DE1930464A1 - Method and apparatus for grinding particulate solids - Google Patents

Description

PATENT LAWYERS .-- ..:

DR.-ING. H. FIWCKE · < _Ληηη

DIPL-INO. H. BOHR 1 6 JUNE! 1969

DIPL-ING. S. STAEGER

MONKS 5

IdOLLERSTR. SI

B esch r eibu η M 8082 g
to the patent application

of Mr. George Edward-Kevin B 1 ythe, Ph.D.
Hillmorton, Rugby »Warwickshire / ENGLAND

concerning

VEHPAHREN AND VGERIGHTOTG TO GRIND VOU IN PART
CHEHPORM VOKIIECtENBEH

June 1968 ■ - UNITED KINGDOM

The invention relates to the disintegration of solids,

which either initially in particulate form or in analogous form _;

Porm or before the distortion, starting from ver '

elderly large pieces, chunks or the like, j

suf particle shape have been reduced o; -

The general purpose of this procedure, as well as the device ^! device according to the invention is the state of
To modify substances ^ to the handling, packaging, Ver,; subdivision or use to lend and / or to improve the properties or quality «^

Industrially according to the process according to the invention baw _o {with the appropriate device au grinding substances
, pharmaceutical preparations including insecticides, such as DDT, cosmetics ,, plastic materials, solid lubricants j, pigments for paints and Metallbeschiehtun- ν ^l

gene or metal powder for powder metallurgy.

Another group of shredded in this way
Substances include flammable, energy-emitting substances, for example coal and colloidal fuel, wood flour »f bowls and the like ^

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Also Bodenäüngemittel, Steinbrockan, tFsreafönsaiae ^ ä and Ashes can be beneficial through the process as well as the pre ^ direction according to the invention are brought into powder form *

Mechanical dialing are generally ineffective if the energy expended is considered in relation to OberfläeHenenergie the new surface generated * Bei® mechanical grinding is much energy ^one "lost -weglichen parts for the Beibung be ~ * Another difficulty in the mechanical grinding is then obtained, if a very finely comminuted product is required ... This cannot be obtained merely by loading the same batch of material for a prolonged period of time in a mechanical mill. Experience shows that the dimensional distribution of particles quickly adjusts to such an equilibrium * that the breaking up of large part away with the association of small feilciien the scale hältο once this condition is reached ", a further expenditure of energy turns out to be useless * Uk feilööen of minimal dimensions of a mechanical" mill: Suer; "~ obtained is Accordingly, it is practically essential to provide means - watch to keep eating away the smaller particles <>

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a generally improved and effective method of grinding from particulate to powder form with dimensions in the micron or submicron range «.

A further purpose of the invention is to create a new type of cooling without mechanically moving parts for implementation this procedure «,

The inventive method comprises the generation of a High speed flow of under high pressure Grinding fluid, increase in, speed on a vertex

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BATH ORIGINAL

; ~ ³ ~ 1930484

worth and subsequent admission of a relaxation of the fluid as well as the resulting conversion of the potential compression energy in kinetic energy in a multistage Venturi nozzle system, whereby the Mshlfluid in its speed is increased and allowed to relax many times, introduction of particulate material in the transverse direction in the high speed flow of milling fluid at the point where this is allowed to relax for the first time, the material and fluid being thoroughly mixed in this way, what an automatic attrition of the particles by impact results, and ejection of nasty Pluides as well as the contained therein particulate material in a mill chamber, where the particles different dimensions are separated and classified>

The Mahlfluiö used can be compressed air or - for oxidisable or combustible substances - either under pressure ο The fluid can optionally be from overheated Bempf exist ".

Under a "multi-stage" Venturi system there is one with to understand two or more stages. =

The size reduction of the parts can be entirely or basically take place in the Venturisysteia »Ba is meanwhile It is also possible that the particles in the Venturi system are only roughly ground in preparation and then finished within the cooler can be finely ground. In the latter case Those who have excess can advantageously use luminaires on a cycle basis either to the Venturi meal or to a whole separate multi-stage Venturi nozzle arrangement for post-grinding ",

Since the density of the solid material to be ground is a few a thousand times larger than that of the grinding fluid is required one has a fluid velocity in the sonic or supersonic range of about 330 m / sec to the supply rate of the

909881/1 ^ 2 *

Grinding zone or the grinding zones to be introduced »raw material keep in a reasonable order of magnitude and condition au gent that in the interests of a good degree of effectiveness ■ » the mass of the raw material supplied per unit of time and the mass rates of supply of milling fluid are comparable to each other., Thus a sonic or supersonic flow of fluid is typical of what is under the expression "high speed" is au understand.

Such high fluid velocities require that the The feed rate of the material into the milling zone or zones is maintained at a high and substantially uniform level is, since the fluid flow is otherwise during short periods of time is overloaded and the velocity of the combined stream (when the relative velocity of the fluid and the Materials on SuIl '. has fallen), dob * the speed, which is transferred to the material particles, accordingly is low, while for the remaining time periods the Electricity runs "easily" and the Maeae per unit of time ^ guided Material, although the material particles at high speeds achieve, is much lower than it should be,

The grinding, classification and collection of the in particle form material in a mill is achieved by placing different types of a in different parts of the mill hydrodynamic flow, vortex motion, turtaulens and possible impact fronts are formed, so that a solid particle suffered a large number of collisions, det. These conditions are suitable in the mill Arrangements of nozzles, suitable formation of solid interfaces and the regulation of the pressure and the j Temperature of the incoming, located at high speed! Lent fluids achieved, the particles fed to this related to their regular brittleness, one as possible have high collision energy.

