DE19806715A1 - New urethane derivatives are used to inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis and to treat e.g. hyperlipidemia, cell proliferation diseases, mycosis etc. - Google Patents

Abstract

New cyclic urethane, thiourethane and dithiourethane derivatives. Urethane, thiourethane and dithiourethane derivatives of formula (I), their enantiomers, diastereomers, mixtures and salts are new. m = 0 or 1; n = 1 or 2; A = a bond, 1-8C alkylene, 2-8C alkenylene or 2-8C alkynylene, provided that an unsaturated group is not directly bonded to Y; X, Y = O or S; R1 = 1-8C alkyl, 1-6C alkenyl (sic) or 1-6C alkynyl (sic), in which multiple bonds are isolated from the N-C bond; R2 = H, 1-8C alkyl (optionally substituted by OH or alkoxy), 1-6C alkenyl (sic) or 1-6C alkynyl (sic), in which the OH or alkoxy substituents are not bonded to the 1-position and any multiple bonds are isolated from the N-C bond; or NR1R2 = 5-7 membered saturated heterocycle optionally containing additional O, S, NH or N(alkyl) ring members; R3-R5 = H or alkyl; R6 = 3-7C cycloalkyl; or phenyl or naphthyl (optionally substituted by 1-2 halo or 1 alkyl, alkoxy, CF3 or CN); or may be H when A = a bond; D = naphthyl, 5 membered heteroaryl (containing 1 O, N or S or 1 or 2 N and an additional N, O or S), 6 membered heteroaryl containing 1-3 N (all optionally C-substituted by 1-3 F, Cl, Br, alkyl, alkoxy, CF3 or CN and optionally substituted on 1 N by alkyl, provided that the heteroaryl groups only have a maximum of 3 substituents); E = O, S or CH2; and R7 = H; or E = CH(R9); and R7+R9 = a bond; unless otherwise specified, alkyl groups have 1-3C and halo = F, Cl or Br.

Description

The present invention relates to new urethanes, their thio and Dithio analogues, their salts with physiologically compatible organic and inorganic acids, manufacturing process tion of these compounds and medicines containing them.

The compounds of the invention are inhibitors of Cholesterol biosynthesis, especially inhibitors of ene zyms 2,3-epoxysqualene lanosterol cyclase, a key enzymes of cholesterol biosynthesis. The verb according to the invention are suitable for the treatment and prophylaxis of hyper lipidemia, hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. Wei Other possible areas of application arise for the treatment treatment of hyperproliferative skin and vascular diseases, Tu moren, gallstone disease and mycoses.

Compounds that interfere with cholesterol biosynthesis, are for the treatment of a number of clinical pictures of Meaning. Here are mainly hypercholesterolemia and hy Perlipidemia to name the risk factors for the emergence atherosclerotic vascular changes and their secondary crane such as coronary artery disease, cerebral Represent ischemia, intermittent claudication and gangrene.

The importance of excessive serum cholesterol levels as the main risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic vascular ver Changes are generally accepted. Extensive clinical Studies have led to the realization that through Erniedri serum cholesterol risk of developing coronary artery disease diseases can be reduced (Current Opinion  in Lipidology 2 (4), 234 [1991]; Exp. Opin. Ther. Patents 7 (5), 441-455 [1997]). Since most of the cholesterol in Or Ganism itself synthesized and only a small part with the ingestion of food represents the inhibition of biosyn a particularly attractive way, the elevated Cho lower lesterol levels.

In addition, Cho lesterol biosynthesis inhibitors the treatment of hyperproliferative Skin and vascular diseases as well as tumor diseases Treatment and prophylaxis of gallstone disorders and the Ein described in mycoses. This is in last case about an intervention in ergosterol biosynthesis in Fungal organisms, which are largely analogous to cholesterol organic synthesis takes place in mammalian cells.

The cholesterol or ergosterol biosynthesis proceeds, starting from acetic acid, over a large number of reaction steps. This multi-stage process offers a number of possible interventions, examples of which are:
For the inhibition of the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) synthase, β-lactones and β-lactams with potential antihypercholesterolemic activity are mentioned (see J. Antibiotics 40, 1356 [1987], US -A-4,751,237, EP-A-0 462 667, US-A-4,983,597).

Examples of inhibitors of the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase 3,5-dihydroxycarboxylic acids of the mevinoline type and their δ-lactones whose representatives are lovastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, Fluvastatin, atorvastatin and cerivastatin in therapy of hypercholesterolemia. More possible Fields of application of these compounds are fungal infections (US-A-4,375,475, EP-A-0 113 881, US-A-5,106,992), Hauter diseases (EP-A-0 369 263) as well as gallstone problems and tumor diseases (US-A-5,106,992; Lancet 339, 1154-1156 [1992]).  

Inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation by Lova statin is described in Cardiovasc. Drugs. Ther. 5, Suppl. 3, 354 [1991]. Tocotrienol, an unsaturated analogue of Vi tamin E, and its analogues represent another substance class that acts on the HMG-CoA reductase (Exp. Opin. Ther. Patents 7 (5), 446 [1997]).

Inhibitors of the enzyme squalene synthetase are e.g. B. isoprenoid (phos phinylmethyl) phosphonates, their suitability for treatment of hypercholesterolemia, gallstone disease and tumor crane in EP-A-0 409 181 and in J. Med. Chemistry 34, 1912 [1991], also α-phosphonosulfinate compounds (EP-A-0 698 609), compounds J-104,118 and J-104,123 (Tetrahedron 52, 13 881-13 894, [1996]) and cyclobutane derivatives (WO 96/33159). An overview of squalene synthetase inhibi gates can be found in Exp. Opin. Ther. Patents 7 (5), 446-448 [1997].

