EP0303734B1 - Lubricant and method for cold deforming metallic materials - Google Patents
Lubricant and method for cold deforming metallic materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0303734B1 EP0303734B1 EP87114035A EP87114035A EP0303734B1 EP 0303734 B1 EP0303734 B1 EP 0303734B1 EP 87114035 A EP87114035 A EP 87114035A EP 87114035 A EP87114035 A EP 87114035A EP 0303734 B1 EP0303734 B1 EP 0303734B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lubricant
- alpha
- salts
- mass
- oligo
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title claims description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 title claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 alkaline earth metal salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical group CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005313 fatty acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005608 naphthenic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical group ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 2
- AJFXNBUVIBKWBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;boric acid;hydrogen borate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB(O)O.OB([O-])[O-] AJFXNBUVIBKWBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019830 sodium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FHUDAMLDXFJHJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-one Chemical compound CC(=O)C(F)(F)F FHUDAMLDXFJHJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SDLKTZHEXJXUMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1-phenylethylidene)propanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C(O)=O)=C(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 SDLKTZHEXJXUMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 0 CCCC(CC)*CCc1ccccc1 Chemical compound CCCC(CC)*CCc1ccccc1 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1ccccc1 Chemical compound Cc1ccccc1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010013786 Dry skin Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000611421 Elia Species 0.000 description 1
- WTPUKBUYGDXTOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N F[C](Cl)Br Chemical compound F[C](Cl)Br WTPUKBUYGDXTOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910017028 MnSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009775 high-speed stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014593 oils and fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M103/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being an inorganic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
- C10M105/22—Carboxylic acids or their salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
- C10M105/22—Carboxylic acids or their salts
- C10M105/24—Carboxylic acids or their salts having only one carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom, cycloaliphatic carbon atom or hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
- C10M105/22—Carboxylic acids or their salts
- C10M105/26—Carboxylic acids or their salts having more than one carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom or cycloaliphatic carbon atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
- C10M107/20—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M111/04—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
- C10M125/10—Metal oxides, hydroxides, carbonates or bicarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
- C10M129/28—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M129/38—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms
- C10M129/40—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms monocarboxylic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/26—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof
- C10M129/28—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M129/38—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms
- C10M129/42—Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 8 or more carbon atoms polycarboxylic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/86—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of 30 or more atoms
- C10M129/92—Carboxylic acids
- C10M129/93—Carboxylic acids having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
- C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/003—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/02—Water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/04—Elements
- C10M2201/0403—Elements used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/04—Elements
- C10M2201/043—Sulfur; Selenenium; Tellurium
- C10M2201/0433—Sulfur; Selenenium; Tellurium used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
- C10M2201/062—Oxides; Hydroxides; Carbonates or bicarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/085—Phosphorus oxides, acids or salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/087—Boron oxides, acids or salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/04—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing aromatic monomers, e.g. styrene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/103—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/1203—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
- C10M2207/1213—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
- C10M2207/123—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms polycarboxylic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
- C10M2207/123—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms polycarboxylic
- C10M2207/1233—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms polycarboxylic used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
- C10M2207/1253—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
- C10M2207/126—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids monocarboxylic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
- C10M2207/127—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids polycarboxylic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
- C10M2207/127—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids polycarboxylic
- C10M2207/1273—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids polycarboxylic used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
- C10M2207/1293—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/16—Naphthenic acids
- C10M2207/163—Naphthenic acids used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/18—Tall oil acids
- C10M2207/183—Tall oil acids used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/20—Rosin acids
- C10M2207/203—Rosin acids used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/22—Acids obtained from polymerised unsaturated acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/22—Acids obtained from polymerised unsaturated acids
- C10M2207/223—Acids obtained from polymerised unsaturated acids used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/24—Epoxidised acids; Ester derivatives thereof
- C10M2207/243—Epoxidised acids; Ester derivatives thereof used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/26—Overbased carboxylic acid salts
- C10M2207/2606—Overbased carboxylic acid salts used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/26—Overbased carboxylic acid salts
- C10M2207/262—Overbased carboxylic acid salts derived from hydroxy substituted aromatic acids, e.g. salicylates
- C10M2207/2623—Overbased carboxylic acid salts derived from hydroxy substituted aromatic acids, e.g. salicylates used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/003—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/24—Metal working without essential removal of material, e.g. forming, gorging, drawing, pressing, stamping, rolling or extruding; Punching metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/241—Manufacturing joint-less pipes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/242—Hot working
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/243—Cold working
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
- C10N2040/245—Soft metals, e.g. aluminum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
- C10N2040/246—Iron or steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
- C10N2040/247—Stainless steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/015—Dispersions of solid lubricants
- C10N2050/02—Dispersions of solid lubricants dissolved or suspended in a carrier which subsequently evaporates to leave a lubricant coating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
- C10N2070/02—Concentrating of additives
Definitions
- the invention relates to a lubricant and a method for cold forming metallic materials with such a lubricant.
- the invention can be used, for example, for cold rolling, cold upsetting, thread rolling, drawing sheet metal parts, calibrating sintered parts, stranding and bending, in particular for drawing extruded material such as wire, profiles and tubes.
- a lubricant When cold-forming wire, profiles, pipes and other material to be formed, a lubricant must be applied to the material to be formed, which is to prevent direct contact between the working surfaces of the tool and the surface of the material to be formed.
- lubricants which are liquid at room temperature is known.
- the liquid lubricants include alkali, alkaline earth, ammonium and zinc salts or related Metal or non-metal salts of acids with more than 10 carbon atoms in the molecule, preferably calcium stearate, are used in organic solvents, for example benzene or trichlorethylene (DE-OS 29 20 857).
