DE1596808A1 - Protective glazing with a colored transparent pane, in particular made of glass - Google Patents

Description

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Dr.-lng. Heinrich Scheller file number: P 15 96 808.8-45

Aachen, Wilhelmstrasse 33 _M. .

mo? ■ TeUon 50504? ^My reference: P 11 642

GLAVERBEL, Watermael-Boitsfort (Belgium)

Priority from the Luxembourg patent applications

48 240 of March 23, 1965, 49 672 of October 21, 1965 and

49 816 dated November 11, 1965

Protective glazing with a colored, transparent pane, in particular made of glass

The invention relates to a protective glazing with at least one sheet of clear colored material such as glass.

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Various types of protective glazing are known which serve to be interposed between a light or heat emitting radiation source and people who may be annoyed by the nature or the intensity of the radiation energy (see, for example, pages 84 and 85 of the book "Le verre ", Volume 1, by P. Tartre, Cycle d ^f Etudes post-universitaires 1959, published by the Association des Ingenieurs sortis de l ^r Ecole de Liäge). Such glazing generally consists of a transparent and colored pane which absorbs part of the radiation; For example, we know the square plates of dark blue color used by welders in electric arc welding, and the gray glazing that does not let through heat rays or that protect inhabited spaces from excessive exposure to the sun. This colored glazing absorbs some of the light and the radiated heat, such as ultraviolet radiation in certain cases.Unfortunately, the colored materials heat up quite a lot because of their absorbing properties, which has various disadvantages: The heating creates a risk for the glazing break or damage the bracket because it heats the latter through conduction or because it expands unevenly. In addition, the glazing also radiates heat to the people it is supposed to protect, and its effectiveness is thus reduced when it comes to protecting against heat radiation.

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Also known (British patent 549 649) is a protective glazing with a pane of glass, which is provided with a transparent thin film and the hue of which is selected depending on the color of the film in order to obtain a desired overall color. This glazing also does not avoid the aforementioned disadvantages.

The invention is based on the object of the glazing designed so that the disadvantages of the known types, in particular the disadvantages described above, be avoided. In addition, the object on which the invention is based is to make the glazing so train that it has further advantages, in particular through advantageous developments, the following are described in detail.

To achieve this object or objects, the glazing according to the invention is characterized in that the Disc has a major hue complementary to that of the reflective film is observed when light shines through.

This film is useful between the radiation source and the colored disc arranged; he! thus reflects part of the incident radiation and prevents the glazing from heating up too much. Also causes a better elimination of the thermal radiation, a significant part of which is reflected by the film, is selected.

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rend a fraction of the remainder from the colored disc is adsorbed. Furthermore, the color of the pane can be chosen more freely, as it relates to thermal radiation only needs to have a lower degree of absorption; in particular one can choose a color that is less intense or more pleasant.

The transparent film through a metal is expedient educated. It is preferable to choose a metal that will adhere well to the material to which it is to be applied and that is unchangeable under the terms of use. One example is gold on glass. In general the metals also have the advantage of intensifying the ultraviolet radiation and the infrared radiation reflect.

The transparent film expediently consists of an oxide whose refractive index is different from that and preferably larger than that of the material to which it is applied. This is how one effects • an intense reflection of the incident radiation ■ both surfaces of the film. The oxides also have the advantage that they are very wear-resistant are.

Preferably the optical thickness of the transparent film is an odd multiple of a quarter of a wavelength the thermal radiation; this training causes a

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very strong reflection of radiation whose wavelength is equal to or close to that selected has been: One thus reflects the heat more strongly than the light.

The oxide titanium oxide is useful. This is quite easy to apply to the surface of the glass and to cling to; it also has a high refractive index that is well above 2.

The transparent film made from a radiation-sensitive film is useful Element made from changeable reflection. The use of such a film is permitted it is necessary to keep the illuminance in the room at a substantially constant level, independently from the sun lighting outside the building. This property is of interest for glazing in areas where periods of strong solar lighting alternate with periods of weak or no solar lighting.

