DE2218970A1 - PROCESS AND EQUIPMENT FOR CRUSHING SOLIDS - Google Patents

Description

Dr.-lng. Wilhelm Reicliel DipL-Ing. Wolfgang Keichel

6 Fiankiuii a. M. 1
Parkstrasse 13

7031

LONE STAR INDUSTRIES, Inc. Greenwich, Connecticut, VStA

Process and device for comminuting solids ..

The invention relates to the treatment of solid material, such as ores, and relates to a method and a device for the comminution or size reduction of solids, especially ores. The comminution process of the invention reduces valve wear and provides for its implementation an extremely economical and reliable facility.

The method consists essentially in that a container forming a first zone is charged with solids of a certain particle size and a compressible working medium is introduced into this first zone until a certain pressure level is reached. The pressurized working fluid is then allowed to expand by allowing it to exit the first zone into a channel, which converts part of the thermal energy of the working fluid into kinetic energy and also causes solids in the expanding working fluid to be entrained and carried over the length of the channel is accelerated, whereupon the mixed flow of working medium and solids reaches a second zone. In the method of the invention, the solid material is exposed to shock phenomena when it emerges from the first zone, subjected to further impact phenomena when it flows through the channel , as well as additional ones

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Pushing as it exits the channel into the second zone; in addition, the solid is accelerated when it flows through the channel and emerges from it, causing impact forces which further increase the crushing effect and size reduction.

Furthermore, in the method of the invention, the accelerated mixed flow of working medium and solid is subjected to impact forces, namely initially during the flow through the channel due to the collision between the particles and then when exiting the second zone either by hitting the Material on a solid baffle in the second zone or using a double system by colliding with the high speed moving flow of working fluid and solids from the one plant with the high speed owning Flow of working medium and solid matter from the other system, whereby this collision takes place in a common second zone and triggers additional forces acting on the material, dxe cause further shredding and size reduction.

The system contains in the connection area between the first zone and the sewer and in the connection area between the Channel and the second zone means for generating shock phenomena in order to achieve an increased comminution and size reduction in these areas. A quick opening valve is in the channel between the first and second zones arranged, and the working fluid, which is stored in the first zone, is between this valve and the first zone introduced into the canal. By virtue of this point of introduction for the working medium, the channel is opened before the valve kept free of solids, and this measure together with the arrangement of the quick-opening valve sufficiently far downstream of the first zone ensures that the valve has time to transition to the fully open position so that

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no pesticide can hit the valve body and thus excessive Valve wear is avoided and the life of the valve is extended. In addition, the quick opening of the Valve allows rapid expansion of the working medium, which is a prerequisite for the creation of a 'rapid Flow and for the generation of shock phenomena.

The invention primarily relates to a method in the one for the purpose of comminuting anisotropic solids Charge amount of these substances in a first zone, a compressible working medium, is added to the solids in the expanding work equipment through a channel into a second zone be carried by lower pressure and shock phenomena when Passage through a nozzle and channel connection between the two zones must be subjected to effective comminution and size reduction of the fabric. "-

The invention also provides a device for carrying out the method, which is characterized by a first container, a second container, a channel between the containers through which the solid matter carried in the working medium can flow over from the first into the second container, a converging nozzle as a connection between the first container and the channel, 'of a shape and size that allow a rapid expansion and acceleration of the working medium to a high speed, so that the working medium flowing around the entrained particles of the pesticide generates local zones of supersonic flow and shock phenomena to which the particles are subject, and thereby causing a comminution and size reduction. -.--. ' ^r

Another feature of the invention is a working means for the application of the material to be comminuted in the container introduced into the channel at a point between the first container and a quick-opening valve, so that a

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Section of the channel between the quick-opening valve and the first container initially essentially free of pesticides is flushed with the valve positioned far enough downstream of the first container in the channel that the valve is fully open Can take position before pesticide flowing into the channel from the first container enters the valve, and so on excessive wear of the valve is avoided.

Another feature of the invention provides for a comminution by means of High velocity streams of pesticides entering an impact zone this arrangement is suitable for use in a double plant in which a high velocity pesticide flow hits another high velocity stream of pesticides and the impact forces thus generated serve to reduce the To increase the size reduction and size reduction of the solid material.

