DE19721080C1 - Corrosion protective coating especially of nuclear plant component - Google Patents
Corrosion protective coating especially of nuclear plant componentInfo
- Publication number
- DE19721080C1 DE19721080C1 DE19721080A DE19721080A DE19721080C1 DE 19721080 C1 DE19721080 C1 DE 19721080C1 DE 19721080 A DE19721080 A DE 19721080A DE 19721080 A DE19721080 A DE 19721080A DE 19721080 C1 DE19721080 C1 DE 19721080C1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- component
- oxide
- oxide layer
- corrosion
- titanium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C13/00—Pressure vessels; Containment vessels; Containment in general
- G21C13/08—Vessels characterised by the material; Selection of materials for pressure vessels
- G21C13/087—Metallic vessels
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C3/00—Reactor fuel elements and their assemblies; Selection of substances for use as reactor fuel elements
- G21C3/02—Fuel elements
- G21C3/04—Constructional details
- G21C3/06—Casings; Jackets
- G21C3/07—Casings; Jackets characterised by their material, e.g. alloys
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Verfahren zum Überdecken eines Bauteiles mit einer korrosi onshemmenden Fremdoxidschicht und mit einer solchen Fremd oxidschicht überdecktes BauteilProcess for covering a component with a corrosi on inhibiting foreign oxide layer and with such a foreign Component covered with oxide layer
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Überdecken eines Bauteiles, das insbesondere Teil einer kerntechnischen An lage, insbesondere eines Siedewasserreaktors, ist, mit einer korrosionshemmenden Fremdoxidschicht aus einem Oxid eines Me talls der vierten Nebengruppe, insbesondere aus Zirkoniumoxid und/oder Titanoxid.The invention relates to a method for covering a Component, in particular part of a nuclear engineering Location, in particular a boiling water reactor, with a corrosion-inhibiting foreign oxide layer made of an oxide of a me talls of the fourth subgroup, in particular of zirconium oxide and / or titanium oxide.
Die Erfindung betrifft darüber hinaus auch ein Bauteil, das insbesondere Teil einer kerntechnischen Anlage, insbesondere eines Siede wasserreaktors, ist, das aus einem Material besteht, das mit einer korrosionshemmenden Fremdoxidschicht aus einem Oxid ei nes Metalls der vierten Nebengruppe, insbesondere aus Zirko niumoxid und/oder Titanoxid, überdeckt ist.The invention also relates to a component that in particular Part of a nuclear facility, especially a boiling plant water reactor, which is made of a material that with a corrosion-inhibiting foreign oxide layer made of an oxide egg metal of the fourth subgroup, in particular of zirco nium oxide and / or titanium oxide is covered.
Durch eine solche korrosionshemmende Fremdoxidschicht wird besonders die Spannungsrißkorrosion bei Metallkomponenten, die sich in Wasser hoher Temperatur befinden, deutlich ver mindert. Das ist darauf zurückzuführen, daß die Anwesenheit eines solchen elektrisch isolierenden Überzugs auf der Ober fläche der Metallkomponenten die Sauerstoffdiffusion zur Me talloberfläche hemmt und dadurch das Korrosionspotential in der negativen Richtung verschiebt. Dazu muß weder Wasserstoff zugegeben werden noch muß ein Katalysator vorhanden sein.Such a corrosion-inhibiting foreign oxide layer especially stress corrosion cracking in metal components, which are in high temperature water, clearly ver diminishes. This is due to the presence of such an electrically insulating coating on the upper area of the metal components the oxygen diffusion to the me inhibits the surface and thereby the corrosion potential in shifts in the negative direction. This does not require hydrogen a catalyst must still be added.
Aus der DE 33 05 730 A1 ist ein Verfahren zum Oberflächenbe handeln von Fertigteilen bekannt, die insbesondere Teile ei nes Kernreaktorbrennelementes sind. Dabei wird durch Zugabe eines Oxidationsmittels aus dem Material des Fertigteils eine weitestgehend wasserstoffundurchlässige Oberflächenschicht aus Oxid ausgebildet. Diese Schicht verhindert einen weiter gehenden Korrosionsangriff. Die gebildete Oxidschicht ist keine Fremdoxidschicht.DE 33 05 730 A1 describes a method for surface treatment act of finished parts known, in particular parts egg Are nuclear reactor fuel element. This is done by adding an oxidizing agent from the material of the finished part largely hydrogen-impermeable surface layer formed from oxide. This layer prevents one further going corrosion attack. The oxide layer formed is no foreign oxide layer.
