DE1673112A1 - Sample analyzer and method - Google Patents

Description

Teohnicon Instruments Corporations, Chauncey N.Y./USA Sample analyzer apparatus and method

The invention relates to the automatic »identification, Analysis and labeling of substances.

It is a major problem with many analytical processes in laughing at the analysis results of a sample with the snalyt Put sample into an inevitable relationship. Another one Problem let it make sure the sample being analyzed (and the Annlyaenergebnieae) inevitably old the stock, sue from whom the sample is taken who is related. A prime example of these problems occurs while working old a blood bank. Usually a donor will be one Blood supply withdrawn, from which a small sample among other things is analyzed for the blood type. The blood group must then be related to the torret of the withdrawn blood. The supply of blood from this group then becomes one Patients fed who need the blood of this special group »Bee's usual system, however, is fraught with possible typographical errors. At the beginning the blood is separated into one independent sample storage container. The identification numbers are applied to these containers by tape. The samples are analyzed for eioh, and theirs Blood group is determined. Me blood group is recorded manually in relation to the identification number.

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wrote. When blood from a specific group is required, the identification number of a storage container, which contains this blood group is written by hand and the corresponding storage container is selected by hand. When blood If the patient is fed to the wrong group, this can happen Result will be disastrous

In an older own doorstep, among other things, a main storage container for a blood supply, a storage container for the blood sample from the main container and a symbol carrier attached between the two containers are provided. The character carrier initially has a row of holes along a dividing line in a specific combination of holes and spaces through which the container arrangement can be identified in a unique way. After the donor's blood has been filled into the two containers, the symbol carrier is severed in such a way that both sections of the carrier, which are each attached to the container, have a row of notches on the internal edge in the combination which is identical to the original row of holes . The sample container can then be used with other containers in an automatic sample feeding device for an automatic analysis system. All containers are guided past there in sequence to a first station at which the blood} is removed from the container it is analyzed and the analysis results are i '^ tone a recorder to "marked _T snachl lessend woafeeja the container on a further S te tion on which the characters assigned to the container are scanned automatically

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and the identification number is printed on the recorder next to the analysis results.

The aim of the invention is a system in which the analyzes:? a sample and the number used to identify the sample in digital Pom related to each other, register will.

Another object of the invention, 1st a system wherein the% results of the chemical analysis of a sample, and this sample are automatically recorded in digital form on a map of the Identlflzlerung serving number that can be machine by a rake "eelbsttätig machined to the Extend the results of the chemical analysis, e.g. ventilate the blood group, and record this determination in connection with the identification number.

Another object of the invention, 1st a system in which the * main storage container can be identified automatically, and can be obtained in which the predetermined blood group or other results of the chemical analysis automatically and printed on the Rauptspeicherbehälter.

A feature of the invention are devices for the automatic extraction of a sample from a sample container, for oheml « see analysis of the sample and to reproduce the results in digital Porm, there are also devices for automatic.

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Scanning of the characters used for identification em Sample container and to reproduce this number in digital form and eum automatically reward the results in Description of the number provided on a card that can be processed by a calculating machine

The invention is now based on the illustrations described in detail, with all details or features of the description and the illustrations sur solution of the problem can contribute within the meaning of the invention and with the villas for patenting in the application.

Flg. 1 shows schematically the system of the invention.

Figures 2 and 3 %, which are put together as indicated in flg. 4, show a further embodiment of the invention.

The container assemblies are provided with holes in advance, are filled with blood and separated, whereupon the sample containers in a sample feeder Io according to the older, own suggestion can be used. This sample feeder has an endless chain 12 on which vertical tubular

holder 14 for one sample container 16 each.

