DE1949921A1 - Method for operating a heating system and heating system - Google Patents

Description

Professor Br.-Ing.
F.obert Meld.au

Dipl.-Ing.
Gustav Meldau
-Patent attorneys-

483 Gütersloh 0 238 Urof .

Carl-BerteIsmann- S tr. 4

company

Gustav Ospelt, Hovalwerk Corporation

Vaduz / Liechtenstein

Method for operating a heating system and heating system

The invention belongs to the method of heating systems with verunr-eiri ^ ierj Brenugase.n to operate in such a way that the impurities Most of the time, the operation of the heating system still disturbs the environment

The invention solves the problem, a heating system to create and operate that even at a higher up high content of soot in the fuel gases and other condensation or sublimation products in finely divided solid form and in particular if the sulfur content is high, so do these foreign substances securely separated from the fuel gases in the finest distribution. Furthermore, the object is achieved, a method for operating a To create a heating system with such contaminated fuel gases,

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those for industrial and household purposes from a few uniform Components can be installed easily and clearly in tight spaces and which only requires low operating costs and low maintenance.

The solution to the task at hand consists in such a method; that the fuel gases in one with through nozzle liquid fed, the fuel gas duct extending interior of a lamellar centrifuge are introduced, which are fed through the! nozzles Liquid and the fuel gases, divided into thin layers, are ordered through the gaps in the surrounding lamellas Ejected liquid to a? / poor exchanger for the "operation of the Heating system is supplied and the exhaust gases, which have been cooled to around 60 ° from foreign substances, are released into the open.

One improvement is that the fuel gases are countercurrent to move the cleaning fluid first divided into thin layers, through the wetted gaps of a circumferential The lamellar centrifuge is sucked in, then passed through the curtain of the cleaning liquid fed in by means of nozzles and as a cool, defogged, pure exhaust gases are released into the open.

It is also advantageous that the cleaning liquid is an absorbent, such as caustic potash, to bind sulfur in the combustion gases. i

The new process and its mode of operation are based on a few

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-3-. . ■. ■■ ■■■ "■ '. "preferred embodiments shown:

Figure ί shows the scheme of a system with individual parts in vertical longitudinal section, which is particularly suitable for carrying out the new method;

FIG. 2 is a partial axial section through weeping-Käscher 8 according to FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a partial and enlarged cross-section according to III, III of FIG. 2;

Figure 4 is an axial section through another embodiment of a scrubber suitable for carrying out the method

is an axial section corresponding to FIG. 4 through a 2-stage Pascher for carrying out the method;

Figure 6 is a schematic side view of a kesher according to Figure 5 from the left:

Figures 7-16

are new separation elements, as they are in scrubbers can be used with the new procedure

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FIG. 17 is an axial section corresponding to the pigar 4

by another embodiment of a washer for the new procedure

FIG. 18 is a schematic cross section corresponding to FIG. 3 for the purpose of illustrating the possible arrangement of A "to the ideal Ilen according to FIGS. 7 - in the system according to the new method.

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The following structure of the new one results from the drawing Heating system and the operating procedure for it.

The combustion chamber, which is fed at one end by the oil burner 1, is on the other end a scrubber for the fuel gases in the form of a rotor 3 with lamellae upstream and one independent of it in the sense of the arrow "rotating nozzle system 8. A fan 4 sucks the exhaust gases thrown out of the rotor 3 are largely cooled and freed from solid and harmful exhaust gas components and presses it into the open air in the sense of the bare arrow in Figure 1 above.

The pump 5 pushes through the mediation of the valve 19 line 6 in the direction of arrow 18 and line 7 the heating medium in the double jacket of the combustion chamber 2. Line 6 simultaneously feeds the nozzle system by means of the auxiliary line 15 8. The primary circuit 6, 7, 2 of the heating medium is through the Return line 9 to container 10 closed with the usual love ~

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circuit 11. In the container 10, the heat exchanger 13 is arranged below the heating medium level 20, which the pump the secondary circuit for feeding the consumer 14, e.g. generally a branched heating system. The container 10 is also expediently of the drain 17 .aus the rotor 3 fed. This line 17 can with the return flow 9 of the Be connected to the primary circuit. .

The compact design and clarity of this heating system is clear.

In Figure 2 uijten right, the arrows in the pipe 25 indicate the access of the single and rinsing liquid, which then into the Y Teilan; _: pipe 44 and the manifold 40 crosses over. The elongated spray nozzle is arranged in the collecting pipe 40 * This is operated from the J-part 41. Within FIG. 2, the detail of the manifold 40 with the wedge 41 is shown schematically.