- the DD-PS describes a similar system consisting of calcium or zinc stearate in an organic solvent, in particular benzene, trichlorethylene, chlorofluoro-, fluor-bromo-, chlor-bromofluorocarbon, trifluoroacetone or mixtures thereof 148 012.
- this lubricant saves a lubricant carrier layer which is applied by liming, phosphating, oxalating, boraxing, copper plating or tinning, it is disadvantageous to dispose of physiologically questionable solvents which, for example, have to be carried out by suction and for which special devices are required.
- the achievable surface quality of the material to be formed is also associated with high tool wear. Repeated coatings may be required if there are several forming stages, so that these lubricants are not suitable for multiple forming operations.
- a method for cold forming of metals is also known, in which an aqueous solution or dispersion of a water-soluble thermoplastic resin (polyacrylic acid, copolymers of acrylic acid or maleic acid with vinyl compounds, polyacrylamide, polyvinylpyrrolidone or saponification products) is first applied to the metal surface of polyvinyl acetate) and a melamine / cyanuric acid or.
- a water-soluble thermoplastic resin polyacrylic acid, copolymers of acrylic acid or maleic acid with vinyl compounds, polyacrylamide, polyvinylpyrrolidone or saponification products
- a metal soap Ca, Ba, Zn, Na or Li stearate, possibly with the addition of calcium carbonate, talc, graphite and / or molybdenum disulfide
- a lubricating oil commercially available oils and fats or mineral oils
- the invention has for its object to provide the prerequisites for a high-performance and economically favorable single or multi-stage cold forming, in which a high lubrication effect is achieved with as little lubrication effort as possible and thus high degrees of deformation and speeds can be achieved even with difficult-to-form materials, and which also enables a technologically simple and safe cleaning of the surface of the formed material from lubricant residues, and to specify a suitable lubricant.
- the lubricant according to the invention is characterized in that it additionally contains salts of oligo-alpha-methylstyrene dicarboxylic acids in a concentration of 0.01 to 30 % By mass as a high-pressure additive and 0 to 90% by mass of polyphosphate.
- oligo-alpha-methylstyrene dicarboxylic acids preferably have terminal carboxyl groups. Suitable are, for example, oligo-alpha-methylstyrene dicarboxylic acids of the formula (I) wherein the units of the alpha-methylstyrene are each 1,1-, 1,2- or 2,2-linked and n is selected such that oligomers with an average molecular weight of preferably 500 to 800 are present, in particular n is 3 to 6.
- each unit of the formula (I) can be linked head / head, head / tail or tail / tail to the adjacent unit (cf. Elias, Makromolekule, p. 43, Hüthig and Wepf 1975).
- alkali and / or alkaline earth metal salts are used as salts of the oligo-alpha-methylstyrene-dicarboxylic acids.
- Salts of such oligo-alpha-methylstyrene-dicarboxylic acids having an average molecular mass of 500 to 800 and a carboxyl functionality of 1.5 to are advantageous for the lubricant 2 have.
- the concentration of the salts of the oligo-alpha-methylstyrene-dicarboxylic acids is preferably 2 to 10% by mass. In the case of a polyphosphate additive, its concentration is preferably 30 to 70%.
- the lubricant according to the invention can be present either in dry form or advantageously with a liquid content of 50 to 98% by mass, preferably water, in a pasty to liquid state, the concentration of the salts of oligo-alpha-methylstyrene in the case of a pasty or liquid state dicarboxylic acids 0.005 to 15 mass%, preferably 0.1 to 2.5 mass%, and that of the polyphosphate is 0 to 45 mass%. If a lubricant in this state contains polyphosphate, its concentration is preferably 1.5 to 15% by mass.
- the invention further relates to a method for cold forming metallic materials using a generic lubricant, in which according to the invention in a liquid up to 50% by mass of lubricant and as additives 0.005 to 15% by mass of salts of oligo-alpha-methylstyrene-dicarboxylic acids and 0 to 45% by mass of polyphosphate are contained, the forming process being carried out either directly in a bath prepared with this lubricant or using a preferably dried lubricant layer applied to the material to be formed.
- An advantage of the lubricant according to the invention is that the salts of the oligo-alpha-methylstyrene-dicarboxylic acids with the other lubricant constituents can be easily removed from the surface of the material to be shaped after the shaping has been carried out. This eliminates expensive cleaning processes, galvanic post-treatment processes can be carried out economically; the adhesive strength of layers subsequently applied by electroplating is excellent.
- Lubricant-technically advantageous variants of the forming process result in particular when, after contacting the material to be formed with a lubricant liquid, a drying process is carried out and a solid lubricant layer is thus formed on the material to be formed.
- Such layers have a very high dynamic viscosity, so that high forming speeds and degrees can be achieved even with difficult-to-form materials, and several forming steps are possible with just one application of lubricant.
- the severity of the material to be formed and the type of forming process 3 to 25 forming stages are possible.
- the wire with this lubricant is drawn in 6 drawing steps from 5.5 mm to 2.0 mm in diameter.
- the material to be reshaped is drawn in several stages by means of drawing nozzles with a total cross-sectional decrease of 82%. Without the addition of the salt of oligo-alpha-methylstyrene-dicarboxylic acid, the same material can be pulled in the same way with a total decrease in cross-section of only 59%.
- the lubricant can advantageously be used, for example, when pulling wire and tubes or when cold upsetting standard parts such as screws and nuts.
- the lubricant coating produced is then dried.