According to a further feature of the invention is the second container designed so that there is a three-dimensional flow of the mixed flow of working fluid and pesticide in a one-dimensional Flow converts with a single orbit axis and thus an excessive impact or accumulation on the surfaces of the Second zone forming container avoids, whereby the discharge of the comminuted material is facilitated from the second zone. Such a device is economical and reliable in operation and no blockages in the first container, even more essential Exposed to erosion or abrasion of its components.

Another feature is that the channel between the first and second zones with the second zone by a divergent Nozzle is connected and has such a length that the mixed flow reaches a sufficient speed therewith a throttled flow at the entrance to the diverging nozzle is generated, through which the mixed current at the input.

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speed, whereupon when passing through the diverging nozzle is accelerated to supersonic speed, which leads to the fact that the pesticides in the mixed flow shock phenomena get abandoned.

Further features and advantages of the invention emerge from the The following description, along with claims and the attached drawings, in which the invention is explained or explained by way of example. is illustrated. In the drawings show;

1 shows a diagram of a plant for carrying out the method the invention;

Pig. 2 is an enlarged view of the connecting channel between the charging container and the receiving container;

Pig. 3 shows a cross section through the spiral or helical Receiving container after line 3-3 in Pig. 25th

Pig. 4 shows a diagram of a double system with a common receptacle for both individual systems;

Pig. 5 is an enlarged view, partially in section, of FIG common receptacle;

Pig. 6 is a diagram of a double plant according to the earlier US Pat. No. 3,257,080.

In a first embodiment of the invention, according to Pig. 1 a first zone A connected to a second zone G by a channel B. The flow through channel B is through a fast opening valve regulated. A converging nozzle E connects the outlet of the first zone to channel B, while the the other end of the channel is connected to the second zone via a diverging nozzle P.

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Zone A is used to absorb the pest, the size of which is reduced shall be. A compressible working medium, such as water vapor, is introduced into zone A through a supply line G, which communicates with the channel B between the valve D and the converging port E. During initiation of the working medium, valve D is closed. The introduction of the work equipment into zone A continues, until a predetermined pressure is reached by which potential energy is stored in zone A; the predetermined pressure is adapted to the desired size reduction to which the respective item to be treated is to be subjected.

The expression "compressible working medium" used here should not only include water vapor but any gases and vapors, who can do useful work in expansion. The term "pesticides" is used here as being equivalent with the terms "solid particles", "solid matter" and "solid substance" used and denotes the material to be treated.

The quick opening valve is operated to trigger a sudden flow from the first zone A to the second zone C. As soon as the valve is open, a rapid flow of the mixture of the working medium and the particles of the pesticide begins one that has been swept away by the work equipment; as will be explained later, the solid particles Subject to shock phenomena when they emerge from the nozzle E. Channel B is of such a length that there is enough time for a maximum transfer of kinetic energy from the working medium is available on the solid particles such that the particles are accelerated to a high speed until the time of their entry into the diverging nozzle P. While flowing through the channel B, the particles subject to additional shock phenomena. In the area of the diverging nozzle, the mixed flow is made up of the working medium

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and solid particles are accelerated to supersonic speed, which subjects the particles to further impact phenomena. Thereon the mixed flow of working medium and solid particles enters the second zone.

The cross-section of the discharge from the second zone is wide enough so that no back pressure effect is generated in this zone, which could oppose the effective utilization of the kinetic energy of the mixed flow when entering this zone.

The mixed flow is discharged from zone C through a diverging shaft Ή, which is connected to a cyclone separator 1 stands. This shaft is designed to diverge so that the flow to the cyclone is slowed down. The work equipment will preferably withdrawn from the cyclone separator I at the upper end} but the working medium or part of it can also be used on the lower end can be pulled off at low speed. 'The solids are discharged at the lower end of the separator.

The device used to carry out the method of the invention contains a container 10 which forms zone A. There are valves and a hopper 12 at the top for charging of the container 10 attached. The valve can be operated by a suitable device 11a, pneumatic or otherwise Way is driven. The container 10 has a decreasing cross-section in its lower region 13 and is at the lower end End through an eccentric outlet 14 with the further end of the converging nozzle E in connection. The closer end this connecting piece is connected to the channel B.