1 I.

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In each holder 14 there is a sample container 16? a . Strip 18, the hand of which is provided with notches, is attached to a portion of the container, which draws in through a vertical slot la holder. The chain conveys the containers step by step to a first station 2o, at which a sampling tube 22 is arranged, which is displaced in a predetermined plane and is already proposed otherwise. _Λ

In the first embodiment according to FIG. 1, the samples taken are fed as a continuous stream to an automatic analysis device 24 with a recording device 26, which can correspond to its own older proposal and whose reaction position is set up for blood group determination. The recorder 26 has a pen 28 which is coupled to a potentlometer wire and records a constant value for all analyzes carried out on the samples. A return conductor 30, which is coupled to a sliding contact 32 of the potentiometer 34, is thus excited by the voltage which is a function of the analysis result. This conductor is coupled to the inlet of an analog! Digital-Vend lere 36. If, on the other hand, a recording device is used w *? D, uBB itself does not provide a constant analog signal for every analysis carried out on the sample, an otherwise proposed peak cell and hold circuit can be used between the

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Jerk it he 3o and the converter 36 are switched on. The output terminals of the Wendlere 36 are old connected to the input terminals of a card punch 38. The converter 36 supplies digital signals in parallel lines on actuation of the punch, which convert a digital value into a document, e, B. Punch a punch card ', which represents the voltage in the conductor 3o. One or more sets of digits are thus punched into the card by the card punch 38, which represent the results of one or more analyzes carried out on the specific sample. The card is automatically switched by the card punch so that several numbers can be punched in it.

The chemical analyzer requires a certain time between the beginning and the end of the analysis during which the emptied sample container is conveyed from the station 2o to a further station 4o. When the analysis is almost complete, the emptied sample container is stopped at the second station, at which a reading mechanism 42 with several separate parallel wires 44 is arranged according to a separate older proposal. The wires come into contact with the notched band of the strip 18. Those wires * which are adjacent to the notches on the tape of the strip 18 will enter these notches. The wires that are adjacent to the bumps on the edge of the card will be bent back, she bit

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come into contact with a ground conductor 46. The wires, a potential supplied _v the collapse in surückgebogenen wire ata ground wire. The το "Losemohanismus emitted signals are the integral terminals of a digital code converter 48"! "Which converts the code, which is used on the band of the notched strip 18, into an Oode, which is used in the card punch 38. This can be a conversion of a 2-out-of-5 code into a decimal code. The signals emitted by the ode converter 48 are fed to the input terminals of the card hole 38. The card hole punch inserts the number used to identify the sample in the same card in which the analysis results of the specific samples are punched.

The signals emitted by the code converter 48 are also fed to the input terminals via a digital printout mechanism. Tom Druckmeohanlsmus will identify the special The number serving the sample is printed out next to curves 52 which reflect the analytical results of this sample. These Kmrven can be evaluated from tape in order, if necessary, to obtain the analytical results and to make them independent Serve as a result of the analysis carried out on the samples.

When determining the blood group of a blood sample or when

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In a similar multiple analysis, the intensity of each response must be measured in analyzer 24 and these measurements must be logically interpreted. The logical evaluation is easy to carry out with an appropriately programmed Reohema sole. For example, let the blood group system A30 considered in this _f have the red blood cells of blood group A A-Ti genes and are clustered together by a serum containing anti-A antibody. The red blood cells of blood group B have B antigens and are concentrated in a serum that contains anti-B antibodies. The red blood cells of blood group 0 are neither aggregated in a serum with anti-A antibodies nor in a serum with anti-B antibodies. The red blood cells of group AB have A and B antigens and are aggregated in a serum with anti-A antibodies or in a serum with anti-B antibodies. Part of the unknown blood sample is reacted with an anti-A serua and another part with anti-B-8 serum. A simple logic circuit is required for blood grouping through agglomeration!

HCHI AB * Group B,
A. HIOHf B "Group A,
Not 'A. light B' group 0
AB * Group AB.

An Extensive Discussion On The Practice Of Blood Typing can be found in the essay "The Determination of the ABO and BH (D) Blood Groups for Transfusion "found in Medical

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Research Council tyeuorandum Mr. 36, published by Her Majesty's Stationary Office ¹ *, London, 1958.

Do you have cards punched by the card punch 38 and the number used to identify the sample and the raw results of the multiple analyzes Bn these? Carrying a sample * are fed to a calculating machine 54 which determines the blood group and outputs this with the help of a card punch 56 together with the identification number on a new card or on the original card into which the analysis results are previously punched.