- a solid coating consisting of the substances contained in the liquid lubricant remains on the wire, which offers sufficient medium-term corrosion protection under normal storage conditions and which at the same time represents a lubricant coating for further processing of the wire, for example for a cold upsetting process or thread rolling.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Schmiermittel und ein Verfahren zur Kaltumformung metallischer Werkstoffe mit einem derartigen Schmiermittel. Die Erfindung ist beispielsweise anwendbar für das Kaltwalzen, Kaltstauchen, Gewindewalzen, Ziehen von Blechteilen, Kalibrieren von Sinterteilen, Verseilen und Biegen, insbesondere für das Ziehen von strangförmigem Umformgut wie Draht, Profilen und Rohren.The invention relates to a lubricant and a method for cold forming metallic materials with such a lubricant. The invention can be used, for example, for cold rolling, cold upsetting, thread rolling, drawing sheet metal parts, calibrating sintered parts, stranding and bending, in particular for drawing extruded material such as wire, profiles and tubes.
Beim Kaltumformen von Draht, Profilen, Rohren und anderem Umformgut muß vor dem Umformwerkzeug auf das Umformgut ein Schmiermittel aufgetragen werden, welches den unmittelbaren Kontakt zwischen den Arbeitsflächen des Werkzeuges und der Oberfläche des Umformgutes verhindern soll. Dabei ist die Verwendung von bei Raumtemperatur flüssigen Schmiermitteln bekannt.When cold-forming wire, profiles, pipes and other material to be formed, a lubricant must be applied to the material to be formed, which is to prevent direct contact between the working surfaces of the tool and the surface of the material to be formed. The use of lubricants which are liquid at room temperature is known.
Als flüssige Schmiermittel werden unter anderem Alkali-, Erdalkali-, Ammonium- und Zinksalze oder artverwandte Metall- bzw. Nichtmetallsalze von Säuren mit mehr als 10 C-Atomen im Molekül, vorzugsweise Calciumstearat, in organischen Lösungsmitteln, beispielsweise Benzol oder Trichlorethylen, verwendet (DE-OS 29 20 857).The liquid lubricants include alkali, alkaline earth, ammonium and zinc salts or related Metal or non-metal salts of acids with more than 10 carbon atoms in the molecule, preferably calcium stearate, are used in organic solvents, for example benzene or trichlorethylene (DE-OS 29 20 857).
Ein ähnliches System, das aus Calcium- oder Zinkstearat in einem organischen Lösungsmittel, insbesondere Benzol, Trichlorethylen, Chlor-Fluor-, Fluor-Brom-, Chlor-Brom-Fluor-Kohlenwasserstoff, Trifluoraceton oder deren Mischungen, besteht, beschreibt die DD-PS 148 012. Diese Schmiermittel ersparen zwar eine Schmiermittelträgerschicht, die durch Kalken, Phosphatieren, Oxalatieren, Boraxen, Verkupfern oder Verzinnen aufgebracht wird, nachteilig ist jedoch die Entsorgung physiologisch bedenklicher Lösungsmittel, die zum Beispiel durch Absaugen erfolgen muß und wofür spezielle Vorrichtungen erforderlich sind. Die erzielbare Oberflächenqualität des Umformgutes ist außerdem mit hohem Werkzeugverschleiß verbunden. Bei mehreren Umformstufen können wiederholte Beschichtungen erforderlich sein, so daß diese Schmiermittel nicht für Mehrfachumformungen geeignet sind.The DD-PS describes a similar system consisting of calcium or zinc stearate in an organic solvent, in particular benzene, trichlorethylene, chlorofluoro-, fluor-bromo-, chlor-bromofluorocarbon, trifluoroacetone or mixtures thereof 148 012. Although this lubricant saves a lubricant carrier layer which is applied by liming, phosphating, oxalating, boraxing, copper plating or tinning, it is disadvantageous to dispose of physiologically questionable solvents which, for example, have to be carried out by suction and for which special devices are required. The achievable surface quality of the material to be formed is also associated with high tool wear. Repeated coatings may be required if there are several forming stages, so that these lubricants are not suitable for multiple forming operations.
Aus der DE-OS 34 38 525 ist auch ein Verfahren zur Kaltumformung von Metallen bekannt, bei dem zunächst auf die Metalloberfläche eine wäßrige Lösung oder Dispersion aus einem wasserlöslichen thermoplastischen Harz (Polyacrylsäure, Copolymere von Acrylsäure oder Maleinsäure mit Vinylverbindungen, Polyacrylamid, Polyvinylpyrrolidon oder Verseifungsprodukte von Polyvinylacetat) und einem Melamin/Cyanursäure-bzw. Isocyanursäure-Addukt bei einem Gewichtsverhältnis von Harz zu Addukt = 1 : 0,3 bis 1,2 aufgebracht, mindestens 30 Minuten bei Raumtemperatur und anschließend in der Wärme getrocknet und danach eine Metallseife (Ca-, Ba-, Zn-, Na- oder Li-Stearat, eventuell mit einem Zusatz von Calciumcarbonat, Talk, Graphit und/oder Molybdändisulfid) und/oder ein Schmieröl (handelsübliche Öle und Fette bzw. Mineralöle) aufgebracht wird.From DE-OS 34 38 525 a method for cold forming of metals is also known, in which an aqueous solution or dispersion of a water-soluble thermoplastic resin (polyacrylic acid, copolymers of acrylic acid or maleic acid with vinyl compounds, polyacrylamide, polyvinylpyrrolidone or saponification products) is first applied to the metal surface of polyvinyl acetate) and a melamine / cyanuric acid or. Isocyanuric acid adduct applied at a weight ratio of resin to adduct = 1: 0.3 to 1.2, dried for at least 30 minutes at room temperature and then in the heat and then a metal soap (Ca, Ba, Zn, Na or Li stearate, possibly with the addition of calcium carbonate, talc, graphite and / or molybdenum disulfide) and / or a lubricating oil (commercially available oils and fats or mineral oils) is applied.
