concrete part 188 is provided for a three-articulated arch bridge as a single part over the entire width of the bridge, with a web 191 being provided at the edge for taking over the overburden and receiving additional webs parallel to the bridge axis can. Arch bridges with small spans are made of concrete blocks 110 , 111 . 82. As in claim 1, characterized in that for wide span, pillarless bridges 14 a precast concrete frame element 130 with cavities of different design 131 is preferably used with an oblique handle in an articulated socket 190 mounted on the foundation 133 . 83. As in claim 82, characterized in that the webs 194 of the frame element 130 carry intermediate ceiling parts 196 and intermediate ceiling parts 198 rest on the lower flange via a supporting bead 213 . 84. As in claim 82, characterized in that the frame element 130 is given a vertical handle, preferably in use for the production of floor frames for living, etc. 85. As in claim 82, characterized in that the precast concrete part 192 is a plate part with cavities, top flange 191 , bottom flange 192 , which supports 194 on the side. 86. As in claim 82, characterized in that the precast concrete frames are strung together as a bridge part or as a floor part 130 and on the handle, window and door openings are given 200 , with reinforcement of the handle 201 . 87. As in claim 82, characterized in that the frame member 130 a has an elongated stem receives and closes as a pavement element the bridge side, wherein the frame member 130a also receives a wing with extended pavement, while a cover layer is applied over the top flange 191, respectively. 88. As in claim 82, characterized in that the ankle 190 is reinforced in the socket and for rounding the joint with stainless steel 190 a. 89. As in claim 82, characterized in that the precast concrete frame elements 130 for intermediate parts in the upper flange 196 and in the lower flange 197 are obtained, whereby they rest on the upper flange 164 on the web 164 or on an inclined surface of the upper flange 205 a and the lower flange element 197 via a concrete bead 202 on The lower flange 192 of the frame element 130 rest or is carried over a web 203 and a support rod 204 . 90. As in claim 82, characterized in that the precast concrete frame is used for the different floors of buildings from the basement to the roof and thereby save load-bearing partitions, but take over non-load-bearing partitions 202a . 91. As in claim 82, characterized in that the frame element is designed as a self-supporting reinforcing cage 206 made of round steel or shaped steel with horizontal and vertical cross connections and carries precast concrete slabs for the ceiling 207 below and the precast slab resting thereon for the upper ceiling 208 , with concrete webs this Slabs 209 , 208 represent the formwork for the in-situ concrete 169 to be inserted in the frame area and the lower precast concrete slab 207 is suspended from the lower flange via a bracket 205 or a rod in the web 209 . 92. As in claim 91, characterized in that webs 211 made of corrugated elements are used as side formwork between the precast concrete slabs 207 , 208 . 93. As claim 91, characterized in that the side formwork made of short concrete beads 209 , 210 a on the prefabricated panels 207 , 208 are used by web parts 211 a as additional formwork. 94. As in claim 90, characterized in that the self-supporting reinforcing cage represents a three-articulated frame 206 or as a two-articulated frame, each with articulated mounting on the foundation or on the upper chord of the supporting frame. 95. As in claim 90, characterized in that the lower prefabricated concrete part receives such a high web 209 that it can serve as a steel frame for concreting 169 for the self-supporting reinforcement cage, the concrete part 207 both on the lower flange and on the upper flange via a support rod 204 a , 212 is worn. 96. As in claim 90, characterized in that the lower plate 207 is fixed via a tension-proof tab 205 on the lower flange, which mitträgt the formwork web 211 b. 97. As in claim 90, characterized in that 169 lost formwork 219 , 219 a or formwork 217 , 226 , each suspended from the reinforcement cage 206 , are used for concreting. 98. As in claim 90, characterized in that the self-supporting reinforcement cage 206 is screwed onto the top chords as an independent frame support without concrete-in, a transverse roof skin 218 is screwed on with a rain sound trap 219 generated by different handle heights and that a self-supporting ceiling element 217 is attached to the lower chord. 99. As in claim 98, characterized in that a sound and heat insulation element 220 , 221 is hung on the roof skin 218 in a curved shape. 