DE1596825A1 - Anti-thermal glazing with modified optical properties - Google Patents

Description

DR. MÜLLER-BORg DILPL.-lNG. GRALFS DR. MANITZ PATENT LAWYERS

Braunschweig, January 9, 1967 Li / Rö - G 1610

GLAVERBLE 791 Avenue Louise Brussels 5 / Belgium

Anti-heat glazing with modified optical properties

Priority: Luxembourg of May 18, 1966

No. 51 136

The invention relates to a method for modifying the optical transmission, reflection and absorption properties of a semi-reflective, anti-heat glazing which, with a thin layer, has a · Metal is provided, which shows a greater transparency in relation to visible light than in relation to it the infrared radiation, such as Gk) Id, copper and silver, which are applied to a transparent substrate. You invention also relates to the Execution of glazing with which the method can be carried out.

It is known to manufacture transparent anti-heat discs by placing them on transparent substrates such as glass

BATH ORIGINAL

1093U / 0308

or blastic, thin metallic layers can be applied; copper, silver or gold can be used as coating metal for these disks. In general gold is preferred because it shows the best efficiency. The purpose of such discs is to reduce the infrared radiation so far reflect as much as possible in order to reduce the amount of heat entering trees with such panes, considerably reduce. These panes can be used as glazing for cabin windows of steel mill overhead cranes to keep the crane operator in front of the to protect sufficient thermal radiation of the pig iron melt. Another important area of application xst the use of these panes as building glazing. In this case, the amount of heat from the sun's rays falling into the rooms should be reduced so that the refrigeration units in the air treatment systems are kept small. This is special important for large buildings with large areas exposed to the sun. These transparent heat pads can be used wherever in an environment with relatively strong Thermal radiation with good visibility through the panes created pleasant conditions should be, (French patent specification 1 197 371)

It is generally known that on a transparent one 1098U / 0308 BAD ORIGINAL

Substrate applied thin * metal layers for the Reflection of the infrared radiation are very effective · However, a considerable part of the visible light is also reflected. The reflection of the visible area is generally so strong that the The amount of light allowed to pass through is still below the minimum value when using the pane as glazing for good visibility both outside and inside the room is necessary.

In certain cases, there can be considerable reflection in the visible range, such as those with such panes simple metal layer «?! show, be disruptive, and especially because this reflection is often selective. The selective reflection is for example annoying with glazing on airport buildings, as the reflected light prevents the pilots from seeing during take-off and seriously hinder landing. For buildings with. over several floors, the use of anti-heat panes on large surfaces creates a less aesthetic effect because of the selective reflection. If the Disc is coated with a gold film, for example, the reflection shows a copper color, which cannot always be reconciled with the architecturally intended effects. Furthermore this shows

1098U / 0308

Reflection always the same color. From the architectural From the point of view there is an apparent interest that neutralize the reflection or you another To be able to give coloring while at the same time maintaining the anti-heat properties of the panes will. In the case of the airport, there is an interest in reducing the reflection of the light to a value which corresponds to that of ordinary glass.

If a transparent base with a metallic layer is used as an anti-heat pane it turns out that the metallic layer is not only part of the visible and infrared It reflects radiation, but also absorbs some of this radiation, causing the layer to heat up and thus ages prematurely. There is consequently an interest in this absorption energy as far as possible to reduce.

A high-efficiency anti-heat glazing to be achieved, e.g. for glazing that is to be used in countries with strong solar radiation, the thickness of the metallic reflective layer is increased: this is done, however, at the expense of light transmission in the room. For this possible case it is necessary to set a maximum for the ratio

BATH ORIGINAL 1098U / 0308

the light transmission to the overall energetic To achieve permeability.

It is thus clear that there is some interest in the optical transmission, reflection and absorption properties of anti-heat glazing with a metallic reflective layer to be able to modify this glazing to optimally adapt to the application conditions.

The invention is based on the object of anti-heat glazing to create with a thin metal layer, the optical properties of which are modified to the effect that a low absorption, a low reflection, a good permeability, a maximum ratio of the idch-permeability to total energetic permeability or a simple color change or a combination of several of these Properties is achieved.

According to the invention this object is achieved in that the thin metal layer with transparent, dielectric thin layers, which consist of metallic compounds, are combined, with the number of dielectric layers does not exceed two and that the coating forms an interference filter which covers a certain part of the visible light reflects and / or transmits.