These blood group cards, created by card punch 56 are, are now introduced into a sorting device 58, the vnn a reading mechanism 6o (similar to the less mechanism from 42) is controlled, the output elements of which correspond to the input terminals a digital code converter 62 are fed to the « Converter 48 is similar, and its output signals the input terminals of the sorting device. All main blood vessels 64 are brought to the Leseaechsnlsaus 6o «and the one with Notched sand of a strip 66 is used to order the number used for identification is scanned. The sorter device 58 examines the strip until it has the blood group card , it was found on the identification toe] hot, the νότο read mechanlsmua 6o scanned. The sorting device reads the blood group from the card; these signals

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are fed to the input terminals of a printing unit 68, the blood group on the strip 66, the edge of which with the Notched 1st, printed out, 64-attached to the main blood container is. You know the printed work of identification Print the serving number on the strip 66 to show that the sorter has found the card correctly.

Thus, all blood samples are automatically taken, analyzed, identified and determined, and the determined sizes are printed out on the associated main blood container.

Although a sample liquid is used in this embodiment of the invention, solid substances can also be processed as samples. In such a case , an apparatus that converts the sample from solid to liquid, and which corresponds to its own aged gate, can be built into the sample feeder.

Although a card system as a cache for the Reohenasscüne is shown, you can also search for another storage medium, E.g. a punched tape or blessing can be used, tone to which the numbers used to identify the sample and the analysis results obtained from the sample to each other To be related; the information can also

without buffers entered into the calculating machine • _s

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If you have a card system all output pegs for the ReohenmeBchine If you choose, you can use other media, e.g. a punched tape or a magnetic tape can be used as long as the identifying numbers and the results are related to each other are set in motion and can be sorted.

If possible a logical evaluation of the chemical Analysis is not required, then the calculator and its buffer memory can be omitted; here the tob reader for the sample container and the automatic analyzer emitted signals directly into the Sortlerspeloher saved.

In the second embodiment according to Pigur 2, a sample container 16 * with a blood sample is separated from an associated storage container 64 'and records a penalty 18 *, whose band is provided with karben. The sample imager 16 * is spun in a centrifuge around the removed Blood To be divided into two skins, namely one above Blood plasma and deep red blood cells. The sample container 16 * is then accommodated in a sample feeder Io *, whose removal mechanism 22 'is attached to a first station and a reading sympathy 42 * at a latitude Station is located. The JSntnahasmechsnlsmue contains two Collection tubes, one of which (lenge) are the red blood cells from the lower part of the container and the other

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(in short) because ε plaema aue sucks off the upper part, as prepared otherwise suggested let. The removal mechanism sow 1st with an automatic analyzer 24 'according to its own older template connected. In this analysis peret »earth all red blood cell samples disassembled into four ropes; the corresponding sample of the plaque is also divided into four parts; these eight samples are then processed at the same time. As in the magazine "Vox Sangulnls", Bend 8, Rare 438 - 451 « Run 1st from 1963, the first part of the red blood cells is made with Antl-A serum, the second part bit Anti-B serum, the third part with anti-D or rh $ erum Cured the reaction and mixed the fourth part for control with a salt solution, furthermore the first part des Piaameβ with A blood cells, the second part with B blood cells and the third part with O blood cells brought eur eaaktlon, and the fourth part comes with a Saline solution mixed. They distinguish lengths of the Reaktlonskanal calibrate something so that the sample parts are equilateral with the red blood cells brought to reaction la your respective four durometer lines arrive, before the associated plasma sample reacted «Parts arrive in their four DruohfIuB lines at the same time. The analyzer also provides the optical density the parts of red blood cells in the flow cells measured, and a four-fold recorder 26 · records at the same time

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these values on; then the AasIyeiergerät measures at the same time optical density of the plaema component in the relevant flow cells and the recorder also records these values at the same time.

In all channels of the four-wheel scraper there is a potentiometer resistor t ^ nd loo A - loo I) and a sliding tap Io2 A - Io2 D present, at dent a potential develops wM that of the optical Density corresponds to the liquid flowing in the flow cell in question,

The content of the different blood groups en antigen and Antlkurpern is given in Table X, during the agglutination reactions the red blood cells and sera are listed in Tables II and TII "

If an agglutination reaction occurs in a specimen, the agglutinated red blood cells are removed from the sample or in the case of the sample sera removed from the test via the channel after the sample has been removed to dissolve any red Blood cells is treated, because the Psrbe has low Aae optical density (high light transmission), because very few red blood cells remained in the sample to produce the color. Hence the deliver agglutination reactions for the sample blood cells and sample sera of the same type

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countered results. Ee does not find any agglutination reaction instead of »if instead of the reacting blood there is one Selslöaung is added.