100. As in claim 90, characterized in that the steel frame support 206 is articulated as a three-articulated frame towards the apex and has a greater width towards the foot. 101. As in claim 90, characterized in that the self-supporting ceiling elements in sandwich construction with web 223 and with load-bearing concrete 222 or surrounding plastic 244 are applied around the insulating elements 221 . 102. As in claim 90, characterized in that the self-supporting ceiling element consists of two mutually running corrugated elements or web elements 226 , which are screwed 218 in the wave trough 228 . 103. As in claim 90, characterized in that the corrugated parts 229 run parallel and are given a shear-resistant connection by means of a framework-like structure 230 and accommodate insulating bodies 221 in the intermediate space. 104. As in claim 90, characterized in that the self-supporting reinforcement cage is enclosed by the webs of a long wall portion for introducing in-situ concrete 169, wherein the self-supporting façade panel is stiffened 231 as a finished plaster wall by ribs 231a and receives openings for windows and doors 200 and in the cavity of the interior plasterboard 232 and the outer plaster wall 231, insulating insulating elements and installation lines are introduced, the self-supporting plaster walls 231 being installed horizontally or vertically, and with vertical installation spacing for windows and doors. The plaster walls are supported by the self-supporting steel frame support 206 . 105. As in claim 90, characterized in that the outer belt of the frame carrier 206 lying thereon is accommodated on the outer belt of the supporting frame carrier 206 in a joint pocket 236, the joint bead 237 with screw connection 218 . 106. As in claim 90, characterized in that instead of a precast concrete slab 207 for the ceiling, a wooden frame for applying a gypsum board 235 , 232 a with additional insulation layer 232 to the frame support, concrete 169 suspended 218 . 107. As in claim 90, characterized in that the steel frame beam is concreted 169 over a lost formwork 240 or a formwork 241 to be removed. 108. As in claim 90, characterized in that the space between the steel frame beams 206 is concreted 169 , an arch formwork element 242 being used at the apex with screwed angles 218 , 243 , which is suspended on the steel frame beam 206 . 109. As in claim 90, characterized in that the upper chord of the steel frame support is extended cantilevered 206 c, with lower support and that a hollow body made of prefabricated concrete part 208 a is pushed on. 110. As in claim 90, characterized in that the upper chord used as a roof frame support carries an advance of the roof 206 e. 111. As claimed in claim 1, characterized in that a thin-walled cylinder for storing and treating water, as well as for silo or as a water lock 15 a, 17 , 18 , 19 , 21 is made of thin-walled, rust-protected or stainless steel sheet and of vertical longitudinal stiffening elements 245 , 246 is stabilized. 112. As in claim 111, characterized in that the steel sheet for the cylinder 247 is pushed by screwing in such a way that, after bores 249 a and 250 a, the wall is angled 249 , 250 to enlarge the embrasure by plastic deformation. 113. As in claim 111, characterized in that the thin-walled cylinder 244 is protected from earth pressure by a pressure-resistant outer cylinder made of masonry, preferably with the concrete block 110 , 111 . 114. As in claim 111, characterized in that the protection against earth pressure is created by a hanging element 247 made of sheet metal or plastic. 115. As in claim 111, characterized in that an insulating layer 199 is installed behind the thin wall 244 and is enclosed on the outside by a spherical cap 248 made of thin sheet metal or plastic. 116. As in claim 111, characterized in that between the thin wall and the cylinder wall for receiving earth pressure, with filling concrete 118 , a highly elastic deformation layer 244 b is used, which switches off the ring tensile load from the cylinder wall 244 to the earth pressure cylinder. 117. As in claim 111, characterized in that the longitudinal stiffening elements 245 are supported on the foundation as a support in the case of a suspended floor 199 a. 118. As claimed in claim 111, characterized in that the cylinder is manufactured from prefabricated concrete parts, screwed into joints, with straight inner walls 244 a, stiffened with webs 244 b and additionally carrying the ring tensile stresses with outer tensile elements 244 c. 119. As in claim 1, characterized in that a cylinder is made from thin-walled sheet 254 or from concrete blocks 110 , 111 for the wastewater treatment of individual properties 17 and is divided into seven function-dependent subspaces 255 , 256 , 257 , 259 . 120. As in claim 119, characterized in that the functional sub-rooms 256 with packing elements of various types, such as with wave-like cross sections 265 , 266 , hexagonal, double-walled, serrated walls 267 or rectangular walls 268 or flattened, corrugated pipes 259 or with polyp-like cross sections from small concrete pieces or from serrated plastic walls 271 . 