DE1949338C3 - Process for improving the burning properties of tobacco - Google Patents

Description

The burning properties of tobacco and the aroma and composition of tobacco smoke are all in one very substantial levels of water-soluble metal salts found in the tobacco. The in Metal ions present in tobacco control the burning rate and the burning character of tobacco. The nature of the ashes also depends at least / to some extent \ on the metal ions and their proportions, which in turn has an influence on the combustion. So the formation of a porous ash leads to steady combustion, while the presence of a low-melting one Metal salts in excess cause premature smothering of the embers and the formation of acrid and irritating smoke components and are non-porous, obstructing the passage of air through the tobacco Carbon product can cause.

As the most prominent source of tobacco coal premature extinction, that is The presence of a high proportion of low-melting mineral salts, d. H. of in the temperature range of 310 to 460 ° C melting salts in tobacco have been determined. This premature entanglement results unburned carbon so that the ash is dark or black in color.

Washing tobacco with water removes some soluble salts, mainly potassium salts, from tobacco. In this case, however, the removal of desired, water-soluble constituents is not an option avoid.

The treatment of the extraction of ground tobacco using acidic ion exchange resins for Purpose of solubilizing pectins and their removal from the tobacco water is used in U.S. Patent 3,385,303. This treatment proceeds with the removal of ions the insoluble pectin-carbohydrate structure and results in a removal of some ions that are later replaced However, it also solubilizes the pectins so that they are removed or at least subject to a rearrangement in the tobacco.

From US Pat. No. 2,805,667 it is known to use the tobacco to remove nicotine from tobacco To treat water, the aqueous extract, which contains nicotine and metal ions, with ion exchangers / u treat and return the so treated extract to the tobacco. This is precaution that the aqueous solution fed back into the tobacco Extract, with the exception of nicotine, contains essentially all of the water-soluble components found in tobacco had previously been withdrawn, must be reintroduced.

The object of the present invention is to produce certain tobacco products which have a negative impact on the burning properties To remove parts, but pectins, which are present as building materials in tobacco, are not removed. Another object of the invention is to selectively and without simultaneous solubilization of tobacco pectins metal ions from tobacco parts remove and add certain ions to the tobacco to improve the burning properties.

The invention relates to a method for improving the burning properties of tobacco, which is comminuted and further processed into tobacco foils, by aqueous extraction of the comminuted tobacco. Treatment of the extract by means of ion exchangers and return of the treated extract to the insoluble tobacco component, which is characterized by the fact that from the aqueous tobacco extract with the aid of ion exchangers or on electrodialytic Wc;. :: 20 to 95 percent by weight of metal ions, whose salt / . in the temperature range from 310 to 460 ⁰ C Schmclzci removed and by hydrogen or optionally ammonium. Calcium and magnesium ions are replaced.

Potassium ions are particularly troublesome in tobacco, d>, according to the invention / u at least 20 °, ₀ removed in order to be replaced by hydrogen or ammonium, calcium or magnesium ions.

The tobacco treated according to the invention has a better and controlled burning rate, more desirable combustion products, better ash quality and give the ashes a better appearance.

The aqueous extract is made with ion exchange resin at one to remove about 20 to 95 percent by weight of that in the tobacco as a low melting point. Salts (as defined at the beginning) \ the metal ions present, especially the potassium ions, in a sufficient amount brought together. The bringing together can be at room temperature or even higher or lower Temperature take place and takes place in general for several minutes to several hours, albeit also depending on the particular shape and type of resin used, the one to be removed loncnmcngc and similar factors shorter or longer times can be used.

The calculation of the amount of resin required when combining with the extract can be carried out using conventional methods. If it is z. B. is desired to remove half a molar equivalent of potassium ions and ' _Mo molar equivalent of calcium ions from 101 aqueous tobacco extract, at least the V ₂ -ι ¹ Z ₁₀ or ⁶ Z ₁₀ molar equivalents of hydrogen ion corresponding amount of ion exchange resin in the acidic form required and z. As a resin with a capacity of 4 meq / g in a corresponding at least 150 g _^(6/10 · ^"101 V ₄ 150) amount to employ One would. Thus, the I xtraktmenge \ on 10 1 with 150 g or more resin depending temperature, resin particle size, degree of crosslinking present in the resin and other factors determining the diffusion properties of the resin for a period of perhaps 10 minutes to 2 hours.

The bringing together preferably takes place at

continuous conditions. One can do this by using a column with the lore exchange resin in particle form. z. B. pearl shape, fill and pass the aqueous extract through the column. File can be the same Working technique as in the case of chromatography columns are used.

As cation exchange resins in the process according to the invention the strong, medium or jweak types are used, ζ. Β as a strong one Resin obtained by crosslinking polystyrene with divinylbenzo ' and sulfonating the crosslinked product obtained resins.

