DE19521946A1 - Method for connecting an in particular non-textile cell structure with textile cover layers - Google Patents
Method for connecting an in particular non-textile cell structure with textile cover layersInfo
- Publication number
- DE19521946A1 DE19521946A1 DE19521946A DE19521946A DE19521946A1 DE 19521946 A1 DE19521946 A1 DE 19521946A1 DE 19521946 A DE19521946 A DE 19521946A DE 19521946 A DE19521946 A DE 19521946A DE 19521946 A1 DE19521946 A1 DE 19521946A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- textile
- cell
- sandwich
- cell structure
- layers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form
- B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
- B32B3/12—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by a layer of regularly- arranged cells, e.g. a honeycomb structure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
- B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
- B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
- B29C70/20—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B21/00—Warp knitting processes for the production of fabrics or articles not dependent on the use of particular machines; Fabrics or articles defined by such processes
- D04B21/14—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes
- D04B21/16—Fabrics characterised by the incorporation by knitting, in one or more thread, fleece, or fabric layers, of reinforcing, binding, or decorative threads; Fabrics incorporating small auxiliary elements, e.g. for decorative purposes incorporating synthetic threads
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
- D04H1/52—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by applying or inserting filamentary binding elements
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
- D04H3/04—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments in rectilinear paths, e.g. crossing at right angles
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/10—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically
- D04H3/115—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically by applying or inserting filamentary binding elements
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H5/00—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H5/08—Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres or yarns
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
- D10B2403/02—Cross-sectional features
- D10B2403/024—Fabric incorporating additional compounds
- D10B2403/0241—Fabric incorporating additional compounds enhancing mechanical properties
- D10B2403/02412—Fabric incorporating additional compounds enhancing mechanical properties including several arrays of unbent yarn, e.g. multiaxial fabrics
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2505/00—Industrial
- D10B2505/02—Reinforcing materials; Prepregs
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Verbinden einer insbesondere nichttextilen Zellenstruktur mit textilen Deckschichten zu einer Sandwich struktur gemäß Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1. Insbesondere sollen dabei beliebige Materialkombinationen, wie z. B. Textilien, Kunststoffe, Metalle verbunden werden.The invention relates to a method for connecting a particular non-textile cell structure with textile cover layers to form a sandwich structure according to the preamble of claim 1. In particular, should any material combinations, such as B. textiles, plastics, metals get connected.
Es ist bekannt, daß mit Hilfe der Maschenbildungsverfahren, wie z. B. der Wirk- oder Nähwirktechnik verschiedene textile Strukturen miteinander verbunden und fixiert werden können. So wird beispielsweise mit Hilfe der Kettenwirktechnik ein System von unterschiedlich orientierten par allelen Fadenscharen, welche Gelege genannt werden, durch ein Ma schensystem verbunden. Diese Produkte nennt man verwirkte multiaxiale Gelege bzw. auch multiaxiale Kettengewirke. Weiterhin ist bekannt, daß auf Basis der Nähwirktechnologie (Malimo-Verfahren) beispielsweise Gewebe mit Wirkfasermatten oder Vliesen vernäht werden. Der Vorteil dieser textilen Halbzeuge liegt zum einen in der Verknüpfung von unterschiedlichen Textilien und der damit verbundenen Möglichkeit zur rationelleren Weiterverarbeitung bzw. zu einem rationelleren Transport sowie in der Verknüpfung unterschiedlicher mechanischer Eigenschaften. Zum anderen vermindert der damit erzielbare gute Verbund zwischen den Textilien die Gefahr des Ablösens auf Grund von Schubspannungen, wobei bei Faserverbundwerkstoffen insbesondere die Delamination im Hinblick auf die dadurch sich stark vermindernde Festigkeit kritisch ist. Mit diesem bekannten Verfahren erhält man ein dreidimensionales verstärktes Textil. Der wesentliche Nachteil der beschriebenen Verfahren besteht jedoch darin, daß aus der Verknüpfung der unterschiedlichen Textilien als Endprodukt wiederum ein textiles Halbzeug entsteht.It is known that with the help of stitch formation methods such. B. the Knitting or sewing technology different textile structures with each other can be connected and fixed. For example, with help warp knitting technology is a system of differently oriented par alleles, which are called scrim, by a measure connected system. These products are called forfeited multiaxials Nonwoven or multiaxial warp knitted fabrics. It is also known that based on sewing technology (Malimo process), for example Fabrics can be sewn with fiber mats or fleeces. The advantage on the one hand, these semi-finished textile products are linked by different textiles and the associated possibility of more rational further processing or for a more rational transport as well as in the combination of different mechanical properties. On the other hand, the good bond that can be achieved thereby reduces the textiles run the risk of detachment due to shear stresses, with fiber composite materials in particular the delamination in Is critical with regard to the strength that is greatly reduced as a result. With this known method one obtains a three-dimensional one reinforced textile. The main disadvantage of the methods described consists, however, in that the combination of the different Textiles as the end product in turn creates a semi-finished textile.