Al inhibitors of the enzyme squalene epoxidase are known lylamine such as naftidine and terbinafine, which act as a remedy for Fungal diseases have found their way into therapy as well the allylamine NB-598 with antihypercholesterolemic activity (J. Biol. Chemistry 265, 18 075-18 078 [1990]) and Fluorsqualen-De derivatives with hypocholesterolemic activity (US-A-5,011,859). Furthermore, piperidines and azadecalines are potential hypocholesterolemic and / or antifungal effects wrote whose mechanism of action has not been clearly clarified and which squalene epoxidase and / or 2,3-epoxy qualen lano represent sterol cyclase inhibitors (EP-A-0 420 116, EP-A-0 468 434, US-A-5,084,461 and EP-A-0 468 457). Further Representatives are described in Exp. Opin. Ther. Patents 7 (5), 448-449 [1997].

Examples of inhibitors of the enzyme 2,3-epoxisqualen-lano sterol cyclase are diphenyl derivatives (EP-A-0 464 465), Aminoalkoxybenzene derivatives (EP-A-0 410 359, J. Lipid. Res. 38,  373-390, [1997]) and piperidine derivatives (J. Org. Chem. 57, 2794-2903 [1992], which have an antifungal effect. Of furthermore this enzyme is activated in mammalian cells by Decaline, Azadecaline and indane derivatives (WO 89/08450; J. Biol. Chemistry 254, 11 258-11 263 [1981]; Biochem. Pharmacology 37, 1955-1964 [1988] and J 64 003 144), further by 2-aza-2,3-dihydro squalene and 2,3-epiminosqualen (Biochem. Pharmacology 34, 2765-2777 [1985]), by squalenoid-epoxy vinyl ether (J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. I, 461 [1988]) and 29-methylidene-2,3-oxido squalene (J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 113, 9673-9674 [1991]). Further examples are pyridine or pyrimidine derivatives (WO 97/06802), heterobicyclic alkylamines (WO 96/11201), Imidazole derivatives (EP-A-0 757 988) and isoquinoline derivatives (J. Med. Chemistry 39, 2302-2312, [1996]). Furthermore are described ureas (DE-A-44 38 021), oximes (DE-A-44 12 692), a series of amides (DE-A-44 07 134, DE-A-44 07 135, DE-A-44 07 136, DE-A-44 07 138, DE-A-44 07 139, DE-A-44 12 691, DE-A-44 37 999, DE-A-44 38 000, DE-A-44 38 020, DE-A-44 38 082, DE-A-44 38 029, DE-A-44 38 054, DE-A-44 38 055, DE-A-44 38 082, DE-A-44 38 083, EP-A-0 599 203, EP-A-0 596 326) and esters (WO 95/29148). Further examples are described in Exp. Opin. Ther. Patents 7 (5), 448-449 [1997].

Finally, as inhibitors of the enzyme Lanosterol-14α-De methylase still steroid derivatives with potential antihyperlipi to call the demonic effect, which is simultaneously the enzyme Affect HMG-CoA reductase (US-A-5,041,431; J. Biol. Chemistry 266, 20 070-20 078 [1991]; US-A-5,034,548). Furthermore this enzyme is inhi by the azole-type antifungals which N-substituted imidazoles and triazoles are len. For example, this class includes those on the market antifungals ketoconazole and fluconazole.  

The compounds of general formula I below are New. Surprisingly, it has been found to be very effective same inhibitors of the enzyme 2,3-Epoxisqualen-Lanosterol-Cyc lase (international classification: EC 5.4.99.7).

The enzyme 2,3-Epoxisqualen-Lanosterol-Cyclase catalyzed a key step in cholesterol or ergosterol bio synthesis, namely the conversion of the 2,3-epoxis torment into the Lanosterol, the first compound with steroid structure in the Biosynthesis cascade. Inhibitors of this enzyme do not Inhibitors of previous biosynthetic steps, such as HMG-CoA synthase and HMG-CoA reductase, the advantage of high expected selectivity because inhibition of this early Biosynthesis steps for the decrease of biosynthetically formed Mevalonic acid leads and thereby also the biosynthesis of the meva Ionic acid-dependent substances dolichol, ubiquinone and isopen can negatively influence tenyl-t-RNA (cf. J. Biol. Chemistry 265, 18 075-18 078 [1990].

When inhibiting biosynthesis steps after conversion 2,3-Epoxisqualen in Lanosterol is at risk of contracting accumulation of intermediates with steroid structure in the organization and the resulting toxic effects. This is for example for triparanol, a desmosterol Reductase inhibitor. This substance had to Formation of cataracts, ichthyosis and alopecia from the market be taken (cited in J. Biol. Chemistry 265, 18 075-18 078 [1990]).

As already mentioned at the beginning are inhibitors of 2,3-epoxies squalene-lanosterol cyclase already in the literature described. However, they are not urethanes or theirs Thio or dithio analogues as inhibitors of 2,3-epoxy Lanosterol cyclase known.

The invention relates to the provision of antihypercholes sterolemic substances used for treatment and prophylaxis  of atherosclerosis are suitable and compared to known ones Active ingredients through better antihypercholesterolemic Effect with increased selectivity and thus increased security are distinguished. Since the compounds of the invention due to their high effectiveness as inhibitors of the enzyme 2,3-Epoxisqualen-Lanosterol-Cyclase also the Ergosterol-Bio can inhibit synthesis in the fungal organism, they are too suitable for the treatment of mycoses.