The change in the reflection of the radiation-sensitive element is made dependent on the changes in the sunlight. Such a radiation-sensitive element can be made of a material which, under the direct influence of light or heat, is deposited in more or less large quantities in a reversible manner in crystalline form and thus reduces the reflection

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factor changed. One such material is, for example, calcium butyrate, which is contained in an agar-agar carrier is introduced.

When using such a radiation-sensitive Element, the heating of the disc made of colored material contributes directly to the increase of the reflection of the transparent radiation-sensitive film.

The radiation-sensitive element can also be designed as a thin metallic or semiconducting layer whose reflection can be changed by applying an electric field. The strength of this The field is then controlled by the sunlight with the help of a photoelectric cell or else a thermoelectric, thermostatic or similar Cell.

The glazing also expediently has a second pane of transparent material such as glass, which is connected to the first by gluing or welding. This connection is preferably formed by placing the clear film between the two panes; in this way one achieves its protection against any external damage. at In a first embodiment, bonding is effected by interposing a film of plastic material such as polyvinyl butyral. Another embodiment involves making a weld around the edges of the two Discs on.

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Even if the second sheet of transparent material can consist of colorless glass, so it is equally advantageous to use a pane of colored glass. This allows you to change the hue of the entire Change glazing or selectively aisorb a certain part of the radiation.

A disc of colored material expediently has a main color tone that is complementary to that of the transparent film observed under transmitted light. This allows the production of glazing, whose hue is essentially neutral; this is particularly useful in glazing Rooms where you want to get the exact color value of the objects.

According to the invention, the disc is made of transparent material with a complementary main color Formed soda-lime glass, which contains at least one of the following elements as a coloring element: Ferric oxide, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, manganese oxide, selenium

The coloring elements can be used individually or in combination of two or more elements will. The use of a single element generally only allows the production of glazing with an imperfect neutral permeability, on the other hand it is through combination of several elements and through appropriate selection of their proportionate salary possible, a

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to achieve excellent neutral permeability. The choice of one or the other composition becomes apparent depend on the requirements that must be placed on the glazing.

The proportional content values of the coloring elements are preferably as follows:

Ferrioxide $ 0.01 to $ 0.15

Cobalt oxide 0.0001 "0.01 #

Nickel oxide 0.02 "0.05 #

Manganese oxide. 0.01 "0.5 #

Selenium 0.005 "0.03 #

all in percent by weight based on the total weight of those provided with these additives Panes made of transparent material

According to another advantageous embodiment of the invention, a disc is made of colored material a radiation-sensitive element of variable transmittance. This also allows an im Maintain essentially constant illuminance in the room. In this case one is preferably used transparent film, the type and thickness of which are chosen so that there is sufficient illuminance during the Maintains periods of weak sunlight. The radiation-sensitive element has the task of To reduce light transmission during periods of strong solar radiation, for example under the

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reduction of thermal radiation that cannot be seen through the transparent Film has been reflected.

As an element of variable permeability, one can provide a sheet of transparent material consisting of two sheets of glass or plastic material, between which there are "radiation-sensitive" organic materials, such as substances that are under the The effect of thermal radiation changes reversibly from the ground state to the gel state with a change in transparency or the color, such substances are e.g. methyl polyvinyl ether, alkaline earth compounds of Polyacrylic acid, a partial polyvinyl acetal or acetal, whose free hydroxyl groups are water and hydrous Salts are occupied. To this end, it is stated that an acetal results from a reaction between an alcohol and an aldehyde in the presence of a dehydrating agent.

HC ^ ⁰ + 2 R ¹ - OH H2 SQ4 ^ R - C ^y0 ~ * ^R '^ H 7 ^ ₀ - R'

A partial acetal corresponds to the reaction of the aldehyde with a single molecule of the alcohol.

/ 0H ^f

H - C '° + R * - OH ν R-C-H

¹¹ * ^ 0H

For a cetal and a partial cetal, there are corresponding ones Formulas in question, only that the aldehyde has been replaced by ο in ketone.