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A secondary circulation can expediently be brought about within a vortex, which represents a classifying area, with an automatic classification of the solid particles present in their dimensions; _e h-, particles below and above a certain dimension «» area are either led to an outlet or back to a grinding zone «

The particles and the milling fluid exiting the classification area can be aligned along paths that allow further dimension classification through the action of hydrodynamic forces and cause gravity * Furthermore, duroh an appropriate formation of Pestkörpergrenaflachen hydrodynamic Forces' are generated, which the solid particles against drive a gathering area.

Particles of 'different dimensions can be distributed' by precisely at a certain maximum dimension. is started and a steady distribution of smaller dimensions is carried out,. ^

An important aspect of the inventive method lies in the fact that the return movement cycle is used to lead to _s grosae solid particles quickly from certain part of the mill to areas where they subjected to a further Mahlvdrgang "becoming

_S are to sicherausteilens that the material in the Hochgesöhwindigkeitsstrom of Mahlfluids.auch at a high velocity "is introduced ness, an injector for particulate material, in one particular, below au beschreibenäen form used to advantage one such Injelltor not only vain intensive mixing of the material: as well as the fluid, but also takes part of the mahing effect by causing the solid particles to collide with each other,

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The material injector thus results in a mixing chamber for the grinding fluid and the particulate solid material supplied, the high-speed conveying flow of the fluid being thoroughly mixed with the material; becomes ^ that an automatic attrition of the particles by impact and a consequent reduction of the particle size result. . _t

Ber injector for teilchenförraige material in the particular shape mentioned is geiaäss another important aspect of the invention consists of a Ventur! Injector which is designed to fit into a mill chamber and comprises at least an inlet nozzle, through which won one high Seschwindigkeit stream comprising milling fluid in the form of compressed air or other gas in the form of superheated steam, with an inlet for supplying the particulate material to be ground in the injector being provided next to it & nh®hwßg ü® & the top speed of the grinding fluid flowing through and then expanding to a considerably larger Dui'climesser after 3sn, in order to expand the. Fluids and a subsequent conversion of the potential energy of compression into kinetic energy s "enable ο terner", the injector comprises a coaxial fenturi tube or a bush with a twisted part ^ into which the inlet df [s # leads "and an extended part _f who is with the: verbuadeti or trained to verbimäimg with this

The formation of a mill to carry out the You have to drive in order to manufacture it MaxiMai efficiency logically on law regarding the movement of a are based in a fluid stream ^ The relevant Et borrowed bases result from the further Bes © lireil> öiig «

BATH

The Mühlenkanmer can be designed with advantage «that. a similar way is formed and that the chamber is provided with several bosoms for the supply of pressurized auxiliary air (or other gas) or superheated steam compared to the endless flow path, they run inside the mill chamber - a fluid vortex movement and weight generate a linear current *.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings explained. Show it:

1 shows an embodiment of a two-stage venturi ! Product insektora in connection with a mill chamber in flat cylindrical shape or pancake shape in vertical section » *

fig. 2 the injector according to Figo 1 in a letter box,

3 shows a large main vortex and smaller vortices generated in the MtihlenkassBer according to FIGS. 1, 2 in a plan view as well as in a purely schematic cash division.

4 shows the same chamber, with a secondary circulation being illustrated which, owing to its formation, is intended to produce an awlomat-flat Abneesungsklassiemang the solid particles, in Scheeatic Baratelliing and in side view ₉

Figure 5 shows an embodiment of a complete invention Apparatus including a power energy evaporation chamber in the form of a vertically arranged "racetrack" torus in side view,

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Pig, 6 a partial section of an inventive Device aur representation of the manner in which. rather excessively exhibiting particles from the Mühlettkammer diverted and into a two-stage inlet venturi «* injector for further grinding that takes place in it can be performed -, in excerpts and partially cut representation,

Fig. 7 shows the manner in which double Venturiv ~ produk'cinjektoren in series as well as in connection with likewise centrifugal classifiers arranged in series could be,

Fig. 8 shows an embodiment of an according to the invention Device for collecting very fine solid particles through a cyclone in a two-stage process in the ' vertical quality,;.

Pig: 9 a section along the line IX-IX of FIG. 8,

Pig, 10 an embodiment of an inventive Particle discharge classifying mechanism based on a draining principle to be explained below in Vertical section, -, - '■

11 is a flow diagram of a stubborn Veranachaulichung \ typical operation klus zy within dee erfindungegemäesen process,

Pig «12-14 Diagrams to illustrate the mode of operation of the process according to the invention with regard to the Milling of coal into particles with dimensions lying in the micron range and the combustion of this coal with limited air flow, especially for generating steam.

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According to Pig »T, 2 is a veaturi product injector illustrated there I chamfered it with a Mühlenkaanner MC of flat cylindrical shape or pan shape

The injector I comprises a Venturi inlet nozzle 1 and a coaxial Venturi combination tube or a nozzle 2, A high-speed stream of grinding fluid in the form of compressed air or other gas or superheated steam flows into the injector I via an inlet pipe 3 and ron there through the inlet nozzle 1, the inside of this nozzle narrows custody until at one point la to a verhältnisraässig narrow neck Tb in order to increase there -: speed of the flowing Mahlfluidee a top speed and then expands neon auBsen at one point ic a verhältnismäseig grösaeren diameter around some relaxation and to achieve consequential Uawandlung the potential energy of compression of Fluidea into kinetic energy, the effective Entapannungsteil the EinlassdUse 1 into the combine! onsrohr or the nozzle 2 since the uad latter also at one point 2a first to a verhältnismäsaig narrow Haia 2b narrows danacli in the direction of naqh auasen Expanded at a point 2d, it results in a two-stage Venturi injector.

