DE1921316A1 - Method and device for comminuting pieces of material - Google Patents

Description

DipUng. W. DaMk * _p,. ..

Patent Attorneys ²⁴ · ^A P ^ril

Refrafh near Cologne / Frarikenfofsf 137

Illinois Tool Works, Inc, Chicago, Illinois (V.St.A,)

Method and device for crushing material pieces

Sohneidvorriohtung for crushing relatively large and unwieldy Werkitoffetttoke ropes or strips in which are leioht to handle · The invention relates particularly to a device for crushing a continuous strip and / or clay cuttings of residual material, the hot artikelformen-

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_ ₂ _ 19213Ί6

falls off into pieces that are easy to handle and simply mixed with new material for further consumption without the need for additional processing or reduction steps.

Gate directions for shredding strips or individually shaped Pieces of scrap material into smaller, easier-to-use pieces are often used. Many of these devices are referred to as hammer mills and comprise a shaft rotating at high speed on which tearing parts are arranged consisting of either fixed or articulated hammers or cutting tools. Most of these hammer mills crush the material by impact, while it is in suspension because the material against a breaker plate is driven, with most of the comminution taking place. By arranging a perforated cage or Umbrella under the hammers, the material is processed by them until it is crushed to such small ropes that he can pass through the openings of the cage or screen. Although such hammer mills are possible, the material To granulate, they have the significant disadvantage that the crushing process duroh the impact of the hammers the material generate an extremely high level of noise. Furthermore, these devices are not particularly effective in their capacity.

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sam, as they generally only have a few cutting edges on a cutting tool exhibit. Because of the extremely high level of noise these granulating devices generate, as well as their relative large dimensions, it is generally customary to use these granulating devices at a greater distance from the article-forming facility in order to allow the workers who produce these articles Use forming devices, not to expose them to the strong noise. The fact that the granulating devices in a greater distance, it is necessary to to install a conveyor system to convey the material to be granulated to these devices or the material to collect where it occurs and to carry it to the granulating devices. In the case of waste material in the form of strips from which the articles have been punched out, it is generally necessary, in the absence of conveyors, the Wind up strips of material on reels and then to the granulating devices to wear where it is settled again. This work requires the use of additional machines and additional staff.

The aim of the invention is to create a granulating device which works extremely quietly and which is therefore in the immediate vicinity Device can be used which generates waste material during a molding process. The invention also aims

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INSPECTED

To create a granulating device that processes both material, which you either continuously in the form of a band, or intermittently in materials of different thicknesses, or in combination of continuously or intermittently fed. Material*

The invention also aims to provide a (! shunting device create that processes either brittle or ductile material.

Another purpose of the invention is to provide a granulating device to create that includes cutting back that in the simplest Can be produced with conventional machine tools, the invention also aims to provide a granulating device create, which includes cutting elements that crush the material introduced between them in the simplest possible way, without large Stress or great wear and tear and their oath effect increases when there are several layers of material at the same time are fed.

Finally, the invention aims at a franking device that is extremely compact, efficient, and inexpensive to manufacture and maintain.

These purposes are achieved according to the invention by a granulating device

* ORfGlMAL INSPECTED - 5 -

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Reached direction, which comprises two sets of cutting elements which are arranged so that they feed the material cut into diagonal strips if he is between these first Cutting elements passes through and approximately rhombus-shaped or square pieces cut up when the diagonal strips pass the second set of cutting elements, their cutting edges are approximately at right angles to the cutting edges of the first set of son oath elements · Each set of son oath elements comprises two cutting elements which have a plurality of helically arranged cutting teeth which are the same Cutting angles, but in the opposite direction, have the cutting elements are preferably made on machines as they are generally used for the production of gears or screw-line shaped sonic elements Planing and milling machines are, for example, such machines « If the sonic elements are manufactured on gear-producing devices, they are given a tooth shape which is considerable deviates from the usual involute tooth shape.