The present invention relates to the new urethanes and their thio and dithio analogs of the general formula

in the
m the numbers 0 or 1,
n the numbers 1 or 2,
A is a single bond, a straight-chain or branched C _1-8 alkylene group, a C _2-8 alkenylene or C _2-8 alkynyl group, an unsaturated group not being bonded directly to the radical Y,
X is an oxygen or sulfur atom,
Y is an oxygen or sulfur atom,
R ^{1 is} a straight-chain or branched C _1-8 alkyl group, a C _1-6 alkenyl group or a C _1-6 alkynyl group, the multiple bond being isolated from the nitrogen-carbon bond,
R ^{2 represents} a hydrogen atom, a straight-chain or branched C _1-8 alkyl group which can be substituted by a hydroxy or alkoxy group, a C _1-6 alkenyl group or a C _1-6 alkynyl group, where a hydroxy and alkoxy Substituent is not bound in the 1-position and a multiple bond is isolated from the nitrogen-carbon bond, or
R ¹ and R ² together with the nitrogen atom form a 5- to 7-membered, saturated heterocyclic ring in which a methylene group isolated from the nitrogen atom by an oxygen or sulfur atom, by an -NH- or -N (alkyl) group can be replaced
R ³ to R ⁵ , which may be the same or different, hydrogen atoms or alkyl groups,
R ^{6 is} a C _3-7 cycloalkyl group, a phenyl or naphthyl group which is optionally substituted by one or two halogen atoms, an alkyl, alkoxy, trifluoromethyl or cyano group or, if A is not a single bond, also a hydrogen atom,
D is a naphthyl radical,
a 5-membered heteroaryl radical bonded via two carbon atoms, which contains a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom or a nitrogen atom and another of the heteroatoms N, O and S or two nitrogen atoms and another of the heteroatoms N, O and S, or
a 6-membered heteroaryl radical containing one, two or three nitrogen atoms,
where the aryl and heteroaryl radicals mentioned above may be mono-, di- or tri-substituted in the carbon skeleton by fluorine, chlorine or bromine atoms, by alkyl, alkoxy, cyano or trifluoromethyl groups, the substituents being the same or different and a hydrogen atom bonded to a nitrogen atom of the heteroaryl radicals can be replaced by an alkyl group, the hetero aryl radicals however being able to be substituted a maximum of three times in total,
E is an oxygen or sulfur atom or a methylene group and
R ^{7 is} a hydrogen atom or
E is the group -C (R ⁸ R ⁹ ) -, wherein
R ^{8 is} a hydrogen atom and
R ⁹ together with the adjacent group R ^{7 represents} a carbon-carbon bond,
mean, unless stated otherwise, alkyl groups contained in the abovementioned radicals can each contain 1 to 3 carbon atoms and a halogen atom mentioned above can mean a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom,
their enantiomers, diastereomers, their mixtures and their salts, in particular their physiologically acceptable acid addition salts.

Under a 5-membered heteroaryl group mentioned above is for example a furan, thiophene, pyrrole, pyrazole, Isoxazole, oxazole, imidazole, thiazole, isothiazole, 1,2,4-oxa diazole, 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole, 1,2,4-tria zol- or 1,3,4-triazole radical to understand.

Under a 6-membered heteroaryl group mentioned above is for example a pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyri To understand dazin-, 1,3,4-triazine or 1,3,5-triazine residue.  

Compounds of the general formula I are preferred in which
m the number 1,
n is the number 1,
A is a single bond, a straight-chain or branched C _1-6 alkylene group,
X is an oxygen or sulfur atom,
Y is an oxygen or sulfur atom,
R ^{1 is} a straight-chain or branched C _1-6 alkyl group,
R ^{2 is} a hydrogen atom, a straight-chain or branched C _1-6 alkyl group which may be substituted by a hydroxy group, a C _1-4 alkenyl group or a C _1-4 alkynyl group, the hydroxy group not being bonded in the 1-position and the multiple bond is isolated from the nitrogen-carbon bond, or
R ¹ and R ² together with the nitrogen atom represent a pyrrolidine, piperidine or morpholine ring,
R ³ to R ⁵ , which can be the same or different, hydrogen atoms or methyl groups,
R ^{6 is} a C _3-6 cycloalkyl group, a phenyl or naphthyl group which is optionally substituted by one or two halogen atoms, an alkyl, alkoxy, trifluoromethyl or cyano group or, if A is not a single bond, also a hydrogen atom,
D is a naphthyl radical,
a furan, thiophene, pyrrole, pyrazole, isoxazole, oxazole, imidazole, thiazole, isothiazole, 1,2,4-oxadiazole, 1,3,4-oxadiazole bonded via two carbon atoms -, 1,3,4-thiadiazole, 1,2,4-triazole or 1,3,4-triazole residue or
a pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine residue,
wherein the above-mentioned aryl and heteroaryl radicals in the carbon skeleton can be mono-, di- or tri-substituted by fluorine, chlorine or bromine atoms, by alkyl, alkoxy or trifluoromethyl groups, where the substituents can be the same or different, and a hydrogen atom bonded to a nitrogen atom of the heteroaryl radicals can be replaced by an alkyl group, but the heteroaryl radicals in total can be substituted a maximum of three times,
E is an oxygen or sulfur atom or a methylene group and
R ^{7 represents} a hydrogen atom,
where, unless stated otherwise, alkyl groups contained in the abovementioned radicals can each contain 1 to 3 carbon atoms and a halogen atom mentioned above can mean a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom,
their enantiomers, diastereomers, their mixtures and their salts, in particular their physiologically acceptable acid addition salts.

The compounds of the general formula I in which
m the number 1,
n is the number 1,
A a single bond,
X is a sulfur atom,
Y is a sulfur atom,
R ¹ and R ² are each independently a methyl or ethyl group,
R ³ to R ^{5 are} hydrogen atoms,
R ^{6 is} a phenyl group which is optionally substituted by a chlorine, bromine or fluorine atom or by a methyl group,
D is an oxazole, isoxazole, thiazole or isothiazole residue,
E is a sulfur atom and
R ^{7 represents} a hydrogen atom,
their mixtures and their salts, in particular their physiologically compatible acid addition salts, but especially the compound
(1) N - [(Benzylthio) thiocarbonyl] -4- [5- (dimethylaminomethyl) -thiazol-2-yl-thio] piperidine
and their salts, in particular their physiologically compatible acid addition salts, for example their hydrochloride.