That which is to be brought to micron dimensions or sub-micron dimensions particulate material becomes strange and tangential in the high-speed pluidetroa through a tangential one Inlet 4 inserted into a hoblsylindriachen body 5, inside which the inlet nozzle 1 is received * This one Inlet 4 can have an attached thereto in the manner shown have suitably shaped olive 6 (see Fig, 2), onto which a feed tube * or a tube for the material is pushed can be, the material will be in the high speed having fluid flow introduced, from the Ms »1 on emanates from a point where the fluid is allowed to relax, aaehderi let it flow through the narrow neck "Ib of the nozzle. Me Speed of the fluid as well as the Eisgefüferteö medium material is increased »if the fluid uadgji © in it

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located particles through. the '* narrow neck 2b of the combination; t'ion tubesB or the nozzle 2 run »in which an intense Mixing and grinding takes place around the DUCTION OF THE PARTICLES THROUGH THE SPECIAL INJECTOR SHOWN I comprises a cap 7 for the hollow cylindrical grain 5 ~ In the center of this cap is an inlet tube 3 fitted for the -Zsiimahlflnicl, which both through the nozzle "

1 as well as through the coaxial grain biua U. ο ns tube or dip nozzle

2 runs the corresponding end. "Of the body 5 can on

the outside area 5a is provided with a thread its * lim'a correspondingly provided with £ ni «.5 thread Take up flange 8 ,, by means of which the injector is supported or held in a fixed position vyerden "can. The selection of the material for the inlet nozzle 1 is important because the Nozzle: should not be easy to wear.

There are two different operating modes for the grinder. The main reduction in size of the particles takes place within the material injector 1 itself, the rest of "the" mill only having the effect of a partial disintegration class and there precautionary measures are taken so that the injector can be guaranteed ^ as explained below v / lrdo in the second mode, which is performed iu of the mill according to FIG 1-4, acts dsr Materialinjektor 1 merely as a preparatory Grobaerinahlungseinrichtung _t while the remainder of the mill, in the illustrated case, the MC ₉ Mühlenkaramer both Fine grinding - as well as effecting particle classification in a continuous process without return to the injector; in fact, the Mühlenkaramer MG of flat cylindrical shape or pan shape represents a grinding zone of a ^{; l} jet energy mill according to the definition given above insofar as this chamber represents a circular endless path forms and with a plurality of auxiliary nozzles connections 9 for additional compressed air (or other gas) is 1;,. These last-mentioned nozzles run tangentially or essentially tangentially with respect to the circular ti ■. "-"'"(■■; ■ - ^: 909.881 / 1024'. ■? .." ■ "" ■.,

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endless flow path and generate inside the mill chimneys MC smaller vortices 10, which are located near the chamber walls and on the outside of a large main vortex 11 in the central area of the chamber (see Fig. 3).

On the peripheral edge of the plate-shaped running upwards Cover plate 12 of the mill chamber MC is shown in FIG annular inlet pipe divider 13 is provided, in which the Stream of milling fluid at high velocity and mixed in pre-ground particles runs like him from the outwardly widened part 2c of the combination tubular foot or the nozzle 2 exits, this stream runs in the Inlet manifold 13 through a funnel I4 and from there in the Mühlenkamraer MC darch inlet inlets 15, which through the cover plate i2 run a pressure manifold 16 for gaseous fluid in the form of an annular pressure belt completely surrounds the channel, into the manifold 16 flows compressed air or other gas via an inlet 17 and from there into the chamber through the tangentially extending nozzle orifices 9. A gaseous fluid outlet 18 runs coaxially from the chamber cover plate 12 - A concentric cyclone manifold 19 amiaelt the ground particles »those in a container 20 can be withdrawn.

The simple diaene and endings 9 can, if desired, be carried out by Venturi nozzles are replaced, the axes of these nozzle openings or Venturidüeen (of which jewella eise corresponding Aasahl provided eein) run parallel to the bottom of the flat cylindrical Kamiaer MC and almost tangential inclined in relation to the circular cross-section of the cylinder «Das Fluid is in close contact with the Kamaserwandungen at rest ^ The great vortex 11 is in the central area the chamber formed; smaller eddies 10 arise near the Walls (Fig- 3) ». The little eddies ensure; that a particle of Feetoffteilchen its different coincidences Bit Neighbors suffers- In the main vortex Π, other velocity gradients are created by two geometrical conditions

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superimposed, which arise because the path of a particle of the fluid is longer than that of a particle close is of the axis and that at leaving the chamber each pest body or fluid particle to a central outlet one must perform a spiral movement inwards. This one Velocity gradients are assigned to pressure gradients. Since the intensity of the vortex is in a plane A-A with the Nozzles near the bottom of the chamber MG is greatest, the pressure difference between the center and the edge of the Main vortex big air; the corresponding pressure drop in a parallel plane B-B near the top * The difference between these two pressure drops is used to calculate a secondary circulation according to the arrows in Pig. 4 upright to get, This flow has the effect of an acceleration the plague body or pluid particles from the periphery to the central outlet. «The secondary circulation carries steadily Solid particles back to the grinding zones near the nozzle orifices 9 or Venturi nozzles, i.e. close to the walls, where the speeds are high and the turbulence is on is at a maximum. The fact that the secondary circulation is located inside near the top of the Carinthian, schaffi) a dimension classification mechanism. This results in eioh because the force directed in idse'n acts on a solid particle in this area, how anything varies from the first force to the square of the equivalent radius ä · » Cross-section, there is "a small change compared to the" first force set (viscous forces) for very small particles to the second force set (Newton's force) if the dimensions the particles rise. Whichever set of power also iaaer in question, it is about a bit of competition Centrifugal force due to the fact that a typical Solid particles move on a circular path, because it passed through the main flow "in the chamber around herua who, as explained above, is a big Beotreler Whirling is, Obviously, this is centrifugal force

