DE19648875B4 - Fermenter for biomass - Google Patents

Abstract

fermenter for biomass with at least one tank (1) forming a treatment space (1 '), with a mounted on the top of the tank dome (17) for collecting biogas, having at least one inlet (14) for supplying a to be treated biomass in the treatment room (1 '), with at least an outlet (16) for discharging the treated biomass, as well with a longitudinal direction the tank (1) extending shaft (5) which is rotatable about its axis is stored in the treatment room (1 ') and at least one of a heat-transporting Medium flowed through Heating and / or cooling element (10) having an inlet to one in the shaft (5) provided flow (12) and with an outlet to a in the Shaft (5) provided return (13) is connected, characterized in that the shaft (5) is formed by at least two parallel tube profiles (21, 22), which are interconnected, and a pipe profile (21) the Flow (12) and the other pipe profile (22) the return ...

Description

The The invention relates to a device according to the preamble of the patent claim 1.

From the GB 1 520 082 A a device for drying pasty, doughy substances by evaporation of solvent fractions at reduced pressure is known.

The DE 30 08 933 A1 describes a container for storing mash, wine, juices o. Ä. with a mixing and stirring device. In the container, a shaft with rotating mixing and stirring member is arranged.

The DD 268 169 A1 discloses a heating element for reactors. The heating takes place by several, arranged on a vertical shaft rotation elements. The shaft is designed as a hollow shaft leading to the heating medium and surrounded by a jacket tube.

From the DE 1 926 704 A For example, an agitator is known for stirring pulpy masses or powders, the agitator being equipped with heating or cooling elements.

Devices or fermenters for the treatment of biomass are known in various designs. From the DE 295 20 618 U1 a fermenter according to the preamble of claim 1 is known.

task The invention is to show a device that is characterized by a simplified design distinguishes. To solve this problem is a Device according to the characterizing part of the patent claim 1 executed.

A Particularity of the fermenter according to the invention exists u. a. in that at the rotating shaft at least one Heating and / or cooling device is provided, the one or more, from a heat-transporting Medium flowed through channels and in the simplest case of at least one example U-shaped bent piece of pipe is formed. This heating and / or cooling device, for example protrudes radially from the shaft is connected to a flow and return, in the shaft is formed. The wave consists of at least two pipe profiles connected in the longitudinal axis of the shaft are.

A Special feature of the invention is also that the shaft at least two-piece, d. H. consists of at least two wave pieces that over a tubular or sleeve-like Connecting or coupling element mechanically connected to each other are, by screwing. In addition to this mechanical Connection is a connection for the heat-transporting medium. These Connection is performed for example as a pipe connection. By the separation of mechanical connection and connection for the heat-transporting Medium is achieved a particularly simple design of the shaft.

further developments The invention are the subject of the dependent claims. The invention is in following with reference to the figures explained. Show it:

1 in a simplified representation and in longitudinal section, the invention in the form of a fermenter of a biogas plant;

2 in the positions a - c in side view and in different rotational positions in the 1 left end of the two-part shaft of the fermenter;

3 in the positions a - c in side view and in different rotational positions in the 1 right end of the two-part shaft of the fermenter the 1 ;

4 an enlarged view of a section along the line I - I through a portion of the shaft in the region of a bearing;

5 in an enlarged partial view and in section the connection of the two shaft pieces of the shaft of the fermenter 1 ,

The fermenter shown in the figures consists essentially of a closed, designed as an elongated cylinder tank 1 which is arranged with its longitudinal axis L in the horizontal direction and forms a digester.

The walls of the tank 1 are thermally insulated.

All two faces 2 and 3 of the tank 1 or at camps provided there 4 and 4 ' is a coaxially arranged with the longitudinal axis L shaft 5 rotatably mounted about this longitudinal axis. At the front 3 is the wave 5 led out of the tank and is there from a motor 6 having drive 7 driven.