^ h-Ti recognizes in Figure 2 that the Eeilstück is under the action of ^ ückzuffedern 42 and a screw 43 is used to adjust the slit of the collecting pipe 40. The spray arrangement for the Feiriwascher ^ ftth, as is explained in the further description, Any number of feed lines 44 and nozzle arrangements 40 - 43. It can be seen that the nozzle in the spray tube 40 is immediately adjacent to the inner edge of the profile plate packets 32. In the Hadia hole section of FIG one within the

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Wall 21, 24, the wall 33 of the rotor and therein the disk packs 32 and the hollow shaft 25 for the supply of the - ^> oil liquid. Mainly, FIG. 3 supplements the structure of the fine washer according to FIG that or the rotor housing 21 with storage for mobile or aggregates that can be coupled together. The axle 46 of the mobile rotors carry wagon wheels 47 movably on rails 47a «

The schematic axial section through an axially flown, the clean gas radially emitting fine scrubber according to the countercurrent principle according to Figure 4 shows a hollow axle 25 by means of bearings 26, stored in the container wall 33 and driven in the. Sense of representation in Figure 2 by means of disk 39. Sitting on the hollow axle 25 in a star shape, but only indicated schematically in the drawing, the longitudinally directed supply pipes 44 with the lined up spray cans 80 for operating the profile plates and / or Lamella packs 3.2 in the wall. 34 of the fine washer roxor with drive connection 22nd

The raw gas flowing radially from the outside to the inside through the packets 32 of the rows of nozzles 80 is then removed from the Interior space between the rows of nozzles 80 and the inner edges of the Lamella packs 32 captured by the blades ■ 8i of the fan 84, the clean gas is then radially out of the in the direction of arrow 85 The nozzle 82 of the housing 84, which has the fan 81, is blown out one of the hollow axis 25 for the rotating nozzle arrangements

44/80 separate drive 83, at the same time for the fine washer rotor. 109817/0768 -7-

Pig.5 corresponds to the type and mode of operation of the essentially of the execution according to Pig. 4 »like this from the. ■ predominantly the same reference numbers emerge. However, it acts see "in Fig.5 to a two-stage Feinwäseher, in which the fan 81 is replaced by a fine washer rotor 33a, 34a. Further a tube 25a is mounted in the wall 84 in a mirror image of the hollow shaft 25 with the supply of the washing liquid 26a sits the independent drive 39a for the tubular stars 44a and 44b with the spray nozzles 80a.

That through the nozzle 22 in the direction of arrow §6 in the Left fine scrubber entering raw gas is first in the left part of the system in countercurrent, and in the second part of the system on the right treated in direct current. The highly purified and greatly cooled gas then exits the nozzle 82 in the direction of arrow 85 the end. The nozzle stars on the skins 25 and 25a are "" completely independent from each other with respect to the type of spray liquid as well as with regard to the direction and speed of circulation. . "

FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of a view from the left to Fig.5. You can see the inlet nozzle 22 for the raw gas, 1st stage, as well as the connection 82 for the outlet of the clean gas, 2nd stage. Step. The housing 84 forms a unit for both stages to accommodate the independent packages of profile lamellas, sprayed from the nozzle stars 44-44c

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Fig. 7 shows a schematic cross section through a profile plate, whose legs 69 have a greater slope than the legs 88. The scheme of these angles is shown in a simplified form in triangle 90. It is assumed that the raw gas for the purpose of fine washing over these plates 8? after bundling in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 7 flows.

In Fig. 8 plates.91 are shown in which one. the movement fc of the Eohgases as a result of the arrows shown. One recognises, that the profile 'of the lower plate with the profile of the upper Plate forms a channel of diameter d. Furthermore, one recognizes that the apices of the plates are so far apart from each other that the cross-section widens there by a multiple. When flowing through these channels, the soh gases are therefore and the fluid that has been taken along is swirled around very strongly and over and over again.

In Fig. 9, the angle of the legs 92 and 93 is even greater "Different from each other, as in the embodiment according to the figure 7 and 8.