Ein Verfahren, mit dem eine korrosionshemmende Fremdoxid schicht hergestellt wird, ist aus dem Paper No. 105 zu Corro sion 96, Kim und Andresen, "Application of insulated pro tective coatings for reduction of corrosion potential in high temperature water", bekannt. Dort wird davon ausgegangen, daß in der Regel die korrosionshemmende Fremdoxidschicht auf die Metalloberfläche des Bauteils aufgebracht wird. Auf Seite 105/5 wird ausgeführt, daß eine Zirkoniumoxidschicht auch auf einer bereits oxidierten Oberfläche des Bauteils aufgebracht werden kann.A process that uses a corrosion-inhibiting foreign oxide layer is made from paper no. 105 to Corro sion 96, Kim and Andresen, "Application of insulated pro tective coatings for reduction of corrosion potential in high temperature water ", is known there. It is assumed that usually the corrosion-inhibiting foreign oxide layer on the Metal surface of the component is applied. On page 105/5 states that a zirconium oxide layer is also on applied to an already oxidized surface of the component can be.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Überdecken eines Bauteiles und ein Bauteil anzugeben, wobei die korrosionshemmende Fremdoxidschicht einfach und zuverläs sig zu bilden bzw. gebildet ist.The invention has for its object a method for Covering a component and specifying a component, where the corrosion-inhibiting foreign oxide layer is simple and reliable sig to form or is formed.
Die Aufgabe, ein geeignetes Verfahren anzugeben, wird gemäß der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, daß das Material, aus dem das Bauteil besteht, im Bereich der Oberfläche des Bauteils oxi diert wird, und daß auf die so gebildete Eigenoxidschicht die korrosionshemmende Fremdoxidschicht aufgebracht wird.The task of specifying a suitable procedure is performed according to solved the invention in that the material from which the Component exists, in the area of the surface of the component oxi is dated, and that on the self-oxide layer thus formed corrosion-inhibiting foreign oxide layer is applied.
Dabei kommt es im wesentlichen darauf an, daß das Material des Bauteils im Bereich der Oberfläche gezielt oxidiert wird, bevor die korrosionshemmende Fremdoxidschicht aufgebracht wird. Es werden also stets zwei Verfahrensschritte durchge führt. Es hat sich nämlich überraschenderweise herausge stellt, daß es nicht nur möglich ist, die korrosionshemmende Fremdoxidschicht auf eine oxidierte Oberfläche aufzubringen, sondern daß die korrosionshemmende Fremdoxidschicht auf einer gezielt vollständig oxidierten Oberfläche sogar besser haftet als auf einer nicht oxidierten Metalloberfläche.It is essential that the material the component is specifically oxidized in the area of the surface, before the corrosion-inhibiting foreign oxide layer is applied becomes. So there are always two process steps leads. Surprisingly, it turned out represents that it is not only possible to use the anti-corrosive To apply a foreign oxide layer to an oxidized surface, but that the corrosion-inhibiting foreign oxide layer on a specifically fully oxidized surface adheres even better than on an unoxidized metal surface.
Mit dem Verfahren nach der Erfindung wird für einen Fachmann überraschend der Vorteil erzielt, daß die korrosionshemmende Fremdoxidschicht lückenlos mit einfachen Mitteln auf das Bau teil aufgebracht werden kann. Darüber hinaus wird der Vorteil erzielt, daß die korrosionshemmende Fremdoxidschicht überall die gleichen Eigenschaft hat, da die Oberfläche, auf die sie aufgebracht wird, überall in gleicher Weise mit einem Oxid des Bauteilmaterials bedeckt ist.With the method according to the invention for a person skilled in the art surprisingly achieved the advantage that the corrosion-inhibiting Foreign oxide layer without gaps on the building with simple means part can be applied. It also has the advantage achieved that the corrosion-inhibiting foreign oxide layer everywhere has the same property since the surface on which it is applied everywhere in the same way with an oxide of the component material is covered.
Beispielsweise wird das Bauteil in einem Autoklaven oxidiert und beschichtet. Damit wird der Vorteil erzielt, daß die Oxi dation und auch die Beschichtung in einer definierten Umge bung erfolgen. Man erhält vorteilhafterweise eine gleichmäßig dicke Schicht aus dem Oxid des Behältermaterials und/oder aus dem korrosionshemmenden fremden Oxid.For example, the component is oxidized in an autoclave and coated. This has the advantage that the oxi dation and also the coating in a defined reverse exercise. One advantageously obtains a uniform one thick layer of the oxide of the container material and / or the corrosion-inhibiting foreign oxide.
