DE1915525A1 - Process for changing foam and foam modified by the process - Google Patents

Description

Brevetex S ₀ A ₀ Friborg (Switzerland)

Process for modifying foam and foam modified by the process

They present invention relates to a method cum changer "the foam and a changed Erten accordance with the procedure foam ·

Bs Bind known flatten from the most diverse foam = materials «such as polystyrene, urea-formaldehyde, etc. Holes and punched holes for better sound absorption that go completely through the material or partially penetrate it

There are also known foam structures with knob-like upper "surface, which are formed by _(that compress eeitig under the changing influence ssweier gears Change servicekit a soft foam sheet, divides a perpendicular thereto running knives such webs to two equivalent units, and in such a that the main mass is pressed alternately on one or the other side © and under the influence of the knife thereby forms!

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m 5: 5 3 5

Side and a humped «These tracks can be pulled apart within the framework of their inherent elasticity, but not.

The object on which the invention is based consists in Creation of a method for changing foam, which partly improved the production of foam products and partly allowed with completely new properties.

According to the invention, this object is achieved in that a foam web in continuity-lisk does not deserve a full-surface feed, is provided with slits in periodic succession during the compressed state and is then de-plowed again _e

Foam modified according to the process is characterized in that it has a surface area of at least stranding sledge that enables one direction.

Under a slot in the sense of the present invention - as opposed to a gap or a hole - a partial # or to understand complete material severance, which at right angles to the intended slot direction little at least approximates the dimension. Has zero. In the following description, the term "Sahlitz" is retained even if a protected by stretching th product, the slots are widened to "columns".

The drawing shows details of the invention, for example.

As is apparent from the figures 1 to 49, the slots may be formed in various ways and angeordaet, so that the material after one or more Rich "obligations can be largely pulled apart without destroying ^v BU. ·

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It seemed "up to now not possible, especially hard ge = foamed sheet-like3 material, which "for example an on = roll opposes absolute resistance and breaks even with low pressure and impact, subject to treatment by slitting « throw. However, it has been shown, quite surprisingly, that it is not only possible to use this stiff, brittle material with Schlia to use. provided, but that, with appropriate treatment, structures can even be produced from it that suddenly themselves have an unexpected spatial elasticity that is not associated with the material but with its scissor-like web formation make them surprisingly apt to be more or less pulled apart. This creates the surface and the volume the body in question expanded at will within certain limits; when using a foam polystyrene material with a volume weight of bvon about 40 kg / m and a material thickness of 8 mm, a web slurry » te of 3 mm and a sliding length of 25 mm result from * = For example, plates that can be pulled apart to about five to six times their original length without disintegrating travel. With this material it is possible, for example, to use Iso = pre-laying of pipelines for which no ge = suitable, inexpensive and insulating material was available, which could adapt to the curvature in such a way

For such purposes, a further embodiment can be used which, instead of the continuous slots, has slots which penetrate, for example, only 6 mm deep, so that clothing from ReSiren can be carried out without any actual air = permeable slits are created «. Rather, this creates a gear-like structure. .

Not only slots are possible, which by offset parallel arrangement to form uniform, grid-like Show structures lead, naturally the ratio of

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The length of the slot and the thickness of the body have a significant influence on the extent to which it can be pulled apart, but also the relationship between slot length, slot spacing in the rows and space between;} e two neighboring ones Rows of slots can be varied within wide limits «

In addition, it is also possible to attach slots that are not parallel, but rather at an angle to one another, and for special purposes slots of curved construction.

In particular, it is also possible to cut through the material at an angle to its surface with straight or curved slots = penetrate, for example, there is the possibility according to Figures 50 and 51, a completely air-permeable, but of one certain viewing direction y made of opaque material, because the upper edge of one slot is already in this Viewing angle covers the lower edge of the next slot.