Medium strength cation exchange resins for the purposes of the invention include the phosphonic acid types. Such as the resins obtained by crosslinking polystyrene with D * jvir>'benzene and reacting the crosslinked product with phosphonic acid for the purpose of incorporating a bifunctional phosphonic acid group in the styrofoam divinylbene lattice

7 ! En weak cationic hardening resins for the Z '. \. : the invention ge ^ - ^ - n , \. ■ , .irbon'-aure-Tyr. like that by mixing methaeric acid with a crosslinker. / B. Divinylbenzene. er'r ^: enen resins. Another type of suiwafhen Katio! Exchange resin is formed by resin, which contains an OH group as a nfunctional group;

■> Quai ion exchange resins for the Erting can be strong. scrmaJie nders of medium strength H e can be used

s anion exchange resins for the / wake of _Erti: ng may strongly basic resins such as poly * i '. I-quaternary ammonium resins can be used.

: η another means of adjusting the ions in '[ak represents membrane electrodialysis. The tobacco extract is used in a number of /.■ilen, between those under separation by perpahle and semi-permeable membranes each have a Vi ater cell, the effect of an electrodialysis :: exposed to the potential, with the tobacco extract,> n the water on the side close to the anode through a Neutral membrane and on the ropes close to the cathode is separated by a cation-permeable membrane, which latter, since no anions can pass through them, no clogging by the large anions, such as the polypeptide or polyphenol anions to be found in the extract. There If there are essentially no bulky cations, there is also no analogous blocking by cations on.

The treated extract can be combined with water-soluble additives. The extract will then used again for the production of a reconstituted tobacco product in one of the known ways the extracted, insoluble portion combined.

The preferred device for electrodialysis of the tobacco extract is a series of six working solution chambers 1.6 mm thick, two chambers for isolating the electrode layers from the tobacco extract solution and two electrode solution chambers. The solution chambers have a width of ^J , dm and a length of 5 "., Dm.

With the formation of ten solution chambers between two graphite electrodes, five alternate cation-selective membranes and four neutral membranes are provided. To neutralize the Acids and bases formed by traps are passed through the chamber adjacent to the electrode Electrolyte solution (an NaCl solution, whose pH value for the anode with NaOH and for the cathode with HCI is changed) and to ensure that the pH effects of the electrode currents reduce the pH value of the Do not influence the tobacco extract through the insulating chamber adjacent to the electrode chamber Water or diluted saline solution. Tap water and ao through the other three central chambers tobacco extract guided in a cycle. When the voltage is applied to the electrodes, the ions are in the tobacco extract conveyed through the membranes to the tap water stream

The tobacco extract is continuously alternating through Chambers in the chamber sequence, a conductivity measuring cell (to display the ion concentration the solution), a flow meter and to a reservoir and by a pump through a Filter passed back to the chamber sequence. The circulatory passage of the tobacco extract the chamber sequence is carried out until the desired liberation of minerals is achieved in a similar way the waste solution (originally tap water) is pumped through the neighboring chamber in the sequence of chambers. taking up the inorganic salts removed from the tobacco extract

example 1

A 100 g lot of powdered light tobacco stick was leached with cold water. 430 ml of this extract were treated with a strong anion-exchange resin with a total exchange capacity of 130.0 milliequivalents, with a total plastic content of 5 "'", 1' / »hours had 2.9 ",, strong with 140.0 milliequivalents cations -Austauschharz 1 '/ ₂ hours brought together. The in Reihcngesamtzusammenbringung with both resins as a product resulting 550 ηιϊ Good had a total solids content of 1.5 _"u. Ie, 32 ^{1, 0} Z ₀ of extract solids were retained by the anion and 19% of the cation exchange resin and 48 ¹ /, ⁰ / ,, recovered as a deionized product.

The untreated and deionized materials were analyzed to find the following compositions (based on the dry state) resulted in:

Table 1
Composition, "", based on CiesamiUMstoff

2.4t '

Ci I.
I. K Mg 3.9 (.
2. ¹ X) Phosphine mbehati-
dell
eniionized 2.09
0.05 I.
1
j
1 13.97 0.S3
0.01 0.52
, (LSI

nicotine

0.75 0.10

Λ se lic

31.3 4.2

The series deionization resulted in a drastic reduction all components with the exception of chloride and phosphate. (The high chloride content in d; m in the present case means probable. », dab no complete washing out of the cation exchange resin regeneration agent (HCI) from the resin.) The large loss of material to the anion exchange resin is characteristic as a substantial fraction of the organic solids of stem extract consists of mono- and polyfunctional carboxylic acids.