Sandwich-Werkstoffe, wie sie beispielsweise im Leichtbau mit stark zunehmender Tendenz eingesetzt werden, weisen in der Regel Deck flächen auf, welche mit einem Inlay verklebt sind. Das zwischen den Deckflächen verklebte Inlay muß dabei nicht textiler Natur sein. Als Inlay werden bisher vor allem Schaumstoffe sowie Aluminium- bzw. Papierwabenstrukturen, die sogenannten Honeycombs, eingesetzt.Sandwich materials such as those used in lightweight construction with strong increasing tendency to be used, usually show deck surfaces that are glued to an inlay. That between the Inlay glued to the top surfaces need not be of a textile nature. As Up to now, inlays have mainly been foams and aluminum or Paper honeycomb structures, the so-called honeycombs, are used.
Bei den bisher üblichen und verwendeten Sandwich-Werkstoffen werden zunächst die Deckflächen gefertigt. Das kann beispielsweise ein textiles Halbzeug als Verstärkung für einen Faserverbund sein. Anschließend erfolgt dann die Verklebung der Deckflächen mit dem Inlay. Derartige Deckflächenlaminate werden insbesondere für Flugzeugböden eingesetzt. Neben der aufwendigen Fertigungstechnik besteht zudem der Nachteil, daß die mechanischen Eigenschaften des Sandwich-Verbundes nicht optimal eingestellt werden können. So besteht die Gefahr des vorzeitigen Versagens des Sandwich-Werkstoffes durch Delamination zwischen Deck fläche und Inlay.With the sandwich materials that have been customary and used so far first the cover surfaces are made. For example, a textile Semi-finished product as a reinforcement for a fiber composite. Subsequently the cover surfaces are then glued to the inlay. Such Top surface laminates are used in particular for aircraft floors. In addition to the complex manufacturing technology, there is also the disadvantage that that the mechanical properties of the sandwich composite are not can be optimally adjusted. So there is a risk of premature Failure of the sandwich material due to delamination between the deck area and inlay.
Aus der EP 0 526 363 A2 ist des weiteren eine flexible Compositdecke bekannt, welche zu Wärmeisolationszwecken eingesetzt wird. Ein Silizium carbid-Grundgewebe und mehrfache abwechselnde Schichten aus einzelnen aluminierten Schichten und/oder bienenwabenartigen Folien werden durch ein geeignetes Fadensystem in Form einer Steppnaht zusammengehalten, wozu zwei Fäden erforderlich sind. Als Nähgarn wird dabei temperatur beständiges Keramikgarn verwendet. Die eingesetzten Bienenwabenstruktu ren dienen als Abstandshalter; um die Wärmeleitungseigenschaften der wärmeisolierenden Decke zu verringern. Als Zellstruktur werden Bienen waben mit, bezogen auf die Längsrichtung, bis zu 60° geneigten Zell wänden verwendet.EP 0 526 363 A2 also describes a flexible composite ceiling known which is used for thermal insulation purposes. A silicon carbide base fabric and multiple alternating layers of individual aluminized layers and / or honeycomb foils are through a suitable thread system held together in the form of a stitched seam, which requires two threads. Temperature is used as the sewing thread resistant ceramic yarn is used. The honeycomb structure used ren serve as spacers; to the thermal conduction properties of the to reduce heat insulating blanket. Bees are the cell structure honeycomb cells with respect to the longitudinal direction, up to 60 ° inclined cell walls used.
Die Nachteile eines derartigen Compositwerkstoffes bzw. des zu dessen Herstellung verwendeten Verfahrens bestehen zum einen darin, daß die Deckschichten, welche sogenannte Interlock-Siliziumcarbid-Gewebe sind, zunächst in einem separaten Arbeitsgang vor dem eigentlichen Verstep pen der vielfachen Schichten hergestellt werden. Erst dann kann ein Übereinanderanordnen der einzelnen Schichten und ein anschließendes Vernähen in nachfolgenden Arbeitsgängen erfolgen. Zum anderen besteht der Nachteil darin, daß beim Vernähen durch die geneigten Wände der Wabenstruktur die Wände durch die Nadel zerstochen und damit erheb lich geschwächt werden. Das ist für Materialien besonders nachteilig, welche als Ausgangsstoff für Verbundwerkstoffe dienen. Das trifft glei chermaßen zu für das Übereinanderanordnen von zahlreichen einzelnen dünnen Schichten einer Wabenstruktur, welche niemals so angeordnet werden können, daß die zum Steppnähen verwendeten Nadeln die Wände der einzelnen Bienenwaben nicht zerstören. Beschränkend im Hinblick auf die zu erzielende Festigkeit ist des weiteren die Tatsache, daß beim Nähen durch die Nadelköpfe nur ein relativ großer Nadelabstand erziel bar ist.The disadvantages of such a composite material or its Manufacturing process consist on the one hand in that the Cover layers, which are so-called interlock silicon carbide fabrics, first in a separate step before the actual step of the multiple layers can be produced. Only then can one Arrange the individual layers on top of each other and a subsequent one Sewing takes place in subsequent operations. Second, there is the disadvantage in that when sewing through the inclined walls of Honeycomb structure pierced the walls by the needle and thus raised be weakened. This is particularly disadvantageous for materials which serve as a raw material for composite materials. That is the same Too great for stacking numerous individual ones thin layers of a honeycomb structure, which are never arranged in this way can be that the needles used for quilting the walls of the individual honeycombs. Limiting in view on the strength to be achieved is further the fact that when Sewing through the needle heads only achieves a relatively large needle spacing is cash.