The substance to be treated is fed into the hopper 12 after it has been prepared beforehand to produce a suitable charge to obtain. When valve 11 is opened, the substance enters the container 10, which forms zone A,

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The size of the container is subject to large fluctuations and depends on the operating mode.

After the desired amount of solid substance has been introduced into the loading zone, the working fluid becomes, below referred to as water vapor or steam, let into the supply line G from a feed line 15 through a control valve 16. Two inlet openings 16a and 16b for the connection of the Supply line G are located in the channel B preferably at diametrically opposite points. To the working fluid in the To initiate channel B. The use of opposing openings is useful because a single inlet opening could give rise to the one entering at high speed Steam tears open or heats up the opposite side of channel B. The inlet ports 16a and 16b are located in the Channel B between the quick-opening valve D and the converging nozzle E, so that the working fluid through channel B to Container 10 flows because valve D is closed at this time. By introducing the work equipment in this way, channel B is essentially blown empty of solid particles and the working medium enters at the lower end of the container 10 a so that a bubble or fluidized bed is created in the container. The introduction of the working equipment at the lower end of the container also causes relatively small particles to be transported to the top of the bed. By this reverse Classification prevents clogging of the emptying zone with fine particles.

In the practice of the apparatus of the invention, a wide range in the pesticide to working fluid ratio can be used. For example, with saturated water vapor of 450 psi (pounds per square inch) = around 30 at pressure ^ rώπ the range can change up to about 200: 1. The volume of solid to working medium is filled with solid to be treated by the extent to which the container 10 is filled

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is, and determined by the amount of work equipment introduced ". The pressure of the working fluid introduced into the container 10 is also subject to change over a wide range, usually between 50 and 2000 psia = around 3.5 to 140 atu. The selected pressure depends on the item to be treated and the desired one Degree of comminution.

The valve D is shown as a rotary valve on its shaft a suitable actuator 18 engages. The valve has a full passage, i.e. when the valve is open its through opening is at least as large as the diameter of the channel B. As mentioned above, the valve is fast opening so that after the pesticide in the first zone A has been pressurized, the valve opens instantly to the Suddenly giving in to pressure and letting the mixed flow of working medium and solids pass into and through channel B.

One of the important features of the invention is the arrangement of the valve D at a sufficient distance 'from the zone A, so that the Valve is fully open before a particulate enters the valve body. The practical application of the invention has shown that without the protection of the valve by such an arrangement the force of the pesticide moving at high speed through channel A and against the closing element of the valve moves, the valve wears out and is damaged very quickly. In the present embodiment, the fast Opening the valve in connection with the arrangement of the valve well below the container 10 ensures that the valve fully open, has before a substantial number of solid particles passes through. This advantage is promoted by the fact that the working medium flows through the channel B in the opposite direction to the exit direction the pesticide from the container 10 is introduced into the latter; for in this way the canal becomes through the means of work this point essentially free, rinsed of solid matter «if

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therefore, the valve is subsequently opened and the flow is triggered, the material must get from the container 10 to the valve, so that there is sufficient time to move the valve to the fully open position before the solid particles reach it. In practical operation it has been found that satisfactory results are achieved if the valve is operated in less than 20 milliseconds opens.

When the valve D moves into the open position, the mixed flow passes from the first zone in the container 10 through the converging connector S into the channel B. part of the enthalpy of the working medium is converted into kinetic energy. The entrained pesticides are only slightly accelerated, while the work equipment reaches its maximum speed at the outlet of the nozzle. The high speed of the working medium relative to the speed of the solid causes the creation of local zones of supersonic flow on the irregular surfaces of the pesticide. Since these local zones are strongly swirled by supersonic flow, shock waves of great force are generated in these thin zones; because the overshoot zones are bound to the pests, the shocks are also bound to the pests, so that the pests are subject to these shocks as they flow through the port.

As an example of the relative velocities at the outlet of connection E into channel B, the velocity of the working fluid is in the order of magnitude of 1100 to 1200 fps (feet per secoxid) = around 330 to 360 m / s, while the velocity of the solids is less than 30 fps = around 10 m / s. Since the speed of the work equipment, relative to the speed of the solid, is more than 1100 fps = around 330 m / s, corresponding to a

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Mach number from 0.6 to 0.7, the above-mentioned shock waves are generated on the surfaces of the solid particles. · As the shock occur on the irregular surfaces of the pesticide, attack the impacts on the surfaces of the pest and propagate through this', whereby they give way or Cause breaking along planes of discontinuity.