These slots may preferably utilizing the Ther = moplastizität of the product be carried out either by the product is slit in warm, more elastic state or findete a hot cutting tool use, it is particularly favorable when the material shortly after the actual Her = * delivery process just below Use that can be cut and deformed because it is still inherent in heat , because it is relatively difficult to re-heat such well-insulating materials. It can be used in particular when the production of the foam sheets takes place in a continuous process, for example from a slot extruder (DOW process). Here, the slot device is attached immediately after the extruder, with the cutting tool being cooled or even cold for better separating effect, if necessary Water or release agent is moistened, which allows a very fast, efficient production.

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Optionally, the material may after slitting further supplied in this form to in place - will be stretched, or it may just after the slots stretched and cooled, whereupon it freezes in this form "- given = appropriate with supply of heat ".

The material in both delivery versions has elasticity, namely when it is delivered in the unstretched state it essentially springs back into this compact form without renewed heating, while, conversely, when it is delivered in a broadly stretched state after being compressed, it jumps into a frozen one Condition to the compact three-dimensional shape again to the elastic springing back, stretched apart like a see. This has advantages for certain purposes

Besides the use of the material in this condition it is readily possible to alternate in particular favorable manner to be combined "to produce, for example, sandwich products gem. Figo 52 covered with a thin plate F, or like, Figo 53 with a plastic film F are sealed by welding or gluing, which results in a particularly light and yet relatively air-impermeable and sohallundurohläseige product with good leolier properties, despite its unusually low density aο

Likewise, it 1st possible to fill the cavities formed by the slits in the foam Aueeinanderziehen "8toffee with material, for example ₀ with cork powder, and low in mounting slots results in a particularly good sound absorption in completely he = preserved insulating properties. .

According to another embodiment, the cavities are with Earth filled, which gives the possibility for partiel = Ie lawn plantings, for example, a simultaneous holder

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the earth and a water storage in the cells of the foam,

A "Hygromull" called floccular foam product is used, for example, to give dry soils a greater water content and here it is proposed, using the method, not to fray similar materials, but to provide slits and thereby make them flat To make nets extendable, which enable a dosed distribution of the water-retaining substances. EliL @ Li ₉ without being too compact like plates® Itera ^ tig löhte structures can sash fulfillment ilw © 3? ArnfgaTb © © läse further plowed or tmgejra ^ a and ' then EsSiliesslich on request in the final Floekensustand.

Another good SineatamögM ©! & © £ t is, .lightly porous se, solid hemostructures of this kind subsequently harden with ^ to solidify the substances, what can be done outside hard, load-bearing structures that you can remove yourself from the thermoplasticity which is not inherent in them is not schitnea and could stretch * For example one can use structures from thsra thermoplastic hard foam with epoxydhareen, - Polyesttrmsteri® !, Polyurethanes »urea-pormaldthyd etc., impregnate», or beauf eohlagen and hitrdurQh consistently hard, or borrowed hard structures for construction, Maeohinenbau- and Automolöilbau " iweoke «oh monkeys.

According to another application, it is possible that Use streaked grids practically as permanent formwork see below, whereby the honeycomb-shaped cells are filled with concrete; for this it is only necessary to have a slotted foam sheet to be placed on top of each other to a certain thickness »so that the cell cavities come to lie on top of one another and form continuous cavities, in which the concrete can be poured

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However, it is also possible to partially emboss or compact the webs, possibly under the influence of heat. Of the" like webs can serve well as joints to allow the structures to bend and deform in a second direction. possible.

It is not only possible to use such foamed material th around an axis that is parallel to the slot direction = roll, but now also bend in the other direction.