These measures keep the advantage of an

1098U / 0308 ORIGINAL BATHROOM

Zigen metallic layer obtained, namely their effectiveness with regard to the reflection of infrared radiation and their lower degree of reflection in the visible range, so that the production of a very effective anti-heat glazing is made possible. On the other hand, the metallic layer is used directly as one of the elements of the interference filter and, due to this fact, contributes to the modification possibilities of the optical properties of the glazing. This advantage, combined with the use of a maximum of two dielectric layers, enables such glazing to be produced economically. The production costs of the glazing are a function of the number of layers to be applied and the probability of rejects occurring during production. The latter factor increases very sharply with the number of layers to be applied. It is therefore of interest to keep the number of layers to a minimum in order to reduce the reject rate during manufacture .

The thin metallic layer is advantageously combined with transparent, dielectric thin layers whose refractive index is above 1.7. The alienation of solok materials facilitates the production

1098U / 0308 ADOR! G «NAL

the glazing, because due to the values of the refractive index that are above 1.7, the tolerances are less with regard to the layer thicknesses in the manufacture of glazing with certain characteristics constricted. These can then be influenced less by a slight deviation in the layer thickness.

The transparent, dielectric thin layers are preferably selected from the following group: ZnS, Bi ₂ O ₃ ,

Sb ₂ O ₅ , ZrO ₂ , ₂₅

The invention also relates to anti-heat glazing, with which the method described above can be carried out. It is characterized in that it on at least one of the surfaces of a transparent substrate made of, for example, glass or plastic Material, an interference filter, which consists of a thin metallic layer, which for the visible light has a greater transparency than for infrared radiation, and from maximum two transparent, thin layers of dielectric compound, with the filter one selected Part of the light reflects and / or lets through.

The refractive index of the dielectric, transparent thin layers is preferably greater than 1.7.

1098U / 0308

The thin dielectric layers are preferably formed from at least one of the substances from the following group: ZnS, Bi ₃ O ₅ , Ee ₂ O ₅ , OeOg, -ΘΒΘ ·, PbO, SnOg, SiO, Sb ₃ O ₅ , ZrO ₂ ,

The thin metallic layer is preferably between two transparent, dielectric thin Layers arranged. In this way a the dielectric layers better adhesion of the thin metallic layer to the transparent one Substrate.

In order to keep the production costs low, it is advantageous to use transparent, dielectric thin layers of the same nature to choose.

Two treatment devices are then sufficient for the application, one for the metallic layer and the other others for the dielectric layers.

According to an embodiment of the invention, there is Interference filter, which is applied to the transparent substrate, made of a gold layer with a Thickness between 14-5 and 180 Angstroms, which is between two dielectric layers lies, the layer between the metallic layer and the transparent one

109814/0308 bathroom original

Substrate a thickness between 100 and 170 Angstroms * while the bead of the other dielectric layer is between 200 and 450 Angstroms. With Such thicknesses can produce an anti-heat glazing that shows a gray reflection instead a reflection with a metallic sheen, as occurs with simple metallic layers. Such Panes are well suited as building glazing and can also be used in airport buildings, without the color of the reflected light disturbing the pilots when taking off and landing.

According to another embodiment, glazing with weakly colored reflection with simultaneously colored transparency can be produced. The interference filter, which is on a surface of the transparent Substrate is applied, consists of a gold layer with a thickness between 130 and 180 Angstroms, which exist between two layers of BipO, whose Thicknesses are between 195 and 300 Angstroms.

According to a further embodiment, anti-heat glazing can be produced with great effectiveness against infrared radiation, in which case it shows a bleached reflection. The interference filter consists of ·! from a gold cover by a Dick "between 160

1098U / 0308 bad original

and 18Q Angstrom, which is sandwiched between two layers of Bi ^ Oz, the layer between the transparent substrate and the gold layer have a thickness between 80 and 100 Angstroms, and the other layer has a bead between 390 and 410 angstroms.

For the production of anti-heat glazing with weak purple reflection, the interference filter advantageously consists of a gold layer of a Bead between 190 and 275 angstroms that between two Layers of BigO, arranged with the layer between the transparent substrate and the gold layer a bead between 100 and 240 Angstroms and the other Layer has a bead between 90 and 220 Angstroms.