Der Nachteil dieses Verfahrens besteht darin, daß 2 Stufen mit langen Trocknungszeiten zur Aufbringung des Schmiermittels erforderlich sind. Die Verwendung von Hochdruckzusätzen, wie CaCO₃, Talk, Graphit und Molybdändisulfid, erfordert zur Vermeidung von Absetzerscheinungen ein ständiges Umrühren. Es entstehen außerdem starke Umweltbelastungen, da bei den Zwischenglühungen an der Luft im Falle des Zusatzes von Molybdändisulfid schwefelsaure Gase korrosiver Art entstehen. Graphit führt auch zur direkten Verschmutzung der Anlagenteile, die dem Verfahren ausgesetzt sind. Bei Zwischenglühungen kann die Anwesenheit von Graphit zur Aufkohlung der umgeformten Werkstoffe in den Fällen führen, wo der Schmiermittelrestfilm nicht durch entsprechende Reinigungsverfahren entfernt wird, die jedoch technologisch aufwendig und deshalb wirtschaftlich ungünstig sind.The disadvantage of this method is that 2 stages with long drying times are required to apply the lubricant. The use of high-pressure additives, such as CaCO₃, talc, graphite and molybdenum disulfide, requires constant stirring to avoid settling. In addition, there are strong environmental impacts, since the intermediate annealing in the air, if molybdenum disulfide is added, produces corrosive sulfuric gases. Graphite also leads to direct contamination of the system parts that are exposed to the process. In the case of intermediate annealing, the presence of graphite can lead to carburization of the formed materials in cases where the residual lubricant film is not removed by appropriate cleaning processes, which are, however, technologically complex and therefore economically unfavorable.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Voraussetzungen für eine hochleistungsfähige und wirtschaftlich günstige ein- oder mehrstufige Kaltumformung zu schaffen, bei der mit möglichst geringem schmierungstechnischem Aufwand ein hoher Schmiereffekt erreicht und damit auch bei schwerumformbaren Werkstoffen hohe Umformgrade und -geschwindigkeiten realisiert werden können, und die darüber hinaus eine technologisch einfache und sichere Reinigung der Oberfläche des Umformgutes von Schmiermittelresten ermöglicht, und ein dafür geeignetes Schmiermittel anzugeben.The invention has for its object to provide the prerequisites for a high-performance and economically favorable single or multi-stage cold forming, in which a high lubrication effect is achieved with as little lubrication effort as possible and thus high degrees of deformation and speeds can be achieved even with difficult-to-form materials, and which also enables a technologically simple and safe cleaning of the surface of the formed material from lubricant residues, and to specify a suitable lubricant.
Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß den Hauptansprüchen gelöst. Die abhängigen Ansprüche betreffen vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen.This task is solved according to the main claims. The dependent claims relate to advantageous developments.
Das erfindungsgemäße Schmiermittel, das Fett- oder Naphthensäuren und/oder deren Salze als Schmierstoff und ggf. anororganische und/oder organische Verbindungen als Zusätze enthält, die als Dispergiermittel, Haftvermittler, Filmbildner, Hochdruckzusätze bzw. unter dynamischen Bedingungen als Viskositätsstabilisatoren dienen, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es zusätzlich Salze von Oligo-alpha-methylstyroldicarbonsäuren in einer Konzentration von 0,01 bis 30 Masse-% als Hochdruckzusatz sowie 0 bis 90 Masse-% Polyphosphat enthält.The lubricant according to the invention, the fatty or naphthenic acids and / or their salts as a lubricant and optionally inorganic and / or contains organic compounds as additives which serve as dispersants, adhesion promoters, film formers, high pressure additives or under dynamic conditions as viscosity stabilizers, is characterized in that it additionally contains salts of oligo-alpha-methylstyrene dicarboxylic acids in a concentration of 0.01 to 30 % By mass as a high-pressure additive and 0 to 90% by mass of polyphosphate.
Die Oligo-alpha-methylstyroldicarbonsäuren weisen vorzugsweise endständige Carboxylgruppen auf. Geeignet sind z.B. Oligo-alpha-methylstyroldicarbonsäuren der Formel (I)
wobei die Einheiten des Alpha-methylstyrols jeweils 1,1-, 1,2- oder 2,2-verknüpft sind und n so gewählt ist, daß Oligomere mit einer mittleren Molekularmasse von vorzugsweise 500 bis 800 vorliegen, insbesondere ist n 3 bis 6.The oligo-alpha-methylstyrene dicarboxylic acids preferably have terminal carboxyl groups. Suitable are, for example, oligo-alpha-methylstyrene dicarboxylic acids of the formula (I)
wherein the units of the alpha-methylstyrene are each 1,1-, 1,2- or 2,2-linked and n is selected such that oligomers with an average molecular weight of preferably 500 to 800 are present, in particular n is 3 to 6.
Jede Einheit der Formel (I) kann bekannterweise Kopf/Kopf, Kopf/Schwanz oder Schwanz/Schwanz mit der benachbarten Einheit verknüpft sein (vgl. Elias, Makromoleküle, S. 43, Hüthig u. Wepf 1975).As is known, each unit of the formula (I) can be linked head / head, head / tail or tail / tail to the adjacent unit (cf. Elias, Makromolekule, p. 43, Hüthig and Wepf 1975).
Nach einer zweckmäßigen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung werden als Salze der Oligo-alpha-methylstyrol-dicarbonsäuren Alkali- und/oder Erdalkalisalze verwendet. Vorteilhaft sind für das Schmiermittel Salze solcher Oligo-alpha-methylstyrol-dicarbonsäuren, die eine mittlere Molekularmasse von 500 bis 800 und eine Carboxylfunktionalität von 1,5 bis 2 aufweisen. Die Konzentration der Salze der Oligo-alpha-methylstyrol-dicarbonsäuren beträgt vorzugsweise 2 bis 10 Masse-%. Im Falle eines Polyphosphat-Zusatzes beträgt dessen Konzentration vorzugsweise 30 bis 70 %.According to an expedient embodiment of the invention, alkali and / or alkaline earth metal salts are used as salts of the oligo-alpha-methylstyrene-dicarboxylic acids. Salts of such oligo-alpha-methylstyrene-dicarboxylic acids having an average molecular mass of 500 to 800 and a carboxyl functionality of 1.5 to are advantageous for the lubricant 2 have. The concentration of the salts of the oligo-alpha-methylstyrene-dicarboxylic acids is preferably 2 to 10% by mass. In the case of a polyphosphate additive, its concentration is preferably 30 to 70%.