To have an effective Sober and Windring effect in one or more Sources of the material carried by Hindu between the sons' rear teeth reach, the teeth of every son's oath element are voraugiweiae are thin at their ends · In order to allow the separated pieces to emerge freely after cutting

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the teeth are so arranged that they overlap only slightly, and are of such a shape that they are only a narrow part of the Form tooth gap. The axes of the cutting elements are preferably arranged so that a profile contact at the end of each Sonic element is achieved, but only with a small degree of overlapping of the teeth. The overlap must be such that that the teeth mesh and thereby cause the son's oath elements to drive each other »The overlap makes it possible Teeth also touch each other at a point that is a distance from a plane that is their centers with each other connects so that the teeth work together like two scissors. Dj the profiles of the teeth only touch at the tips, they remain in contact along their axial length as they revolve relative to one another. The son's rear edges are along the Constantly touching the slope and there is no problem regarding of losing contact, as the cutting elements many Have pairs of corresponding teeth that are always in contact at at least one point of their cooperating surfaces are.

Although it is beneficial to have two sets of sons' oaths use the material in the desired shape in a single To shred the operation and to achieve the greatest possible capacity IU, it is also possible and often desirable only

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a single one. Set of cutting elements to use. Becomes a using only one set of clay cutting elements, if a small part size is desired, the cut is required To run through strips or pieces again. The re-run, for example, through a perforated screen will shred the material so far that it can pass through the perforation · Such an arrangement has a smaller one Capacity as such with two sets of cutting elements, however, has numerous gate parts, for example lower cost, less space requirement, and has the gate part, to reduce the size of the shredded parts so that they are far smaller than the distance between the cutting teeth, when a finely perforated screen is used.

The teeth of each set of cutting elements act together in scissors, while the cooperating teeth continually move in sliding contact over the entire length of a line formed by the cutting of their points and a side edge around which the cutting elements revolve. Their cutting teeth only overlap over a small area of their fingers at any time and are then moved apart when they have performed their cutting function. The teeth of the cutting blade according to the invention can be sharpened in the simplest possible way by having a small amount of the material of their outer diameter corresponding to their outer diameter. will. However, sharpening is seldom

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This is necessary because the teeth have a very long life due to the fact that their extremely thin teeth are very easy to get into penetrate the material to be cut and therefore do not cause a large radial load on the teeth. Are the teeth in the material penetrated, "they are always in sliding contact with each other in such a way that the main tangential load consists of only one There is force exerted by the driving cutting element on the driven part acts to put this in circulation clean. Although the driving force exerted by the driving teeth on the driven Teeth being exerted is sufficient to keep the cutting edges in contact with a brittle material, such as polystyrene plastic, too cut, it is often desirable to apply an additional tangential load to the teeth in order to make a cut ensure first pass if thin, extremely elastic material such as polyethylene film is to be cut. Even though such additional tangential loading can be caused by a drag effect of the driven cutting element (e.g. by a friction clutch) such loading is generally not required when a refeed screen is used. In this case, the incompletely separated material is around the outside of the cutting elements and this is fed back in until the material is sufficiently granulated. Thanks to the special shape of the teeth, in which at least one cutting element has very wide spaces between its

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Having teeth can have a large number of layers of material are accumulated between these. If the material thicknesses in the spaces between the teeth are either permanently present Incompletely separated material or by several brackets increase the newly added material, they practice a tangential Force on the cutting edges, which presses them closer together and thus ensures that the material is separated, This special peculiarity of the son's teeth not only makes it possible to cut strips of very different materials, which is continuously fed to the cutting teeth, but enables It is also possible to cut narrow strips of material that are superimposed on the cutting elements in juxtapositions Layers is fed.

