DE1794240A1 - Mechanical processing of malleable metals - Google Patents

Description

BERLIN 33 β MUNICH

Dr.-Ing. HANS RUSCHKE ™ Dipl.-Ing. HEINZ AGULAR

Postal account:. PATFKITANWÄITP

Berlin West 74 94 KAITNLANWALTE Postal checking account:

Bank account: Some 682

Bank for trade and industry bank account:

Depository 92 Dresdner Bank

Berlin 33, Munich

Teplitzer Strasse 42 Dep.-Kassel Leopoldstrasse

Account 327608 Account 69515

Telegram address: Telegram address «·:

Quadrature Berlin - Quadrature Munich

Quaker Chemieal Corporation, Conshohocken, Pennsylvania,

Mechanical processing of malleable metals

The invention relates to improvements in mechanical Machining of malleable metals at high temperatures using synthetic lubricants «»

According to the present invention, the synthetic lubricants are particularly suitable for the shaping of Steel products, such as steel plates, bars, tapes, sheets, rods, girders and rails, and especially for continuous hot strip mills They can also be used for hot processing of copper, Brass, aluminum, magnesium and titanium.

109842 / US1

Modern lubricants often have to work at temperatures above about 204 ° C, where the known mineral oils are deteriorate rapidly, become corrosive and volatile and thus become useless for the intended purpose The available synthetic base oils, such as esters, ethers, silicones or hydrocarbon polymers, are subject to under these extreme conditions there is often thermal or oxidative degradation, which leads to the formation of Sludge and deposits, for viscosity changes, discoloration, increased corrosion effect and other undesirable Changes leads · Attempts to eliminate this deficiency with the help of the usual measures are due the extreme working conditions were unsuccessful; e.g. the addition of an antioxidant can be used for the purpose of Lessening the deterioration can cause increased corrosion, or the addition of an anti-wear agent can reduce stability «Attempts to eliminate new deficiencies often create new problems by causing increased sludge formation, etc. The previous knowledge about mineral oil preparations is therefore beneficial little to the development of successful synthetic lubricants that operate at temperatures above about 204 ° C can be used

So far, no satisfactory lubricants for hot rolling steel products have been available Therefore, no lubricants at all have been used «The creation of today's high-speed

109842/1451 «poor

Bana rolling mills "

tvturry

Strip rolling mills, the larger steel plates and continuous Potting operations have created an urgent need for hot processing lubricants around the surface damage in the finished products reduce a minimum and the service life of the working and counter rolls used for rolling the steel, to extend «The difficulty with regard to the creation of suitable lubricants becomes apparent, considering that continuous hot rolling operations be carried out at temperatures in the range from about 870 to 1150 ° 0 «.

In a typical continuous steel hot rolling mill, the draw frame can consist of one scale breaker stand, four or more four-roll roughing stands, a finishing scale breaker and 6 or more tandem four-roll finishing stands. Driven roller table rollers transport the steel from stand to stand. Steel plates are part of the route Temperatures in the range of about 1093 to 1315 ° C supplied «The steel plates are up to the desired Thickness is rolled, and the rolled product is made into desired Cut lengths or rolled up in one piece. The Yier roll finishing stands each consist from a pair of driven work rolls, between which the steel is machined and its thickness reduced. The work rolls work with backup or pressure rolls together, which gives the work rolls an additional

109842 / U5 1st support

Provide support and a greater reduction per through ' ensure gear. A description of such a continuous Hot strip mills can be found in "The Making, Shaping and Treating of Steel", 8th edition, Pp. 894-902 (1964) published by U.S. Steel Corp.

The aims of the invention are a method for the mechanical processing of deformable metals at high temperatures doors using a synthetic lubricant, as well as a synthetic lubricant suitable for use in this procedure

Particularly, by the present invention a process for the mechanical processing of deformable metals, such as steel, created, one to a deformable state heats the metal in which and by means of a Arbsitselementes with a force acting on the metal work surface a working pressure on W <the surface of the metal, the method being characterized in that a synthetic organic liquid lubricant is supplied to the working surface and evenly distributed thereon before the working surface is brought into contact with the heated deformable metal, namely in order to create a separating medium at the contact surface to create between the work surface and the surface of the metal.

the 109842 / U51 U

The invention also proposes a synthetic lubricant for shaping and machining deformable Metals at high temperatures, which is suitable for use for the above process and characterized thereby is that it contains a compound which 1) a polyol ester of fatty acids having 12 to 22 carbon atoms, the polyols having 2 to 12 hydroxyl groups, or a mixture thereof, 2) an acid phosphate ester of ethylene oxide condensates, 3) one modified with fatty acids Alkyd resin or '4) be an oxyalkylene copolymer can"