I ^ belle I

You have antigens and antibodies in blood of different groups

blood type

Antibodies in red blood cells

Antibodies in the serum

0 A

Bh. Positive Bh, negative

neither A nor B A B

A and B B

no

Anti, -A and Antl-B Anti-B
Anti-A
neither nooh no
Anti-D

! Table II

Reaction of the blood cells of different groups with sera blood type

Reaction «it reaction old Anti-A Serum Anti-B Serua

Reaction old Antl-B serum

: BhT pOBltiV Rh, negative

no agglutin no agglutin no agglutin no agglutin no agglutin agglutin agglutin agglutin

Agglutin no

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XXI

Reaction of the sera from the blood of Terechiedener groups «it Blood cells of groups Λ and B

Blood group reaction «it reaction« it A-body pipes B-X body pipes

0 agglutin "agglutin

A no agglutin agglutin B agglutin no agglutin AB no agglutin no agglutin See Frühkriterlua is whether the optical density

of a sample part exceeds a predetermined value or not. This threshold value is for eight parts of the Total blood sample from a sugehurigen potentiometer fixed. Potentiometers Io4 A to Io4 B set the

Red blood cell thresholds and potentiometers Io6 A to Io6 B the threshold value for the plasma. That Potential at the potentiometer of the recorder is given with ä

the relevant threshold value potential of this channel with the help of a comparator!) Io7 A to Io7 B, the one elongation terminal Ιοβ A to Io8 B for the relevant

Sample and a threshold value input terminal Ho A to Ho B

having. All comparators are stronger than differentials constructed.

The input terminals XIo A to lic D are normally one via an even moving contact 112 A to 112 J)

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ReIaisspule 114 and the associated fixed contact 116 A bis 116 D with the threshold value potentiometer Io4 A to Io4 D for connected to the red blood cells. When the ReIaleepule 114 is energized, the input terminals Ho A to Ho D are over the moving contact 112 A to 112 D and a fixed contact 118 A to 118 D with a plasma level potentlometer Io6 A to Io6 D connected. There is one for each of the four comparators AND gate 12o A to 12o D for the blood cells and one AND gate 122 A to 122 D each for the plasma. Via an output terminal 124 * A - 124 D of the comparators emitted a signal when the input terminal Ioθ A bis Io 8 D supplied pot ent la. less than the potential 1st, which is fed to the input terminal Ho A to Ho D. An output terminal 126 A to 126 D of the comparator is a Another signal is issued when the input terminal Io8 A Io8 D supplied potential greater than that of the input terminal Ho A to llo D supplied potential 1st.

From a programmer 128 via an output terminal 13o clock pulses emitted; during the exam cycle dor Corpuscles are excited another output clamp 152; during the test cycle of the plasma a third Output terminal 134 energized; via a fourth output terminal 136 a printer pulse is emitted and a fifth off » A reset pulse is fed to output terminal 138. All AND-

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Gates 12 & A to 12ο 2 for the blood cells each contain three input terminals, one of which is connected to the output terminal 126 A to 126 D for comparators, the other to the output terminal 13o of the pulse and the third to the output terminal 132 which is used during the test cycle of the blood cells is excited. All AND gates 122 A to 122 D for the plasma each have three Singangßklemmen, one of which with the output terminal 124 A to 124 D of the! Comparator, the other with the output terminal 13o of the clock pulses and the third with the output terminal 134, which is connected to the plasma% excited during the test cycle. The terminal 134 is also connected to the relay coil 114.

To the information gathered during the blood cell test cycle Store EU, four flip-flops 14o A to 14o S are provided; furthermore are »for the storage of the information that are determined in the Plipflopβ 142 A to 142 D provided. The output terminal represents AND-Qetter 12o A to 12o D for the blood cells is with the Set clamp connected to the relevant Plipflope 14o A to 14 © D, while the output terminal of the UHD gate 122 A to 122 X> for fleaming with the dee Plipflope 142 A to 1-42 D set clamp connected is. The reset clamp of all eight Plipflope 14o A to 14o D and 142 A Ms 142 D is the reset pulse connecting terminal 138.