Das erfindungsgemäße Schmiermittel kann entweder in trockener Form oder vorteilhaft mit einem Flüssigkeitsgehalt von 50 bis 98 Masse-%, vorzugsweise Wasser, in pastenförmigem bis flüssigem Zustand vorliegen, wobei im Falle eines pastenförmigen oder flüssigen Zustandes die Konzentration der Salze von Oligo-alpha-methylstyrol-dicarbonsäuren 0,005 bis 15 Masse-%, vorzugsweise 0,1 bis 2,5 Masse-%, und die des Polyphosphats 0 bis 45 Masse-% beträgt. Sofern ein in diesem Zustand befindliches Schmiermittel Polyphosphat enthält, beträgt dessen Konzentration vorzugsweise 1,5 bis 15 Masse-%.The lubricant according to the invention can be present either in dry form or advantageously with a liquid content of 50 to 98% by mass, preferably water, in a pasty to liquid state, the concentration of the salts of oligo-alpha-methylstyrene in the case of a pasty or liquid state dicarboxylic acids 0.005 to 15 mass%, preferably 0.1 to 2.5 mass%, and that of the polyphosphate is 0 to 45 mass%. If a lubricant in this state contains polyphosphate, its concentration is preferably 1.5 to 15% by mass.
Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zur Kaltumformung metallischer Werkstoffe unter Anwendung eines gattungsgemäßen Schmiermittels, bei dem erfindungsgemäß in einer Flüssigkeit bis zu 50 Masse-% Schmierstoff sowie als Zusätze 0,005 bis 15 Masse-% Salze von Oligo-alpha-methylstyrol-dicarbonsäuren und 0 bis 45 Masse-% Polyphosphat enthalten sind, wobei der Umformprozeß entweder unmittelbar innerhalb eines mit diesem Schmiermittel hergerichteten Bades oder unter Ausnutzung einer auf das Umformgut aufgebrachten, vorzugsweise getrockneten Schmiermittelschicht durchgeführt wird.The invention further relates to a method for cold forming metallic materials using a generic lubricant, in which according to the invention in a liquid up to 50% by mass of lubricant and as additives 0.005 to 15% by mass of salts of oligo-alpha-methylstyrene-dicarboxylic acids and 0 to 45% by mass of polyphosphate are contained, the forming process being carried out either directly in a bath prepared with this lubricant or using a preferably dried lubricant layer applied to the material to be formed.
Ein Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Schmiermittels besteht darin, daß sich die Salze der Oligo-alpha-methylstyrol-dicarbonsäuren mit den übrigen Schmiermittelbestandteilen nach erfolgter Umformung einfach von der Umformgutoberfläche entfernen lassen. Dadurch entfallen teure Reinigungsverfahren, galvanische Nachbehandlungsverfahren können wirtschaftlich günstig durchgeführt werden; die Haftfestigkeit von danach galvanisch aufgetragenen Schichten ist ausgezeichnet. Schmiermitteltechnisch günstige Varianten der Umformverfahren ergeben sich besonders dann, wenn nach dem Kontaktieren des umzuformenden Werkstoffes mit einer Schmiermittelflüssigkeit ein Trocknungsprozeß durchgeführt und damit auf dem Umformgut eine feste Schmierstoffschicht ausgebildet wird. Derartige Schichten besitzen eine sehr hohe dynamische Viskosität, so daß auch bei schwer umformbaren Werkstoffen hohe Umformgeschwindigkeiten und -grade realisiert werden können und mehrere Umformstufen mit nur einem Schmiermittelauftrag möglich sind. Dabei sind je nach Material, Schwere des Umformgutes und Art des Umformverfahrens 3 bis 25 Umformstufen möglich.An advantage of the lubricant according to the invention is that the salts of the oligo-alpha-methylstyrene-dicarboxylic acids with the other lubricant constituents can be easily removed from the surface of the material to be shaped after the shaping has been carried out. This eliminates expensive cleaning processes, galvanic post-treatment processes can be carried out economically; the adhesive strength of layers subsequently applied by electroplating is excellent. Lubricant-technically advantageous variants of the forming process result in particular when, after contacting the material to be formed with a lubricant liquid, a drying process is carried out and a solid lubricant layer is thus formed on the material to be formed. Such layers have a very high dynamic viscosity, so that high forming speeds and degrees can be achieved even with difficult-to-form materials, and several forming steps are possible with just one application of lubricant. Depending on the material, the severity of the material to be formed and the type of forming process, 3 to 25 forming stages are possible.
Die Erfindung ist nachstehend an Hand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments.
Ein durch mehrstufiges Ziehen umzuformender Stahldraht der Werkstoffqualität M 45 wird vor dem 1. Ziehstein durch ein Schmiermittelpulver gezogen, welches folgende Zusammensetzung aufweist:
- 44,0 Masse-%
- technisches Calciumstearat
- 27,0 Masse-%
- Dinatriumtetraborat
- 16,3 Masse-%
- Polyvinylalkohol
- 12,7 Masse-%
- Natriumsalz einer Oligo-alpha-methyl-styrol-dicarbonsäure (Mn: 680; Funktionalität: 1,85).
- 44.0 mass%
- technical calcium stearate
- 27.0 mass%
- Disodium tetraborate
- 16.3 mass%
- Polyvinyl alcohol
- 12.7 mass%
- Sodium salt of an oligo-alpha-methyl-styrene-dicarboxylic acid (M n : 680; functionality: 1.85).