Des weiteren ist in der WO 80/02253 eine Sandwich-Struktur beschrie ben, welche aus Deckschichten besteht, die zwischen sich eine Weich schaumstoffeinlage einschließen und miteinander vernäht sind. Um ent sprechende Festigkeiten zu erzielen, sind bei der beschriebenen Struktur an gegenüberliegenden Außenseiten der Schaumstoffeinlage Abschnitte von hochfesten Fasern durch die die Schaumstoffeinlage abdeckenden Außenschichten gezogen. Diese hochfesten Fasern werden im anschließen den Nähvorgang als Fasern benutzt, welche die Nähfaser sich nicht in den weichen Schaumkern einziehen lassen. Darüber hinaus ist bei dem beschriebenen Verbundwerkstoff die Art der Deckschichten als dünne Haut ausgebildet, d. h. bildet eine relativ geschlossene Außenfläche. Der Schaumkern dient dazu, nach einem Tränken mit einem aushärtbaren Harz eine steife zellenartige Harzstruktur im Innern des Compositwerk stoffes zu bilden. Auch bei diesem beschriebenen Sandwich-Material sind mehrere Arbeitsgänge für das Herstellen des für den ausgehärteten Verbundwerkstoff notwendigen Zwischenproduktes erforderlich. Darüber hinaus sind derartige Verbundwerkstoffe durch das Ausbringen von Harz in die gesamte zellulare innere Struktur des Schaumstoffes relativ schwer und benötigen relativ große Mengen an Harz, welche im Bereich von ca. 4-5 kg/m² liegen. Außerdem läuft der Harzausbringvorgang relativ langsam ab.Furthermore, a sandwich structure is described in WO 80/02253 ben, which consists of cover layers, a soft between them Include foam insert and are sewn together. To ent To achieve speaking strengths are with the structure described sections on opposite outer sides of the foam insert of high-strength fibers through the covering of the foam insert Outer layers drawn. These high-strength fibers will connect in the uses the sewing process as fibers that the sewing fiber is not in let the soft foam core soak in. In addition, the composite material described the type of cover layers as thin Skin formed, d. H. forms a relatively closed outer surface. Of the Foam core is used after soaking with a curable Resin a rigid cell-like resin structure inside the composite plant to form fabric. Also with this described sandwich material several operations for making the for the cured Composite material necessary intermediate product required. About that In addition, such composites are caused by the application of resin relatively heavy in the overall cellular internal structure of the foam and require relatively large amounts of resin, which are in the range of approx. 4-5 kg / m². In addition, the resin application process runs relatively slowly.
In der DE 34 18 913 C2 ist ein Laminarblock beschrieben, welcher aus einer Vielzahl von laminierten plattenförmigen Elementen aus anorgani schen Fasern besteht. Diese Vielzahl von aufeinandergestapelten Platten bzw. scheibenförmigen Elementen wird durch Vernähen zu einem Lami narkörper integriert. Ein derartiger Laminarkörper wird vor allen Dingen zum Auskleiden von wärmeisolierenden Konstruktionen verwendet und ist nicht beabsichtigt als Zwischenprodukt zur Herstellung eines ausgehärte ten Sandwich-Materials. Dadurch, daß im Innern keine Zellenstruktur vor handen ist, besteht der wesentliche Nachteil eines derartigen Laminar blockes gerade darin, daß er vom Harz unter Umständen, insbesondere wenn mehrere Schichten übereinander angeordnet werden, nicht voll ständig durchdrungen werden kann und deshalb einer Aushärtung zur Erzielung eines harten Compositwerkstoffes nicht zugänglich ist. Die erzielbare Fadendichte des Fadensystems ist ebenfalls durch den durch die Nadelköpfe bedingten relativ großen Nadelabstand beschränkt, was Grenzen für die interlaminare Scherfestigkeit setzt.DE 34 18 913 C2 describes a laminar block which consists of a variety of laminated plate-shaped elements made of inorganic fibers. This multitude of stacked plates or disc-shaped elements is sewn to a lami integrated carcass. Above all, such a laminar body used and is for lining heat-insulating constructions not intended as an intermediate to produce a cured product sandwich material. Because there is no cell structure inside is the main disadvantage of such a laminar blockes just in that he may be from the resin, in particular if several layers are stacked, not full can be penetrated constantly and therefore a hardening to Achieving a hard composite material is not accessible. The achievable thread density of the thread system is also through the needle heads limited relatively large needle spacing, what Limits for the interlaminar shear strength.