121. As in claim 119, characterized in that the discharge to the receiving water is a flattened corrugated tube 259 . 122. How to claim 119, characterized in that the thin-walled cylinder wall 244 made of sheet steel with stiffening elements 245 encloses a cylindrical space for the settling process and for the Schlammspeieherung and digestion. 123. As in claim 119, characterized in that the thin wall 244 is protected from earth pressure with the concrete molding 110 , 111 and encloses a cylindrical space in which the pre-cleaned wastewater is centrally ventilated 261 and circulation takes place in a central cylinder 260 , a discharge pipe system 260 a, 260 b is located under this cylinder 260 . 124. As claimed in claim 119, characterized in that a thin-walled cylinder 245 made of steel 244 with stiffening elements 245 , with a protective wall against earth pressure 245 or by hanging element 247 protected against earth pressure encloses a space for the clarification, a cone being arranged centrally with Concrete is protected and 133 receives the larger radius towards the ground. 125. As in claim 1, characterized in that the flowable stone ramps 7 , 22 receive a core seal made of concrete or clay 122b and an elastic sealing element, preferably made of multilayer plastic sheets, is arranged in front of the stones, whereby on the side of the waste-like overflow in longitudinal and transverse direction of the stone body 121 in the joints receives concrete fillings 119 a. 126. How to claim 125, characterized in that the multilayer plastic webs 122 extend into the one hand Auflagerboden, on the other hand, cover the Auflagerboden upper water side, wherein the webs 122 c in the rock body through the ground before the stones 121 is protected. 127. As in claim 115, characterized in that 121 stone bushes and trees 122 d are used in the stone body and is protected by a close-meshed plastic net 121 e. 128. As claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the three- joint frame element 188 b, 188 c receives a stiffening with perforations at the top and is reinforced at the ankle or vertex joint up to the web height. 129. How to claim 128, characterized in that the Gelenkwulst 190 a intercalates to the foundation 133 in an angle-like space b or overlaid in an extended wide pan 133 and a seal 133 c is preferably obtained. 130. As in claim 128, characterized in that the concrete molded parts 188 b, 188 c are screwed into the webs, the webs also being able to be arranged at the bottom. 131. As in claim 128, characterized in that the precast concrete frame elements 188 b, 188 c have parallel webs 191 . 132. As in claim 128, characterized in that the webs run obliquely to a center 191 b and the articulated beads are divided into two. 133. As in claim 128, characterized in that the prefabricated concrete elements 188 d with oblique webs as a conical shell for ceilings in the central area are pushed against pressure and repel each other on the cylinder wall 133 a. 134. As in claim 128, characterized in that an open trough is produced from the shaped concrete block 110 , 111 , in which an articulated roof hood 277 is rotatably mounted in the web recess 112 . 135. As in claim 134, characterized in that the troughs receive a long wall part and a short wall part including a central angle 270 as a finished part. 136. As in claim 134, characterized in that prefabricated concrete parts in corrugated wall shape 276 b or as an intermediate piece 276 d or as a calotte 276 e are produced with the concrete block 110 , 111 . 137. As in claim 134, characterized in that the trapezoidal wall made of the shaped concrete block 110 , 111 is produced with inclined webs and parallel belts. 138. As claimed in claim 134, characterized in that an annular container 276 is produced from the shaped concrete block 110 , 111 , which is installed to generate the flow movement and for wastewater aeration 261 , air introduction tubes in the longitudinal direction or in the transverse direction 261 a. 139. As in claim 134, characterized in that the kink angle of the polygonal wall made of concrete block 110 , 111 depends on the number of pivoted concrete blocks installed in a straight line. 140. As in claim 134, characterized in that the walls receive an additional, polygonal row of stones at the foot of large container heights and thus create a space for the in-situ concrete 117 a to be introduced. 141. How to claim 134, characterized in that a cylinder container obtained by a self-supporting Armierungskonstruktion 206 for a conical top, wherein the Armierungskonstruktionen 206 is discharged in the central area to pressure, wherein the design width of the Armierungskonstruktion 206 c to the cylinder wall 206 increases.