DE1508569B1 - Fireproof furnace roof - Google Patents

Description

1 2

The invention relates to a fireproof furnace roof with a transition preventing dust accumulation

a layer of laterally abutting, is based.

see refractory bricks with on top of them after inserting the longitudinal beams into the disassembled Hanging approaches, a supporting frame made of recesses aligned in rows Iron with 5 reinforcement plates running over the top of the stones, these are against a longitudinal beam, transversely to these rows running downwards movement by resting on the side members secured by tensioning elements attached at their ends to the longitudinal beams, carried away, which each Reinforcement plates abutting the stones at right angles because two adjacent reinforcement plates connecting plates, their height at right angles to the stones. The tensioning elements can be attached to the reinforcement layer at least six times their thickness cover plates by screwing, riveting, sealing, as well as the hanging lugs with the reinforcement brackets, welding, etc., preferably through hanging elements connecting panels. Hooking into corresponding openings attached

A construction of this kind is from the USA.

Patent specification 3 093 099 known, in which the reinforcement plates are so due to their on kung plates on the cold side of the stone layer 15 the undersides of the longitudinal beams resting webs and also with their ends on the against an upward movement and by the on the cold Side of the stones resting longitudinal beams are fastened to the top of the longitudinal beams abutting tension. In addition to various advantages, this construction has the disadvantage that, in order to allow the longitudinal members to be inserted after the longitudinal members, slightly overheated areas of the reinforcement plates are formed, and on the other hand, it is desirable on the longitudinal members To train the reinforcement plates accumulate dirt and dust deposits that they stand upright on the stone layer by themselves, which allows the heat transfer between the roof. In a further embodiment of the invention and the air layer above it, this is achieved in that some reinforcement bars. The local differences caused by this, with one or more panels in the cooling effect before installation, could keep the side members under strong tension on the stone layer in the stone layer and destroy the iron, the adjacent rows of stones on an upward scaffolding and the entire roof to lead. In this movement, hindering support feet are provided. Construction is also the dismantling of the old roof.If the furnace roof according to the invention is obsolete before a new construction is time-consuming and expensive, 30 it is sufficient to loosen the clamping elements, for example because numerous bolts and screw connections must be loosened above the furnace roof by unhooking or with the cutting torch, be able to lower plates before attenuated _by the entire stone layer with the Verstärkungsdas old roof to the floor of the oven. The reinforcement plates are then and the construction of the forms for the can then be removed from the stones and given a new roof can be started. If, after removal of any remnants of the tensioning elements, the object on which the invention is based, to erect a new furnace roof is to use a furnace roof construction that was initially used again. To indicate the ease of degradability mentioned type, which avoids the disadvantages of the furnace roof according to the invention, known arrangement without giving up their advantages considerably earlier with the erection of the molds for parts. 40 to begin the new furnace roof, so that this is achieved according to the invention in that the shutdown period is considerably shortened. The loosening required for the reinforcement plates at their ends has recesses that have not been installed until now and that extend from the upper edge of the plate to special screw connections between the remaining webs, so that the upper edges of the overlapping plates are arranged on the longitudinal beams and the reinforcement plates completely avoided. Tests have shown, th webs, the longitudinal beams in the recesses in that at least 95% of the reinforcement panels that accrued during the dismantling of a distance from the stone layer were used to build two adjacent reinforcement panels as well as practically all of the longitudinal beams for the new roof can be used again by means of an over the top of the intermediate roof. This longitudinal beam, which is arranged along these plates, represents a considerable saving in terms of material and time, which is guided and in contact with the clamping element.

are connected. In practice it has been found that the

The new furnace roof construction has all furnace roofs according to the invention in comparison to the

parts of the known construction, since the previously known constructions are still the other

Reinforcement plates also completely above the 55 have the advantage that they have a larger number of

Stones lie and bump on their cold ends withstand heating cycles. This factor contributes

and the side members with the reinforcement plates firmly fixed, significantly reducing the cost per ton

are connected, so that a vertical movement that of the product produced.

refractory bricks is prevented. The following are embodiments of the invention Construction avoids the disadvantages 60 finding explained in more detail on the basis of the drawings, of the known arrangements, as the reinforcement It shows

plates at their abutting or over- Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a preferred

lapping ends upwardly open recesses supplied furnace roofs according to the invention,

have for the side members, which thus on Figs. 2, 3 and 4 enlarged cross-sections

Lower edges of the recesses at a distance 65 a furnace roof according to the invention along a row

from the stone layer so that the air from reinforcement plates,

can pass under them and the up- F i g. 5 a cross section through a reinforcement

occur from overheated areas and the heating plate with directly opposite, transverse

3 4

Support feet having openings, which only borrowed a radial direction as the longitudinal direction and the

a distance from the reinforcement plate in the radial direction perpendicular thereto as the transverse direction

Stones rest, are called. The furnace roof according to the invention

F i g. 6 a cross section through a reinforcement is also suitable for copper furnaces, for example

plate with modified support feet and base plates 5 copper radiation ovens.

at their ends, depending on the construction of the roof, the

F i g. 7 shows a cross section through two adjacent stones in each row or only certain rows