The converging nozzle E is in its porm, inclusive its size and length, subject to considerable variations; in practical operation it has emerged that a surface area ratio from its wide end to its narrow end from 3: 1 to 8: 1, preferably 4: 1. Its construction must a smooth inlet to the nozzle and a well rounded converging one Have section at the outlet of the nozzle in the channel B. It is preferable that the nozzle be eccentrically shaped is like from Pig. 2 can be seen, such that the lower wall part of the connecting piece is in the same plane as the lower wall part of the container outlet H and the lower wall part of the channel B, creating a smooth uninterrupted flow of the mixture from working fluid and pesticide from the lower end of the container 10 through the nozzle e into the channel B is guaranteed.

When the mixed flow passes through channel B, the pesticides are subjected to further shock phenomena because the working fluid continues to be accelerated to a greater extent than the entrained solids and local areas with supersonic flow generated. During the entire path of the mixed flow through channel B, the velocity of the pesticide increases and the Work equipment. In a channel of optimal length the entire flow at the end of the channel is the same speed. When the mixed flow enters the diverging nozzle, will the working fluid in the diverging nozzle further accelerates and the fine particles become at the expense of the largest Part of the kinetic energy accelerated by that diabatic Expansion of the working medium in the divergent

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Nozzles. From the nozzle F the flow enters the second zone C, that of a spiral or screw-shaped Receiving container 19 is formed. The second zone can serve as a shock chamber and contain a baffle plate 20, which is described in Pig. is indicated by dashed lines and is arranged by way of the mixed flow entering the chamber.

The diverging nozzle is generally conical and its size is. Shape and length are subject to considerable fluctuations. For example, the ratio of its exit area to its entry area can vary from approximately 2: 1 to 10: 1; his The length is so great that the half-angle of the divergence is preferably not more than 15. The entry end or the neck has the same diameter as channel B, and since the entire flow has been accelerated to the speed of sound, the well-known impact effect on the neck of the diverging nozzle. Therefore, when the mixed flow exits the nozzle, the supersonic velocity of the mixed flow lead to shock phenomena occurring in the nozzle. The particles are subjected to these shock phenomena and experience an additional reduction in size.

From the nozzle F the mixed flow runs through the expanding Inlet 21, the main part of the working medium and the solid in a to the main axis of the nozzle at right angles Direction deflects. The entire mixed flow exits into the helical chamber 19 which forms the zone G. As stated, The impact or baffle plate 20 can be arranged in the zone C, with its surface in one to the axis of the channel B. vertical plane. It is placed at a sufficient distance from the nozzle F to allow the free expansion and flow of the Mixed flow not to disturb, but dense enough to ensure that the central part of the flow is against it at high speed bounces. Thus, in addition to the other impact

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phenomena to which the particles are subjected, .the particles Exposed to impact forces that cause a further reduction in size. It is to be assumed that / with the movement of the substance through the channel B a radial classification of the same takes place, ■ such that the larger particles to or near the center or the axis of the channel and the smaller particles move along the walls of the channel. By attaching a baffle plate, the surface of which lies in such a way that particles ejected from the channel at high speed hit it hit, these particles are subjected to large impact forces. This leads to additional breaking or smashing of the Particles because they rebound elastically and hit each other. hit.

The .feine substance and the boundary layer, which from the channel B with occur at high speed, strive to the inner inclined surface of the nozzle F and the curved surface of the inlet 21 to adhere and thereby a part of the working medium and the fine particles out of the axial direction deflect when the mixed flow enters the chamber 19. The heavier Festtej.lchen hit against the plate 20 and against each other.

From Pig. 3, which shows a cross section of the helical chamber 19, it can be seen that the mixed flow into the chamber enters parallel to the generating axis of the spiral. The work equipment and solids initially move when entering the spiral chamber in all directions and some particles hit the inner wall of the chamber, causing further impact get abandoned. The spiral or snail shape of the chamber gives the work equipment and the crushed pesticides a rotating movement so that the working fluid and the pesticides to the exit end 19a of the chamber in a one-dimensional direction be steered.