The compounds of general formula I can be for example, using the following methods:  

a) implementation of a compound of the general formula

in the
m, n, D, E, R ¹ to R ⁵ and R ⁷ are defined as mentioned at the outset, with a compound of the general formula

in the
A, X, Y and R ⁶ are defined as mentioned at the outset and Z is a leaving group, for example a halogen atom, such as the chlorine, bromine or iodine atom,
and, if necessary, subsequent deprotection.

The implementation is under Schotten-Baumann or Einhorn bedin conditions carried out, that is, the components are in Ge presence of at least one equivalent of an auxiliary base Temperatures between -50 ° C and + 120 ° C, preferably -10 ° C and + 30 ° C, and optionally in the presence of solvents for Re action brought. Preferred auxiliary bases are alkali and Alkaline earth metal hydroxides, for example sodium hydroxide, potassium hy hydroxide or barium hydroxide, alkali carbonates, e.g. B. sodium car bonate, potassium carbonate or cesium carbonate, alkali acetates, e.g. B. Sodium or potassium acetate, as well as tertiary amines, for example se pyridine, 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine, quinoline, triethylamine, N-ethyl-diisopropylamine, N-ethyl-dicyclohexylamine, 1,4-di azabicyclo [2,2,2] octane or 1,8-diazabicyclo [5,4,0] undec-7-ene, as a solvent, for example diethyl ether, methylene chloride, Dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dio  xan, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-Me thyl pyrrolidone or mixtures thereof; are considered Auxiliary bases alkali or alkaline earth hydroxides, alkali carbonates or acetates used, the reaction mixture can also water be added as a cosolvent.

If R ^{2 represents} a hydrogen atom, the reaction is expediently carried out in such a way that first a compound of the general formula (II) in which R ^{2 represents} a protective group, such as preferably the tert-butyloxycarbonyl radical, is reacted and after the reaction has ended, the protective group is split off again by customary methods, for example by the action of trifluoroacetic acid or hydrogen chloride in dioxane.

b) For the preparation of compounds of general formula (I) in which X and Y each represent a sulfur atom and m, n, D, E, A and R to R ^{7 are defined} with the proviso that R ^{6 is} none represents optionally substituted phenyl or naphthyl group if A denotes a single bond:
Reaction of compounds of general formula (II), in which m, n, D, E and R to R ⁵ and R ⁷ are defined as mentioned at the outset, with carbon disulfide and then with an alkylating agent of the general formula

in the
A and R ^{6 are defined} with the proviso that R ⁶ does not represent an optionally substituted phenyl or naphthyl group if A is a single bond and Z ^{1 is} a leaving group, for example a halogen atom such as chlorine, bromine or Iodine atom, an alkylsulfonyloxy group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms in the alkyl part, a given by chlorine or bromine atoms, by methyl or nitro groups mono-, di- or tri-substituted phenylsulfonyloxy or naphthylsulfonyloxy group, where the substituents may be the same or different,
and, if necessary, subsequent deprotection.

If R ^{2 represents} a hydrogen atom, a compound of the general formula (II) in which R ^{2 represents} a protective group, for example a tert-butoxycarbonyl radical, is expediently reacted first and the protective group is then cleaved off by customary methods, for example by Trifluoroacetic acid or hydrogen chloride in di oxane.

If R ^{2 is} an alkyl group substituted by a hydroxyl group, it is advisable to protect the hydroxyl group from the reaction, for example by the tetrahydro pyranyl radical which is split off again after the reaction, for example by trifluoroacetic acid or by hydrogen chloride in dioxane.

The reaction is advantageously carried out so that a Compound of general formula (II) in a suitable Lö smittel, for example in tetrahydrofuran, first in the lithium salt is transferred, for example with n-butyl lithium at a temperature of -20 to -10 ° C, and then with Carbon disulfide is implemented. Then one Compound of general formula (IV) in a suitable Solvents, for example in tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl formamide or a mixture of the two solvents give and the reaction carried out at 20-60 ° C.

In the implementations described above, there may be if existing reactive groups such as hydroxy, amino or Alkylamino- during the reaction by usual protective groups protected, which split off after the implementation become.  

For example, the trimethylsilyl, acetyl, benzoyl, tert-butyl, trityl, benzyl or tetrahydropyranyl group and comes as a protective radical for a hydroxyl group
as a protective radical for an amino or alkylamino group, the acetyl, trifluoroacetyl, benzoyl, ethoxycarbonyl, tert.but oxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, benzyl, methoxybenzyl or 2,4-dimethoxybenzyl group and for the amino group additionally the phthalyl group in Consideration.

The subsequent subsequent splitting off of one used Protective residue takes place, for example, hydrolytically in one aqueous solvents, e.g. B. in water, isopropanol / water, Tetrahydrofuran / water or dioxane / water, in the presence of a Acid such as trifluoroacetic acid, hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid or in the presence of an alkali base such as lithium hydroxide, Na trium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide or by ether cleavage, e.g. B. in the presence of iodotrimethylsilane, at temperatures between 0 and 100 ° C, preferably at temperatures between 10 and 50 ° C.

Cleavage of a benzyl, methoxybenzyl or benzyloxy However, carbonyl radicals are carried out, for example, hydrogenolytically, e.g. B. with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst such as Pal ladium / coal in a solvent such as methanol, ethanol, Ethyl acetate, dimethylformamide, dimethylformamide / ace clay or glacial acetic acid, optionally with the addition of an acid such as Hydrochloric acid at temperatures between 0 and 50 ° C, preferably however at room temperature and at a hydrogen pressure of 1 to 7 bar, but preferably from 3 to 5 bar.