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proportional to the particle mass, dLh * the cube of the yarn Radxus * The distance from the center line at which the inward hydrodynamics are up and the outward. directed sen'txifugal forces, equalize each other, is thus absorbed in the main cross-section of a particular particle, d "ti :. the effective radius .. A continuous © in detail considering the hydrodynamic Behaves * nisse, then shows that "a classification de? particles eratelt according to ^ biaessüngen, wobei'die particles of geringein radius fiae effort se igen., orbits ron lower To train raaiws (and thus to move closer to the center line of the chamber) ■ .., By correct training of the aiislasBes including a certain usual Aufafehetis in the Kamaier) "It can be divided that because of this Abmassirügsklaeaiereinrichtung a particle barely the outlet submitted., jxicht unless and until the effective radius of the particle · under a certain critical value falls "the eraeugte within the Mülilenkammer Eluidwirbel can in this V / else roughly divided into three parts are divided, nämlioh eiaen imsserstea part ₅ v / hich a grinding or ReduktionsBOne, an inner part, which represents a discharge zone, and an intermediate part, which the IClassierzüTie represents, '

The gate members of bösch rubbed Turbulent are that the fluid and the Peststoffnjaterial be kept in a well-mixed state, and as a s the PluidgesciLWindigkeit 'SiOH - "sohaell with the;. Changes issit and dsm place" so that a Teilcheii with large It is likely to collide with: other parts of different companies. It is also generated that a circulation is generated, which supports you in a circulatory system. to Unregelmäsaigkeit ^ n auskugleichi-n, walohft from the nonuniform for "denmg a ^ s' ^ ceilchenfö nIGF-n material in the milling or ■ Re duiit ions κοηώ en ts t before η,

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are passing through the particle hervorgerufenett centrifugal '' acceleration _f formed by the vortex 11 around ge ^, to center them in addition to the Aussenwandüngen where turbulence is present, which FTIE ^ south pens ion contained particles keeps in.einer thin fluid boundary at the Grensschicht This Pluidschiclit is required together with its load of solid particles by the secondary circulation, which is indicated by the arrows in; Pig- 4 is illustrated * until it reaches a steep point at which the radial velocity -proceeds- inwards. This inward velocity carries the smaller particles with it, while the excessively large particles are left behind at the periphery in order to subject them to a further grinding process. Thus, only the smaller particles can reach the discharge zone ..

However, only a part of the material particles is on the milled dimensions in the micron or submicron range, while some excess parts from the Mahizone be carried by the movement of the fluid v; -ag.

The Weseni; friendliness of these operations depends on the hardness of the material and the particular AnwendungsiPall from, Accordingly, an important feature of the mill is that, _for the above-mentioned Abmessungsklassiermechanismus not only prevents Überiaass possessing particles reach the outlet, but that the presence of the secondary Circulation (Fig. 4) ensures that these oversized particles are automatically returned to the milling zones. Thus, a typical particle can often pass through the Mahlaons before it has the desired dimensions, and <=> s can also be subjected to the reverse cycle process several times in the manner described above »

909881/1024 ^BÄD original.

The principles described above also apply if the Mill chamber is a hollow cylinder. " with a collection of the product taking place near the inner surface. In a similar way Wise, a mill chamber in the shape of a hollow torus is satisfactory, a collection taking place on the inside of this torus «

Another possibility of modification is a "Rennbahn * - Torus, i.e. two half toruses separated by rectilinear parts are connected to each other. The latter training has the Advantage »that they are made and assembled from pipe sections can be.

The geometric shape of a radiant energy cavity can vary widely and even include a serpentine shape. The simplest form is likely to be a flat »ylindric Be chamber or pan, for example as in Fig. 1,2 however, other forms are about as effective and a little easier to manufacture. For example, the Torus or the "racetrack" have a circular cross-section and from a pipe or a square or trepesföi- * be made moderate sheet metal section.

A complete device according to the invention gives calibration for example from FIG. 5 “This device comprises its combination a StrahlenergieaUhle in fore of a vertically narrow. arranged "Rennbahn" -Torue: A two-stage Veηtüriproduktinjektor I with a previously described Fig. 1 described Shape, with the direction of high speed asciseaden Milling fluid that flows into this injector and thus into the unit RT B, indicated by the arrow pointing downwards is; a feed hopper 21 for the particle size Material; a venturi injector 22 at the bottom of the Funnel; a feed pipe 23 connected to the feed injector 22 runs into the bottom half torus 24; tangeatial nozzles or

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Jet nozzles 25 extending to the ground half torus; a high-speed fluid pipe divider 26 and connections 27 to the two-stage venturi; jector ₁₁ the inlet injector 22 so the tangential nozzles or jet nozzles 25} a product outlet 28 which runs laterally from the upper half torus 29 (and represents a back cycle knee) ! and a cyclone collector 30 in connection with the outer end of this product outlet "Straight pipe sections 31, 32 connect the two half torus 24, 29 =

If the multi-stage venturi injector Γ as a preparatory Grinding device for in the "racetrack" torus RT introduced partial material is to serve, an outlet would have to be this material can only be introduced into the hollow body 5 of the injector. Under these circumstances, the Venturi feed injector 22 and the injector can be dispensed with 1 would be entirely for the delivery of particulate matter in "serve the mill- Or the injector could still serve as we-i« teres component zyr introduction of particulate material in the torus RT are used. In this special device, the injector 22 is, so to speak, free »

Still genügena collisions is without prejudice to the form of a MahUrammer in any corresponding device gemäsiä of the invention is always an area of effective Festkörperteilchenabiaeesüngen prior _s which in this chamber for a time maintain * which is neither small enough ₉ zusulaasen to a feed via the outlet, causes in order to achieve a quick reduction to the desired dimensions. This effect delays grinding and reduces the amount ejected. Such larger and heavier particles are to be found closer to the outer dimensions of the grinding chamber than near their genentrus. It is ®öglich, aussuwerfen diesa particles from the Xamer and dsßscö back in eineö multistage venturi injector! STaführeii ₉ U® a gewiaee AbmessungBredusierung dureh regrinding

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cause,. This increases the efficiency by accelerating the grinding process. In this way it is ζ, B <, possible, larger and heavier ones. To eject solid particles from the upper part of the back cycle knee, which is formed by the upper half torus 29 in FIG. 5, and to convey these particles back into the two-stage venturi injector I while viewing the arrow pointing to the right in this figure.