3 eis ρ ie 1 2 _were , on one

the result g

_The cigarette A.

no committee of examiners with fol

rX £ n Raich. had

a

unusual ^Geschma ^ j _cium züglich _to potassium) was _Di e Z.gareite calcium B ^. ^

_{To the
9} . _c7kg

The cold water extracts from 100 g light tobacco stalks were treated with 290 milliequivalents of strongly acidic cation exchange resin, the composition of the soluble material flowing off the resin (on a dry basis) K 0.3 ° ₀ . Approx. 0.15 ° ₀ and total ash 7.47%, which shows an almost complete removal of the very calibrated, ao cations. A portion of this material was boiled with washed light tobacco stem material obtained from an appropriate amount of siengcigewichis for 25 minutes at 8.2 kg pressure, whereupon the slurry was refined on a Waring mixer and / u films as of about 10 g m basis weight were cast, which shredded and made into cigarettes.

The cigarettes thus obtained were smoked by a small panel of examiners, which turned out to be water Assessment showed that they tasted in ahn- 30 by Certainly from im-treated Helkabak stalks ·> ηι> ρ | < manufactured cigarettes different and many! are milder than those.

Example 3

and the like
except for differences in

■■ '. _r i-otions, this shows

Amounts of caJons present ^ ^ ^ ^

^VerSU Z ^ ue "d SEinstellung, your cation-: Äi fa« can vary at will

Example 5
Manufacture a, Jabak «in, ktes

J
K ,, close, uoc. ^^

were expressed

40

45

As in Example 2, using deionized material with the modification, cigarettes prepared the deionized slurry with ammonia prior to forming the reconstituted films was adjusted to a pH of 5.5. The cigarettes obtained were those described in Example 2 Preferred (sour) cigarettes according to the invention.

Example 4

Separate cold water extracts from several i () 0 g portions Light tobacco stems were treated with 290 milliequivalents of acidic cation exchange resin and the treated solutions again with the medicinal tobacco sling cloth combined and boiled for 25 minutes at 8.2 kg pressure. The slurries were on the Waring-Miseher refined and treated as follows:

A. The acidic slurry was as in Example 3 with ammonia to a pH of 5.5 brought.

B. The acidic slurry was made using a mixture of 3.3 parts KOH and 1.2 parts of CaO aiii brought a pH of 5.5.

C. The acidic slurry was brought to a ρH value of 5.5 using CaO.

D. The slurry was taken directly from the HeII-Tobacco-Siengelmalcrial Prepared without i nlioimation.

Films were cast from the four slurries and the dried films shredded and converted into cigarettes. The cigarettes thus obtained, with enisp
85 "',, the I
position of the
after the M
Table.

The two solutions
the chamber sequence permissible conductivity measurement L-

the

analysis of the stem extract
ralstoffifcnuing contains the

earthen

'• i kg

η them In

3.8 1

huller ■ \ you,

ülgS-

■ .. ■ "den ■ den i ' from .ni ² : Jen .liiert, e tvv a, oeru nd

Table Il
Partial analysis of Helliabak stem extract:

'after membrane electrodialysis

l.'i'iprünlichcr l: \ irakt

Hntmincral
sicrler
extract

hntfcriiun

ig.

Soluble

Solids.

Ρ "

S pe / i tables

Weight . .

N / A

K

Cl

N (I ₁ -N ...

bu Mg

Ges.

Alkaloids
K ed.

Sugar . .
tiev N
Ashes. . . .

I '

S.

15.3
4.8

.070

8.4

4.8

1.025

mg / ml

mg / ml

53.0
2.64

45.2
0.82
1.3

0.98
4.34
0.61
1.08
0.10
0.48

0.64

38.4
1.66

10.2
0.32
0.2

42 53 91 53 55 71

28 37 77 61 85

ei n <b a

A portion of the mineralized extract was combined with washed light tobacco stem material obtained from an appropriate amount of stem weight and boiled for 25 minutes at 8.2 kg pressure, whereupon the slurry was refined on a Waring blender and cast into sheets , which were over a steam bath were dried . The foils (weight per unit area approx

108 g / m ² ) were shredded and made into cigarettes.

These cigarettes were smoked by a small panel of examiners and judged to be taste of cigarettes made in a similar way from untreated light tobacco stem material differ and are much milder than those.

Claims (1)

Claim: Process for improving the burning properties of tobacco, which is crushed and converted into tobacco foils is further processed, by aqueous extraction of the crushed tobacco, treatment of the Extract by means of ion exchangers and return the treated extract to the insoluble one Tobacco content, characterized that from the aqueous tobacco extract with the help of ion exchangers or electrodialytic Paths 20 to 95 percent by weight of metal ions, their salts in the temperature range Melting from 310 to 460 - C, removed and replaced by hydrogen or optionally ammonium, Calcium and magnesium ions are replaced.