Es ist deshalb die Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren zum Verbinden einer insbesondere nichttextilen Zellenstruktur mit insbesondere textilen Deckschichten zu einer Sandwich-Struktur als Ausgangsprodukt für einen Compositewerkstoff zu schaffen, welcher leicht zu handhaben ist, eine drastische Verringerung der zu seiner Herstellung erforderlichen Prozeß schritte ermöglicht und darüber hinaus die Gefahr einer Delamination des fertigen Compositewerkstoffes bei Belastung durch Erhöhung der interlaminaren Scherfestigkeit im wesentlichen eliminiert wird.It is therefore the object of the invention to provide a method for connecting an in particular non-textile cell structure with in particular textile Cover layers for a sandwich structure as a starting product for one To create composite material that is easy to handle, a drastically reduce the process required to manufacture it steps and also the risk of delamination of the finished composite material under load by increasing the interlaminar shear strength is essentially eliminated.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen gemäß Anspruch 1 gelöst.This task is accomplished by a method with the features according to Claim 1 solved.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren stellt ein Verfahren zum Verbinden einer insbesondere nichttextilen Zellenstruktur dar, welche vorzugsweise eine Wabenstruktur ist, mit mindestens jeweils einer textilen Oberschicht und einer textilen Unterschicht zu einer Sandwich-Struktur mittels eines Fadensystems. Das Fadensystem wird vorzugsweise durch die Wirktechnik erzeugt. Die sich zwischen den textilen Außenschichten bzw. Deckschich ten befindende Zellenstruktur weist im wesentlichen senkrechte Wände auf und ist über die gesamte Breite der Sandwich-Struktur durchlaufend. Die textilen Deckschichten bestehen dabei vorzugsweise aus mindestens zwei multiaxialen Gelegen, vorzugsweise aus anorganischen Materialien, wie z. B. Glaswolle, Keramikfasern oder anderer Mineralwolle. Die multia xialen Gelege werden dabei vorzugsweise auf einer Kettenwirkmaschine mit multiaxialen Schußeintragssystemen (System LIBA) erzeugt, welche der Wabenstruktur, welche vor einer Verarbeitung noch relativ flexibel ist, in einer Weise zugeführt wird, daß diese zwischen den Deckschichten angeordnet wird. Je nach Anwendungsfall ist die Anzahl der für die Deckschichten verwendeten Gelege unter Umständen auch deutlich höher als zwei. Indem die Zellenstruktur so zugeführt wird, daß sie zwischen den Deckschichten angeordnet wird, wird in einem trockenen Verfahren in einem einzigen Arbeitsgang mittels eines Fadensystems, welches vor zugsweise mit der Wirktechnik erzeugt wird, eine noch flexible, leicht handzuhabende mattenartige Struktur erzeugt, welche vorzugsweise auf Rollen aufwickelbar ist. Der kleinste Aufwickelradius richtet sich danach nach der Höhe der eingewirkten Wabenstruktur und somit nach deren Biegsamkeit.The method according to the invention represents a method for connecting a particularly non-textile cell structure, which preferably is a honeycomb structure, each with at least one textile top layer and a textile underlayer to a sandwich structure by means of a Thread system. The thread system is preferably by the knitting technique generated. Which is between the textile outer layers or cover layer The cell structure present has essentially vertical walls and is continuous over the entire width of the sandwich structure. The textile cover layers preferably consist of at least two multiaxial fabrics, preferably made of inorganic materials, such as B. glass wool, ceramic fibers or other mineral wool. The multia axial scrims are preferably on a warp knitting machine with multiaxial weft insertion systems (System LIBA), which the honeycomb structure, which is relatively flexible before processing is fed in such a way that it is between the cover layers is arranged. Depending on the application, the number is for the Underlay layers may also have used layers significantly higher than two. By feeding the cell structure so that it is between The top layers are placed in a dry process in a single operation using a thread system, which before is produced with the knitting technology, an even more flexible, light manageable mat-like structure, which preferably on Rolls is wound. The smallest winding radius depends on this according to the height of the honeycomb structure and thus according to its Flexibility.