The profile plates according to FIG. 10 therefore form channels 95, 96, the in a threefold relationship, one that is repeated over a short distance Induce vortexing, on the one hand as a result of the different steep angle legs, on the other hand because of the enlarged apex cross-sections and then because the training of the Channels still cooperate with adjacent plates

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are shifted against each other, so that each on a channel 95 from two flat legs a channel piece 96 from two steeper ones Thigh follows. The scheme 94 next to FIG. 10 leaves the angles special for the training according to Figures 9 and 10 recognize "..The different inclination of the legs 88, & 9 or 92, 93 or 95,96 would not have any particular effect in the horizontal direction of the urine flow shown schematically, but it does the arrows drawn in the figure are around the radial direction of flow, in the FeinwäslOher from the inside to the outside or occurs from the outside in. This means that on the liquid mixture and the centrifugal forces, which are dependent on the speed of the rotor, act on the gas, which are always changing Direction of flow and the frictional resistances, which are very different over short distances, always generate new turbulent impulses the flow threads are exerted as a result of the described Design of the profile plates or lamellas in the form of a strip · sindo added there is also a slightly oscillating movement of the elastic spacer bands. This strongly pulsating turbulence over and over again occurs both when the raw gases flow from the outside to the inside, i.e. in the opposite flow to the spraying, as well as in direct current operation, i.e. when the raw gas flows in the direction of the spraying liquid.

Tn Fig. 11 it can be seen that the profile plates or lamellae can have pointed parting. Xn FIGS. 12 and 13 is a supplement 9 and 10, up to which significant Differences in cross-section as such are simple profile lamellas

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Such thematic structures of the triangle 94 in Fig. 13 can be joined together if _; the SchenkeWrakel are slightly different from one another and the profiled sheets are installed shifted in the direction of flow. ; -. ; :

The "described strongly pulsating flow of the wall-like channels between the profile sheets in the radial direction of the circulation of the fine washer rotor is according to the types of Fig. 14 and 16 ' enforced by means of sieve-like perforated profile plates. While according to Fig. 14 a; simple sieve plate 98 between two non-perforated Profile plates 99 and 100 is inserted, the first embodiment according to FIG. 15 consists of the spacer strips 101 at the beginning and to be arranged differently at the end of the flow channel, namely once at the "beginning of the channel between the profile plate 99 and the sieve profile 98 and the other time - between the profile plate . 100 and the sieve plate 98.

It can be seen in Fig. 15 in what way in this way, possibly in addition to the formation of the various angular, thighs and their lateral displacement, a very strong through- * turbulence between the Prof! plates 99 and 100 and through the Sieve plate 98 is forced. To simplify understanding, the lateral offset of plates 99 and 100 is shown in FIG. 15 NOT shown.

16 shows that ± xi in exceptional cases, in a simplified manner, an effect corresponding to the delicates according to FIG

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1o5 a flow in the direction of the arrows 1oo through the sieve 1o4 force.

Pig * 17 shows a fine scrubber according to the invention, the axial section of which corresponds to FIGS. 4 and 5, but the fine scrubber according to FIG. 17 is equipped with the porous filter plates of FIG. 16. The gas to be cleaned enters the fine scrubber housing 21 with the pipe socket 22 and is thrown radially outward. The feed pipe 25 for the washing liquid is in the "'andung 84 of the rotor mounted. The tube 25 carries in already explained" ^r else the tube star 44 with the spray nozzles 80 in the room · within the ^T Vände 33. 34 are in this embodiment, packets of the Plates 1o2 to 1o5 or 1o4 and I06 are stored, with two impermeable plates each enclosing a sieve plate between them.

Fig. 18 illustrates schematically the versatile configuration of the profile plates 32 etc. and therefore the profile plate packets are accessible. In the radial cross section of FIG. 18, between the rotor walls 33> 34 in a schematic representation of profile plates or lamella packs stored. The lamella packages A consist of flat lamellae, which are arranged radially to the rotor axis. The plate packs B are flat but arranged obliquely to the rotor axis, the disk packs C and "O in a radial arrangement with increasing curvature in a radial one Direction. All of these curved plates 32, O, D, Bind also profiled or they have partially sieve-like

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Breakthroughs ,, This curvature can be in the direction of rotation or run in the opposite direction. It is understandable that curved lamellas packs apart from one much longer one also flowed through a stronger resistance and a y / have selectable other turbulence. :.