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R - CO - R + 2R ¹ - OH> fi

K O -

* 0H

R _v

R - CO - R + R ¹ - OH> C

The OH groups in the partial acetal and cetal are occupied by the binding of secondary valences by water and hydrous salts.

It is also possible to use a "radiation sensitive" glazing, which consists essentially of a Compound exists which reversibly dissociates under the action of light and whose one dissociation component is reversibly adsorbed on a carrier for the purpose of restoring it with the diminution or disappearance of the influence of light while the other component counteracts the passage of visible and thermal radiation. Such connections are e.g., photosensitive halides to which catalysts are added; e.g. the halides of copper and cadmium and of nickel.

The invention is based on the transparent film at least a disc of transparent colored material or, preferably, on the disc of transparent uncolored material Material arranged. In the latter case it is generally common Easier, the properties of the film at his

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To control application on the carrier, because this is uncolored.

The drawing shows several embodiments of the invention as an example.

Fig. 1 is a partial section of a protective glazing according to the invention.

Fig. 2 is a partial section of another embodiment of a protective glazing according to the invention.

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a partial section of a protective glazing according to that, which is shown in FIG.

Fig. 4 is a partial section of another embodiment of a protective glazing according to the invention.

5 is a partial section of a further embodiment of a protective glazing according to the invention,

According to FIG. 1, a sheet 1 made of colored glass is covered with a transparent reflective film 2. The pane 1 made of colored glass consists of soda lime glass which does not allow heat radiation to pass through e.g. contains an increased proportion of iron oxide, which gives it a blue-green color. Of the reflective film 2 is made of titanium oxide

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according to a known method, e.g. by hydrolysis of titanium chloride, because of the high refractive index of this Oxyds becomes a significant part of the thermal radiation and light radiation both on the outer surface as well reflected on the glass-film separating layer. However, it is useful to measure the amount of heat energy reflected to enlarge; for this purpose one makes use of the phenomenon of interference and gives the oxide film one optical thickness which corresponds to a quarter or an odd multiple of a quarter of a wavelength, which is selected in the infrared range. This reflects the radiation more strongly, its wavelength matches or almost matches that which has been selected, the latter being appropriate is between 1 and 1.2 microns, which is an area where solar energy is quite intense.

The product described is particularly suitable for the manufacture of glazing for buildings; it is little costly and provides a very noteworthy thermal comfort as well as effective protection against Glare.

In an embodiment of a protective glazing with the structure according to FIG. 1 and with a film more variable Reflection, the glass pane 1 consists of a soda lime glass that does not pass through heat rays, the 1 to 2 # iron oxide contains. The film 2 is made of an element of variable reflection, which at the same time the visible radiation

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ment and the thermal radiation is reflected. Such a film has a composite structure and comprises four successive layers: a first layer of silver 100 Angstroms thick; a second layer of SiO 2 microns thick; a third layer of SnOp 3 microns thick and containing selenium in the concentration of 1 $ with respect to the tin atoms; a final layer of silver 100 angstroms thick. The different films are applied one after the other to the glass 1 which does not transmit heat radiation by means of the technique of vapor deposition in a vacuum. In this composite structure, the layer of SnOp forms the element of variable reflection. The reflection of this layer changes by applying a variable DC voltage between the two layers of silver, which form the electrodes that generate an electric field across the layer of SnOp. The change in this field produces the change in the reflection of the SnOp layer. The layer made of SiO forms an insulating layer to prevent the passage of current across the layer made of SnOp. The level of the voltage can be regulated under the action of a photoelectric cell, Ji (J which absorbs solar radiation.

With this type of glazing, the film reflects when the Sun exposure is goring, visible light or the screen radiation is practically non-existent. One can say that the film is completely transparent. The radiant heat

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non-permeable glass is sufficient to make the very low To absorb the intensity of the heat rays without causing it to overheat. So there is no risk of breakage for glazing. On the other hand, if the solar radiation is very important, the cell will absorb it and controlling the voltage applied to the two electrodes of the film and thus the reflection of the film raise. Part of the visible rays and heat rays are reflected intensely. The radiant heat Non-transmitting glass absorbs the rest of the thermal radiation not reflected by the film and heats up thereby not excessively.