This "awswerf" process is shown schematically from Pig. 6 in application to a reverse cycle elbow 33 of a toroidal-shaped radiant energy cooling chamber. In this figure, the outer and inner wall parts of the semicircular elbow 33 are denoted by 33a and 33b, respectively fitted to the i'orus, with the combining tube or nozzle 2 running down into it, in the outer part of the knee 33 and in a tendon-like manner thereto, an ejector member 34 runs sliding over the outer part of the knee, across the width, d, ho in a direction perpendicular to its length, the limb 34 runs straight across the cross-section of the knee 33 _β Bas the inner leading end 34a of the disc 34 is facing the upward incoming mixed flow of high velocity gaseous fluid and solid particles. The ejector member 34 is in the longitudinal direction inwards and outwards (see dash-dotted lines @ E &) by means of adjustable by a suitable mechanism in order to vary the dimensions of the opening O between the outer wall section 33 ^a and the leading end 34 a of the link. In this way the member acts as a dividing means zu® "Eject" the larger or heavier hard & arperteilehen from the knee * while the smaller s and lighter particles we allowed! " _s to walk undisturbed around the knee. The dimensions of the opening determine which dimensions υοώ plague bodies are ejected within the area under consideration. The ejected particles are sucked into a soar 35 »

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by means of which they are introduced tangentially into the hollow cylindrical body of the two-stage Venturi injector I. Measurements about "- sized particles are correspondingly reduced by re-grinding in injector I and then immediately reintroduced into the torus through the combination tube or nozzle 2, In Pig . 6 the paths followed by the heavier and lighter plague particles are indicated by arrows. It is very important that the two-stage Venturi injector ISO can be designed so that the particulate material is initially introduced into the cave chamber, or so that it is completely separate from the material feed and is reserved exclusively for the return cycle, which is specified in FIg ₁ . 5 illustrated injector 1 can be reserved exclusively for the reverse cycle process »in which case the veturizufuhrinjektor 22 can be the only means of supplying partial material to the" racetrack "torus RT /

Regardless of whether a counting takes place entirely or in principle in the main injector or not or only partially in the latter and partially - by vortex movement - in the mill chamber, which is connected to the auxiliary fluid nozzles or jet nozzles, a jet energy mill according to the invention in a Unit to accomplish the separate processes of grinding, the classification of the dimensions, the return of excessively large particles to the grinding zone or the grinding zone and the collection of the pulverized product of a fineness in the micron range or submicron range vortex virtue of their training all these functions cause Bs is possible superimposed in one and the same device! Behrare Mahlkauaaern vors2usehen ₉ each with its own inlet for extending under a high-speed fluid, but the outlets of the chambers for the ground material run into a common collector>

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Furthermore, according to Pig / 7 i® ideas, it is the present one Invention, several two-stage venturi injectors I for particulate To provide material which are arranged in series, i.e. in cell formation, to provide a "breakdown" achieve eu with centrifugal classifiers (not shown), which are also arranged in series. Geiaäas Pig. compressed air enters at a point 36. There are a Pipe divider 37 for compressed air, a common inlet pipe 33 for particulate material and individual material inlets 39 is provided in the areas of these inlets the dry material is introduced into the compressed air and, after either the preparatory or the final grinding in the venturi injectors I, runs from this over Pipes Λ0 into a pipe distributor 41 for ground material, which let "broken down" with the centrifugal classifiers.

As already explained, a cyclone emler 19 / and in FIG. 5 a cyclone emler 30 are illustrated in FIG. The StfindardzyklonsaBDBler is a typiaeh®® example of the correct formation of solid surface areas, and the desired effects of the hydrodynamic flow are required. If so a. _S is eiagsführt mixture of gas and Feststofftsilches oahesu tangentially into a cone are ά. The force © on solid particles is directed against the Spits © dee cone , in which way a separation © Eslelt is created. The © represents one of the well-founded Haturgösatse dsr, on which® »Äi © formation of an inventive mill is based.

It was found that the efficiency of the collection can be improved by using a cyclo-oil for very fine particles suspended in eiaesi gas, the process is carried out in two stages. The effective radius of the particles can be increased in this way, - and the effective density can be decreased, by spraying a jet of water (to provide drops of suitable size) provided near the far end of the conical cyclone

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in a similar pall through the normal ones mentioned above Cyclonic forces driven against the tip of the cone during The movement of the fine Feetetofeilchen takes place,

In this two-stage process, the Trojans run near the tip of the cone through a heated zone * which is represented by a steam jacket, whereby the water evaporates, but the solid particles are still driven against the tip of the cone by the cyclone forces and into the collector as a dry product « intreten. A two-stage collection of the ground and k " ¹ - 3s;. Fourth immersion of fineness in the micron range or sub-micron range '! Laying by the 7yiclone is shown in Fig. 8, 9 In Fig. 8, a mill chamber MC of flat cylindrical shape or Pan fora! shown similar to the chamber already described * A two-stage Venturi injector for particulate material is provided on this chamber (not illustrated in FIG. 8 for the sake of simplicity, however). A cyclone collector 42 has a lower end section 42a of conical shape and an outlet 43 for ground particles (dust). The collector 42 is surrounded by a steam jacket 44 into which steam generated in a boiler (not shown) is introduced via inlets 45 Steam from the dumbbell 44 runs through a pipe 46 and a valve 47 into an annular steam distributor 46, which surrounds the MUhlenkamaer MC. From this distributor, the steam runs into the MUhlenkamaer through jet nozzles in its wall Instead of running into the Mühlenkaaeer MC, your streams are allowed to flow into a steam trap in the direction of the arrow 49. In the upper end of the cyclone chamber 42 a nozzle belt 50 is provided, into which water is injected at a point 51, around one another Seret & ubteo jet 52 above the wide end of the cone 42a to form, fine solid particles run from the mill chamber MC into the upper end of the collector θ 42 a pipe 53. The steam outlet 54 from the