The present invention proposes synthetic lubricants which, for the first time, can be used particularly effectively for steel strip hot rolling. The lubricants according to the invention are in the liquid state or in the form of aqueous dispersions on the Metalworking elements such as the work rolls of a strip steel hot rolling mill, applied by means of any available device that provides a uniform continuous film on the surface of the work rolls generated. The liquid lubricant can be sprayed onto both the upper and the lower counter roll can be applied on the exit side of the stand so that the lubricant enters the point of engagement between the work and the counter roll

109842/1451 transported

- O -

is transported. At this point the lubricant will be uniform over the surfaces of the working and working areas the counter roll distributed. The lubricant can be applied to one or more frames of the finishing line are, »The application of the lubricant is generally carried out on the fulcrum frames (pivoi; stands) of the Finished track or those scaffolding that are most subject to rolling stock limited · If desired the lubricant can also be used on the roughing or roughing rollers during the actual rolling operations it has been found to be advantageous to remove the work rolls before a bar enters the special Keep the structure to which the lubricant is to be applied free of lubricant · If that If lubricant is present on the work rolls, the rod will not be properly gripped and the steel belt may stick to the roller because the coefficient of friction is reduced by the use of a lubricant and the roller tends to sag.

The following compounds are used as molding lubricants or machining metals, such as steel and the like, which are heated to their machining temperatures have been usable.

It

109842 / U51

Bs was found to be the polyol esters of fatty acids having 12 to 22 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof Lubricants for hot metal working represent. The preferred polyols have 2 "to 12 hydroxy groups"; these include, for example, pentaerythritol or polymers thereof, trimethylolathane, trimethylolpropane and glycols containing 2 to 40 carbon atoms « These polyols also include inositol, mannitol, sorbitol, glucose, sucrose, trimethylolbenzene, Hexamethylolbenzene, methylglucosides, glycerine, polyglycerine and actually any polyol produced by reaction with at least two selected fatty acid molecules able to form a minimum of a siest

The fatty acids that can be used to produce the polyol esters include the following:

(A) Natural, saturated or unsaturated fatty acids with Λ2 to 22 carbon atoms, including the following acids:

Lauric acid margaric acid iicanoic acid Lauroleic acid stearic acid elaeo-stearic acid Myristic acid oleic acid erucic acid myristoleic acid iinoleic acid docosapolyenoic acid

Arachidic acid, eicosenic acid, tallow fatty acids, which are mixtures of

Eikosapolyenäure behenic acid with saturated and unsaturated fatty acids

Pentadecanoic acid linoleic acid are 16 to 18 carbon atoms »

Palmitic acid eicinoleic acid «, '-, -, ..-,

Tallole

Palmitoleic acid dihydroxystearin-

acid

10984? / U61

aside from that

In addition, all isomers of the above acids, such as ZeB »elaidic acid, also belong to it« iso-acids such as neopentanoic acid, neodecanoic acid, Neotridecansäure or similar acids, which are obtained by oxidation of Oxoreaktions method the compounds obtained are also included in this group those acids by oxidation of olefins and alcohols OC extending from ^ - olefins derived are also useful. Finally, synthetic fatty acids from petroleum products and so-called naphthenic acids can also be used.

The esters of the fatty acids and polyols can be prepared according to any of the known methods conventionally used for Manufacture of these esters applied to be manufactured. This includes heating in one Distillation device with direct thermal fusing with or without catalysts «, Such catalysts acids, Lewis acids, metal oxides,

Metal hydroxides

* ~ iand the like «to be. The water from the implementation is then

removed in an appropriate manner. The azeotropic removal; 103842/1451

tion of the water of reaction, the distillation of the water of reaction in vacuo and the removal of the Reaction water by means of gas permeation can be used »The ester products can be used directly in an anhydrous state or in the form of an aqueous dispersion can be used as a lubricant for hot metalworking with the aid of suitable devices. Mixtures of esters can be used, or they can be mixed with mineral oil fractions or other solvents can be diluted for special applications. In addition, separation aids such as silicon Dioxyd, fine clay, plug ash, Fuller's earth, graphite, Talc and the like can be used in conjunction with the lubricants, especially when they are used for metal casting and forging.

Other lubricant compounds suitable for hot machining of metals are:
(B) Acid phosphate esters of ethylene oxide condensates »These condensates can include those with hydrophobic - fatty alcohols, phenolic and substituted phenolic alcohols, alcohols from oxo processes, and acetylenic alcohols. The hydrophilic portion can contain chains of ethylene glycol units, bropylene glycol units, or a mixture of the two. The acid content is

109842 / USI

supplied by an unesterified phosphoric acid group and can be neutralized with ammonia, an amine, an alkali hydroxide or an alkali metal hydroxide become or remain unneutralized.