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Five output UND gates 1 * 4 A to 144 E bind to identify the test results obtained on the entire blood sample
intended. For this purpose la skins of blood group AB from husband * 144 A, in skins of blood group A from gate 144 B, in case of blood group B from gate 144 C, in case of blood group O from gate 144 D and in the case of a positive Eh factor from gate 14-4 E emitted a signal. The input terminals of these AND gates are connected to the output terminals of the flip-flop β 14o A to 14o D and 142 n and an output terminal 146 of a guard gate 14Θ via wires (switching matrix). The output terminals of the flip-flops are also via this matrix with the input size of six
UKD gates 15o A to 15o F are connected for the purpose of error determination, which emit an error signal in the event of two input signals that do not match. · The output terminals of the
ϋ1Π) -Οβtter 15o A to 15o F are connected to the input terminals of an OR gate 152, whose output terminal 154 is connected to an input terminal 156 of the inverter 148. If the two states of the flip flop β 14o A to 14o D and 142 A
up to 142 I) do not match, give the UED-Gb tt he 15o A
to 15o F and the OR gate 152 does not signal for fault determination. The inverter then feeds a signal to the input terminals of the TJND getters 144 A to 144 E. If an error signal?
is given, the negator does not supply a signal, so these gates cannot give you a signal.

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Five printing units 16o A to 16o E are provided, the strips which can be attached to the main blood containers 64 *. All printing units have a single element, which is the Blood group AB, A, B, O or "Error" prints «and except de« a double element, the Eur display of the negative Rh factor normally + and eur display of the negative Eh factor at Excitement expresses. Solely the printing works contain another set of numerical elements and an entry for "inen" Code converter which prints the number used to identify the specific blood sample. The output terminal of the Rh-UHD-Gattere 144 E stands with the double element of all printing units and a ladder 161 for outputting from reading mechanism 42 * old in connection with the code converter of all printing units.

Five pressure relays each have a magnetic coil 162 A to 162 E. and a normally open · contact arrangement 164 A to 164 E on » The output terminals of the UXD gates 144 A to 144 D are connected to the Coils 162 A to 162 D of the Druokrelals and the output terminal Ί54 of the OR gate 192 for error determination is with the 162 E of the Druokrelels connected. The input terminals of the contact arrangements 164 A to 164 E are connected to the output terminal 156 for the from the programming device 126 coming printer signal connected.

In operation.> The removal mechanism 22 * removes the red blood cells and the plasma at the same time as a current from the sample ^ - container 16 »sucked in; the red blood cells are washed,

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diluted and placed in four troughs; you the Pl θ β me will Divided into tier tones, all streams are divided with a heavens mixed, dee a group of antibodies, the antigens or SeIs contains.

Any glowing red blood cells become new. removed the struc- tures; elXe ströae are dissolved by LyeIn, make the remaining red blood cells homogeneous Color see below. You will be plasma tones In your pheee hesitated to let the samples age the blood cells, first With your flow cells enkonaen "At this tent point the terminal 132 of the programmer energized, and the In the major ohfluQee Ilen given statements of the opt to laugh Dl dt β are compared to the threshold values that were fixed by the potentiometer Io4 A to Io4 B concerned; the results are available on the UBB guests 12o A to 12o D den Fill plug 14o A to 14o D sucked.

If the terminal 13o emits a Tektpule, the kootaen now PIbsb 'try on your blood flow; su this tent point the Kleane 134 is excited. Bee HeI θ ie 114 is aroused and "struggles the movable contacts 112 A to 112 B of fixed contact 116 A to let B sub fixed contact 118 A bla 118 B. BIe en the office fluids optical values obtained for the plasma Density are now determined with the potentiometer Io6 A Is it possible to compare Io6 B set threshold values? the results