909881/102 4 baths

Mill chamber leads into the upper end of a steam condenser 55 with a condenser irila3S 56, a condensation mirror 57 is used to control the inlet of it to the condenser, a dashed arrow line 58 in FIG. 8 represents a connection between, the boiler and the condenser. The water droplets are, as mentioned above, towards the point of the cone 42a driven and wipe the ground fine particles of pestilence The wanser of the drops evaporates because the collector walls are heated by steam contained in the steam jacket 44 with the fine particulate matter being kept in a dry state "when they come from the outlet 43 through the Cyclone forces are driven

A part with a radius just above the aforementioned critical effective radius can, as a result of a collision, be broken into two (or more) fragments which differ greatly in their dimensions. These fragments are only all below the critical dimensions and are therefore possibly led to the outside through the outlet $ att changes temporarily for the lower effective radii, for some purposes, such as colors, for the metallurgy au used powder, 'mortar, a distribution such that, if no particle dimensions above a certain effective radius _s, however, all dimensions are below the same, can be described as ideal, however, in other applications the smallest particles were lost. This can occur with drugs, v / o the absorption rate can be critical, or with insecticides, where a particle that is too small is ineffective, whereas a particle that is too large blocks the distribution device. In cases, the dimensions must be between very narrow limits. This can be achieved by the dimensions

909881/1024 bath

! class iermecfaani.smus, which is represented by the hydrodynamic effect alone and the distribution of dimensions gfihr 'sharply at the upper limit: "cuts" _{9 is} combined with a device which effectively removes all particles below a certain dimension. Many standard procedures can be considered for this purpose, so it is not only possible to use a natural or mechanise}! to use under tu ce tf centrifugal classification * but also the pre-fc-agehena "described Abachschlasaierung.

The isolation is based on the fact that in an upwardly directed gas flow small particles are subjected to a force _B which is of relatively greater importance compared to. Its weight is greater than that of large particles. This dimensional classmemeohanism is in principle very similar to that which was described in connection with Fig. 4 for gravity instead of centrifugal force Pig, represents "of the Mahlkaaimer gas leaving is carried by a first stationary die 59 and danauh an adjustable nozzle 60 upward, is then deflected by a shield in the form of an impingement plate 6Ί extends downwardly and Sohl iegslichwiederuiu upward to closures 62 _v whose Settings can be adjusted by rotating control shafts 63. The combined effect of gravity and hydrodynamic processes consists in the fact that the trajectories of small and gj? Osaen solids in space can be designed sear differently, it is possible to make use of this it tJatexgchiedes to ensure that the allerk le-in & t en. Particles; -iSü'a place- are guided, where they are colored or sanded out, the partial foil is usually open to the final outlet "

kaan more in * one case ■■ '" ^:

BATH ORIGINAL

be exploited where the very finest particles derlioh, but a very narrow range of dimensions is to be removed. The blow-down principle can be used without the use of any moving parts (as opposed to merely adjustable parts).

A typical Strömuiigsdi & graMKU relating to a complete, device for grinding particulate solids in accordance with the invention emerges from Pig. 11 ,, Eat stollen here; a raw material; mechanical grinding and sieving; q particulate feed material; ä a two-stage venturi grinding injector; e preparatory coarsely ground material; £ a Pluidstrahleiiergiemühlim classification; £ small particles; h mean Tfilohen; i grouse particles; j [initial derivative _s through which large particles are returned to the two-stage venturi mill injector &; k exne Pluidstrahienergiemahlonen; 1 fine particles, of which the larger ones are returned to the smaller particles £ by an internal derivative m, while the remaining particles at a point η run into a cyclone collector ev ,

In order to obtain an approximate representation of the order of magnitude of the reduction in particle dimensions, which after can be achieved with the process according to the invention, the following information is compiled:

I * Tea leaves or other particulate nutrients about 3 mm maximum size can be reduced to 3-4 micron size particles

2 * Pigments (for colors) ult an initial size corresponding to a British standard sieve of 100 hashes can be reduced to particles of 0 * 1 hikron.

3 Brenne to-f'fe "» the dimensions according to the beginning 100/200 sleeve of a British standard sieve broken can be based on particle sizes of 4-5 Hiltron will be reduced

"009-881 / 102 * ^ß A £>

4 = Soil nutrients with initial dimensions corresponding to 270 meshes of a standard British sieve can be reduced to particle dimensions of, for example, 0.5 microns,

The following table shows the distribution of the particle size of thoriumi'de before and after the treatment in a device according to the invention.