At the wave 5 are inside the tank 1 several radially away from this shaft wegstehende first Stirring elements or scraper and conveying elements 8th provided, the z. B. have a smaller radial distance from the longitudinal axis L. Furthermore, on the shaft 5 inside the tank 1 second scraper and conveyor elements 9 attached, which have a greater radial distance from the longitudinal axis L and located directly on the inner surface of the tank 1 move along.

At the wave 5 are inside the tank 1 provided with the shaft rotating heating elements, which are each formed in the illustrated embodiment of a U-shaped tube piece which radially from the shaft 5 protrudes. Every heating element 10 during the operation of the fermenter by a liquid, heat-transporting medium (eg., Hot water) flows through and with its ends to a flow 12 or to a return 13 connected, each of at least one channel in the shaft 5 is formed and on the over the front page 3 protruding end of the shaft 5 via a rotary joint 11 each with an external flow 12 ' and an external return 13 ' connected.

At the front 3 is one with a slider 14 provided inlet 15 provided over the fermenter or tank, the substances to be processed are supplied. At the front 2 is an outlet 16 provided for the discharge of the treated material. The outlet 16 is executed in the illustrated embodiment as an overflow.

In the area of the front side 3 points the tank 2 at the top a dome 17 in which the biogas produced during the process can collect.

About in the middle of the tank 1 is still a discharge 18 , on the heavy materials, such as sand and other non-degradable or unusable for the methanogenic process unusable or unusable solids can be applied controlled. The discharge 18 is located in the middle of the tank 1 in the area of the bottom of this tank or in the area of a bottom well 19 , The bottom recess 19 forms a grit trap or a trap in which collect unusable heavy materials.

That from the wave 5 and in particular of the stirring and scraper elements 8th and 9 formed conveyor system is designed and operated so that sinking or floating material as completely as possible from the front page 2 Go back towards the middle of the tank 1 is transported. In the case of untreatable heavy materials (eg sand or lime) this means a transport to the discharge 18 towards the protection of the follow-up process. In the case of not yet completely treated material, this causes a retention and thus a longer residence time in the tank 1 , These residues remain longer in the digester than the nitrogen-rich liquid phase of the processed material and are therefore almost completely degraded, while the nitrogen-rich liquid phase through the outlet 16 is applied faster and thus also prevents an excessively high nitrogen content inhibiting effect on the methanogenic process.

As the 1 Further, the second scraper and conveyor elements are each at the outer end of a heating element 10 provided, in the region of the two legs of the U-shaped tube interconnecting outer arcuate pipe section.

The individual heating elements 10 are parallel to the flow 12 and return 13 connected. To achieve a desired heat output for the heating elements 10 to achieve, for example, despite the decreasing in the wavelength direction pressure in the flow 12 a uniform heating power, is for each heating element 10 an adjustable valve or throttle valve 20 provided with which the flow rate of the heat-transporting medium for each heating element 10 can be adjusted individually.

As the figures show, there is the wave 5 from two shaft sections or shaft pieces 5 ' and 5 '' that in the 2 - 4 again shown in detail in detail.

Every wave piece 5 ' respectively. 5 '' is from two pipe profiles 21 and 22 each formed with a rectangular cross-section. In the illustrated embodiment, these have tube profiles 21 and 22 the same cross section. The two pipe profiles 21 and 22 lie flat against each other with one of their larger sides and are over the entire length of the respective length piece 5 ' respectively. 5 '' welded together, so that overall results in an approximately square outer cross section for the shaft piece. The one tube profile 21 forms the lead 12 and the other tube profile 22 the return 13 ,

At the wave piece 5 ' are the two pipe profiles 12 and 13 at the in the 2 left end by a welded lid 23 tightly closed.

At the in the 2 right end of the wave piece 5 ' are the two pipe sections each with a piece of pipe 24 respectively. 25 which is aligned with the axis of the respective profile 21 respectively. 22 lies. The transition between this profile and the associated pipe section 24 respectively. 25 is tight to the outside, so that the pipe section is the continuation of the pipe profile or in this pipe profile formed forerun 12 or retrace 13 forms.