In another embodiment "of the invention form has an anti heat-glazing with strong purple reflecting an interference filter, which is applied on a transparent substrate and a GoId- • chioht of a bead between I30 and 180 Ang comprising stream, which" wipe two layers made of Bi ₂ O, arranged by a bead between 35 and 80 angular widths.

Her invention is in the following aahand ron Her- 1 0 9 8 U / 0 3 0 8 BAD original

positional examples described. However, these examples do not represent a delimitation of the invention.

Example 1:

A bismuth oxide layer with a thickness of 105 Angstroms is first applied to a pane of glass. This layer can be applied using any of the known methods. For example, the glass pane is placed in a vessel in which a vacuum of 10 * "' ⁷ mm Hg is created and the bismuth oxide layer is applied from a crucible. The substance in the crucible is heated by electron bombardment to prevent evaporation of the Bismuth oxide, which is deposited on the side of the disc to be treated facing the crucible. During the application, the thickness of the layer is determined by the change in the reflection of the coated disc. A gold layer with a thickness of angstroms is successively applied to this oxide layer and a bismuth oxide layer with a thickness of 205 Angstroms is applied. These layers are applied in the same way as the first oxide layer and in the same vacuum vessel in order to be able to maintain the vacuum during the entire process of applying the layers. Glazing shows at

109814/0308 _BAD

the reflection a gray color with a slight blue Tint, while the transmitted light is yellowish green. The entire energy ethical permeability is 30% and the total reflection is 44%. the Reflection of visible light is 17%. The arrangement of the gold layer between two bismuth oxide layers causes a change in the gold layer the color in the reflection.

Example 2 *

Anti-heat glazing with a gray reflection can be made by the method described in Example 1 by placing a 147 Angstroms layer between a first bismuth oxide layer 105 Angstroms thick, this layer being between the glass sheet and the gold layer and a second Vismuth fbqrd layer 410 Angstroms thick is applied. This glazing shows weaker absorption than the anti-heat glazing with a simple gold layer. The light transmission is ^%.

Examples 5-14t

Ee is possible to produce anti-heat glazing, which show a gray color on reflection, in that dielectric, transparent layers

109814/0308 BAD orig.nal

those of the nature applied by various methods can be used.

A gold layer with a thickness of 170 Angstroms is placed between two layers of OdS that are 123 and 350 Angstroms thick, respectively. The 125 Angstrom layer is between the glass substrate and the gold layer arranged. The three layers are applied in a vacuum using the method described above. the Glazing shows very good permeability.

In another embodiment of the glazing with gray reflection, a 150 Angstrom thick layer of CeO ₂ , a 175 Angstrom thick gold layer and a third layer of OeOg with a thickness of 400 Angstrom are successively applied to a substrate made of glass. The Geroxyd layers are applied in a vacuum with the help of a tungsten pad covered with Oeroxide, which is electrically heated. The gold layer is applied in the same way.

The same result is achieved when in a vacuum

on one of the faces of a pane of glass one after the other a 140 Angstrom dioke OdO-Soaicht, a 180 Angstrom thick gold schioht and a 380 Angstrom dioke CdO-Schioht are applied. That kind of

109814/030 8. ^{BAD 0RiG! NAL}

The glazing produced shows good efficiency in terms of energetic ELa ■ icht.

A layer of gold 177 Angstroms thick is applied between two layers of Pe ₂ O, 115 and 305 Angstroms thick, respectively, on a pane of glass. The layers are precipitated by evaporation in a vacuum, the precipitation of the Fe ₂ O taking place in a slightly oxidizing atmosphere. The glazing obtained shows a gray reflection and has an absorption area in the ultraviolet.

- A lead layer is applied to a pane of glass by evaporation in a vacuum, which is then immediately oxidized to PbO in a vacuum by Oxygen is passed into the vacuum vessel. The PbO layer has a thickness of 120 Angstroms. on This layer is then a 170 Angstrom thick gold layer and a further PbO layer with a Dioke of. 313 Angstroms applied.

- Thinning. Sohlohten to. Production of an anti-heat glazing with gray reflection can also be applied to feuohttm sweeps · \ u can, «o a ·

Angitröm strong fitoldeohioht iwisohen two

ÖAD 1098U / 0308

. Layers, with a thickness of. 117 and 310 respectively. For 10 minutes at a temperature of moist 1QO ⁰ C and finally maintained at a temperature of. 500 ⁰ G burned. The gold layer is then deposited from a gold plating solution which contains 50 milligrams of AuCl ₅ , 50 milligrams of KOH and 200 g of H ₂ Q ₂ per liter of water. A second TiOg layer is then deposited in the manner mentioned above.