(C) Alkyd resins modified with fatty acids «

These include condensation products of fatty acids, usually mixtures thereof, one or more

Polyols and a dicarboxylic acid. To these dicarbon

acids include phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, Succinic acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid and condensation products of Maleic anhydride with different masses, such as rosin "

(D) oxyalkylene copolymers,

These copolymers are produced, for example, by reaction

• j between ethylene oxide and propylene oxide with formation

.J -

of random copolymers or graft copolymers manufactured. Both groups can react by reacting the oxide with a reactive hydrogen containing compound, such as butanol or a similar mass, are formed.

The products of the groups B, 0 and D mentioned can be used as Lubricants in connection with mineral oils and / or

solvents 109 & 42 / U51

Solvents can be applied · Water can also be applied can be used as a diluent for the products of groups B, C and D, as well as other solvents «,

The following exemplary embodiments explain in particular useful lubricants for continuous steel strip hot rolling mills. The parts of the components in the examples are parts by weight.

EXAMPLE 1

Tallow fatty acids 840 parts Trimethylolethane 120 parts

These components were mixed and heated while nitrogen was bubbled through the bottom of the reaction flask to remove the water of reaction. While stirring the mixture was worked ° G at temperatures of about 260 to M 274th After about 54 parts of water had been removed, the reaction was stopped. The product was a brown liquid, which consisted mainly of trimethylolethane-tritallow fatty acid ester.

EXAMPLE 2

109 84 2M451

EXAMPLE 2

oleic acid 1120 parts

Pentaerythritol 136 parts

Toluenesulfanic acid 0.1 part

Xylene 50 parts

This mixture was heated to "temperatures" up to about 204 ° C heated while the water of reaction was removed by azeotropic distillation, the xylene layer being continuous was returned »After 70 parts of water of reaction had been removed, the xylene was evaporated in vacuo leaving a yellow liquid product remained, which consists essentially of the tetraoleate of Pentaerythritol existed.

EXAMPLE 5

Tall oil - distilled 855 parts £ Trimethylolpropane 135 parts

Boron trifluoride etherate 0.1 parts

This mixture was heated to about 163 ° 0 and at this temperature is maintained while cas water of reaction Was distilled off after 52 parts of water were removed with a vacuum being applied towards the end of the reaction, the product formed resulted as a yellow oil, which essentially consists of the trimethylolpropane trital oil ester duration,

"109842 / US 1 EXAMPLE

EXAMPLE 4

Tall oil head factionally 1000 parts Glycerin 92 parts

This mixture was heated to about 260-274 ° G, with a nitrogen flooding for "better distillation of the water has been applied · After about 50 ml Water of reaction had formed, the reaction was terminated and a dark brown liquid resulted. a which essentially consisted of glycerol trital oil ester.

EXAMPLE 5

"Red oil" (oleic acid) 560 parts Polyethylene glycol 600 parts p-toluenesulfonic acid 0.1 part

This mixture was heated to about 163 ° C. until parts of the water of reaction had been removed. A light brown one oily liquid was obtained which essentially φ borrowed from polyethylene glycol dioleate

EXAMPLE 6

Coconut fatty acids 1000 parts Dipentaerythritol 254 parts

This mixture was heated to 525 ° F (about 163 ° C), until 85 to 90 parts of water of reaction had been removed. The reaction product was a slightly viscous yellow ■

109842/145 1 brown

brown liquid consisting essentially of dipentaerythritol polycoconut fatty acid ester duration.

The lubricants of the invention are for continuous Production of hot rolled flat steel plates, steel strips, sheets and bars as well as others Metals and alloys such as copper, brass, aluminum, magnesium, titanium, etc. are useful. The lubricants are also for other hot metal processing methods such as extrusion, deformation, forging, continuous Potting, etc., usable. The lubricants have the property of both the surface of the working elements as well as that of the metal surface to be processed and to distribute itself on it, and create thus a burning medium between the surface of the working elements and the metal to be processed.

According to the present ^. Invention are special lubricants with predetermined viscosities, pouring points and lubricating properties for use for all types of Hot rolling methods created. These lubricants ensure excellent wetting of the surfaces of the hot rollers and form a film that adheres to the surface of the rollers remains and creates a separating buffer zone, whereby the oxide or a Sticking to the surface of the work and counter roll is prevented »The lubricants exercise their lubricating

9842/1451

function and then melt away, leaving behind of residues on the strip surface at the end of the rolling process is avoided «. The molecular EiIm remains on the strip long enough to to transfer a certain amount of lubricant to the subsequent framework. .