Das Bauteil kann auch im eingebauten Zustand oxidiert und be schichtet werden.The component can also be oxidized and installed be layered.
Beispielsweise wird das Bauteil nach der Oxidation seines Ma terials im Oberflächenbereich mit einer wässrigen Lösung ei ner organischen Komplexverbindung des Zirkoniums und/oder des Titans in Kontakt gebracht, die 10-5 bis 10-3 mol/l Zirkonium und/oder Titan enthält, zur Bildung einer Schicht aus Zirko niumoxid und/oder Titanoxid als korrosionshemmende Fremdoxid schicht, die bis zu 1 µm dick ist.For example, after the oxidation of its material in the surface area, the component is brought into contact with an aqueous solution of an organic complex compound of zirconium and / or titanium which contains 10 -5 to 10 -3 mol / l zirconium and / or titanium Formation of a layer of zirconium oxide and / or titanium oxide as a corrosion-inhibiting foreign oxide layer which is up to 1 µm thick.
Dabei wird durch hydrothermale Zersetzung des Komplexes bei einer Temperatur, die gröber als 200°C ist, mit möglichst wenig Zirkonium oder Titan eine ausreichende Fremdoxidschicht gebildet.The complex is hydrothermally decomposed a temperature that is coarser than 200 ° C, if possible little zirconium or titanium a sufficient foreign oxide layer educated.
Eine besonders geeignete organische Komplexverbindung ist ei ne Komplexverbindung des Zirkoniums und/oder des Titans mit EDTA oder mit EDTA und Acetylaceton.A particularly suitable organic complex compound is egg ne complex compound of zirconium and / or titanium with EDTA or with EDTA and acetylacetone.
An die Stelle von Zirkonium oder Titan können auch ein ande res Metall der vierten Nebengruppe oder eine Mischung aus Me tallen dieser Nebengruppe treten. Instead of zirconium or titanium, another one can also be used res metal of the fourth subgroup or a mixture of Me tallen this subgroup.
Das Bauteil besteht beispielsweise aus austenitischem Stahl. Dort ist das Verfahren besonders gut einsetzbar.The component is made of austenitic steel, for example. The method can be used particularly well there.
Die Aufgabe, ein Bauteil anzugeben, das mit einer korrosions hemmenden Fremdoxidschicht überdeckt ist, wird gemäß der Er findung dadurch gelöst, daß die korrsionshemmende Fremdoxid schicht auf einer durch gezielte Oxidation des Materials im Bereich der Oberfläche des Bauteils gebildeten Eigenoxid schicht angeordnet ist.The task of specifying a component that has a corrosion inhibiting foreign oxide layer is covered, according to the Er solved in that the corrosion-inhibiting foreign oxide layer on a through targeted oxidation of the material in the Area of the surface of the component formed intrinsic oxide layer is arranged.
Ein solches Bauteil weist eine gleichmäßig dicke und beson ders gut haftende korrosionshemmende Fremdoxidschicht auf, die es vor Spannungsrißkorrosion schützt.Such a component has a uniform thickness and particular the good adhering corrosion-inhibiting foreign oxide layer, which protects it from stress corrosion cracking.
Die korrosionshemmende Fremdoxidschicht besteht beispiels weise aus Zirkoniumoxid und/oder Titanoxid und ist bis zu 1 µm dick. Eine solche Schicht gewährleistet einen guten Schutz.The corrosion-inhibiting foreign oxide layer is, for example made of zirconium oxide and / or titanium oxide and is up to 1 µm thick. Such a layer ensures good protection.
Das Bauteil besteht beispielsweise aus austenitischem Stahl, der häufig in Siedewasserreaktoren verwendet wird. Auf austenitischem Stahl haften die Oxidschichten zuverlässig. Eine gute Haftung ist aber auch auf anderen Stählen gewähr leistet.The component is made of austenitic steel, for example, which is often used in boiling water reactors. On austenitic steel reliably adheres to the oxide layers. However, good adhesion is also guaranteed on other steels accomplishes.