With another. Exemplary embodiment of an anti-heat glazing with gray reflex oil, which is produced in a moist way, the gold layer is deposited in the same way as in the previous example and is given a thickness of. 175 angstroms. The gold layer is placed ₂ layers having a thickness of 160 angstroms and 430 between two SnO · The SnO ₂ is -S chi CHT of a solution containing 90 G ew.% SnCl ,, 5 H ₂ O and öew 10th % aqueous formaldehyde at 40 öew containing # formaldehyde, deposited on a substrate which is heated to a temperature of about 200 ⁰ C.

BAD 1098U / 0308

- Other anti-heat glazing with gray reflection can be produced by arranging a 175 Angstrom thick gold layer between two SiO layers with a thickness of 165 "or 44'5 Angstrom, a 170 Angstrom thick gold layer between two Sb ₂ Q ₅ layers a thickness of 110 "resp. 290 Angstrom, a 180 Angstrom thick gold layer between, two ZrOp layers with a thickness of 147 or 390 Angstrom, a 170 Angstrom thick gold layer between two ZnS layers with a thickness of. HO or 355 Angstrom or a 173 Angstrom thick gold layer between two Ta ₂ Oc layers with a thickness of. 145 or 395 Angstroms.

Examples 15 and 16:

Instead of having anti-heat glazing with reflection to change a metallic layer and give it a gray reflection, it is also possible to to give it a reflection with other colors and to reduce the reflection to a high level, that of the reflection of an untreated. Glazing corresponds.

If by evaporation in vacuo on a sheet of glass

8AD ORIGINAL

109814/0308

a 195 Angstrom thick BigO, layer, a 145 Angstrom thick gold layer and an Angstrom thick Bi ₂ O, layer are applied one after the other, an anti-heat glazing is obtained, the reflection of which shows a blue color. The transmitted light shows a light yellow color. The amount of light reflected is

Glazing with a light reflection of the order of magnitude of 5 ° /> can be produced by successively _{placing a 280 Angstrom thick Bi 2} O layer, a 175 Angstrom thick gold layer and a 28Q Angstrom thick Bi 2 O layer on a pane of glass ., - Layer can be applied. Such glazing shows an energetic permeability of $ 22. The color of the light read through is straw yellow, while the reflection shows a mauve tint.

Example 17:

In this example, layer thicknesses are specified for the production of glazing with high effectiveness against thermal radiation. _{A Bi 2} O, layer, a gold layer and a further Bi ₂ O, layer are applied one after the other, the bioks of 90, 165 biw.

109814/0308 bath

400 angstroms. Such glazing shows a strong, golden-yellow reflection and an energetic one Permeability of $ 19.

Examples 18-20t

The following examples "describe anti-heat yer— glazes, with a thin, metallic layer, whose optical properties change accordingly and that. they show a faint purple reflection and a straw yellow permeability.

At a first. _{For example, a 100 angstrom thick Bi 2} Q ^ rail, a 190 angstrom thick gold layer and a 95 angstrom thick Bi ₂ Q ₅ layer are applied one after the other to a pane of glass. The light reflection of a single glazing is 6.9 ^

With a second. Examples are a 235 angstrom thick Bi ₂ O, layer, a 225 angstrom thick gold layer and a 125 angstrom thick Bi ₂ O, layer. The Idohtr flexion is 5.1 #.

Si · Yorangthtnden. swei Btiepiel · relate to

ORiG / _NAL

109814/0308

Yerglasungen that oppose energetic radiation show normal effectiveness.

Another example shows an anti-heat glazing with a weak, purple one. Coloring that shows a strong effectiveness with regard to energetic radiation, and for which a maximum for the ratio of light transmission and energetic. Permeability is achieved. Such a glazing is prepared by a 270 Angstrom thick gold layer between two 110 and 215 angstroms thick Gel4e-EFEI "k * s Bi ₂ Q y layer. is arranged with the 110 Angstrom thick layer between, the glass and the gold layer. The light transmission is 11 ^.

Example 21:

It is also possible to produce glazing with strong, purple reflection. In an execution example a first BigQ, layer with a thickness is created by evaporation in a vacuum on a pane of glass from. 60 angstroms, a · gold layer with a thickness of 150 angstroms and another BigQ ^ layer with 60 Angstroms thick

1098U / 0308 _BAD ORIGINAL

In terms of permeability, the glazing has a matt green color. The light reflection is $ 20 ..