Furthermore, such depressions can be made, which, of course, are also arranged by cutting out the connection between the individual hollow ropes to produce, which makes it possible to pour the entire structure with a flowable, later hardening substance to be carried out by the individual honeycomb cells at the free spaces created by the contacting or cutouts with « connect to each other. For example, it is possible to pour extremely solid plastics such as poly esters, epoxy resins, etc., below ^ .er melting temperature of the Thermoplastics to make, with particularly strong structures then arise when these substances are still, for example, with Glass fibers are reinforced. With suitable temperature control the possibly existing exothermic reaction can be controlled so that during the actual hardening process and during the gelation and already existing shape retention of the = hardening hard material, optionally the thermoplastic Foam melts and disappears and a very stable framework made of, for example, epoxy resin in this negative form leaves ο

It is also possible to make combinations of rigid and flexible foam in such a way that the resulting hollow Flexible foams are subsequently foamed in or filled in

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v / ground or that, conversely, in slotted soft-neck structures hard foaming takes place «If an attachment example = should be done on V / andflachen, this can be done at the same time take place with the foaming process. For the first time, you have the possibility of combining completely selectable dimensions, shape ratio = nisse between soft and liartsch aura, between open-celled mouth closed-cell foam with all the great advantages ver = different hardness, compressive and tensile strength, different sound absorption uswo The combination just described has in particular, increased elasticity when there is no longer a tendency to tear propagation.

Even if one side of the foam is replaced by An = Bringing a cover layer made of foil or another surface = closed structure is a good combination with others loosely filled or with the walls and / or the back Tied masses are easily possible. The polie then limits the wall surface as here. On the other hand, naturally a cover of the second open side with a surface structure also taking advantage of the remaining stickiness of the second thermoplastic foam. The cover with open-cell materials, such as nonwovens, perforated or protected = th foils of upper foam foils with open cells is special this is favorable when all or individual foam structures, the open line, which is particularly beneficial for sound absorption have structure.

A particularly inexpensive, insulating packaging material is created by slitting and pulling apart at eich be = reita very light foam sheets, the space of which is grown so far could not lower it below a certain limit without losing its cohesion. This by threefold separation «» draw for example from 21 to 7 kg / m 'reduced foam body = after thermosetting in this original stretched Form can be used, or after lamination with cheap

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Surface structures, such as paper, that give the certificate additional strength and induration.

In the same way, the cheapest insulating room «

elements are produced »which in addition to the use of separating = walls can also be used for the production of tent-like disposable buildings, possibly with an increase in strength through hardening and solidifying coatings, which in the fabrication or directly with a color-giving impregnating coating including impregnation and connection.

If there is a slitting with hot knives, you can If desired, the surface structure by means of suitable Ans Change and smooth melts, close the cells with hot knives or tools, add other substances, such as solvents that change the structure, dyes, etc.

The foams can also be used in catfish known per se the pro-substances are supplied, with their introduction aus8er during the seaming process here in particularly favorable ger way also take place at any time afterwards during or after the slitting, for example on the cut webs can, for example, nutrients prior to the introduction of soil

Aue hard or soft foams can be very faohe and inexpensive catfish sliding doors are produced, in that the extremely stretched panels are firmly connected on both sides with a suitable film known per se » den, which is possibly pinched or pre-folded in such a way that it = the concertina-like foam when pulling together structure outside and inside the slits: shortened to suitable folds.

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A particularly favorable form is the production of structural doors from elastic and soft foam, for example from polyurethane, PVC, rubber latex, pore rubber or otherwise on = foamed rubber, foamed elastomer-like thermoplastics, such as vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer, etc. Here they are completely unusually elastic products in all directions. Here, however, the use is possible for all purposes where a Polště "tion with good air retention is beneficial, upholstered furniture ;, wei = before elastic covers in cars $ auoJi for Eeinigungs = device with sponge character, because in addition durejb, the slots capacity for Ibfallstücke exists and such © devices also duroli round shapes around a stem and otherwise aureh use of the? great elasticity in all directions' can easily be established.