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The chamber 19 acts as an aid to converting a three-dimensional Flow of the mixed flow into a one-dimensional flow, which is aligned with the longitudinal direction of the shaft H. It is evident that during the period of the pestilence have moved through the facility into the second zone, a size reduction or comminution of these pesticides is effective has been carried out.

From the helical chamber 19, which is the shock or receiving zone forms, the work equipment and the crushed pesticides move through the shaft H down into the cyclone separator I. Here the separation takes place by preferably emptying the pesticides down through a pipe 24 and the working medium be discharged upward through a pipe 25-.

The ore or other material to be treated is used in the company introduced into the container 10 forming zone A through the feed hopper 12 and the feed valve. After this Zone A is loaded with the pest, valve 11 is closed and inlet valve 16 opened to the working fluid through line G in.den channel B and from there into the lower end of the container 10 to enter. If necessary, part of the working medium can be supplied through an auxiliary line 15a which is fed into the Container 10 opens at the upper end and the flow rate is regulated by a valve 15b. The supply of the work equipment continues until the pressure in the container 10 has reached the desired operating pressure, whereupon the valves 16 and 15b are closed will. The introduction of steam is expediently carried out as quickly as possible in order to keep condensation to a minimum.

The quick-opening valve D in channel B is opened, either simultaneously with the closing of valves 16 and 15a or immediately thereafter to establish a connection between the lower end of zone A and channel B. When the 'opening of the

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Valve D begins, the solid particles in the lower end of the container 10 are essentially at rest during the. Working medium immediately flows through the nozzle into the channel, where it flows around the particles at high speed. That The speed ratio of the working medium to the solid particles results in a supersonic state, which can thus be defined can that local zones of supersonic, sonic, and subsonic flow occur together in the stream. The supersonic zones are formed on the surfaces of the solid particles that are hit by the flow of working medium. As known, kick Shock waves occur in these supersonic zones because the flow is made up of expansion waves that propagate downstream and out Compression waves exist that propagate against the direction of flow. The compression waves overtake each other Generation of shock waves, so that the solid is subjected to shock waves that arise in the supersonic zones that are attached to the Surfaces of the pesticides adhere. Therefore, when opening the Valve D provides such conditions that the solid 'particles in the flow are exposed to shock waves.

When shocks are transmitted into a pesticide particle, and encountering a discontinuity, such as a crystal face, a fracture plane or a free surface, will be a new collision reflected back, while the incident impact is transmitted through the material ahead. The amplitude of the reflected and the shock transmitted depends on the nature of the discontinuity; under suitable conditions can 'incident Impacts are reflected in such a way that tension is generated which results in breakage at crystal interfaces Has. This causes not only an outwardly directed shattering, but because of the forces which the 'contaminants in individual Crystals or grains separate, there are predominantly tensile forces

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there is little tendency for the grains themselves to break and there is little tendency for incomplete separation at interfaces of crystals. Therefore, the method effects a clean and discreet separation of the grains of the material. This discreet separation is beneficial in reducing or crushing many substances in size.

It can be assumed that the effectiveness of the shredding device the invention is primarily due to the fact that typical substances such as ores or minerals are far weaker are against tension than against pressure; when treated in the special catfish, solid particles are easier to crush or to be reduced in size than if this were done by conventional crushers or grinders.

At the entrance to channel B, the speed of the work equipment accelerates rapidly while the acceleration of the solid is just beginning. As explained above, the speed ratio of the working fluid and the pesticides results in a supersonic flow, in which local zones of supersonic, sonic and subsonic flows occur together. Supersonic zones arise at the surface of the pesticides and generate shock waves that are bound to the particles and travel through the pesticides propagate, causing a breakup at discontinuity surfaces.

By arranging a duct of sufficient length and substantially the same cross-sectional area over this length, energy is transferred from the working medium to the pesticides and reached the mixed flow of work materials and pesticides has a high speed. It is desirable to set the mixed current to a high To accelerate speed, so that when it is ejected into the diverging nozzle P impact phenomena in the nozzle appear. In addition, if a baffle plate is arranged in the

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Recording zone C increased the size reduction due to the impact at high speed.

The mixed flow leaves channel B at the speed of sound which is specific to this particular type of flow. Therefore the flow in nozzle F changes to supersonic speed and shock waves are generated, which further the particles Subject to forces that diminish their size. As the flow moves through the nozzle, the working fluid expands and exits into zone G at supersonic speed.