Those with different, changing the optical properties of the transparent, metallic layer Layers of coated glass can be used as simple glazing, as a single element of a Multiple glazing or as safety glazing be used. As a transparent substrate, plastic materials with a certain transparency are also used instead of glass panes, such as polyvinyls and especially acrylics.

Except the. Other combinations are also possible in the exemplary embodiments described above.

BAD ORIGINAL 10981 A / 0308

Claims (1)

A ils ρ r ü'O b e 1. Method of changing the optical transmission, reflection and absorption properties a a semi-reflective anti-heat glazing with one on a transparent substrate applied, thin layer of a metal is provided, which against the visible light a · has greater transparency than against infrared radiation, such as Gk) Id, copper or Silver, characterized in that the thin metal layer with transparent, dielectric thin layers of metallic compounds, is combined, with no more than two dielectric layers are provided and the coating forms an interference filter, the one A certain part of the visible light is reflected and / ο which lets through. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that it is paid, that the thin metallic layer is combined with transparent, dielectric thin layers, whose refractive index is above 1.7. 3. Procedure na oh Anepruoh 1, thereby gelcennatiohnet, that the transparent, dielectric thin sohiohtem 1098 14/0308 bathroom original from the following. Group selected are: ZnS, Bi ₂ O ₅ , ** 2 ° 3 ' ^Ti0 2
SnO ₂ , SiO, SB ₂ O ₅ , ZrO ₂ , 4 ·· Anti-heat glass for carrying out the procedure according to any one of the preceding claims, consisting of a transparent substrate, such as Glass or plastic material, characterized in that on at least one an interference filter is provided on its sides, which consists of a thin metallic layer, which shows a greater permeability to visible light than to infrared radiation, and from a maximum of two transparent thin layers of a dielectric compound consists, wherein the filter reflects a selected part of the light and / or transmits. 5. Glazing according to claim 4, characterized in that the transparent, dielectric thin layers have a refractive index which is greater than I,?. 6 »glazing Naeh Anspruoh 4, characterized gtkennssichtet that ill i ± slektrisehen dünntn Sohicnttn least · OR / Q / _NAL 10I8U / Q30I consist of one of the substances of the following group!: Zns, B ± * px, Fe ₂ Oz, SiO ₂ * OdS, GeO ₂ , OdO, PbO, SaO ₂ , SiO, Sb ₂ O ^, ZrO ₂ , Sa ₂ Q ₅ . 7. Terglasung according to claim 4, characterized in that that the thin metallic layer between two transparent, dielectric thin layers is arranged. 8. Terglasung according to claim 7, characterized in that the transparent, dielectric, thin Layers are of the same nature. 9. Terglasung according to claim 4 »characterized in that that. the interference filter is made of a layer of gold between 145 and 180 angstroms thick is that between two dielectric. Layers is arranged, the layer between the metallic layer and the transparent one. Substrate a thickness between. 100 and 170 angstroms, . while the thickness of the other dielectric Layer is between 200 and 450 angstroms. 10. Terglasung according to claim 4, characterized in that that the interference filter is on a gold layer. with a thickness between 130 and 180 angstroms. 1098U / 0308 is formed between two layers of BipQ ^ whose thicknesses are between 195 and JOO Angstroms lying, is arranged. 11 "" Glazing according to claim 4> characterized in that - the interference filter consists of a gold layer between 160 and 180 angstroms thick is that, between two layers of BigO ^ is arranged, the layer between the transparent substrate and the gold layer has a thickness between 80 and 100 Angstroms, while the thickness of the other. Layer is between 390 and 410 Angstroms. 12. Glazing according to claim 4, characterized in that that the interference filter is formed from a layer of gold with a thickness between 190 and 275 Angstroms is between two layers of BipO, is arranged, the layer between the transparent substrate and the gold layer a Thickness between. 100 and 240 angstroms, while the thickness of the others. Layer between. 90 and -220 angstroms. 13o. Glazing according to claim 4, characterized in that it is marked 1098 14/0308 596825 net that the interference filter consists of a GoIds chi ent with a thickness between 130 and 180 angstroms formed between two layers of BipO, with thicknesses between 35 and 80 Angstroms, is arranged. BATH ORIGINAL 1098 14 / 03Ö8