BATH ORIGINAL

the UHD getters 122 A bie 122 D create the flip-flop 142 A to 142 B supplied when the terminal 13o a Emits clock pulse. Sound the UHD gates 144 A to 144 D. - it is determined whether the blood «ur, group AB, A, B or 0 heard; from UWD getter 144 E it is determined whether the blood has a positive or negative Rh factor; the AND gate 15o A to 15o 7 and the OR gate 154 set feet whether the two states of the pllpflops match. Tos Laeemechanleiius 42 * becomes the one used for identification Number of this number of printing baths of the printing units transmitted . When no mistake is welcome and the blood Bh-positive 1st, the UHD gate 144 B energizes the element printing "* Bh +" of all printing units, and that excites one of these TJBD gates the associated ReIaiespule 162 A to 162 D. Venn however an error is detected, the ODIR getter 152 excites its ReIaiaapule 162 1 «If the Druokeranaohlußklemne 136 of the programming device a delivers an impulse, the just transmitting contact arrangement 164 A to 164 £ den Impula sin the corresponding printing unit, that of the identification serving number and blood group including de »Bh ^ pectors or" errors ". If en der Rüokatellkleaae 158 an impulse appears "all plip-flops reset and the apparatus for the next sample cycle prepared.

The printed strips produced by the printing units can be attached by Hend to the corresponding blood storage containers 64 ». The from getters 144 A to 144 E

009β.1Β / 111β

and 152 coming information can on the other hand be most common to a card punch (similar to punch 56 in 71g. 1) with the number used for identification, which is delivered by Lesemechtmisaus 42 * so that a «» punch card will be produced. The punch card can then be fed to a sorting device (similar to sorting device 58) so that the messenger automatically printed on the blood reservoir are as described in connection with Figure 1 1st. Anatelle of a single £ lementea, with the dea symbols If the blood group is printed in the printing units 16o A to 16o £, a roll of pre-printed strips can be used be applied.

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Claims (1)

1.System with several sample vessels, each identifying them * Carry signs and take a sample, with a multiple flUsolg · Samples analyzing apparatus, the output signals of which are from the analysis results depend, with a removal device from which a certain amount of the sample can be removed from the sample vessels and this Samples to the analyzer in a contiguous stream in turn after are supplied, with several storage containers, each of them bear identifying signs and thus to each of the sample vessels Are related, and with logical scolding means associated with the analyzer and the dee Read off the characters identifying the sample vessel, thereby marked, dsfi from the Logdsche Scha It mean. Signals that depend on the characters identifying the sample vessel are emitted in a certain relationship to signals, which depend on the analytical results obtained from the In the sample vessel located substance are obtained. 2. System according to claim 1, characterized gekennzelohn e t that of the logical scolding means also the storage container identifying characters can be read and all Vozets containers are labeled with characters that correspond to the analysis results, obtained from the substance in the related sample vessel. Π ff ¹ {M ' ^: -'"1 1 1 6 BATH ORIGINAL 3. Syst «?! Jisch claim I ₅ in & @ a the identification of the Sr GefäSee uad cue Yotrstsßefcältere-disnsnsame characters each other tde and in the <i ir fttasr given Kcrabinstion, de & u ν ü h g ek a κ ι; -? 1. ch η et _¥ isS oils XogiscJasii fk ^ oltaiitol a rcoe Find "" 'Ϊλ € β γ c a -; η χι ν: - Sortiergeru «sntn-i - '^ in, from -äes under dsri / ef i # trt ^ r:'■; ■, ■; ■■■.
IdeotilisiGrai'g the sample vessel © di € s - aaen 2ffaler. lie r.-siv *
■ feereuseuchbar "let the old the £ ur Identifi2ier" ing dee Vozz - ^ * - behältere sampled number in relation eteht, and dei? si "-reulticrendee Stgtiel stgebber let, dee of the result elfcsiig ': dee in relation to the identification of the selected 009815/1116 “AD OffiC'NAk The count used for the sample vessel is recorded, and that the Registration device with the sorting device in connection and records a mark on the read reservoir for the result, which of those reflecting the analytical results Signals depends. 6. System according to claim!, Characterized in that the logic switching means contain a buffer memory "which stores the signal which corresponds to the characters used to identify the sample vessels and in relation to the relevant character signal used for identification of the signal, depends on the analysis result _y obtained from the sample in question. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein all samples to several Components can be analyzed aiaad and signals for these analyzes can be produced, characterized in that the logic switching means are connected to the buffer memory Contain device that performs logical operations on the signals that the analysis results obtained on the sample and emits a signal that is dependent on these operations and a signal that is related thereto, which corresponds to the characters used to identify the analyzed sample and that an additional memory with this facility verbundei / is and the signal that the identification of the Corresponds to the character used for the sample, and stores the signal, which corresponds to the result of the logical "operations" which these affect. BATH ORIGINAL Blank page