The invention is described in more detail with reference to the drawing, which a Example of an example of a comminution device according to the invention and which represents the cutting elements used in this » Point in this drawing

1 shows a perspective view of the device two interacting sets of cutting elements, Then a strip of material is fed to be chopped into pieces |

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Pig. . 2 is a plan looks at cutting elements to those of Fig ί and 3 correspond to, but are their sehraub enlinienförmige teeth in a herringbone-like arrangement to each other;

Pig. 3 is a perspective view of a modified form of that shown in Pig. 1 gate direction shown, at using only one set of cooperating cutting elements;

Pig 4 a larger scale, from which the Interaction of two cutting elements can be seen, with the material to be cut in one is fed to the plane perpendicular to the axes of the cutting elements and

Pig. 5 one of the pig. 4 corresponding partial section, the illustrates the interaction of two common involute gears, normally used by of the machine tool used to manufacture the in Pig. 4 shown. Sons oath elements is used »

Haoh Pig. 1 of the drawing is material to be granulated, such as

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a strip designated as a whole with 10 from above into the gap inserted between the meshing teeth 12 and 14 of an upper set of cutting elements 16 and 18. Since teeth 12 and 14 Are arranged helically around the cutting elements 16 and 18, they progressively break the material 10 into many cut parallel strips that fall out downwards. The diagonal strips of material 10 are then placed in the gap a second lower set of cutting elements 22 and 24 which also have helical cutting teeth 26 and 28, which are approximately at right angles to the cutting teeth 12 and 14. Since the teeth 26 and 28 are at an angle to the The teeth of the first cutting elements are the parallel ones Strips of material leaving the first set of cutting elements, cross-cut and thus from the second set of cutting elements as small square or rhombus-like parts 32 exit.

. 3 shows a modified embodiment of FIG. Contraption, which corresponds essentially to that shown in Fig. 1, however comprises a set of cooperating optic cutting elements 36, 38, which are identical to the cutting elements 16, 18 or 22, 24 of the Pig. 1 are. Since introduced into the gap of the cutting elements 36 and 38 Do not cut material into small particles or squares in a single pass through the Sohne elements

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can be, a screen 44 is around the cream mask elements closely arranged · The screen 44 », which has perforations or holes 46 in its lower area, serves as a guide or Eye-guiding element through which the cut material ropes, which are not yet narrow enough to pass through the openings 46, in contact with the cutting teeth 50

"and 52 remain so that they are moved around the sonic elements and fed back into the gap in the cutting elements until they have been divided up small enough to be able to exit through the openings in the screen. The distance between the screen 44 and the cutting elements 38, 36, which is formed by a bearing 54 for the formation of material passages 55, 55 ^f , is somewhat critical large amount of material

) take that of the son's oath elements at maximum feed cut and the material can build up and either reduce the amount of cut or act as a brake and the sonic elements slow down or stop. If, on the other hand, the carrier 54 is too far away from the cutting elements, a feil can be used traceable material tend to be on the screen 44 to collect and the emergence of the small pieces of material block through openings 46. With a precise distance, the material continuous steps 55, 55 * not only provide the maximum

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male ejection of the cutting elementβ 38, 36 Hindu flow, but it is also ensured that the material to be returned is held close enough to the cutting teeth 52, 50 so that it is moved either directly or indirectly by it. Purely in fig. 4 of the drawing illustrated sonic elements is a Gap of about 3 mm has been found to be favorable when a material with a thickness of about 0.7 mm is to be cut. In order to prevent returned material from flying out upwards, two Abdeok plates 56, 53 are provided above the sonic elements. The cover plates 56, 58 serve above also as a guide for the material to be introduced into the gap between the cutting elements. The Abdeok plates 56, 53 are particularly useful to ensure a continuous supply of material to the device when the material to be cut is fed in batches in the form of individual pieces Slippery material ßioh flat Lay over the gap between the sonic elements and form a bridge that allows further » Makes material impossible. The cover plates 56, 58 help this Prevent bridging, as most of the material is fed directly into the gap and does not lie horizontally can · Da a single set of Sooneid elements (Pig · 4) through the straight line pore of the teeth will tend to bring the material to be returned to one end of the cream elements

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can move a stream of compressed air from nozzles 59, 60 into the opposite direction between the cutting elements and the Cover plates 56, 58 are provided. In order to prevent the use of air and yet ensure an even distribution of the The cutting elements can have a bone-like pattern to ensure that the material is made safe Shape can be given instead of an elongated helical shape, like this from Pig. 2 to 36 * and 38 · indicated is.