According to FIGS. 2 and 3, the glazing has a pane 3 made of blue glass, the color of which is below is caused, among other things, by the cobalt oxide in the glass; a disk 4 of transparent glass is on the above-mentioned disc glued with the interposition of a layer 5 of polyvinyl butyral. On the disk a thin film 6 of silver is attached, the thickness of which is sufficiently small that it is an appreciable part the light can pass through. Such glazing is particularly advantageous as a viewing opening in the oven or as a Protective glass for the welders' glasses and helmets. The glazing is arranged so that the radiation Reached film 6 earlier than target 3.

According to FIG. 4, a disk 7 of gray glass is covered with a thin film 8 of gold and with a

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Another pane 9 made of glass connected with the interposition of a metallic strip 10, which is attached to strips 11 and 12 is soldered from copper, which are attached to the edges of the disks 7, 8, 9. To this Way "is' a free space 13, that of dry Gas is met, left between the two discs 7 and 9.

Such a product is of great interest for residential glazing: it combines the advantages of double glazing with those embodying the invention. Also it is known that '-ζ reflected as a thin layer deposited gold, the thermal radiation more intense than the light, and it is possible to dose the quantity of the transmitted light through the choice of Absorbtionsgrades the disk 7 made of gray glass. In addition, the latter can have a main color tone which is complementary to that of the film 8, so that a light of a substantially neutral color tone passes into the room. Even if the pane 9 can consist of light glass, a weakly colored glass can also be used, the color of which is complementary to that of the film 8, or which harmonizes particularly well with the overall architectural picture; the disc 9 heats up to a small extent because its coloration and thus its absorption are not very intense.

In one embodiment of glazing from Neutra For transparency, the pane 7 consists of a non-colored glass on which a transparent film 8

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is applied from gold. The light which has passed through the disk 7 and the film 8 made of gold has a green-gray coloration. The second pane 9 of the glazing consists of a pane of colored glass, the color of which is complementary to that of the pane 7 and the film 8. Such a glass consists, for example, of a soda-lime glass of the usual composition to which 0.0065 1 ° cobalt oxide has been added. The double glazing formed in this way is arranged in such a way that the radiation hits the metallic film 8 first and then the colored glass 9. It gives a transmittance of the order of 40 # for the wavelengths between 400 and 600 m ax and a transmittance of about 33 1 ° between 600 and 750 Π / U.

In another embodiment, the analog of the preceding is, the disk made of colored material from a soda-lime glass with 0.0065 $> cobalt oxide and 0.0133 1 ° selenium. The double glazing formed in this way has an almost uniform permeability in the visible area. This glass composition allows the production of double protective glazing, the permeability of which in the visible area is very neutral.

It is also possible to get a good neutrality of the transmitted light by using a colored glass used, which is made by adding to a soda-lime glass of ordinary composition nickel-

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oxide and cobalt oxide, iron oxide and nickel oxide, iron oxide and cobalt oxide or at the same time cobalt oxide, iron oxide and nickel oxide.

According to FIG. 5, a disk 14 is composed of gray glass with another pane 15 made of glass with the interposition of a strip 10 and the strips 11, 12 in a manner analogous to that described with reference to the embodiment shown in FIG is. A film 16 of titanium oxide is applied to surface 17 on the outside of the glazing and facing the radiation source. As with the pane 9 of the glazing according to FIG. 4, the glass pane 15 be light or bright (transparent) or colored; this embodiment is more advantageous as the previous one in the case where two stained glass panes are used because they both go through the Film 16 are protected against the incident radiation.