The invention offers numerous advantages and leads to a reduction in the maintenance costs for the equipment _Ä of hot strip mills *

The use of the lubricants according to the invention for

rods
machining steels at temperatures in the range of about 87O to II5O ⁰ C provides the following advantages:

1. The life of both the counter and work rolls will be extended. Due to today's increased waltz speeds, there is greater friction and increased Roller wear generated.

2. The rolling duration is considerable due to fewer roll changes decreased, resulting in increased production. The welding of scale to the roll surfaces is reduced.

3. The quality of the hot-rolled strips, e.g. their surface properties, is improved The enormous friction that occurs between the strip and the work rolls, leads to cracks or other damage in the metal surface, which are reduced by the lubricant.

109842/1451

4-0

4-. The strips are better pickled (by reducing the scale carried along, rolled-in scale, etc.) With less scale rolled-in, the pickling speeds can be increased ... - or counter roll) of the metal to be removed is reduced. This results in a greater production per set of _{rolls · 6 β} Lower loads on the hot rolls are made possible (low power consumption) _β

7o saving of working hours during the mechanical working by less frequent roll changes · (mounting and dismounting of the work rolls and support bearings,) 8 ₀ The volume of work rolls, which is required because of the frequent substitution can be vermidert · 9o Other advantages such as a lower Acid consumption during pickling. Overall, a high product quality and a higher yield are achieved due to the reduced damage to the hot rolls.A porous surface, which is caused by worn work rolls, is much more exposed to the penetration of impurities, which ultimately lead to rolled-in dirt . The costs for the roll renewal »are thus considerably reduced.

Claims 109842 / U51

Claims (11)

i7 ■ '■■■ 17 9 4 24 O - If * ".. claims 1. A method for mechanical processing of a deformable metal, such as ζ · Β _# steel, by heating the metal to a deformable state, exerting a working pressure on the surface of the metal with the aid of a working element with a working surface that acts on the metal characterized ^w that a synthetic ^ organic liquid lubricant is applied to the work surface and distributed on this before the work surface is brought into contact with the deformable metal to be machined in order to provide a separating medium between the contact surface of the work surface and the surface of the metal create, 2 _e method of claim 1, wherein M comprises using a polyol ester of a fatty acid as a lubricant, and the polyol 2 to 12 hydroxyl groups and the fatty acid. 12 to 22 have carbon atoms " 3 * method according to claim 2, characterized in; that a pentaerythribester one as a lubricant Use fatty acids with 12 to 22 carbon atoms. 4, 10Ö842 / 1451 ■ -. : '"" " 4-. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that that the lubricant is trimethylolethane-tritallow fatty acid ester, the tetraoleate of pentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane trital oil ester, Glycerine trital oil ester, polyethylene glycol dioleate or dipentaerythritol polycoconut fatty acid ester used » 5. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that an acidic phosphate ester of an ethylene oxide condensate is used as a lubricant, 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that one modified with fatty acids as a lubricant Alkyd resin used » 7ο method according to claim 1, characterized in that that an oxyalkylene copolymer is used as the lubricant. Thus, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7t thereby characterized in that that lubricant is applied in the form of an aqueous dispersion, 9 »Synthetic lubricant for the shaping and machining of malleable metals at high Temperaburen to be used for the process of '"" ■ "■■ ■■■■■■ <■■■;'■> ■ r, claim 1 BADORLGiNAL Claim 1 is suitable, characterized in that the Lubricant contains a compound which (1) a polyol ester of a fatty acid having 12 to 22 carbon atoms, wherein the polyol has 2 to 12 hydroxyl groups, or Mixtures thereof, (2) an acidic phosphoric acid ester of Ethylene oxide condensates, (J) an alkyd resin modified with fatty acids, or (4) an oxyalkylene copolymer can be", 10. Lubricant according to claim 9 »characterized ^ that it is a pentaerythritol ester of a fatty acid with 12 to Contains 22 carbon atoms 11. Lubricant according to claim 9t, characterized in that that it is trimethylolethane tritallow fatty acid ester, the tetroleate of pentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane trital oil ester, Glycerin tritalol ester, polyethylene glycol dioleate or dipentaerythritol polycoconut fatty acid ester · M 12 «lubricant according to one of claims 9» 10 or 11, characterized in that it is in the form of an aqueous Dispersion is present. Egg "-to 10984271A51