A methoxybenzyl group can also be split off in counter were an oxidizing agent such as cerium (IV) ammonium nitrate in a solvent such as methylene chloride, acetonitrile or Acetonitrile / water at temperatures between 0 and 50 ° C, but preferably at room temperature.  

However, a 2,4-dimethoxybenzyl radical is split off preferably in trifluoroacetic acid in the presence of anisole.

The cleavage of a tert-butyl or tert-butyloxycarbonyl the rest is preferably done by treatment with an acid such as trifluoroacetic acid or hydrochloric acid optionally under Use of a solvent such as methylene chloride, dioxane or ether.

A phthalyl radical is preferably cleaved in Presence of hydrazine or a primary amine such as methyl amine, ethylamine or n-butylamine in a solvent such as Methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, toluene / water or dioxane Temperatures between 20 and 50 ° C.

The compounds prepared by the above procedures the general formula I can be according to known methods clean and isolate, for example using a Kristallisa tion, distillation or chromatography.

Furthermore, the compounds of general Formula I optionally in its enantiomers and / or dia be separated stereomerically.

For example, the compounds obtained from general formula I, which occur in racemates, according to known methods (see Allinger N. L. and Eliel E. L. in "Topics in Stereochemistry", Vol. 6, Wiley Interscience, 1971)) in their optical antipodes and connections of the general my formula I with at least 2 asymmetric carbon atoms due to their physico-chemical differences according to known methods, e.g. B. by chromatography and / or fractional crystallization, in their diastereomers separate which, if they occur in racemic form, on finally, as mentioned above, separated into the enantiomers that can.  

The separation of enantiomers is preferably carried out by columns separation on chiral phases or by recrystallization an optically active solvent or by reacting with one with the racemic compound salts or derivatives such as e.g. B. ester or amide-forming optically active substance, ins special acids and their activated derivatives or alcohols, and separating the diastereomer thus obtained Salt mixture or derivative, e.g. B. due to various Solubilities, being from the pure diastereomeric salts or Derivatives the free antipodes by the action of appropriate Funds can be released. Particularly common, optically active acids are e.g. B. the D and L forms of wine acid or dibenzoyl tartaric acid, di-o-tolyltartaric acid, apple acid, mandelic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, glutamic acid, Aspara gic acid or quinic acid. Comes as an optically active alcohol for example (+) - or (-) - menthol and as optically more active Acyl radical in amides, for example (+) - or (-) - mentyloxycar bonyl into consideration.

Furthermore, the compounds of formula I obtained in their salts, especially for pharmaceutical use in their physiologically compatible salts with inorganic or organic acids. Coming as acids for this, for example hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, Schwe rock acid, phosphoric acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, milk acid, citric acid, tartaric acid or maleic acid.

The starting compounds of the general formulas II to IV are known from the literature or can be compared to litera produce known methods.

The compounds of general formula I have interests sante biological properties. They represent inhibitors of the Cholesterol biosynthesis, especially inhibitors of the enzyme 2,3-Epoxisqualen-Lanosterol cyclase. Because of their biological properties they are particularly suitable for  Treatment and prophylaxis of hypercholesterolemia, the hyper lipoproteinemia and hypertriglyceridemia and the resulting resulting atherosclerotic vascular changes their complications such as coronary artery disease, cerebral Ischemia, intermittent claudication, gangrene and others.

For the treatment of these diseases, the compounds of the general formula I can either be used alone for monotherapy or in combination with other cholesterol- or lipid-lowering substances, the compounds preferably being used as an oral formulation, optionally also in the form of suppositories as a rectal formulation tion can be administered. Possible combination partners include:

• - Bile acid binding resins such as. B. Cholestyramine, Cholesti pole and others,
• - Compounds that inhibit cholesterol absorption, such as e.g. B. sitosterol and neomycin,
• - compounds that interfere with cholesterol biosynthesis, such as B. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors such as Lovastatin, Simva statin, pravastatin, fluvastatin, atorvastatin, cerivastatin and other,
• - Squalene epoxidase inhibitors such as NB 598 and analog connections as well
• - Squalene synthetase inhibitors such as representatives the class of isoprenoid (phosphinylmethyl) phosphonates and Squalestatin.

Other possible combination partners should also be mentioned the class of fibrates, such as clofibrate, bezafibrate, gemfibrozil and others, nicotinic acid, its derivatives and analogues as in for example Acipimox and Probucol.  

Furthermore, the compounds of general formula I are ge is suitable for the treatment of diseases with excessive Cell proliferation are related. Cholesterol is one essential cell component and must for the cell prolifera tion, d. H. Cell division, available in sufficient quantities be. The inhibition of cell proliferation by inhibition Cholesterol biosynthesis is based on the example of smooth muscle cells with the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor of the mevinoline type Lovastatin, as mentioned at the beginning.

As examples of diseases with excessive cell pro Tumor diseases are initially related to liferation call. Cell culture and in vivo experiments have shown that the lowering of serum cholesterol or the intervention in the Cholesterol biosynthesis by HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors Tumor growth decreased (Lancet 339, 1154-1156 [1992]). The Compounds of formula I according to the invention are therefore based on due to their cholesterol biosynthetic inhibitory effect po tentatively suitable for the treatment of tumor diseases. You can do it alone or to support well-known The Therapy principles are used.

Hyperproliferative skin diseases are another example such as psoriasis, basal cell carcinoma, squamous epi thel carcinomas, keratosis and keratinization disorders nen. The term "psoriasis" used here denotes one hyperproliferative inflammatory skin disease that affects the regu Mechanism of the skin changes. In particular, be Lesions formed, the primary and secondary changes in the Proliferation in the epidermis, inflammatory reactions of the Skin and the expression of regulatory molecules such as Include lymphokines and inflammatory factors. Psoriatic Skin is morphologically characterized by an increased turnover of Epidermal cells, thickened epidermis, abnormal keratin inflammatory cell infiltrates into the dermis layer and polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration into the epidermis,  which causes an increase in the basal cell cycle. In addition there are hyperkeratotic and parakeratotic cells present. The expression "keratosis", "basal cell carcinoma", "Squamous Cell Carcinoma" and "Keratinization Disorders" refers to hyperproliferative skin diseases, at which the regulatory mechanism for proliferation and Differentiation of skin cells is interrupted.