Classification in microns (expressed ale that Proeentzahl which in each

Class falls),

Mes- 0.6 0.6 0.8 1 1.5 2 3 4-5 6 9 12

solution and to to to to to to to to bisbiebisbis

Material no, cyclone un- 0.8 1 1.5 2 3 4.5 6 9 12 18

ter

Thorium - ■. ■ 25, 416, Φ 10ο - 5, 9.5 10.2 5. .9 U 0. «" Λ7 α.2 earth like 1 53 25th 11th 7th 2 1 0 .1 fed - 2 58 16 11th 6 ... 2 1 0 , 2 0.1- - "■: '.- Thorium 3 62 17th 9 1 ' 0 , 5 earth to./
reduction %% 2 3 5 3

1 55 16 10 8 5.7 3.1 1.3 0.7 0.2-

2 60 16 ^ .5 7 £ 4.4 2-3 1.5 9 · ¹ - ''

3 47 21 12 11 6 1.8 0.9 0.3

1 53 18 11.2 9.1 4.8 2.9 0.9 0.1

'? ... ■ 58 17 9 74 4.5 2.1 1-4 0.4 0-2-

3 62 18 8 -5 58 3.2 1.5 0.7 0.4 0.1 »

1 44- 27 .1.3 "" .7.5 4.1 2.5 1.4 0.4 0.1-

2 62 20 8-8 4B 2.3 1.4 0.5 0.2 - -

3 73 15 5.8 32 1 "5 0.8 0.5 0.2 - -

1and 2 57 20th 8th 5 6th 3.5 2 .5 2 , 4 0 « 5 0.1- - - ;::; 5. 59 22nd 8th 1 i.5 0 .9 0. 1 - w ■ «■■,» Q Λ Α t fl M.

BATH

It was explained above that the training of a Mill according to the invention for securing a maximum Efficiency is logically based on established laws of nature, regarding the movement of a solid particle in a Fluid flow must be based. Most of these laws and principles have been discussed above in connection with the drawings However, two further statements should be made below to round off the overview:

1 “Preheating gas or steam results in higher top speeds and more efficient grinding due to the higher velocities of the solid particles.

2 The pre-cooling of Gae as well as the utilization of the cooling, which occurs during expansion can be used to To subdivide pesticides like DDT, which are adhesive and waxy at room temperature, but become brittle when cooled.

The advantages arising from the use of the maturity laws mentioned are in certain cases bought at the cost of the disadvantage of higher operating costs compared to the costs of operating a mechanical mill. Accordingly, another purpose of the present invention is to provide means by which energy consumption (in whatever form) can be substantially reduced with particular reference to its application in the final payment within the fluid jet energy system, avoiding the aforementioned drawback can be. The flow diagram according to FIG. 11 shows schematically the operating cycle, which is only partially responsible for the substantial improvement with regard to the operating costs compared to the use of an external supply of energy. By suitable combination of the combustion mechanieeoe the results from the basic research of the physical state and the behavior of gaseous

will be offsetting the improvements in economic Ar achieved at tens,

Going beyond the explanations of the description in connection with FIG. 11, the following details should also be mentioned: Coal particles lying in the micron size range with a limited excess of air can, as can be seen from a consideration of Pig. 12-14 results, can be used to generate steam at a thermal efficiency level above 92 # - In addition, the best possible use of the sensible heat, which remains in the waste products of combustion, can be used to convert the compressed air at an atmospheric temperature of 16 ⁰ G to 71 ^° C. This results in a very advantageous increase in the pressure or volume of the air used to reduce the supply of coal to the fluid energy coolers for the purpose of producing coal particles with dimensions of one micron, while at the same time maintaining the advantages that are mutually exclusive Use of preheated air for direct incineration results in »The remaining volume of the waste products from incineration can also be used to transfer their sensible heat content to the boiler inlet water at normal performance levels, as would an increase in temperature from atmospheric temperature at 16 ° C under normal operating conditions bi s 82 ⁰ C ensures.

If the advantages of correctly designed nozzles are added to this which are correctly arranged in the meal or the meal can be seen from the results obtained, that a high work efficiency with an associated There is a decrease in operating costs.

According to Fig. 12, the axis of the abscissa e shows the main through * particle size in microns, while the axis is the ordinate v_ indicates the integral grain percentage, in each case during the grinding of coal in a mill, in this case

9098 81/1024 bad original

The well-balanced curves refer to the special diagram on coal exGrakt that. dashed curve on bituminous British "? Coal and the dash-dotted curve on German Peinkohle, the steep curves on the left side of the diagram ·· refer to carbon powder in the Hikron range; for «purposes de · In comparison, the less steep curves relate to after common methods of pulverized coal,

Pig's diagrams. 13, 14 beeiehen calibration on the burning vpn micro dimensions matched coal. Pig. 13 refers to minimum burning times for dimensions of 10 microns. The χ-axis corresponds to the ratio of air to carbon TOO (Nm ⁵ / kg), whereas the y-axis is divided into seconds of burning time. Pig. Ii stalls 4ie Mxlwieii Brenat * eper «turea with particle dimensions of 10 microns 4er, ι where dt ·. χ-Ache · in units of VGO (Ie ⁵ Ae) and the y-AcÄae are divided into Tp ( ⁰ K).

The grinding device according to the invention can, if desired also in another suitable plant or device but progressively reducing the need for behavioral problems Large pieces, chunks or the like of raw material can be built in or combined in order to achieve this Bring the raw material into particle form, which is powdered alloy according to the invention "mäS8 ·" method is suitable. By daa Invention geaäaa · Y «rfahr« B becomes a grinding product with. A peIahelt lying in the micron range or sub-crown range is achieved.