At the in the 2 left end and at some distance from that in the 2 right end is on the shaft piece 5 ' in each case an annular bearing element or a bearing ring 26 provided, of which the bearing ring 26 at the left end in the camp 4 on the front wall 2 and the bearing ring 26 between the two ends of the shaft piece 5 ' from a support bearing, not shown, between the two end walls 2 and 3 of the tank 1 is included.

The wave piece 5 '' is similar to the wave piece 5 ' formed and in turn consists of the two pipe profiles 21 and 22 , Both pipe profiles are but at the same time with the pipe sections 24 and 25 Mistake. Continue to be on the shaft piece 5 '' in the area of in the 3 right end a bearing ring 26 and between the two ends and near the in the 3 left a bearing ring 26 intended. The former bearing ring is in the front wall 3 provided bearings 4 ' stored. The second bearing ring 26 between the two ends of the shaft piece 5 '' is again intended for a support bearing.

The U-shaped heating elements 10 close with their plane in each case an angle with the longitudinal axis L of the shaft 5 and thus also with the longitudinal axis L of the shaft pieces 5 ' and 5 '' one. How the particular 2 and 3 each in the positions a and b are on the shaft pieces 5 ' and 5 '' flange-type fittings 27 for the heating elements 10 provided, in each case on the narrower cross-sectional sides of the rectangular tube profiles 21 and 22 so every connection 27 Immediately and without further implementation with that of the respective tube profile 21 respectively. 22 formed forerun 12 or return 13 communicates. The two, a heating element 10 associated connections 27 are thus opposite to the parallel to the longer cross-sectional sides of the tube profiles 21 and 22 extending and the longitudinal axis L enclosing center plane M offset on both sides, causing the inclination of the plane of the heating elements 10 relative to the longitudinal axis L and the center plane M results.

The 5 shows the connection of the two shaft pieces 5 ' and 5 '' in the middle of the tank 1 , For mechanical connection is on the local ends of the coaxially arranged shaft pieces a coupling or connecting pipe 28 pushed, which one to the outer cross section of the shaft pieces 5 ' and 5 '' having adapted square inner cross-section. The connection or coupling tube 28 is in the illustrated embodiment by screwing 29 at the ends of the shaft pieces 5 ' and 5 '' attached. As the 5 Also shows are the ends of the shaft pieces 5 ' and 5 '' spaced apart. Inside of the connecting pipe 28 enclosed space are the opposing pipe sections 24 and 25 the wave pieces 5 ' and 5 '' via pipe fittings 30 connected with each other. In the area of the connection between the shaft pieces 5 ' and 5 '' Thus, there is a clear separation between the mechanical connection and the connection of the flow 12 and the return 13 before, ie, the mechanical connection is made via the connecting and coupling tube 28 made and the connection for the heat-transporting medium through the pipe sections 24 and 25 and the associated pipe connectors 30 ,

Because the pipe pieces 24 and 25 one compared to the outer cross section of the shaft pieces 5 ' and 5 '' or to the cross section of the pipe profiles 21 and 22 have smaller cross-section and are also designed to be elastic, relative movements between the shaft pieces 5 ' and 5 '' be compensated at the connection.

The The invention has been described above with reference to an exemplary embodiment. It is understood that changes as well as modifications are possible without thereby the idea of the invention underlying the invention will leave.

It has been described above that the wave 5 from two wave pieces 5 ' and 5 '' consists. Of course, designs are conceivable in which the shaft of the fermenter is composed of more than two sections. Furthermore, it is possible to manufacture all sections identical, so that waves of different lengths can be assembled using the same parts.