For the sake of simplicity, the]? Ig. 1 and 3 of the drawing Details such as the frame, bearings and drive devices are not shown. According to the invention it is provided that only one Sonid element in each set is driven so that the cutting elements must be arranged precisely and rigidly relative to one another. This arrangement must enable the driving cutting element to to always be in driving contact with the son's oath to be driven, since the son's teeth are only slightly apart Overlap dimensions.

The particular shape of the son's teeth in each interacting set of cutting elements is not critical as long as the cooperating teeth are in initial contact with one another along their pitch lines between their outer ones Durohmeesern and the tooth profiles move in order to have a Soherffekt

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to generate that "is continuously maintained" when new Split along the length of the tooth as the cutting elements revolve be brought into contact.

In order to better explain the difference between cutting teeth, such as those shown in fig. 4 of the drawing, which have been formed on a normal machine used to manufacture gears and normal gears which have been formed on the same machine, reference is made to FIG I ¹ Ig. 5 of the drawing shows the normal rolling process of such gears. A tooth 62 of the driving bath 64 comes into contact with a tooth 66 of a driven gear 68 at 70 on the involute surface 72. The insolvent surface 72 of the tooth 62 then remains in sliding contact with the involute surface 74 of the tooth 66 until, moving the teeth apart 'From this drawing it is easy to see that such a device cannot effectively be used to cut strip material because the tips of the teeth prevent penetration of the material at 70 where cutting could occur. The material would not cut but just squeezed between the teeth. The squeezed material would remain in the tooth gap and collect there until the gears 68 and 64 are driven apart

To achieve cutting that is much quieter and more substantial

009836/0937 " ^1δ " *

Borrowed, is more effective than a hammer mill, are the cutting elements 16 and 18 provided with a tooth shape which differs significantly from that shown in Fig. 5, so that the Teeth 12 and 14 continuously shear off the material as it rotates and move the material forward according to the rotation. this is a major difference from a hammer mill that only comprises two or three cutting elements, the cutting operation being more of upsetting or breaking.

The desired cutting effect can be achieved by pormen of the cooperating cutting elements in different ways and in different shapes. In general, the cutting elements can be made on any type of machine that makes helical gears or dies. The special one in Pig. 4 can be produced by a conventional worm cutter.

The cooperating cutting elements 16 and 18 must be the same Have a slope so that one cutting element can drive the other and so that successive points along the line 72, at which the tooth shape intersects the outer diameter of each tooth 12, successive points on a corresponding one line 74 on the cooperating tooth 14 in succession over the entire length of each tooth when the son renews

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192131G - η -

circulate. The shape of the teeth must also be such that the cutting edges of the teeth generally follow one another at the cutting point move in the radial direction ". Such a cutting action means that the teeth 14 only have to exert the relatively small force on the material that is required to make it shear versus upsetting or breaking. Since this force is relatively small and from the point of contact with the Cutting body is transferred, the teeth can be made very thin at their tips. When the tips are made thinner their ability to penetrate the material increases, which further reduces the cutting forces. The theoretical The limit of the thin tips of the teeth is generally limited by the forces that are required of the driving force Teeth drive the driven ones. A further limitation of the strength of the tips can occur due to the fact that the profiles of the teeth behind their tips must be free soled to ensure that the corresponding Can only touch teeth on their front edges. Such relief grinding reduces the possibility that the between the Teeth run! · Material is cut beforehand if sioh these overlap after cutting in the region 78 and the teeth to move apart after the sons. Furthermore, result in thinner Teeth are more effective because they penetrate the material with less force than thicker teeth. It is

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possible that the width of the tooth at its maximum depth of penetration into the gap of a cooperating tooth is about 40 $ the tooth-to-tooth distance measured on a circle through the teeth at the point of maximum penetration. S ¹ Ur the teeth 14 in 3? Ig. 4, this width is approximately 15 # compared to the width of 50 # for a conventional gear tooth 62 shown in FIG.