It is of course possible »KLa ο * § @ η, webs and 'au @ & foam structures with non-uniform surfaces not only to be provided with slots over the entire area, but also in stripes, whereby certain stripes and solid webs then remain« dl © provide a firm hold and stiffening in this direction «see Pig 54. For better durability, these webs can also be compacted or stiffened in a manner known per se Struts, from which the wall structure doors are angled or rolled down, the outer limit in the case of cleaning instruments, etc. On the other hand, it is possible to arrange the slots in any shape-forming or pattern-forming manner, for example round as in Figs. ₀ 55 and 56; Such a foam structure lies flat on the floor in the area ABCD, but can, in the middle area R, be arched in the shape of a dome. This spatial shape can be used as a container, as a permanent formwork for concrete (if necessary after hardening with additives in the extended state) and for a variety of purposes.

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Create flexible emergency shelters that are either stiffened on the spot or that are flexibly equipped in a suitable way by transporting them as a plate and setting them up in a soaked state according to Fig. 57 with the help of a support. In this case, for example, slots E ₁ that do not penetrate the plate will be _{alternated with slots E 2} that penetrate the sheet-like structure, because this enables a particularly favorable formation of a dome with a more solid structure, shown in section a, while section b indicates a structure that has not been drawn apart. A covering film is designated here by F. At points K it is formed on the outside with creases and folds and is stretched smoothly when it is pulled apart and serves as a fastening like the skin of a kite. Such lightweight structures are also suitable, for example, in rigid foam as a substructure for structures to be reinforced, be it for the production of shelters and cable ducts with concrete, be it by covering with snow to make igloos for military purposes, etc. The Covering cable ducts with or without additional fastening is a more flexible, inexpensive use. Fig. 58 shows here half-shells which are formed by partial slits, Fig. 59 shows a shape with open slits, which is usually used when, for example, ventilation or cooling is required. The right half in Fig. 59 is initially covered with paper and covered with a layer of concrete or a coat of paint. In the same way, very inexpensive cores can be formed for packaging purposes instead of cardboard tubes, as insulating cores, etc., whereby the starting shape, completely or partially cut through, can also be used and stiffening in any shape with paper, foil, coating, spraying etc ", is possible. The rigid foam structural doors in particular are particularly suitable when they are pulled apart as plaster bases for walls and ceilings, also optionally with the open or partially closed structure, in front of the plaster

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Depending on the size of the slots, the slots hang particularly well and can partially penetrate, while the remaining cavities insulate very well , Fig.62 as a self-supporting loose rigid foam frame with an air space and a layer of cotton wool on a hard, load-bearing base, and Fig. 63 a slotted rigid foam cover with open-pore soft foam backed and foamed, which gives particularly good acoustic and load-bearing mechanical properties _fc arise. Other applications of rigid foam are lattice and "gratings, decoration materials and dummies, self-supporting air ducts gem _e Fig. 64, wherein slices gem ₀ Fig. 65 match = other such offset are arranged such that the air passages are mutually slightly overlapped (Figo 64 lower part) or they are continuous (Fig. 64, upper part); the air flow is indicated by an arrow.

Flat structures made from flexible foam are particularly suitable as mats for bathrooms, cars, etc., whereby one starts from relatively solid foams with a higher density and stabilizes these after slitting and pulling apart. Not only the arrangement of edges is parallel to the slots possible and optionally _o the welding of edges perpendicular thereto, rather, according to Fig. 66 _o can also interesting structures, game as semicircular in = kind, be prepared as WC-assignors. This example shows that naturally flat layers can also be slit like this, because the slits can be made not only from above or below, but also from the long and front sides. Foam balines that have been pulled apart are particularly suitable as underlays for floor coverings, for example for carpets, because this not only saves material, but also enables particularly soft, comfortable walking and good footfall sound absorption