The compounds of formula I are effective as antagonists skin hyperproliferation, d. H. as a means that the Hyper inhibit proliferation of human keratinocytes. The verb As a result, treatments are hyperpro as a means of treatment liferative skin diseases such as psoriasis, basal cell carcinoma nouns, keratinization disorders and keratosis are suitable. For Treatment of these diseases can be the compounds of the Formula I can be applied either orally or topically, where they either alone in the form of monotherapy or in combination nation can be used with known active ingredients.

Surgical measures such as PTCA (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty) or By pass surgeries triggered hyperproliferative vascular disease conditions such as stenoses and vascular occlusions on the prolifera tion of smooth muscle cells. As mentioned at the beginning this cell proliferation is known to be caused by HMG-CoA-Reduk mevinoline-type inhibitors such as lovastatin to press. Because of their inhibitory effect on the chole Sterol biosynthesis are also the compounds of the general Formula I suitable for the treatment and prophylaxis of this crane kungen, either alone or in combination with known active ingredients, such as. B. intravenously administered He parin, preferably used in oral application can.

Another possible application of the connector according to the invention of general formula I is prophylaxis and treatment lung gall disease. The gallstone formation is there  triggered by the cholesterol concentration in the bile the maximum solubility of cholesterol in the bile liquid, causing it to precipitate the chole sterols comes in the form of gallstones. Lipid lowering agents from the Class of fibrates lead to an increased excretion of Neutral steroids over the bile and increase the tendency to Gallstone formation.

In contrast, cholesterol inhibitors like biosynthesis Lovastatin or pravastatin to no raised bile stone formation, but on the contrary can reduce the Cause cholesterol concentration in the bile and thus the so-called lithogenic index, a measure of the probability reduce the likelihood of gallstone formation. This is be wrote in Gut 31, 348-350 [1990] and in Z. Gastroenterol. 29, 242-245 [1991].

In addition, in Gastroenterology 102, No. 4, Pt. 2, A 319 [1992] the efficacy of lovastatin in dissolving of gallstones, especially in combination with ursodeoxy cholic acid. Because of their mode of action, they are Compounds of the general formula I therefore also for the Prophylaxis and treatment of gallstone disorders important. You can either do it alone or in combination with known therapies such as treatment with Ursodeoxycholic acid or shock wave lithotripsy preferred find wise use in oral application.

Finally, the compounds of general formula I are ge is suitable for the therapy of infections caused by pathogenic fungi such as e.g. B. Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Trichophyton menta grophytes, Penicillium sp., Cladosporium sp. and other. How the end product is sterol biosyn thesis in the fungal organism not cholesterol, but for that Integrity and function of the fungal cell membranes essential Er gosterol. The inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis leads to  half to growth disorders and possibly to kill the Fungal organisms.

For the treatment of mycoses, the compounds of the general my formula I can be applied either orally or topically. You can either be alone or in combination with be Known antifungal agents are used, esp especially with those in other stages of sterol biosyn intervene such as the squalene epoxidase inhibit terbinafine and naftifine or the lanosterol-14α-De azole-type methylase inhibitors such as keto conazol and fluconazole.

Another possible use of the connections of the general formula I relates to use in poultry posture. The lowering of cholesterol in eggs by administration of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor lovastatin on laying hens is described (FASEB Journal 4, A 533, Abstracts 1543 [1990]). The production of low-cholesterol eggs is of interest since the body's cholesterol levels through eggs with reduced cholesterol without one Change in eating habits can be lessened. Because of their inhibitory effects on cholesterol The compounds of general formula I can be biosynthesized also in poultry farming to produce low-cholesterol eggs Find use, the substances preferably as Zu can be administered as a feed.

The biological effect of compounds of the general For mel I was determined using the following methods:

I. Measurement of the inhibition of ¹⁴ C acetate incorporation in the steroids precipitated with digtonin

The investigation of the inhibitory effect was carried out according to the in J. Lipid. Res. 37, 148-157 [1996] method described at test concentrations of 10 ^-8 and 10 ^-9 mol / l performed.

The test results of the following compound (A) of the general formula I and the comparative substances (U), (V) and (W) are given as examples at these test concentrations:

• (A) N - [(Benzylthio) thiocarbonyl] -4- [5- (dimethylaminome thyl) thiazol-2-yl-thio] piperidine,
• (U) 1- (4-chlorobenzoyl) -4- [4- (2-oxazolin-2-yl) benzylidene] -pi peridin (EP-A-0 596 326, p. 16, there compound A; J. Lipid. Res. 38, 564-575 [1997]),
• (V) trans-N- (4-chlorobenzoyl) -N-methyl- [4- (4-dimethylamino) -me thyl) phenyl] cyclohexylamine (DE-A-44 38 020; J. Lipid. Res. 37, 148-157 [1996]) and
• (W) trans-O- (p-tolylacetyl) -4- (4-dimethylaminomethylphenyl) -cy clohexanol (WO 95/29148, p. 28, there compound I).

The percentages by which the above compounds inhibit ¹⁴ C-Ace tat incorporation are given in Table 1.

Table 1

From Table 1 it can be seen that the compounds according to the invention have a superior inhibitory effect on the ¹⁴ C-acetate incorporation compared to the comparison substances described above.

The compounds can be used for pharmaceutical purposes of the general formula I in a manner known per se in the usual pharmaceutical preparation forms for oral, Incorporate rectal and topical administration.