Another major difference in the sonic elements of the present invention is that they are arranged so that they have limited overlap. A certain overlap is required so that the cutting element 18 can drive the cutting element 16 and thus ensure that the cutting edges 74, 72 slide against one another in order to shear off the material. However, the overlap must be limited so that the interdental spaces are kept relatively free after cutting so that the cut pieces 10a, 10b, 10c of the material 10 in Pig. 4 of the drawing can assume the positions shown in order to be able to emerge freely from the teeth and not be pressed into the space between the teeth 82 or 84. The penetration of the teeth of one cutting element into the interdental spaces of the other sonic element of about 25 to 30 i * has been found to be particularly favorable; been.

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If the cutting elements 16 and 18 are used to cut thin, slippery material such as polyethylene, the .Antriebskraft of the cutting element 18 on the cutting element 16 without an additional braking force exerted on the cutting element 16, sufficient to prevent the material from moving parallel to the sides of the teeth at points 72,74 and. carried around the cutting elements rather than being cut and to be ejected. Though this rarely happens, it doesn't matter since Pig. 4 can be seen, that then *, when material layers 10b in the interdental space 82 ' be multiplied so that they completely fill the interdental space, further layers, when moving from the interdental space 82 to the interdental space 82 ", are pressed together in that the teeth 12 and 14 are closer together than they are in the interdental space 82 are. The compressed material 10b will then exert a force that moves the teeth 12, 14 apart, and thereby bring the cutting edges 72 and 74 into closer contact, thereby completely cutting the subsequent material.

Although the cutting elements are subject to the requirements described above, they can be produced in different processes. The particular characteristics of those illustrated in FIG Cutting elements are described in more detail.

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The process "used" to manufacture the cutting elements was to "machine" an oversize and an undersize blank with a single hob, which was brought to the workpiece at a point just prior to "topping" (contact of the root of the cutter with the workpiece) In order to enable a comparison between the cutting elements produced by a hobbing cutter according to FIG. 4 and a conventional gearwheel produced with the same hobbing cutter, data relating to such a gearwheel are listed in the following table.

usual
gear Cutting
element 18 Cutting
element 16 Number of teeth 34 the same the same module 12th Il It Il Il Pitch circle
diameter 98.16 Il Il ti Il pitch 30.84 It ti Il Il Pitch angle 45 45 °
right-handed 45 °
left-handed Normal pressure angle 20 ° the same the same outer diameter
of the gear 102.16 91.87 110.25 Wurzel diameter 93.34 79.62 98 Cutting depth 4.41 6.12 6.12

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Although module 12 cutters have been described, it is possible to add other modules depending on the start of the material to be cut and the desired particle size use. A Module 12 cutting element will produce particles of about Create a size of 6 mm and is well suited for thin material. For shredding stronger or thicker materials, such as thin ones Metal or the cast spigots or other waste material is a cutting element with a smaller module preferred. Although the particles formed with such a cutting element are much larger than with one If the cutting element is made of a larger module, these large particles can be removed at will through the use of a return screen be further crushed.

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Claims (1)