Bei einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel wird als Maschinenfaden eine Hochleistungsfaser eingesetzt. Wenn die als Zwischenprodukt dienende flexible mattenartige Struktur zu ausgehärteten ebenflächigen Sandwich- Platten verarbeitet werden soll, welche vor allen Dingen im Flugzeugbau als Flugzeugböden Einsatz finden, ist es besonders bevorzugt, in einem nachgeschalteten On-Line-Verfahrensschritt die verwirkte Sandwich-Struk tur über eine Einrichtung zum Tränken mit einer aushärtbaren oder schmelzbaren Trägermatrix, eine Aushärteinrichtung oder eine nachgeord nete Kühleinrichtung zu führen. Plattenelemente gewünschter Länge können dann auf Standardgrößen bzw. beliebige Längen abgelängt wer den.In a preferred embodiment, a machine thread is used High performance fiber used. If the serving as an intermediate flexible mat-like structure to hardened flat sandwich Sheets to be processed, which are primarily used in aircraft construction are used as aircraft floors, it is particularly preferred in one downstream online process step the forfeited sandwich structure on a device for impregnation with a curable or fusible carrier matrix, a curing device or a nachgeord to lead nete cooling device. Plate elements of the desired length can then be cut to standard sizes or any length the.
Ein wesentlicher Vorteil des Verfahrens bzw. des mit dem Verfahren erzielten Produktes besteht darin, daß speziell bei der Sandwich-Fertigung statt einer Vielzahl von vorher in Einzelschritten herzustellenden zu sammenzufügenden Einzelteilen das Sandwich-Halbzeug direkt in einem einzigen Arbeitsgang hergestellt werden kann. Dabei können die mechani schen Eigenschaften des Materialverbundes optimiert bzw. eine Überdimensionierung vermieden werden. Ein weiterer Vorteil besteht auch in der guten Drapierbarkeit in Fällen, in denen vor allen Dingen ge krümmte Bauteile aus der Sandwich-Struktur erzielt werden sollen, die als Zwischenprodukt dienende Struktur bei extrem leichtem Handling an den Ort der Verarbeitung gebracht werden und in die jeweilige Form gedrückt werden kann, woran sich das eigentliche Imprägnieren und Aushärten oder Abkühlen anschließen. Die Vorteile bestehen gerade darin, daß nicht einzelne Schichten an derartigen Orten einzeln aufgetra gen werden müssen und darüber hinaus darin, daß vor allen Dingen auch bei gekrümmten Bauteilen bei gesteigerter Belastung durch das enge Wirkfadensystem ein Delaminieren von Deckschichten und Inlay- Schicht vermieden wird.A major advantage of the process or with the process Product achieved is that specifically in sandwich manufacturing instead of a multitude of previously to be produced in individual steps the sandwich semi-finished product directly in one single operation can be made. The mechani optimized properties of the composite material or oversizing be avoided. Another advantage is also in the good drapability in cases where, above all, ge curved components are to be achieved from the sandwich structure that as an intermediate product structure with extremely easy handling the place of processing and the respective form can be pressed, what the actual impregnation and Connect hardening or cooling. The advantages are just now in that individual layers are not applied individually at such locations must be and in addition in that above all even with curved components with increased stress due to the narrow knitting thread system delamination of cover layers and inlay Layer is avoided.
Die bekannten sogenannten Prepreg-Produkte sind wegen ihrer Klebrig keit dafür nur bedingt geeignet, vor allem eben wegen der komplizierten Handhabung.The known so-called prepreg products are sticky because of their only suitable to a limited extent, especially because of the complicated Handling.
Durch die senkrechte Anordnung der Wände der Wabenstruktur wird ein Beschädigen der Wände der Wabenstruktur durch die Nadeln beim Wirkvorgang weitestgehend vermieden. In einem besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel wird die Zufuhrbewegung der Zellenstruktur in die Wirkmaschine mit der Nadelstellung so synchronisiert, daß durch jede Zelle der Wabenstruktur im wesentlichen die gleiche Anzahl von Fäden gezogen wird und die Wände weitestgehend unbeschädigt bleiben, d. h. von den Nadeln nicht getroffen werden.Due to the vertical arrangement of the walls of the honeycomb structure, a Damage to the walls of the honeycomb structure by the needles when Action largely avoided. In a particularly preferred one The embodiment moves the feed movement of the cell structure into the Knitting machine synchronized with the needle position so that through each Cell of the honeycomb structure has essentially the same number of threads is pulled and the walls remain largely undamaged, d. H. not to be hit by the needles.
Die Erfindung wird nun an Hand eines speziellen Ausführungsbeispiels, welches in der beigefügten Figur dargestellt ist, detailliert erläutert.The invention will now be described on the basis of a special exemplary embodiment, which is shown in the accompanying figure, explained in detail.