Formulations for oral administration include, for example wise tablets, coated tablets and capsules. For rectal administration suppositories are preferred. The Daily dose is between 0.1 and 200 mg for a human with 60 kg body weight, but a daily dose is preferred from 1 to 100 mg for a person with a body weight of 60 kg. The daily dose is preferably in 1 to 3 single doses divided.

When applied topically, the compounds can be prepared gene that approximately 1 to 1000 mg, in particular 10 to 300 mg of active ingredient contain substance per day. The daily dose is preferably divided into 1 to 3 single doses.  

Topical formulations include gels, creams, lotions, sal ben, powder, aerosols and other conventional formulations for the application of remedies to the skin. The amount of active ingredient for topical application is 1 to 50 mg per gram of For formulation, but preferably 5 to 20 mg per gram of formulation tion. In addition to application to the skin, the topical ones Formulations of the present invention are also applied that in the treatment of mucous membranes, that of the topical Treatment are accessible. For example, the topi formulations on the mucous membranes of the mouth, the lower colons and others are applied.

For use in poultry farming to produce cholesterol poor eggs are the active ingredients of the general formula I Animals according to the usual methods as a suitable additive Feed. The concentration of the active ingredients in the Ready feed is usually 0.01 to 1%, preferably however 0.05 to 0.5%.

The active ingredients can be added to the feed as such. For example, the feed for laying hens according to the invention contains in addition to the active ingredient and, if appropriate, in addition to a customary one Vitamin-mineral mixture, for example corn, soybean flour, Meat meal, feed fat and soybean oil. This feed becomes a of the compounds of formula I mentioned at the outset as an active ingredient in a concentration of 0.01 to 1%, but preferably 0.05 to 0.5% added.  

The following example serves to explain the invention in more detail. The stated R _f value was determined on finished plates [aluminum oxide F 254 (type E)] from E. Merck, Darmstadt.

Example of the production of the end products example 1 N - [(Benzylthio) thiocarbonyl] -4- [5- (dimethylaminome thyl) thiazol-2-yl-thio] piperidine hydrochloride

150 mg of carbon disulfide are added to 257 mg of 4- [5- (dimethylaminomethyl) thiazol-2-yl-thio] piperidine in 2 ml of dimethylformamide. After adding 1 ml of triethylamine, a yellow solution is obtained, to which 171 mg of benzyl bromide in 1 ml of dimethylformamide are added after one hour at room temperature. After 4 hours at 60 ° C., the mixture is stirred into 50 ml of water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase is dried with magnesium sulfate and evaporated. The oil obtained is purified by column chromatography (aluminum oxide, petroleum ether / ethyl acetate = 3: 1, v: v). 250 mg of an oil are obtained, which is converted into the title compound with ethereal hydrochloric acid (colorless powder).
R _f value of free base: 0.55 (aluminum oxide, petroleum ether / ethyl acetate = 3: 1, v: v).
¹ H NMR Spectrum (200 MHz, DMSO-d ₆ ); Signals at ppm: 1.6-1.8 (m, 2H); 2.1-2.3 (m, 2H); 2.5 (s, 6H); 3.5-3.8 (t, 2H); 3.9-4.1 (m, 1H); 4.85 (s, 3H); 4.5 (s, 2H); 4.9-5.1 (m, 1H); 7.2-7.4 (m, 5H); 7.85 (s, 1H).

Claims (11)