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behavior. Fig. 67 shows a carpet T, which by means of a Klebers Kl is firmly connected to the foam structure Sch, so that it is a non-slip, elastic »insulating and soft Carpet product results. As shown in Fig. 68 is the foam structure loosely underlaid, for which it is well suited in Fig. 69 thanks to its grip and its slits that act like a suction cup it is a foam structure of, for example, 5 mm Thickness that can be coated with adhesive on one or both sides, depending on whether it is with the carpet or the floor or to be detachably connected to both in the latter In this case, it has unusually good insulation properties when it is made from foamed PVC «In the same way More compact foams made from polyethylene, rigid PVC and even from softer structures cannot be thermoplastic Substances such as epoxy resin, etc., can be used. Also foams, in which fibers, fabrics and other textile or Non-textile reinforcing substances are embedded, can be processed particularly cheaply because these embeddings the tear strength at the ends of the slit is significantly reduced improve. Furthermore, poro rubber, slightly foamed crepe rubber, foamed, chlorinated polyethylene or PVC, made of foamed rubber and foamed rubber-like substances like shoe soles «. Fig. 70, which when made from Thermoplastics exist, on the base plate P by welding = » sen, but otherwise attached by gluing and a loss-free production of profiled and with studs. see soles, car mats, doormats or other Mats in which the dirt falls in as shown in Fig. 71 or falls through as shown in Fig. 72 can also be made "natural" According to, laminated ore castings according to Fig. 72 can also be used, where a needle felt carpet N (left in front of the slitting, Middle after slitting and right after pulling apart) is underlaid with a soft foam sheet, whereby the needle » Felt carpeting provides the abrasion surface, which at the same time stiffened.

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Of course, it can also be much thinner, while the foam gives elasticity and thickness o the whole is one new type of soft »elastic floor covering that removes dirt in lets its cracks fall in or through. The foam can of course also be post-solidified, for example in accordance with Pig. 73 by a fabric or foil unit or according to Pig. 74 through a film that has been accumulated. The slitting, in particular of the soft foams, takes place most expediently by making them using a roller (or another instrument) at conti = nuler slitting is pressed down, for example, with circular slitting knives arranged on the roller, so that the slit = zen occurs with relatively little cross-section of the goods and afterwards »the foam pops up again» with discontinuous This can be done, for example, by a hold-down plate in which the perforations for the passage of the Slitting knives are arranged. Naturally, the same time = * A full-area or partial-area compacting can take place with the slotting process, for example in the area of the intersecting slits interrupting surfaces, creating so-called solidified nodes, or by means of consolidation of the free webs or a part thereof. Further possible uses of the foam structures according to the invention are: radiator cladding, filter support disks, transport honeycombs for inserting fragile objects (e.g. nasty berthermometers), sun blinds (with angled incisions, so that the sunlight cannot fall in directly), foam structure = Doors for hulls (whereby the bottom structures are preferred * on both sides with an outer skin that replaces the planking are coated), etc.

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Claims (1)