Die Figur zeigt eine mit dem erfindungsgemaßen Verfahren hergestellte Sandwich-Struktur, welche aus als Fadengelege ausgebildeten Deckschich ten 1, 3 mit einer Wabenstruktur 2 dazwischen durch Verwirken auf der Basis der Kettenwirktechnik mit multiaxialen Schußeintragssystemen, z. B. nach dem System LIBA, hergestellt ist.The figure shows a sandwich structure produced by the method according to the invention, which consists of cover layers designed as a layered fabric 1 , 3 with a honeycomb structure 2 in between by interlocking on the basis of warp knitting technology with multiaxial weft insertion systems, e.g. B. is made according to the LIBA system.
Die in der Figur dargestellte Materialkombination der Sandwich-Struktur zeigt als Unterschicht 1 und als Deckschicht 3 ein Fadengelege, welches jeweils aus zwei Schichten besteht und in unterschiedlichen Winkeln zueinander angeordnet ist. Die Ausrichtung der Gelegeschichten zuein ander sowie bezüglich der Vorschubbewegung des herzustellenden Sand wich-Produktes ist dabei für die Unterschicht 1 und die Deckschicht 2 verschieden. Bei dem dargestellten Beispiel ist das Gelege der Unter schicht I, bezogen auf die Förderrichtung, in einer 45°-Winkelanordnung zueinander übereinandergelegt, während die beiden Gelegeschichten der Deckschicht 2 in 90°-Anordnung zueinander gelegt sind. Die unterschiedli chen Orientierungen der Gelege dienen der weiteren Festigkeitserhöhung der fertigen Sandwich-Struktur, ohne Erhöhung des Materialaufwandes. Als Material für die Gelege der Deckschichten 1, 3 werden vorzugs weise anorganische Fasern wie z. B. Glaswolle, Mineralwolle u.ä. ver wendet.The material combination of the sandwich structure shown in the figure shows, as the lower layer 1 and as the cover layer 3, a laid scrim, which in each case consists of two layers and is arranged at different angles to one another. The orientation of the layers to each other and with respect to the feed movement of the sandwich product to be produced is different for the lower layer 1 and the top layer 2 . In the example shown, the scrim of the lower layer I, based on the conveying direction, is superimposed on one another in a 45 ° angle arrangement, while the two scrim layers of the cover layer 2 are placed in a 90 ° arrangement to one another. The different orientations of the fabrics serve to further increase the strength of the finished sandwich structure, without increasing the material expenditure. As a material for the scrim of the cover layers 1 , 3 , preference as inorganic fibers such. B. glass wool, mineral wool and the like used.
Die so übereinandergeschichteten Materialien werden einer Wirkmaschine zugeführt und zu einem Verbund zu einer Einheit miteinander verbun den. Vorzugsweise kann die Anordnung der einzelnen Gelegestränge auf den Abstand der Nadeln 4 abgestimmt werden, so daß beim Verwirken in Synchronabstimmung zwischen Vorschubbewegung des Materialpaketes 5 und Wabenstrukturabmessung sowie Gelegestrangdicke ein möglichst verletzungsfreies Verwirken der einzelnen Bestandteile der Sandwich- Struktur erzielt wird. Die Verbindungsfäden, welche sich durch das gesamte Material erstrecken, saugen sich während des Tränkens mit der aushärtbaren Trägermatrix durch Kapillarwirkung voll Harz und dienen somit neben einer Sicherung gegen Delamination von Deck- und Unter schicht 1, 3 von der Wabenstruktur 3 einer zusätzlichen Stütze und somit Erhöhung der Festigkeit der fertig ausgehärteten Sandwich-Struktur.The materials stacked in this way are fed to a knitting machine and connected to one another to form a unit. The arrangement of the individual scrim strands can preferably be matched to the spacing of the needles 4 , so that when forfeiting in synchronous coordination between the feed movement of the material package 5 and the honeycomb structure dimension and scrim strand thickness, the individual components of the sandwich structure become as harmless as possible. The connecting threads, which extend through the entire material, absorb full resin during the impregnation with the curable carrier matrix by capillary action and thus serve, in addition to securing against delamination of the top and bottom layers 1 , 3 of the honeycomb structure 3, of additional support and thus Increase the strength of the fully hardened sandwich structure.
Gegenüber bekannten Sandwich-Strukturen erreicht die mit dem erfin dungsgemaßen Verfahren hergestellte Sandwich-Struktur eine um minde stens 15% höhere interlaminare Scherfestigkeit.Compared to known sandwich structures, this is achieved with the erfin Sandwich structure manufactured according to the method a by at least at least 15% higher interlaminar shear strength.