If a baffle plate is provided in zone 0, the larger particles in the mixed flow that are in or near the The axis of the mixed flow strives to bounce vigorously against the plate at high speed. This impact does not just cause another. Breaking or shattering the particles, but also an elastic rebound that leads to Collisions between the particles will result if, the · particles of jump back from the impact surface. This increases the collision of larger particles with one another. favored and one causes additional size reduction. The screw-shaped chamber 19, which forms zone 0, forces the working fluid to produce the comminuted Solids a rotating motion and directs them to the outlet 19a.

The working fluid and the particles are removed from zone 0 by the Shaft H led down into the cyclone separator I. Here the particles are separated and passed through a discharge line 24 emptied while the working fluid escapes through an upper outlet 25.

Although it can be assumed that the size reduction and comminution of the solids is primarily caused by that the solids on their way through the plant

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voltages are subjected to some support due to thermal shock. When water vapor is used as a working medium is used, heat is introduced into the material and as the process proceeds, this heat can be used to expand the surface layers of the particles may be the reason for the beginning of the .waxing or breaking. The sudden expansion de3 Working fluid when it exits zone C can also make a contribution by releasing additional energy, which acts on the solids. In any case, the practical operation has has shown that a device of the type described herein can effectively reduce the size and size of solids Substances.

A second embodiment of the invention according to Pig '. 4 and 5 has two separate system parts of the type described above, which work in opposite directions to each other.

According to FIG. 4, the first plant I comprises the same components as before, namely a loading zone A, a converging nozzle E, a channel B, a quick-opening valve D and a diverging nozzle F. The second system II has the same parts A, B, D, E, F. The double system has a common zone or shock chamber C '.

For both systems I and II, channel B is connected to the common zone G ^{1 via the diverging nozzle F.} The zone 0 'is formed by a spiral or screw-shaped chamber 19b, which is similar in its structure to the chamber 19 with the exception that the two nozzles F open in opposite directions on opposite sides of the screw into the chamber.

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Inside the chamber 19a are two baffles 26 and 27 (Pig. 5) attached, which are arranged at a distance from one another and to the end of the nozzle P. Each plate has a central opening 28, in which a ring or bush 29 made of hardened material is inserted. The baffles 26 and 27 are with their openings 28 in axial alignment with the axis of the associated Nozzles P blowing into chamber G '. The baffles are spaced so that they do not have any counteracting back pressure generate which could impair the free flow of the mixed stream as it enters zone C. Against it the plates are close enough to the end of the nozzle to ensure that the central portion of each flow is through the Opening 28 enters and encounters the countercurrent »The spacing between the plates is not critical, but the plates should be far enough apart to allow the material to drain freely from the space between the plates, after the collision has occurred.

As mentioned above, as the material passes through each channel B at high speed, a radial classification of the material occurs such that the majority of the larger particles are concentrated in or near the axis or central part of each channel, while the finer material and part of the working fluid tries to adhere to the inner surface of the channels and nozzles and is deflected radially outward. If the ends of the baffles 26 and 27 are properly positioned with respect to the channels, the central part of each of the mixed streams of working fluid and pesticide will pass through the opening 29 of its baffle and collide with and collide with the other stream. Since the streams travel at ^{high speed when entering the zone O 1} , the collision between the two central parts of the streams obviously makes a large additional contribution to the size reduction of the particles. The baffles are

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also act to deflect the smaller particles which abut the plates in a direction radial to their axis.

The arrangement in which two particle streams collide with one another at high speed has proven to be particularly satisfactory if the system according to FIG. 1 is used as the basis, the double system not needing to contain all the individual components of that system. As long as an installation generates a flow of particles at high speed which is ejected into a second or receiving zone, this arrangement offers significant advantages.

As an example, a scheme of a double plant is shown in Fig. 6, in which the method and the device according to the earlier US patent 3 257 080 are used. Appendix I contains a first zone AA, a channel BB with a control valve DD and an inlet line GG for a work item. Appendix II contains the same components, and both systems are with their channels BB on a common second or joint zone GC connected.