. '. Claims 1. A method for modifying foam, characterized in that that the foam with an area enlargement allow Seat bracing is provided. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized by the use of a soft foam. 3 «. The method according to claim 1, characterized by the Use of a hard foam. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized characterized in that the foam is compressed in the area of the slitting to be made. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the foam is relaxed again after slitting. 6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the foam is heated prior to compression. 7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the foam inherent heat or a heat subsequently supplied to it is grooved to relax the previously compressed foam « 8 »Method according to one of claims 4 to 7» characterized in that (the compaction is carried out in a continuous feed xxaH with RUndechlltemeseern arranged on a roller. • ■ - 2 - 009824/1130 ft St- 9. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that the foam is treated, eg, soaked or sprayed _{with a hardening substance »ζ.B 0 a varnish, prior to compression or after slitting, which hardens after slitting} will. 1O _{0 The} method according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the foam is expanded essentially transversely to the direction of the slot, heated and then cooled to freeze the state of tension acquired thereby ο Ho method according to claim 10, characterized in, that the foam was previously applied to the foam, for example for the purpose of compressing « tion or relaxation supplied heat is exploited. 12 ο method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized = indicates that for expansion, especially of hard foam, it is heated beforehand, 13ο Method according to claim 12, characterized in that that the heat previously supplied to the foam, for example for compression or relaxation, is used. 14ο The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized characterized in that the webs are compressed in places. 15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that the webs are cut out in places _o 16e method according to any one of claims 1 to 15t characterized in that the stretched foam is covered on at least one side with at least one layer. -3- 009824/1130 17. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that are that the foam web before the slots with at least one layer is covered and that the layers during the Schlitzensa by gluing, Anextrudieren, welding, laminating or dissolving with "interconnected _o 18ο Method according to one of claims 10 to 17, characterized marked that after the foam has been sintered, min » at least some of the cavities enclosed by the webs is completely or partially filled with material 19 ο The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the slots in the foam web are generated by ultrasound _o 20 _{e The} method according to claim 1, characterized in that the slots in the foam web are generated by laser or maser beams _e 21. The method according to claim 1, characterized in, that the slots in the foam sheet are caused by high voltage » sparks »tracking ο 22 * Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the slots are made by means of a chemical agent, e.g. acid, alkali, solvent ₀ 2 ?. Modified by the method according to claim 1 Foam, characterized in that it allows an area to be enlarged in at least one direction Is provided with slots » 24 «Foam according to claim 23», characterized in that that the slot length is less than 4.0 mm. -4-009824 / 1130 25. Foam according to claim 23, characterized in that that the slots are arranged in a pattern «, 26ο foam according to claim 25, characterized in that that the slots are arranged in equidistant rows » 27ο foam according to claim 26, characterized in that that groups of equidistant rows of slots are formed. 28ο foam according to claim 26, characterized in that that the slots are arranged in parallel rows, 29 * Foam according to claim 28, characterized in that the distance between two consecutive slits of the same row and the space between each two
adjacent rows at most equal to the slot length is ₀ 30ο foam according to claim 28, characterized in that that the rows of slots are offset from one another » 31 ο foam according to claim 30, characterized in that that the offset of the rows of slots corresponds to at least approximately half the slot length. 32 «foam according to claim 23, characterized in that that each end of a slot ends in at least two short slots 33 · Foam according to Claim 23, characterized in that that each end of a slot opens into a hole 34 · Foam according to claim 23 »characterized» that the slits only partially penetrate the foam «. -5- 009824/1130 ■ Ϊ-Α. 35 · Foam according to claim 23 »characterized in that a cover layer is provided on at least one side
is 36ο foam according to claim 35 »characterized in that the cover layer made of needle felt, in particular needle felt floor covering, consists. 37 · Foam according to Claim 35 »characterized by
at least one intermediate layer 38 »Foam according to claim 23» characterized by
one of the cavities formed at least partially
filling materials 39ο foam according to claim 38, characterized in that when it is used as a mattress, the cavities with
Steel springs filled in and " 40, foam according to claim 23, characterized in that it is soft (soft foam) _{or the like} 41 ο foam according to claim 23, characterized in that it is hard (hard foam) _o 42 ο foam according to claim 40 or 41, characterized “characterized in that the foam pores are open”, 43. Foam according to claim 40 or 41, characterized shows that the foam pores are closed. 44. Foam according to claim 23, characterized in that it is impregnated or sprayed with hardening substances
is. -6- 000024/1130 45. Foam according to claim 40 or 41, characterized in that the webs surrounding the cavities are “pressed together or cut out, _{or the like} 46ο foam according to claim 45 »characterized that the contiguous cavities are filled with a material made of =, in particular, poured out " 47ο Foam according to claim 40 or 41, characterized in that the top or intermediate layer is also provided with} slots _{or the like} 48ο foam according to claim 47, characterized in that that the slits of the different layers face each other are offset 49. Foam according to claim 35, 36, 47 or 48, characterized in that the ^ corner or ₀ intermediate layer consists of paper, plastic film, leather, synthetic leather, corrugated cardboard, foam, plywood, wood, sheet metal or a chipboard ₀ 50o method according to any one of claims 1 to 22, characterized marked that the foam is inclined to its surface> is provided with straight or curved slots. 51 ο foam according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is used in the extended state as a base for floor coverings, for example for carpets, serves. Patent attorney 009924/1130