Claims (8)
daß die textile Oberschicht und die textile Unterschicht aus Gelegen mit unterschiedlichen Fadenvorzugsorientierungen erzeugt werden;
die Zellenstruktur im wesentlichen senkrechte Wände aufweist; und
die textile Oberschicht, die Zellenstruktur und die textile Unter struktur in einem Arbeitsgang in einem trockenen Verfahren mittels des Fadensystems zu einer flexiblen, leicht handzuhabenden matten artigen Struktur verbunden wird.1. Method for connecting a cell structure, in particular non-textile, which runs over the entire width of a sandwich structure, with at least one textile upper layer and one textile lower layer to form a sandwich structure by means of a thread system, characterized in that
that the textile top layer and the textile bottom layer are produced from fabrics with different preferred thread orientations;
the cell structure has substantially vertical walls; and
the textile top layer, the cell structure and the textile substructure are combined in one work step in a dry process by means of the thread system to form a flexible, easy-to-use mat-like structure.
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19521946A DE19521946A1 (en) | 1995-06-16 | 1995-06-16 | Method for connecting an in particular non-textile cell structure with textile cover layers |
| EP96922818A EP0776268A1 (en) | 1995-06-16 | 1996-06-17 | Process for joining an in particular non-textile cellular structure to textile coating layers |
| AU63562/96A AU6356296A (en) | 1995-06-16 | 1996-06-17 | Process for joining an in particular non-textile cellular structure to textile coating layers |
| KR1019970701031A KR970705468A (en) | 1995-06-16 | 1996-06-17 | A method of connecting a special nonwoven porous structure to a fabric covering layer (PROCESS FOR JOINING AN IN PARTICULAR NON-TEXTILE CELLULAR STRUCTURE TO TEXTILE COATING LAYERS) |
| PCT/EP1996/002607 WO1997000167A1 (en) | 1995-06-16 | 1996-06-17 | Process for joining an in particular non-textile cellular structure to textile coating layers |
| NO970636A NO970636L (en) | 1995-06-16 | 1997-02-11 | Method of connecting in particular a non-textile-based structure to textile cover sheets |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19521946A DE19521946A1 (en) | 1995-06-16 | 1995-06-16 | Method for connecting an in particular non-textile cell structure with textile cover layers |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE19521946A1 true DE19521946A1 (en) | 1996-12-19 |
Family
ID=7764539
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19521946A Withdrawn DE19521946A1 (en) | 1995-06-16 | 1995-06-16 | Method for connecting an in particular non-textile cell structure with textile cover layers |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0776268A1 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR970705468A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU6356296A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE19521946A1 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO970636L (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997000167A1 (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1033237A1 (en) * | 1999-03-03 | 2000-09-06 | Thomas Josef Heimbach Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung & Co. | Press pad |
| DE19913647A1 (en) * | 1999-03-25 | 2000-09-28 | Liba Maschf | Material of multi-layer multi-axial yarn layers, is produced continuously with an initial knitting bed to bond the yarns of a layer followed by further beds to bond in additional layers of 0 degrees and other orientations |
| EP1040909A1 (en) * | 1999-03-03 | 2000-10-04 | Thomas Josef Heimbach Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung & Co. | Press pad |
| DE10110115A1 (en) * | 2001-03-02 | 2002-09-05 | Audi Ag | Sandwich structure material, e.g. for use in vehicles, is produced using textile or non-textile shape retaining carrier layer and fibre fleece cover layer |
| DE19902368B4 (en) * | 1999-01-21 | 2004-09-02 | Lutze, Hans, Prof. Dr.-Ing.habil. | composite |
| DE102004032833A1 (en) * | 2004-07-06 | 2006-02-16 | R+S Technik Gmbh | Rigid multi-layer component for automotive applications comprises honeycomb core with outer layers each formed by two fleece layers consisting of short and long fibers |
| DE102004062895A1 (en) * | 2004-12-20 | 2006-06-29 | Technische Universität Dresden | Textile spacing structure for multilaminar sandwich elements has at least one flat textiles strip and at least one meandering or corrugated folded strip |
| DE102008019065A1 (en) * | 2008-04-15 | 2009-10-22 | Airbus Deutschland Gmbh | Process for producing a core composite provided with cover layers on both sides and core composite |
| EP2006464A3 (en) * | 2007-06-22 | 2010-10-27 | Jamco Corporation | Sandwich panel |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008048583A1 (en) * | 2008-09-23 | 2010-03-25 | Endress + Hauser Wetzer Gmbh + Co. Kg | Method for manufacturing a measuring device and method for casting a casting mold |
| US10840689B2 (en) | 2017-10-06 | 2020-11-17 | Power Distribution, Inc. | Universal tap-off box with a latch mechanism |