As shown, the new fine washer can be designed in numerous modifications, all of which share the solution principle have that the 'Höhgas' swirls through numerous ribbon-shaped channels and must flow through pulsating. Each raw gas band is optionally sharp ten to twenty times by means of the profile lamellas deflected, it flows through these channels as a result of the constantly changing cross-sections, breathing, so to speak. This constantly changing characteristic of the vortex results in a strong absorption of gases and liquids as well as a corresponding one Enrichment of fine dust particles in the liquids. The profile lamellas are also -uninterrupted by liquid flows through and cleaned.

The profile lamellas or profile plates can be made in standard sizes put in stock, bundled as desired and used for the smallest and also the largest system. The sizes at Diameters of the fine washer between 400 and 3000 mm and one Rotor widths from 330 to 1200 mm result in cleaning lines between 2000 and 150,000 m / h. Flows through at G-rosswaschsrn, the gas within 1 to 2 seconds up to 6 0 000 deflection points. The gap width of the slats can be selected by dio in--.

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Narrow rubber bands inserted at a distance of 100 "to 150 mm to hold the profile lamellas packets. The new pain washer is suitable for use in plastic. At least its rough parts can be coated with plastic; *'s a Good Torteil of the blades is that they stiffen due to their profiling, even with a small wall thickness. a Peinwäscher of 3,200 mm 0, and in the rotor of the inner diameter of 2,400 mm and a length of 1 m can be about 3,500 aluminum profiled slats of 1,000 mm length and T20 mm width «,

These result in a "contact area of 1,700 m" Das Rohgas- / va.3 water mixture passes more than 100,000 deflection parts «

^T> ie Dr en number of the rotor is dimensioned so that the surpluses: - * i .; The liquid supplied is knocked off immediately, but the urine puddles are wetted with a thin film of liquid. '-'erden üies-s systems are used for room humidification, so j.ir ^ c.' / i3: 0er ^f ; 'l-ex'oCussing of cleaning fluid to increase ' li.r ^ arrfeucntiykeit is desirable. If the tormentor is to additionally serve the purpose of observing the room, the use of a G-egeno electric drive is recommended.

The equip, ;; of the Lame lien aggregate is effective for many purposes, because the gas is distributed over a - / • <, "; Όj \ fsh.: - ;: i trörn.e from the radial to the axial direction and

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the large Xamella surfaces is the ratio of the rotor circumference to the axial gas passage area of the gases of 1ΜΌ0 conditional. But that means that e.g. the absorption liquid not "superficially, but in forced, intimate contact with The noxious gases to be absorbed flow in a whirling motion high mechanically agglomerating and formerly accelerating conversions Effect is fully maintained even with dusty harmful gases. There is also the advantage that im generally also: smaller amounts of flushing fluids required are 'because their film form is sufficient.

The new operating procedure and the installation for its execution result in essentially technically advanced effects.

Sine heating system, which was ^{loaded with 2 χ 10 D} k / cal / h, an exhaust gas volume of 3000 to 4000 Nm / h with 11 ^ CO _? and the fuel oil of which had a sulfur content of 0.45 % , was connected to a gas scrubber according to the procedure. Rotor 320 contained thin fins made of chrome-nickel steel. The rotor turned at 61 rpm, the Yfascharm at 105 rpm. The flue gas left the plant at temperatures of around 50 °. The CFOp content of the exhaust gases was absorbed to $ 86.4 .; The "Yasch liquid contained 0.55 kg / m 2 of dry sludge in original flocculent residues. With a circulated amount of 1.8 m / h of water, its temperature was kept at about 30""

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Claims (2)

Prof. Dr.-lr> 0. Robert Moldova Oipl.-Ing. av Meldau Gtjtereloh, Tel. 34 S4 Oari-Bertelwnann-etr. 4th P at ent to check | 1ΛMethod of loading a heating system with contaminated fuel gases ^^^ drive characterized in that the fuel gases in one with fed by nozzle liquid, extending the fuel gas channel Inside a lamellar centrifuge are introduced, the liquid fed in through the nozzles and the fuel gases in thin layers divided, conveyed through the gaps in the surrounding lamellas »the ejected liquid is passed through a heat exchanger to operate the heating system is supplied and the on about 60 ° cooled and freed from foreign matter can be released into the open air. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel gases initially in countercurrent to the movement of the cleaning liquid divided into thin layers, sucked through the moistened crevices of a rotating lamellar centrifuge, then through the Veil of the cleaning liquid fed in by means of nozzles and released into the open as cool, defogged, pure exhaust gases. 3 »Method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that that the cleaning liquid contains an absorbent such. B. Contains caustic potash to bind sulfur in the combustion gases. 109817/0 768