1. Urethanes and their thio and dithio analogs of the general formula
in the
m the numbers 0 or 1,
n the numbers 1 or 2,
A is a single bond, a straight-chain or branched C _1-8 alkylene group, a C _2-8 alkenylene or C _2-8 alkynyl group, an unsaturated group not being bonded directly to the radical Y,
X is an oxygen or sulfur atom,
Y is an oxygen or sulfur atom,
R ^{1 is} a straight-chain or branched C _1-8 alkyl group, a C _1-6 alkenyl group or a C _1-6 alkynyl group, the multiple bond being isolated from the nitrogen-carbon bond,
R ^{2 represents} a hydrogen atom, a straight-chain or branched C _1-8 alkyl group which can be substituted by a hydroxy or alkoxy group, a C _1-6 alkenyl group or a C _1-6 alkynyl group, where a hydroxy and alkoxy Substituent is not bound in the 1-position and a multiple bond is isolated from the nitrogen-carbon bond, or
R ¹ and R ² together with the nitrogen atom form a 5- to 7-membered, saturated heterocyclic ring in which a methylene group isolated from the nitrogen atom by an oxygen or sulfur atom, by an -NH- or -N (alkyl) group can be replaced
R ³ to R ⁵ , which may be the same or different, hydrogen atoms or alkyl groups,
R ^{6 is} a C _3-7 cycloalkyl group, a phenyl or naphthyl group optionally substituted by one or two halogen atoms, an alkyl, alkoxy, trifluoromethyl or cyano group or, if A is not a single bond, also a hydrogen atom,
D is a naphthyl radical,
a 5-membered heteroaryl radical bonded via two carbon atoms, which contains a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom or a nitrogen atom and another of the heteroatoms N, O and S or two nitrogen atoms and another of the heteroatoms N, O and S, or
a 6-membered heteroaryl radical containing one, two or three nitrogen atoms,
where the aryl and heteroaryl radicals mentioned above may be mono-, di- or tri-substituted in the carbon skeleton by fluorine, chlorine or bromine atoms, by alkyl, alkoxy, cyano or trifluoromethyl groups, the substituents being the same or different and a hydrogen atom bonded to a nitrogen atom of the heteroaryl radicals can be replaced by an alkyl group, the hetero aryl radicals however being able to be substituted a maximum of three times in total,
E is an oxygen or sulfur atom or a methylene group and
R ^{7 is} a hydrogen atom or
E is the group -C (R ⁸ R ⁹ ) -, wherein
R ^{8 is} a hydrogen atom and
R ⁹ together with the adjacent group R ^{7 represents} a carbon-carbon bond,
mean, unless stated otherwise, alkyl groups contained in the abovementioned radicals can each contain 1 to 3 carbon atoms and a halogen atom mentioned above can mean a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom,
their enantiomers, diastereomers, their mixtures and their salts. 2. Compounds of general formula I according to claim 1, in which
m the number 1,
n is the number 1,
A is a single bond, a straight-chain or branched C _1-6 alkylene group,
X is an oxygen or sulfur atom,
Y is an oxygen or sulfur atom,
R ^{1 is} a straight-chain or branched C _1-6 alkyl group,
R ^{2 is} a hydrogen atom, a straight-chain or branched C _1-6 alkyl group which may be substituted by a hydroxy group, a C _1-4 alkenyl group or a C _1-4 alkynyl group, the hydroxy group not being bonded in the 1-position and the multiple bond is isolated from the nitrogen-carbon bond, or
R ¹ and R ² together with the nitrogen atom represent a pyrrolidine, piperidine or morpholine ring,
R ³ to R ⁵ , which can be the same or different, hydrogen atoms or methyl groups,
R ^{6 is} a C _3-6 cycloalkyl group, a phenyl or naphthyl group which is optionally substituted by one or two halogen atoms, an alkyl, alkoxy, trifluoromethyl or cyano group or, if A is not a single bond, also a hydrogen atom,
D is a naphthyl radical,
a furan, thiophene, pyrrole, pyrazole, isoxazole, oxazole, imidazole, thiazole, isothiazole, 1,2,4-oxadiazole, 1,3,4-oxadiazole bonded via two carbon atoms -, 1,3,4-thiadiazole, 1,2,4-triazole or 1,3,4-triazole residue or
a pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine residue,
wherein the above-mentioned aryl and heteroaryl radicals in the carbon skeleton can be mono-, di- or tri-substituted by fluorine, chlorine or bromine atoms, by alkyl, alkoxy or trifluoromethyl groups, where the substituents can be the same or different, and a hydrogen atom bonded to a nitrogen atom of the heteroaryl radicals can be replaced by an alkyl group, but the heteroaryl radicals in total can be substituted a maximum of three times,
E is an oxygen or sulfur atom or a methylene group and
R ^{7 represents} a hydrogen atom,
where, unless stated otherwise, alkyl groups contained in the abovementioned radicals can each contain 1 to 3 carbon atoms and one of the abovementioned halogen atoms can mean a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom,
their enantiomers, diastereomers, their mixtures and their salts. 3. Compounds of general formula I according to claim 1, in which
m the number 1,
n is the number 1,
A a single bond,
X is a sulfur atom,
Y is a sulfur atom,
R ¹ and R ² are each independently a methyl or ethyl group,
R ³ to R ^{5 are} hydrogen atoms,
R ^{6 is} a phenyl group which is optionally substituted by a chlorine, bromine or fluorine atom or by a methyl group,
D is an oxazole, isoxazole, thiazole or isothiazole residue,
E is a sulfur atom and
R ^{7 represents} a hydrogen atom,
their mixtures and their salts. 4. The following compound of general formula I according to claim 1:
N - [(Benzylthio) thiocarbonyl] -4- [5- (dimethylaminomethyl) thiazol-2-ylthio] piperidine
and their salts. 5. Physiologically acceptable salts of the compounds after min least one of claims 1 to 4 with inorganic or ganic acids. 6. Medicaments containing a compound according to at least one of claims 1 to 4 or a physiologically tolerated Lich salt according to claim 5 in addition to optionally one or several inert carriers and / or diluents. 7. Use of a connection according to at least one of the An Proverbs 1 to 5 for the manufacture of a drug for Inhi bition of cholesterol biosynthesis, for treatment or prophy laxe of hyperlipidemia, used to treat diseases that associated with excessive cell proliferation Prophylaxis and treatment of gallstone disorders or for act of mycoses. 8. Feed for laying hens, containing a compound according to at least one of claims 1 to 4 or a physio logically compatible salt according to claim 5.   9. Use of a connection according to at least one of the An Proverbs 1 to 5 for the production of a feed for laying hens to produce low-cholesterol eggs. 10. Process for the manufacture of a medicament according to An Proverb 6, characterized in that by non-chemical means a connection according to at least one of claims 1 to 5 in one or more inert carriers and / or diluents medium is incorporated. 11. A process for the preparation of the compounds according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that

• a) a compound of the general formula
  in the
  m, n, D, E, R ¹ to R ⁵ and R ^{7 are} as defined in claims 1 to 4, with a compound of the general formula
  in the
  A, X, Y and R ^{6 are} as defined in claims 1 to 4 and Z represents a leaving group,
  is implemented and any protective groups used are subsequently split off or
• b) for the preparation of compounds of the general formula (I) in which X and Y each represent a sulfur atom and m, n, D, E, A and R to R ⁷ with the proviso as defined in claims 1 to 4, that R ⁶ does not represent an optionally substituted phenyl or naphthyl group, if A denotes a single bond, a compound of the general formula (II) in which m, n, D, E and R ¹ to R ⁵ and R ⁷ as in the Claims 1 to 4 are defined, with carbon disulfide and then with an alkylating agent of the general formula
  in the
  A and R ^{6 are defined} with the proviso as in claims 1 to 4 that R ⁶ does not represent an optionally substituted phenyl or naphthyl group if A denotes a single bond and Z ¹ denotes a leaving group,
  is implemented and any protective groups used are subsequently split off and
  if desired, a mixture of the geometric isomers of a compound of the general formula I thus obtained is separated into its enantiomers and diastereomers, or
  a compound of the general formula I thus obtained is converted into its salt with an inorganic or organic acid, in particular into its physiologically compatible salts.