Mit dem Verfahren und mit dem Bauteil nach der Erfindung wird insbesondere der Vorteil erzielt, daß ein Schutz vor Span nungsrißkorrosion zuverlässig gewährleistet ist.With the method and with the component according to the invention in particular the advantage achieved that protection against chip corrosion cracking is reliably guaranteed.
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19721080A DE19721080C1 (en) | 1997-05-20 | 1997-05-20 | Corrosion protective coating especially of nuclear plant component |
PCT/DE1998/001340 WO1998053114A1 (en) | 1997-05-20 | 1998-05-14 | Method for covering a component with a corrosion inhibiting foreign oxide coating and component covered with one such coating |
JP54979598A JP3412696B2 (en) | 1997-05-20 | 1998-05-14 | Method for coating a structural member with a corrosion inhibiting heterogeneous oxide layer and a structural member covered with such a layer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19721080A DE19721080C1 (en) | 1997-05-20 | 1997-05-20 | Corrosion protective coating especially of nuclear plant component |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE19721080C1 true DE19721080C1 (en) | 1998-10-01 |
Family
ID=7829986
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19721080A Expired - Fee Related DE19721080C1 (en) | 1997-05-20 | 1997-05-20 | Corrosion protective coating especially of nuclear plant component |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP3412696B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE19721080C1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998053114A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001071729A1 (en) * | 2000-03-21 | 2001-09-27 | Framatome Anp Gmbh | Method for reducing the corrosion of a component in a nuclear facility and a component of a nuclear facility |
EP1339071A1 (en) * | 2002-02-06 | 2003-08-27 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Method for reducing corrosion of metal material |
DE10030726B4 (en) * | 1999-06-23 | 2006-01-12 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba, Kawasaki | Method for reducing the corrosion of a reactor component |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2010008577A2 (en) * | 2008-07-17 | 2010-01-21 | C3 International, Llc | Methods for protecting exterior surfaces from corrosion, biofouling, and particulate erosion |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2825371A1 (en) * | 1977-06-09 | 1978-12-14 | Doryokuro Kakunenryo | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING FUEL PELLETS FOR NUCLEAR REACTORS |
GB2009621A (en) * | 1977-11-22 | 1979-06-20 | Skoda Np | Protective Coating for Heat Stressed Parts |
GB2009622A (en) * | 1977-11-22 | 1979-06-20 | Skoda Np | Protective Coating for Heat Stressed Parts |
DE3038366A1 (en) * | 1979-10-11 | 1981-05-07 | Hitachi, Ltd., Tokyo | Internally coated zirconium nuclear fuel element can - with first rough surfaced zirconium oxide layer and second copper layer |
DE3305730A1 (en) * | 1983-02-18 | 1984-08-23 | Kraftwerk Union AG, 4330 Mülheim | METHOD FOR SURFACE TREATING FINISHED PARTS, ESPECIALLY TUBES AND SPACERS, FROM ZIRCONIUM ALLOYS FOR NUCLEAR REACTOR FUEL ELEMENTS |
US5265137A (en) * | 1990-11-26 | 1993-11-23 | Siemens Power Corporation | Wear resistant nuclear fuel assembly components |
EP0614195A1 (en) * | 1993-03-02 | 1994-09-07 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Fret resistant fuel rod with zirconium oxide layer |
Family Cites Families (8)
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GB1483144A (en) * | 1975-04-07 | 1977-08-17 | British Petroleum Co | Protective films |
JPS55100974A (en) * | 1979-01-23 | 1980-08-01 | Citizen Watch Co Ltd | Parts for formation of film |
DD271032A3 (en) * | 1987-06-23 | 1989-08-23 | Univ Dresden Tech | METHOD FOR PRODUCING CORROSION-RESISTANT OXIDE-LAYERS |
JPH06228729A (en) * | 1993-02-03 | 1994-08-16 | Nippon Nuclear Fuel Dev Co Ltd | Highly corrosion-resistant ceramic-coated alloy and its production |
US5608766A (en) * | 1993-10-29 | 1997-03-04 | General Electric Company | Co-deposition of palladium during oxide film growth in high-temperature water to mitigate stress corrosion cracking |
US5774516A (en) * | 1993-10-29 | 1998-06-30 | General Electric Company | Modification of oxide film electrical conductivity to maintain low corrosion potential in high-temperature water |
JPH07248390A (en) * | 1994-03-11 | 1995-09-26 | Nippon Nuclear Fuel Dev Co Ltd | Nuclear fuel assembly |