ORIGINAL

609881/1024

ti *

Claims (1)

-? 8 claims experience for grinding a present in particle form ateriala in powder form with dimensions in the micron or submicron range by grinding in a device with a mill chamber, characterized by generating a high-speed stream of high-pressure grinding fluid, increasing the speed to a peak value and then releasing the pressure Fluids and the consequent conversion of the potential energy of compression into kinetic energy in a multi-stage venturi system where the grinding fluid is increased in speed and allowed to relax many times over, introduction of the particulate material transversely into the high-speed flow of the grinding fluid at the point where this is allowed to relax for the first time, the material and fluid being mixed so thoroughly that self-grinding of the particles occurs by impact, and introduction of the fluid as well as the entrained particulate material into the mill _{chamber y} whereby particles of different dimensions are separated and classified " 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the size reduction of the particles is carried out essentially completely in the four-stage Venturi units / 3 * Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the particles merely preparatory in the multi-stage venturi nozzle system coarsely ground and inside the mill chamber, be finely ground. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that gekennaeicb.net Excessive particles for regrinding into a multi-stage Venturidüeenayetem be returned. Ö0988T / 102A BAD ORKSiMAL 5 "A method according to claim 1 for carrying out in a mill, characterized in that the grinding of the Teilchenabmeasung £ 5kla3c> ation and collection are performed de3 milled material by forming different vertebrae of a hydrodynamic flow, swirling motion and possibly shock fronts in different parts of the mill so that a Peststoffteilchen suffers sen a greater number of collision, said conditions of the arrival by a suitable arrangement of nozzles corresponding formation of Pestkörpergrenzflächen and regulation of the pressure and the temperature of the high-velocity Pluides be achieved and wherein the particles of the highest possible Collision energy is communicated in relation to their remaining fragility «, 6- The method according to claim 5f, characterized by an automatic classification of the solid particles present according to their dimensions within a vortex, which represents a classification area, whereby particles below and above a certain Abaessungbereiches are led to an outlet or back into a grinding zone. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the particles and the grinding fluid which leave the classifying area are aligned along paths which generate further dimensional classification through the combined effects of hydrodynamic forces under gravity, 8, method according to claim 5 »characterized in that hydro · dynamic forces, which by appropriate design ron Pesticide boundary surfaces are formed for propelling the solid particles against a saamel area. 9. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that particles of different dimensions are distributed exactly starting at a certain maximum size old a steady distribution ^ finer dimensions ". . _Ä · BAD ORIGINAL «09081/1024 10-. The method of claim 1 for carrying out in a mill, characterized in that large particulates sohneil i in certain parts of the mill in the course of a Rückzyklusvorgangeβ "- redound to be transmitted, where they are subjected to a further grinding process, _.. 11, device for performing the method according to a of claims 10, characterized in that to the chamber (MG or RT) a venture injector (I) for particulate Material with an inlet nozzle (ι) runs through which a high velocity stream of high pressure milling fluid can flow that an inlet (4) adjacent to the Nozzle is provided to feed particulate matter into the injector Introduce material that the inside of the entrance nozzle first at a certain point (1a) to a proportionate Narrow neck (Ib) constricts, which is used to increase the speed of the grinding fluid flowing through to a tip speed is developed, and then (position 1c) outwardly sen expanded to a relatively larger diameter, a relaxation of the flow and a resultant one Conversion of the potential energy of compression into kinetic energy to achieve and that a coaxial venturi (2) is provided with a narrowed part (2a) in which the entrance thesis (.1) runs, and an extended part (2c) is connected to the mill chamber (HC or RT), the Injector not only has an internal »- sive mixing of the material as well as the fluid but also causes the particles to self-grind by impact. 12ο device according to claim 11, characterized in that the inlet nozzle (1) within a hollow cylindrical body (5) is arranged with a tangential inlet (4) for particulate material is provided, and the material is introduced into the high velocity fluid stream flowing from the The nozzle goes out at the point (Ic), the fluid being allowed to relax after passing through the narrow neck (1b) " 909881/1024 ■ BATHROOM 13o The apparatus of claim 11 _v characterized in that the major dimension reduction takes place within the injector (I) for the particulate material, said di * Mtthlenka "- mer (MC or RT) by virtue of its design mainly the effect einaa TeilchenabmessungsklaBSierers has, and bit of the chamber (34, 35) components are provided for returning the oversized particles for the purpose of renewed grinding, 14 »Device according to claim 11, characterized in that the injector (I) for the particulate material is designed as a grinding direction for preparatory and coarse grinding, whereby the rest of the mill carries out both the operations of a fine grinding, namely by vortex movement, and a particle clawing in one continuous operation. 15 · Device according to claim 14, characterized in that the MUhlenkamaer (MC or RT) by virtue of their geometrical form represents an endless path, which at least one mill fine and contains a classification area, and that several beams (9 or 25) are supplied to the MUhlenkamaer by compressed auxiliary gas or superheated steam and extend tangentially or essentially tangentially with respect to the endless flow path, these rays in the chamber not only have a classifying area. rich in the manner of a fluid vortex, but also a secondary Generate circulation, which is an automatic classification of Should bring solid particles as a result of your Abaeeeungen are present, with particles below and above a certain dimension range to an outlet «(19 or 28) at *, see also the grinding zone. 16. The device according to claim 14, characterized in that -the Mühlenkanseer both with an outlet (19 or 28) through which fine particles can run after classification, as well as with an adjustable device (34) «n the quays ·· '? - <. V ', BATH • 0918.1 wall are provided to remove larger particles from the can eject and into a multi-stage venturi injector for to initiate further grinding and reintroduction into the chamber * · ' 1-7 »Device according to claim 11, characterized by a - Collection area, "in which solid material boundary surfaces are formed, in order to generate hydrodynamic forces, -soft the solid particles drive against a SaminelbeliältRr-. 18a device. according to claim 17? marked by a Zyklonssrnmler (42) -, the components (SQ in Fig. 8). assigned are to an atomized water jet (52) close to the wide End of the cyclone to.generate, and further components (44, 45) to heat the tip of the cone for the specified purpose. 19 * Device according to claim 11 ",. Characterized by a · mechanical dimensioning classifier for generating a dimension distribution with a narrow passage area. For Mr. aeorge E.K. Blythe, Ph.D. CUNWaFHIiCKtOlH ₁ -NWaIOHl 909881 / Ί024 BATH