Der mit diesem Schmiermittel behaftete Draht wird in 6 Ziehstufen von 5,5 mm an 2,0 mm Durchmesser gezogen.The wire with this lubricant is drawn in 6 drawing steps from 5.5 mm to 2.0 mm in diameter.
Ein pastenförmiges Schmiermittelkonzentrat folgender Zusammensetzung
- 10,5 Masse-%
- Kalkseife
- 4,8 Masse-%
- Natriumtetraborat
- 4,8 Masse-%
- Calciumcarbonat
- 2,5 Masse-%
- Polyvinylalkohol
- 1,4 Masse-%
- Natriumsalz einer Oligo-alpha-methyl-styrol-dicarbonsäure (Mn: 680; Funktionalität: 1,85)
- Rest
- Wasser
- 10.5 mass%
- Lime soap
- 4.8 mass%
- Sodium tetraborate
- 4.8 mass%
- Calcium carbonate
- 2.5 mass%
- Polyvinyl alcohol
- 1.4 mass%
- Sodium salt of an oligo-alpha-methyl-styrene-dicarboxylic acid (M n : 680; functionality: 1.85)
- rest
- water
Auf einen umzuformenden Stahldraht der Werkstoffqualität 10 MnSi 6 wird ein Schmiermittel, das aus
- 8,2 Masse-%
- technischem Calciumstearat
- 4,1 Masse-%
- Dinatriumtetraborat
- 2,5 Masse-%
- Polyvinylalkohol
- 0,4 Masse-%
- Natriumsalz einer Oligo-alpha-methyl-styrol-dicarbonsäure (Mn: 680; Funktionalität: 1,85)
- Rest
- Wasser
- 8.2 mass%
- technical calcium stearate
- 4.1 mass%
- Disodium tetraborate
- 2.5 mass%
- Polyvinyl alcohol
- 0.4 mass%
- Sodium salt of an oligo-alpha-methyl-styrene-dicarboxylic acid (M n : 680; functionality: 1.85)
- rest
- water
Der umzuformende Werkstoff wird mittels Ziehdüsen mehrstufig mit einer Gesamtquerschnittsabnahme von 82 % gezogen. Ohne den Zusatz des Salzes der Oligo-alpha-methylstyrol-dicarbonsäure kann der gleiche Werkstoff in derselben Weise mit einer Gesamtquerschnittsabnahme von nur 59 % gezogen werden.The material to be reshaped is drawn in several stages by means of drawing nozzles with a total cross-sectional decrease of 82%. Without the addition of the salt of oligo-alpha-methylstyrene-dicarboxylic acid, the same material can be pulled in the same way with a total decrease in cross-section of only 59%.
Dieses Beispiel bezieht sich auf das Naßziehen eines Stahldrahtes mit einem Schmiermittel folgender Zusammensetzung:
- 5,0 Masse-%
- Kalkseife
- 0,5 Masse-%
- Natriumtetraborat
- 0,25 Masse-%
- Natriumsalz einer Oligo-alpha-methylstyrol-dicarbonsäure (Mn: 680; Funktionalität: 1,85)
- 5,0 Masse-%
- Natriumpolyphosphat
- Rest
- Wasser
Mit diesem Schmiermittel wird Stahldraht der Werkstoffqualität M 10 in einem 2stufigen Schlußnaßzug von 0,6 mm an 0,5 mm Durchmesser gezogen. Der so hergestellte Draht wird ohne eine anschließende Reinigung für die Herstellung von Drahtglas verwendet.This example relates to the wet drawing of a steel wire with a lubricant of the following composition:
- 5.0 mass%
- Lime soap
- 0.5 mass%
- Sodium tetraborate
- 0.25 mass%
- Sodium salt of an oligo-alpha-methylstyrene dicarboxylic acid (M n : 680; functionality: 1.85)
- 5.0 mass%
- Sodium polyphosphate
- rest
- water
This lubricant is used to pull steel wire of material quality M 10 in a two-stage final wet pull of 0.6 mm to 0.5 mm in diameter. The wire thus produced is used for the production of wire glass without subsequent cleaning.
Zur Vorbereitung der Umformung wird Umformgut in ein flüssiges Schmiermittel folgender Zusammensetzung getaucht:
- 5,0 Masse-%
- technisches Calciumstearat
- 2,5 Masse-%
- Natriumtetraborat
- 1,5 Masse-%
- Polyvinylalkohol
- 0,1 Masse-%
- Natriumsalz einer Oligo-alpha-methylstyrol-dicabonsäure (Mn: 560; Funktionalität: 1,92)
- Rest
- Wasser.
- 5.0 mass%
- technical calcium stearate
- 2.5 mass%
- Sodium tetraborate
- 1.5 mass%
- Polyvinyl alcohol
- 0.1 mass%
- Sodium salt of an oligo-alpha-methylstyrene dicabonic acid (M n : 560; functionality: 1.92)
- rest
- Water.
Nach dem vor der Umformung vorgenommenen Trocknen liegt auf dem Draht eine Schmiermittelauflage von 8,3 g/m² vor. Sofern größere oder kleinere Schmiermittelauflagen eingestellt werden sollen, kann dies in einfacher Weise über einen veränderten Gehalt an Natriumsalz der Oligo-alpha-methylstyrol-dicarbonsäure im flüssigen Schmiermittel erreicht werden. Dabei gelten folgende Zusammenhänge:
Das Schmiermittel kann vorteilhaft beispielsweise beim Ziehen von Draht und Rohren oder beim Kaltstauchen von Normteilen, wie Schrauben und Muttern, eingesetzt werden.The lubricant can advantageously be used, for example, when pulling wire and tubes or when cold upsetting standard parts such as screws and nuts.