EP0715762A1 (en) * | 1994-06-24 | 1996-06-12 | General Electric Company | Modification of oxide film electrical conductivity to maintain low corrosion potential in high-temperature water |
-
1997
- 1997-05-20 DE DE19721080A patent/DE19721080C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-05-14 JP JP54979598A patent/JP3412696B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-05-14 WO PCT/DE1998/001340 patent/WO1998053114A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2825371A1 (en) * | 1977-06-09 | 1978-12-14 | Doryokuro Kakunenryo | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING FUEL PELLETS FOR NUCLEAR REACTORS |
GB2009621A (en) * | 1977-11-22 | 1979-06-20 | Skoda Np | Protective Coating for Heat Stressed Parts |
GB2009622A (en) * | 1977-11-22 | 1979-06-20 | Skoda Np | Protective Coating for Heat Stressed Parts |
DE3038366A1 (en) * | 1979-10-11 | 1981-05-07 | Hitachi, Ltd., Tokyo | Internally coated zirconium nuclear fuel element can - with first rough surfaced zirconium oxide layer and second copper layer |
DE3305730A1 (en) * | 1983-02-18 | 1984-08-23 | Kraftwerk Union AG, 4330 Mülheim | METHOD FOR SURFACE TREATING FINISHED PARTS, ESPECIALLY TUBES AND SPACERS, FROM ZIRCONIUM ALLOYS FOR NUCLEAR REACTOR FUEL ELEMENTS |
US5265137A (en) * | 1990-11-26 | 1993-11-23 | Siemens Power Corporation | Wear resistant nuclear fuel assembly components |
EP0614195A1 (en) * | 1993-03-02 | 1994-09-07 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Fret resistant fuel rod with zirconium oxide layer |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
KIM, Young-Jin, und ANDRESEN, Peter L.: Application of Insulated Protective Coatings for Reduction of Corrosion Potential in High Temperature Water, In: Corrosion 96, The NACE International Annual Conference and Exposition, Paper No. 105, ed. NACE International, ConferencesDivision, Houston, Texas, USA * |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10030726B4 (en) * | 1999-06-23 | 2006-01-12 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba, Kawasaki | Method for reducing the corrosion of a reactor component |
US7346140B2 (en) | 1999-06-23 | 2008-03-18 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Reactor structural member and method of suppressing corrosion of the same |
WO2001071729A1 (en) * | 2000-03-21 | 2001-09-27 | Framatome Anp Gmbh | Method for reducing the corrosion of a component in a nuclear facility and a component of a nuclear facility |
US6898259B2 (en) | 2000-03-21 | 2005-05-24 | Framatome Anp Gmbh | Process for reducing the corrosion of a component of a nuclear facility, and component of a nuclear facility |
EP1339071A1 (en) * | 2002-02-06 | 2003-08-27 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Method for reducing corrosion of metal material |
US7449101B2 (en) | 2002-02-06 | 2008-11-11 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Method of reducing corrosion of metal material |
EP2001026A1 (en) | 2002-02-06 | 2008-12-10 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Method of reducing corrosion of metal material |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1998053114A1 (en) | 1998-11-26 |
JP2001525891A (en) | 2001-12-11 |
JP3412696B2 (en) | 2003-06-03 |
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Legal Events
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D1 | Grant (no unexamined application published) patent law 81 | ||
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8327 | Change in the person/name/address of the patent owner |
Owner name: FRAMATOME ANP GMBH, 91058 ERLANGEN, DE |
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8327 | Change in the person/name/address of the patent owner |
Owner name: AREVA NP GMBH, 91058 ERLANGEN, DE |
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R082 | Change of representative |
Representative=s name: MOERTEL, ALFRED, DIPL.-PHYS. DR.RER.NAT., DE |
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Owner name: AREVA GMBH, DE Free format text: FORMER OWNER: AREVA NP GMBH, 91052 ERLANGEN, DE Effective date: 20131112 |
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R082 | Change of representative |
Representative=s name: MEISSNER BOLTE & PARTNER GBR, DE Effective date: 20131112 Representative=s name: MOERTEL, ALFRED, DIPL.-PHYS. DR.RER.NAT., DE Effective date: 20131112 |
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R119 | Application deemed withdrawn, or ip right lapsed, due to non-payment of renewal fee | ||
R119 | Application deemed withdrawn, or ip right lapsed, due to non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20141202 |