. 'J is In another Auaführungsart of the glazing according to Fig harvest glass pane 15 of a colorless ihi-hue glass and contributes oinen film of gold 150 Angstrom Aii iJifjkf ;. This film reflects the heat flow very intensely. The fat; This Fi Lina is such that even during the periods: weak <-; for solar radiation the; Lir'hUiUirkfi in dom toum, which remains sufficient with an external glazing vavinihi'.n int. This glass pane 15 is, wio i> t) Hii boschri ebon, connected with a duroh-

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into account strahlungsenipfindlichen element 14. The radiation-sensitive element is formed from a sheet of soda-lime glass, which is covered with a transparent layer whose thickness is 200 angstroms and consisting of a mixture of 50 i> AgCl and AgBr 50 #. This layer is covered with a layer of SiO 5,000 angstroms thick and the whole is protected by a dense layer of calcium silicate.

In a period of weak solar radiation, only the gold film of the first disc plays an active role with regard to a reduction in the intensity of the light passing through. The radiation-sensitive element remains ineffective and is practically colorless. When the solar radiation increases, the gold film reflects always the same proportion of the incident radiation and thus the heat proportion of this radiation is already effective. Under the action of light, the chloride and bromide of silver decompose, and the bromine that is released and chlorine are reversibly adsorbed by the layer of SiO. The whole element tarnishes and holds you Part of the visible radiation and the rest of the thermal radiation back, transmitting on the whole a radiation of gray color. The illuminance in the room is kept constant in wenynl.liv.-hon, something for the eye a.m netmom-.wort'-m grain away, while the W-innestrahLuntf kept away from the room accordingly will.

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Having described the exemplary embodiments, it will be recognized that the invention is capable of many others Embodiments includes; so one does not leave is within the scope of this invention when introducing variations, and particularly one material for another equivalent replaced. For example, you can use panes made of plastic instead of glass are.

All features mentioned in the above description and / or shown in the drawing are intended to as long as the known state of the art permits, on its own or in any combination or partial combination are regarded as essential to the invention, even if they are not included in the claims *

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Claims (15)

Claims 1) Protective glazing with a colored transparent Disc, in particular made of glass, which radiates heat reflective, transparent thin film and its hue depends on the color of the film is selected in order to obtain a desired overall coloration, characterized in that the Disc has a major hue complementary to that of the reflective film is observed with transmitted light 2) protective glazing according to claim 1, characterized in that that it also comprises a second sheet of transparent material such as glass, which is connected to the first is connected by gluing or welding. 3) protective glazing according to claims 1 and 2, thereby characterized in that the film is disposed between the two sheets of transparent material. 4) protective glazing according to claim 2, characterized in that the second pane of transparent material consists of colorless glass. 5) protective glazing according to claim 2, characterized in that that the second sheet of transparent material consists of colored glass. New documents iah. 7 § ι ai ». 2 No. 1 sentence 3 dee others * «» «·« 109813/1277 6) protective glazing according to claims 1 and 4, thereby characterized in that the transparent film is applied to the sheet of transparent colorless material. 7) composition of a soda lime glass for panes according to claim 1, characterized in that it is used as a coloring Component contains at least one of the following substances: ferric oxide, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, Manganese oxide, selenium. 8) Composition according to claim 7, characterized in that the ferric oxide content is between 0.01 i> and 0.15 i » inclusive. 9) Composition according to claim 7 »characterized in that the content of cobalt oxide is between 0.0001 # and 0.01 '1 * inclusive. 10) Composition according to claim 7, characterized in that the content of nickel oxide is between 0.02 # and 0.0b '1 ° inclusive. 11) Composition according to claim 7, characterized in that the content of manganese oxide is between 0.01 i> and 0, b # inclusive. 109813/1277 BATH ORIGINAL 12) Composition according to claim 7, characterized in that the content of selenium between 0.005 # and 0.03 # including lies. 13) protective glazing according to at least one of the claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the transparent Film is formed from an element of variable reflection, 14) Glazing according to at least one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that a pane of
colored material consists of an element that
has a variable light transmission due to its radiation sensitivity. 15) protective glazing according to at least one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the transparent Film is applied to at least one disc of clear colored material. 10 9 8 13/1277 ^bath