Ein auf seine Endabmessung gezogener Stahldraht der Werkstoffqualität C 15 Q wird im Durchlaufverfahren mit einem flüssigen Schmiermittel folgender Zusammensetzung beschichtet:
- 4 Masse-%
- technisches Calciumstearat
- 0,5 Masse-%
- Natriumsalz einer Oligo-alpha-methylstyrol-dicarbonsäure (Mn: 560; Funktionalität: 1,92)
- 12 Masse-%
- Natriumpolyphosphat
- Rest
- Wasser.
- 4 mass%
- technical calcium stearate
- 0.5 mass%
- Sodium salt of an oligo-alpha-methylstyrene dicarboxylic acid (M n : 560; functionality: 1.92)
- 12 mass%
- Sodium polyphosphate
- rest
- Water.
Anschließend wird der erzeugte Schmiermittelüberzug getrocknet. Auf dem Draht verbleibt ein aus den im flüssigen Schmiermittel enthaltenen Substanzen bestehender fester Überzug, der einen unter normalen Lagerbedingungen ausreichenden mittelfristigen Korrosionsschutz bietet und der gleichzeitig einen Schmiermittelüberzug für das Weiterverarbeiten des Drahtes, beispielsweise für einen Kaltstauchvorgang oder ein Gewinderollen, darstellt.The lubricant coating produced is then dried. A solid coating consisting of the substances contained in the liquid lubricant remains on the wire, which offers sufficient medium-term corrosion protection under normal storage conditions and which at the same time represents a lubricant coating for further processing of the wire, for example for a cold upsetting process or thread rolling.
Bei den Salzen der Oligo-alpha-methylstyrol-dicarbonsäuren handelt es sich um Salze verschiedener oligomerer Säuren, zu denen beispielsweise folgende tetramere alpha-Methylstyrol-dicarbonsäure mit einer Molekularmasse M = 562 gehört:
Synonyme Bezeichnungen dieser Verbindung sind:
- Tetra-alpha-methylstyrol-dicarbonsäure
- alpha-Methylstyroltetramer-dicarbonsäure
- 2,4,7,9-Tetramethyl-2,4,7,9-tetraphenyldekandisäure-(1,10)
Synonyms of this connection are:
- Tetra-alpha-methylstyrene dicarboxylic acid
- alpha-methylstyrene tetramer dicarboxylic acid
- 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-2,4,7,9-tetraphenyl decanedioic acid (1.10)
Claims (13)
- A lubricant for cold-working of metal materials and containing fatty or naphthenic acids and/or salts thereof as lubricating substances, optionally with additives in the form of inorganic and/or organic compounds for use as dispersing agents, primers, film-forming agents, high-pressure additives or viscosity stabilisers under dynamic conditions, the lubricant being characterised in that it additionally contains a high-pressure additive in the form of salts of oligo-alpha- methyl styrene dicarboxylic acids in a concentration of 0.01 to 30 % by mass and 0 to 90 % by mass of polyphosphate.
- A lubricant according to claim 1, characterised in that it contains salts of oligo-alpha-methyl styrene dicarboxylic acids with an average molecular weight of 500 to 800.
- A lubricant according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the salts of oligo-alpha-methyl styrene dicarboxylic acids are alkali metal and/or alkaline earth metal salts
- A lubricant according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that it contains salts of oligo-alpha-methyl styrene dicarboxylic acids with 1.5 to 2 carboxyl groups.
- A lubricant according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the concentration of salts of oligo-alpha-methyl styrene dicarboxylic acids is 2 to 10 % by mass.
- A lubricant according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the concentration of polyphosphate is 30 to 70 % by mass.
- A lubricant according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that it is either in dry form or in a pasty or liquid state containing 50 to 98 % of liquid, preferably water.
- A lubricant according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that if the lubricant is in a pasty or liquid state the concentration of salts of oligo-alpha-methyl styrene dicarboxylic acids is 0.005 to 15 % by mass.
- A lubricant according to any of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that if the lubricant is in a pasty or liquid state, it contains 0.1 to 2.5 % by mass of salts of oligo-alpha-methyl styrene dicarboxylic acids.
- A lubricant according to claim 10, characterised in that if the lubricant is in a pasty or liquid state and polyphosphate is present, the lubricant contains 1.5 to 15 % by mass of polyphosphate.