The zone CG contains spaced perforated plates 26 and 27 with a central opening 28. The mode of operation and the Type of collision of the streams at high speed with crushing and size reduction due to the impact forces are the same as above with reference to a double system, which is based on the structure of a single system according to Fig. 1, is described.

Obviously, the energy of the currents charged with high velocities is converted into impact forces, which the particles are exposed to are subject to, therefore, the crushing or size reduction that occurs in the plant of the invention due to the impact forces which are triggered by the violent collision of the two streams at high speed.

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It is clear that in the embodiment of the device according to According to the invention, the larger particles, which have escaped comminution in each duct and nozzle area, violently collide with one another. Because every stream moves at a high speed moved, extremely large impact forces are triggered, which further crushing or size reduction of these particles cause in the collision zone between the plates 26 and 27 takes place. The violent impact of the two streams creates tremendous turbulence in the collision zone, which is mutual Causes impact and collision between the particles, which contributes to a further size reduction of the particles.

As described above, the system includes a quick-acting quick-opening valve in the channel connecting the first zone with the second zone connects. It is important that there be sudden opening of the channel, although preference is given to the valve is to be given, other devices, such as a bursting membrane, can of course also be used. When a bursting membrane is used, this is to be designed so that it withstands a predetermined pressure, namely the pressure that the material in the first Zone to be exposed; when this predetermined pressure is reached, the membrane breaks, causing the channel to suddenly open and the flow of the passage is released, as described above with respect to the valve.

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Claims (1)