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| DE4328705A1 (en) * | 1993-08-26 | 1995-03-02 | Saechsisches Textilforsch Inst | Process for the production of reinforced warp-knit fabrics, especially stitch-bonded fabrics |
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| US4331495A (en) * | 1978-01-19 | 1982-05-25 | Rockwell International Corporation | Method of fabricating a reinforced composite structure |
| US4196251A (en) * | 1979-04-16 | 1980-04-01 | International Harvester Company | Rigidized resinous foam core sandwich structure |
| FR2602178B1 (en) * | 1986-08-01 | 1989-04-07 | Chomarat & Cie | MATERIAL FOR THE REINFORCEMENT OF STATIFIED ARTICLES |
| NL8802022A (en) * | 1988-08-15 | 1990-03-01 | Adprotech B V | FLAT SANDWICH SHAPED BODY. |
| GB8822521D0 (en) * | 1988-09-26 | 1988-11-02 | Tech Textiles Ltd | Method of producing formable composite material |
| US5277959A (en) * | 1989-09-21 | 1994-01-11 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Composite flexible blanket insulation |
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- 1995-06-16 DE DE19521946A patent/DE19521946A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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- 1996-06-17 EP EP96922818A patent/EP0776268A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-06-17 WO PCT/EP1996/002607 patent/WO1997000167A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-06-17 AU AU63562/96A patent/AU6356296A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-06-17 KR KR1019970701031A patent/KR970705468A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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1997
- 1997-02-11 NO NO970636A patent/NO970636L/en unknown
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2419423A1 (en) * | 1973-05-15 | 1974-12-05 | Vyzk Ustav Pletarsky | NON-WOVEN TEXTILE FABRIC AND METHOD FOR ITS MANUFACTURING |
| DE4328705A1 (en) * | 1993-08-26 | 1995-03-02 | Saechsisches Textilforsch Inst | Process for the production of reinforced warp-knit fabrics, especially stitch-bonded fabrics |
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19902368B4 (en) * | 1999-01-21 | 2004-09-02 | Lutze, Hans, Prof. Dr.-Ing.habil. | composite |
| EP1033237A1 (en) * | 1999-03-03 | 2000-09-06 | Thomas Josef Heimbach Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung & Co. | Press pad |
| EP1040909A1 (en) * | 1999-03-03 | 2000-10-04 | Thomas Josef Heimbach Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung & Co. | Press pad |
| US6413889B1 (en) | 1999-03-03 | 2002-07-02 | Thomas Josef Heimbach Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung & Co. | Pressing cushion |
| CN1105009C (en) * | 1999-03-03 | 2003-04-09 | 托马斯约瑟夫亨巴赫有限公司 | Press pad |
| DE19913647A1 (en) * | 1999-03-25 | 2000-09-28 | Liba Maschf | Material of multi-layer multi-axial yarn layers, is produced continuously with an initial knitting bed to bond the yarns of a layer followed by further beds to bond in additional layers of 0 degrees and other orientations |
| DE19913647B4 (en) * | 1999-03-25 | 2004-04-01 | Liba Maschinenfabrik Gmbh | Method and device for the continuous production of knitted / sewn muilti-axial scrims from several layers of threads |
| DE10110115A1 (en) * | 2001-03-02 | 2002-09-05 | Audi Ag | Sandwich structure material, e.g. for use in vehicles, is produced using textile or non-textile shape retaining carrier layer and fibre fleece cover layer |
| DE102004032833A1 (en) * | 2004-07-06 | 2006-02-16 | R+S Technik Gmbh | Rigid multi-layer component for automotive applications comprises honeycomb core with outer layers each formed by two fleece layers consisting of short and long fibers |
| DE102004032833B4 (en) * | 2004-07-06 | 2010-04-22 | Herbert Olbrich Gmbh & Co. Kg | Multi-layer molding and method for its production |
| DE102004062895A1 (en) * | 2004-12-20 | 2006-06-29 | Technische Universität Dresden | Textile spacing structure for multilaminar sandwich elements has at least one flat textiles strip and at least one meandering or corrugated folded strip |
| EP2006464A3 (en) * | 2007-06-22 | 2010-10-27 | Jamco Corporation | Sandwich panel |
| US8334042B2 (en) | 2007-06-22 | 2012-12-18 | Jamco Corporation | Sandwich panel |
| DE102008019065A1 (en) * | 2008-04-15 | 2009-10-22 | Airbus Deutschland Gmbh | Process for producing a core composite provided with cover layers on both sides and core composite |
| DE102008019065B4 (en) * | 2008-04-15 | 2011-06-16 | Airbus Operations Gmbh | Process for producing a core composite provided with cover layers on both sides and core composite |
| US8926880B2 (en) | 2008-04-15 | 2015-01-06 | Airbus Operations Gmbh | Method for manufacturing a core composite provided with cover layers on both sides as well as a core composite |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU6356296A (en) | 1997-01-15 |
| EP0776268A1 (en) | 1997-06-04 |
| NO970636D0 (en) | 1997-02-11 |
| KR970705468A (en) | 1997-10-09 |
| NO970636L (en) | 1997-02-11 |
| WO1997000167A1 (en) | 1997-01-03 |
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