The particular advantage of the described embodiment is that the shaft pieces 5 ' and 5 '' merely by screwing both mechanically and in relation to the heat transporting medium are interconnected. Furthermore, the connection of the heating elements takes place 10 with the connections 27 exclusively by screw connections. Also the conveyor and scraper elements 8th carrying arms are through to the shaft 5 bolted fasteners 31 held, allowing the assembly of the shaft 5 With all its elements can be done without any welding inside the tank 1 necessary is.

Above, it was assumed that on the shaft heating elements 10 are provided, which are flowed through by the heat, hot medium, such as water. The Elements 10 can also be used for cooling, ie as cooling elements, these elements then from a cooling medium through be flowed, that is, from a heat-transporting medium, which for cooling heat energy from the tank 1 or from the mass in the tank 1 absorbs and dissipates.

1

tank

1'

treatment room

2, 3

bulkhead

4, 4 '

camp

5, 5, 5 ''

wave

6

engine

7

drive

8th

stirrer

9

Promotional and scraper element

10

heating element

11

rotary joint

12 12 '

leader

13 13 '

returns

14

inlet

15

pusher

16

outlet

17

cathedral

18

solids

19

sand trap

20

Valve

21 22

tube profile

23

cover

24 25

pipe section

26

bearing ring

27

Heizelementanschluss

28

connection or coupling tube

29

screw

30

pipe connectors

31

fastener

Claims (6)

Fermenter for biomass with at least one treatment room ( 1' ) forming tank ( 1 ), with a dome attached to the top of the tank ( 17 ) for collecting biogas, with at least one inlet ( 14 ) for supplying a biomass to be treated into the treatment room ( 1' ), with at least one outlet ( 16 ) for discharging the treated biomass and with a longitudinal direction of the tank ( 1 ) extending shaft ( 5 ) which rotate about its axis in the treatment room ( 1' ) is mounted and at least one of a heat transporting medium flowed through heating and / or cooling element ( 10 ) which has an inlet to one in the shaft ( 5 ) ( 12 ) and with an outlet to one in the shaft ( 5 ) ( 13 ), characterized in that the shaft ( 5 ) of at least two parallel tube profiles ( 21 . 22 ), which are connected to each other, and a pipe profile ( 21 ) the flow ( 12 ) and the other tube profile ( 22 ) the return ( 13 ), the shaft ( 5 ) has a non-circular outer cross section and at least two parts with at least two shaft pieces ( 5 ' . 5 '' ), the shaft pieces ( 5 ' . 5 '' ) at a connection point via a coupling or connecting pipe ( 28 ), in which the shaft pieces ( 5 ' . 5 '' ) extend in each case with one end and which has a matched to the outer cross-section of the shaft pieces cross section, wherein between the two interconnected ends of the shaft pieces ( 5 ' . 5 '' ) within the coupling and connecting pipe ( 28 ) enclosed space a pipe connection between the flow ( 12 ) and the return ( 13 ) over the pipe sections ( 24 ) and ( 25 ) is provided. Fermenter according to claim 1, characterized in that that the shaft has a square or rectangular outer cross-section having. Fermenter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the at least one heating and / or cooling element ( 10 ) on one side of the shaft ( 5 ) is provided, which is perpendicular to a plane (M) at which the at least two, the shaft ( 5 ) forming pipe profiles ( 21 . 22 ) connect to each other that for the at least one heating and / or cooling element ( 10 ) at least two ports ( 27 ) are provided, on both sides of said plane (M), and that each connection ( 27 ) directly into one of a tube profile ( 21 . 22 ) flow ( 12 ) or return ( 13 ) opens. Fermenter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the shaft ( 5 ) annular or cylindrical bearing elements ( 26 ) for storing the shaft in the tank ( 1 ) ( 4 . 4 ' ) are provided. Fermenter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at an inlet or outlet of the at least one heating and / or cooling element ( 10 ) a valve or throttle valve ( 20 ) is provided. Fermenter according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least two shaft pieces ( 5 ' . 5 '' ) via the connecting or coupling tube ( 28 ) by screwing or screwing ( 29 ) are connected.