Claims 1. Process for reducing the size of an anisotropic solid, characterized in that the solid is introduced into a feed zone is, a compressible working fluid is introduced into the loading zone until a predetermined pressure in this zone is reached, a mixed flow of working medium and solids from the charging zone is introduced into a channel is, the solid particles at the exit of the mixed stream from the feed zone and when entering the Channel shock phenomena are subjected to size reduction of the particles, and the mixed flow of working media and solids are transferred to a receiving zone after passing through the channel, 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized characterized in that the solid in the feed zone a certain amount of working medium is added, a sudden expansion of the working medium in the channel emanating from the loading zone is triggered, the solid being carried along in the working medium flow, the speed of the working medium when exiting the loading zone into the Channel is increased and so shock waves are generated, which act on the solid particles and change their size reduce, and the mixed flow of working medium and particles is directed from the channel into the receiving zone, whose sufficiently wide outlet opening does not exert any back pressure on the mixed flow entering this zone and so a free expansion of the working medium with full utilization of the available energy for further use Size reduction of the solid allows. 309808 / 07U 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized marked that the 'plague on hits a baffle in the receiving zone = 4. The method according to claim 1, 2 or 3 »characterized in that the working equipment introduced into the loading zone through the channel outgoing from it and so the channel flows through in the opposite direction in which the mixed flow of working medium and pesticide subsequently emerges from the charging zone. 5 * A method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the discharge of the mixed stream from the duct into the receiving zone by a diverging nozzle at the exit end of the channel is carried through. 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in, that the pesticide particles pass through the mixed flow from work equipment and pesticides are subjected to further shock phenomena through the canal. 7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in, that the pesticide particles when the mixed flow emerges from the channel and its entry into the receiving zone be subjected to additional shock phenomena. 8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mixed flow of working medium and pesticide the receiving zone through a canal of essentially 309808 / 07U Union constant cross-section is fed, such that energy loss due to radial expansion of the flow prevents as well as an increased velocity of the solids in the stream is generated. 9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the speed of the working medium after exiting the loading zone is increased by gradually narrowing the mixed flow of working medium and pesticide on the way from the loading zone to the channel. 10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that solids are introduced into a charging zone of a first system, a compressible working medium is introduced into the charging zone in a certain amount and at a certain pressure for the purpose of applying the solid, the mixed flow of working medium and solid in a channel emanating from the charging zone is introduced as part of the first plant, the mixed flow is subjected to shock phenomena on the way from the charging zone to a receiving zone, the mixed flow is discharged from the channel at a high speed so that solids are introduced into a charging zone of a second plant is, a compressible working fluid is introduced in a certain amount and at a certain pressure into the charging zone of the second plant for the purpose of loading the solid, a mixed flow of working medium and solid is fed into a channel emanating from the charging zone of the second plant l is introduced as part of the second plant, the mixed flow on the way from the charging zone of the second plant to a receiving zone is subjected to the same impact phenomena that mixing 309808/071 U current discharged from the sewer at high speed is, and that part of the pesticide particles emerging from the channel of the first plant with part of the Channel of the second plant escaping pesticide particles is brought to a collision while reducing the size of the same. 11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in i without t that the particles in Exit area of the loading zone of the first system and in the exit area of the loading zone of the second Plant are subjected to shock phenomena. 12. The method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the mixed flow consists of Work equipment and pesticides of the first plant in its receiving zone after passing through the channel of the first Plant, but is initiated before the impact stage and the mixed flow of working medium and pesticide the second Plant in its receiving zone after passing through the channel of the second plant, but initiated before the impact step will. 13. The method according to any one of claims 10 to 12, characterized, that the receiving zones are designed in such a way that no counteracting back pressures prevent the mixed currents from emerging from the first and second system in the relevant reception zones, but work equipment and Pesticides are able to escape unhindered from every system and use their energy for further size reduction of the pesticide is available. 309808 / 07U H. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the fine solid particles and a portion of the working medium after exiting the channel or channels radially outward, and deflected away from the impact zone. 15. Establishment for the implementation of the procedure according to a of the preceding claims, thereby gekennzei chnet that a first zone forming a hopper for the pesticide through a channel containing a quick-opening valve in communication with a receptacle forming a second zone stands, the valve during the introduction of a gaseous or vaporous working medium into the feed container is closed and for the sudden emergence of a mixed flow of working medium and solids can be opened quickly from the charging container through the channel into the receiving container, and between the charging container and the channel the solids emerge from the outlet the container into the channel shock phenomena and thus the crushing and size reduction zone is arranged. 16. Device according to claim 15, characterized in that the quick-opening Valve is arranged at a suitable distance from the feed container in the channel and the compressible working medium at least the largest part can be introduced into the channel between the valve and the charging container, so that it flows through the channel in the opposite direction to the later exit direction of the substance from the container. 30980 8/07 U 17 · Device according to claim 15 or 15, characterized _? that the distance of the Y-valve from the feed container and the opening time of the valve are so "dimensioned that the valve changes from the closed to the fully open position before the material emerging from the feed container reaches the valve. 18. Device according to one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that that a converging nozzle is provided as a means for generating a shock wave zone, which with the further end is connected to the container and with the narrower end to the channel and of such a length and has the shape that when the valve is opened, the working medium A sufficient speed is achieved to slow down local zones of supersonic flow to produce moving pesticides around and to subject the latter to the resulting shock phenomena. 19. Device according to one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that that the channel has a substantially constant cross-sectional area along its length, thus on the way through the channel increases the speed of the mixed flow and impact phenomena are triggered, and the channel with the receptacle through a diverging nozzle is connected by such a shaping that further shock phenomena are triggered in it and on the pesticides act when the mixed flow passes through to the receptacle. ■ 20. Device according to one or more of claims 15 to 19, characterized ₉ that a separator is connected to the outlet of the receptacle, which separates the working fluid from the pesticides. ' 3098 OB / 0 71A - 28 - changed gsm & S input received arn ^ & ΛΛ * Λ * ^ ΖΖα, * », Device for shredding and size reduction of a anisotropic solid material, thereby characterized in that two systems working in opposite directions are provided, each consisting from a feed container for the material, a channel extending therefrom, a quick-opening valve in the channel, means for introducing a compressible working medium into the container, means for rapid . "Opening the valve in order to suddenly escape the Mixed flow of work materials and pesticides into the sewer, means to increase the speed of the pesticides when they pass through and exit the canal and means for triggering impacts on the Pesticide moving the mixed stream from the hopper into the channel, through the channel and out of the channel into a common receptacle, the The outlet ends of the channels of both systems open into the common receptacle on opposite sides, such that the larger particles of the entrained in the two mixed streams and from the channels in the common Containment container entering pesticides collide in this container and thereby another Comminution and size reduction takes place. 22. Device according to claim 21, characterized in that at a distance from the outlet end each channel in the receptacle is arranged in this a baffle with a central opening is such that the middle part of a mixed flow collides with the middle part of the other mixed flow and the two mixed flows through theirs Deflector are deflected away from the impact zone. ReWeu / Pi. 309808 / 07U