- A method of cold-working metal materials, using a liquid lubricant containing fatty or naphthenic acids and/or salts thereof as lubricating substances, optionally with additives in the form of inorganic and/or organic compounds serving as dispersing agents, primers, film-forming agents, high-pressure additives or viscosity stabilisers under dynamic conditions, characterised in that a lubricant according to any of claims 1 to 12 is used and the working process is carried out either directly in a bath containing the lubricant or by using a preferably dry layer of lubricant deposited on the material to be worked.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT87114035T ATE78288T1 (en) | 1987-08-21 | 1987-09-25 | LUBRICANTS AND PROCESSES FOR COLD FORMING OF METALLIC MATERIALS. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP87112154 | 1987-08-21 | ||
EP87112154 | 1987-08-21 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0303734A2 EP0303734A2 (en) | 1989-02-22 |
EP0303734A3 EP0303734A3 (en) | 1989-10-25 |
EP0303734B1 true EP0303734B1 (en) | 1992-07-15 |
Family
ID=8197217
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP87114035A Expired - Lifetime EP0303734B1 (en) | 1987-08-21 | 1987-09-25 | Lubricant and method for cold deforming metallic materials |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0303734B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS6474295A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3780461D1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102006030113A1 (en) * | 2006-06-28 | 2008-01-03 | Chemische Fabrik Budenheim Kg | Graphite-free high-temperature lubricant |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
TW418148B (en) | 1997-11-11 | 2001-01-11 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Wire for welding |
IN192718B (en) * | 1998-06-09 | 2004-05-15 | Nihon Parkerizing | |
US6455476B1 (en) | 1998-06-09 | 2002-09-24 | Henkel Corporation | Composition and process for lubricated plastic working of metals |
EP1816184B1 (en) * | 2004-11-22 | 2009-10-28 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | Powder lubricant composition for hot working and process for producing seamless tube |
JP2006176465A (en) * | 2004-12-24 | 2006-07-06 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | Aromatic compound |
CN101932686B (en) | 2007-11-16 | 2015-03-25 | 汉高股份及两合公司 | Dry-film, anti-corrosive cold forming lubricant |
CN103146468B (en) * | 2013-03-06 | 2014-07-16 | 广西大学 | Environment-friendly wet flattening solution |
EP2937411A1 (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2015-10-28 | Voestalpine Stahl GmbH | Metal sheet and method for improving the formability of metal sheet |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2957825A (en) * | 1956-10-15 | 1960-10-25 | Devex Corp | Powdered soap lubricant containing inorganic sulfur salts |
US3932287A (en) * | 1971-01-19 | 1976-01-13 | Oxy Metal Industries Corporation | Reactive cold forming lubricant |
JPS5337817B2 (en) * | 1974-07-08 | 1978-10-12 | ||
GB2029443B (en) * | 1978-08-30 | 1982-12-22 | Steetley Minerals Ltd | Metal forming lubricant |
-
1987
- 1987-09-14 JP JP62228686A patent/JPS6474295A/en active Pending
- 1987-09-25 DE DE8787114035T patent/DE3780461D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-09-25 EP EP87114035A patent/EP0303734B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102006030113A1 (en) * | 2006-06-28 | 2008-01-03 | Chemische Fabrik Budenheim Kg | Graphite-free high-temperature lubricant |
DE102006030113B4 (en) * | 2006-06-28 | 2009-02-12 | Chemische Fabrik Budenheim Kg | Graphite-free high-temperature lubricant |
US8940672B2 (en) | 2006-06-28 | 2015-01-27 | Chemische Fabrik Budenheim Kg | Graphite-free high-temperature lubricant |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0303734A3 (en) | 1989-10-25 |
DE3780461D1 (en) | 1992-08-20 |
JPS6474295A (en) | 1989-03-20 |
EP0303734A2 (en) | 1989-02-22 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP2683848A1 (en) | Flat steel product, method for producing a flat steel product, and method for producing a component | |
DE2736874C2 (en) | Processes to facilitate cold forming of metals | |
EP2995674B1 (en) | Use of a sulfate and a process for the production of a steel component by forming in a machine | |
EP0303734B1 (en) | Lubricant and method for cold deforming metallic materials | |
DE1627741C3 (en) | Solid lubricant layer applied to sheet steel to be formed and process for their manufacture | |
EP0324395B1 (en) | Process for phosphatizing metal surfaces | |
EP0251192B1 (en) | Lubricant for metal formation | |
DE2549249B2 (en) | Deep-drawn sheet and process for its manufacture | |
DE2229016B2 (en) | LUBRICANT COMPOSITION | |
EP2851452B1 (en) | Inorganic functional coating on hot-dip galvanised steel | |
DE3780498T2 (en) | OIL LUBRICANTS FOR PLASTIC PROCESSING OF METAL MATERIAL. | |
WO1986007087A1 (en) | Method for metal forming without cutting, and lubricating compositions therefor | |
DE2636132C3 (en) | Process for the production of steel sheets coated with lithium silicate | |
EP0232929B1 (en) | Process for facilitating the cold-forming of stainless steel | |
DE1264653B (en) | Production of sliding coatings on metal sheets to be deformed | |
DD263072A1 (en) | LUBRICANT FOR THE COLD FORMING OF METALLIC MATERIALS | |
DE1402760B2 (en) | COVER TO FACILITATE THE COLD FORMING OF METALLIC WORKPIECES | |
EP0200167B1 (en) | Process to facilitate cold forming | |
EP0334977B1 (en) | Lubricant for metal deformation | |
WO1997043462A1 (en) | Process for removing soap-contaminated conversion layers on metal workpieces | |
DE2337022A1 (en) | Removing drawing lubricants from copper tubes before annealing - by alternately blowing into the bores a degreasant and steam | |
CH687330A5 (en) | Treatment of metal surfaces by means of silicates to improve the adhesion of coatings. | |
DE60306569T2 (en) | Coating solution for metals and metal alloys | |
DE2920857A1 (en) | PROCESS FOR COLD FORMING OF METALLIC MATERIALS | |
CA1106829A (en) | Cold forming lubrication |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AT BE DE FR GB IT NL SE |
|
PUAL | Search report despatched |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A3 Designated state(s): AT BE DE FR GB IT NL SE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19891109 |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19910220 |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: ECOFORM UMFORMTECHNIK GMBH |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE DE FR GB IT NL SE |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 78288 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 19920815 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 3780461 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19920820 |
|
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed | ||
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) | ||
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 19940919 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 19940920 Year of fee payment: 8 Ref country code: AT Payment date: 19940920 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Payment date: 19940921 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 19940930 Year of fee payment: 8 Ref country code: FR Payment date: 19940930 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
EAL | Se: european patent in force in sweden |
Ref document number: 87114035.6 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Effective date: 19950925 Ref country code: AT Effective date: 19950925 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Effective date: 19950926 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Effective date: 19950930 |
|
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: ECOFORM UMFORMTECHNIK G.M.B.H. Effective date: 19950930 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Effective date: 19960401 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 19960508 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19950925 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Effective date: 19960531 |
|
NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee |
Effective date: 19960401 |
|
EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed |
Ref document number: 87114035.6 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Effective date: 19970603 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED. Effective date: 20050925 |