192131 G. - 22 patent claims Drive for shredding thin, "strip-shaped material into small particles, characterized in that the "strip-shaped material is inserted into the gap between two circumferential, intermeshing, helically toothed cutting elements is introduced, one of which is the other drives the strip-shaped material continuously and simultaneously along several spaced apart Lines are cut into elongated strips at an angle to the direction of advance, then the cut Strips guided into the gap between two circumferential, intermeshing, helically toothed cutting elements and be cross-cut. 2, method according to claim 1, characterized that the material to be shredded is fed to only two sonic elements several times, with the elongated strips around the outer periphery of said sonic elements are fed back into the gap. 3. Apparatus for performing the method according to claim 1 to 2, gekennz e leans by a first cutting element (16) with a multitude of helically arranged ORIGlNAL INSPECTED 0 09836/0937 - 23 - neter cutting teeth (12), a second cutting element (18) with a plurality of helically arranged cutting teeth (H) ₅ which mesh with those of the first cutting element and drive it, the drive side edges of the tips (74) of the teeth (14) of the second cutting element ( 18) abut the driven side edges of the sparrows (72) of the teeth (12) of the first cutting element (16), the lines of intersection of the outer peripheries of the cutting elements forming cutting edges which cooperate with said side edges and shear off material introduced between them before said Side edges of the second cutting element begin to overlap the side edges of the first cutting element and thus drive the first cutting element, the tips of the teeth of the second cutting element (18) measured on a circle running through their maximum depth of engagement in the interdental spaces of the first cutting element (16) , a strength not exceeding $ 40 de s tooth-to-tooth spacing, measured on the same circle, and this shearing contact is progressive and uninterrupted along the length of the individual teeth at points which are aaa distance from the plane running through the axes. 4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the first and second cutting elements ORiGtNAU INSPECTED _ ^ _ 0 09836/0937 comprise first and second sets of tendon elements, cut the downwardly fed material into their gap into a multitude of parallel strips that are at an angle to the feed direction, which is equal to the pitch angle of the cutting elements, that the Yorrichtung a second A set of cutting elements (22, 24) arranged below the first set (16, 18) and the gap thereof lies directly below the gap of the first set, the cutting elements of the second set being those of the first Set, but their helix angle is transverse to that of the cutting elements of the first set. 5. Apparatus according to claim 3 * through return devices, which take up material shredded by the cutting elements, below a pre- ) let out certain size, comminuted material lying and all lying above the predetermined size material parts up to the cutting elements around the gap of the cutting elements again. 6, device according to claim 5 »characterized in that that the return means comprise means which extend the upwardly around the visual cutting elements material carried around along the Sohne elements into the - 25 00 9 836/0 937 ORIGINAL INSPECTED opposite direction "in which the material is moving through the helically arranged teeth is moved. 7. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that said means against air comprise nozzles (60) directing the returned material. 8. Apparatus according to claim 5> characterized that the return means comprise a screen which is below and adjacent to the cutting elements is arranged and pierced by openings corresponding to the predetermined size of the particles to be cut, as well as cover parts (56, 58) which feed the upwardly moved, returned material to the gap of the Sohneidetoente. 9. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the sonic elements (36 ', 38 ·) are helical have cutting teeth arranged in a herringbone pattern. 10. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the teeth of the second sonic element have a maximum depth of penetration into the tooth intervening spaces of the first sonic element of $ 35> their length and a maximum ° «<GINAL iNSPECTEo - 26 - 009836/0937 -'26 - male tooth thickness of 25 ° ß> of the tooth-to-tooth distance, and that the sides of the teeth of the first and second cutting elements are undercut. 11. A. Set of cutting elements for use in the device according to claim 3 to 10, characterized "'by a first, essentially cylindrical, cutting element with a variety of helically arranged. Teeth, of. at least one part of which has a predetermined degree of mobility and in a predetermined angle of inclination is arranged relative to a through the axis of the Schn.eidelemen.tes extending plane, through a second, substantially cylindrical cutting element with a variety of. helically arranged teeth that mesh in Intervention with the. Teeth, of the first cutting element can be brought and an opposite pitch with the same, however, have opposite helix angles, with the teeth of each cutting element in the. Gap of the tendon loops cut imported material, and a drive movement from the second cutting element to the first transferring cutting edge, have, which by cutting lines, a Seitenpr, ofils each tooth with the outer one. Circumference are defined, with the tips of the teeth of the second. Cutting element, measured on • one by their maximum depth of penetration into the interdental spaces of the first. Son's oath element running. Circle, one 009838/0937 - 27 - ORIGINAL E. -27- 192131G Strength of. have at least $ 40 tooth-to-tooth spacing measured on the same circle, and with at least the teeth of one cutting element along its entire profile are undercut behind their cutting edges. 12 »Set of cutting elements according to claim 11, characterized in that the teeth of the second Cutting element at each point of the same depth of penetration are narrower than those of the first cutting element and that the diameter of the second cutting element is smaller than that of the first. 13 · Set of cutting elements according to claim 11, characterized in g e k e η η ζ e i c h η e t that the strength of the teeth of the second cutting element on the outer periphery of the element is less than $ 20 tooth-to-tooth spacing. ORIGINAL INSPECTED 009836/09 37 ■ is · Empty soap