Have reinforcement plates with support feet with common hanging lugs, with the intervening

Footplate, existing rows either only by the friction of their

8 shows a cross section through a further verio side surfaces or through cross connections with a reinforcement plate with outwardly truncated support feet, neighboring stones, for example through shoulders,

F i g. 9 a plan view of a reinforcement plate can be kept.

with a pair arranged in the middle of each other

F i g. 10 have a plan view of a reinforcement plate 15, some of which have arch-like features. Included

with several pairs distributed over their length, any suitable combination of vaulted stone

opposing support legs different rows and suspended rows of stones can be used

licher length, the. Also in a single suspended row of stones

11 shows a plan view of a reinforcement plate, all or only certain stones can be suspended with it two of the plate ends and 20 elements from each other connected to the reinforcement plates equally distant couples facing each other. It can be refractory bricks with any lying Support feet, of a suitable shape, for example the well-known

Fig. 12 is a plan view of a reinforcement plate vaulting stones, wedge stones, keystones, final vaults

with pairs arranged near the ends of each other stones, keystones, cathedral stones and the like. Used

opposite support feet, 25. Choosing the appropriate stone shape

13 shows a cross-section through a device according to the invention, depending on the type and construction of the furnace

moderate oven roof with continuously suspended.

Stones, I- or

14 shows a cross section through a beam according to the invention, which on the supporting structure can be

appropriate furnace roof made of suspended stones and 30 bige suitable ways, for example by pipes,

Arched stones and can be attached.

Fig. 15 is a cross-section through a modified It is essential that the reinforcement plates re-

tes inventive furnace roof from suspended relatively thin and have a sufficient height,

Stones and vaulted stones. so that they make contact between the stone layer

When erecting a new furnace roof, 35 and the air sweeping over it are not serious first, if necessary, to hinder one in the usual way and not to the formation of the heat sink Accumulation of dust that affects the desired roof shape created surface onto which basic fire then leads. In the cross-section, the height of the reinforcement should be Wedge and keystones with their hot ends kungsplatten at least six times, preferably on the side be arranged in abutment, 40 to 6 to 24 times, in particular the 12 to where the individual rows or rings are preferably 20 times their thickness. The thickness of the locking stones contain. On the upper side of the reinforcement plates in this way there is expediently between 10 and Holding stone layer are then supported by 50 mm, preferably 12.5 and 25 mm, and their feet standing upright reinforcement plates at a height preferably between 150 and 300 mm. made that the recesses at their ends to 45 This cross-section of great depth results in a good construction recording the side members are aligned. Firmness and a large air-painted surface Finally, a hanging steel support frame is used to cool the reinforcement plates, which is how mounted to which the side members are attached. Cooling fins act. .

the ones on the lower edges of the recesses of the support feet of the reinforcement plates can be made from

Support reinforcement plates. Finally, the 50 will consist of continuous sheet metal, preferably exhibit

The stones are hung by means of hanging elements at, however, transverse openings to prevent dust accumulation

attached to the reinforcement plates. to prevent. For the same reason, the

The furnace roofs according to the invention can expediently be modified in various ways on support feet only at their outer ends. Normally, ie at a distance from the reinforcement plates, magnesia bricks or chrome-magnesia 55 will rest on the bricks. At the ends of the support or magnesia-chrome bricks of any desired, for building feet, base plates can be arranged, so that a suitable pressure surface results on the bricks from refractory furnace roofs of known types. The details of the construction can two adjacent to each other, depending on whether the reinforcement plates are braced across the roof,
for a Siemens-Martin furnace, an arc furnace 60 F i g. 1 shows the construction of an execution or radiation furnace. In many cases, the shape of the oven roof according to the invention. The furnace roof should be rectangular in top view, with the shaped surface 30 made of wood, metal edges and the reinforcement plates parallel to the or otherwise suitable material corresponding to their shorter edges, which are arranged between the abutments 31 on the sides of the longitudinal member and are expediently arranged parallel to the longer furnace. The shape of the lower surface of the roof to be erected according to the invention, construction is however equally suitable for mostly a vault. On the mold surface 30 are circular furnace roofs of the type used in arc-steel-basic refractory bricks 32 with one another. In this case, arbitrarily lying side surfaces 34 can be arranged to form a layer.

net, with the hot ends 33 of the stones to the Fonnfläche are directed and their cold ends 35 form a continuous upper surface. The ones close to the cold Hanging lugs 36 arranged at the ends 35 of the stones 32 can stand up or initially laid flat and be erected when the hanging elements are attached later.

On the upper surface of the stone layer are from abutment to abutment in the longitudinal direction of the Oven extending rows of reinforcement plates io the 37 arranged so that they do not and the hanging lugs 36

by their projections 45 resting against the underside of the longitudinal members 44 against upward movement and by the tensioning elements 55 resting on the top of the longitudinal beams 44 against a Downward movement secured.

Instead of the in FIG. 1, the preferred form of the clamping elements 55 shown can also be other suitable ones Find forms use. Thus, in FIG. 2 the clamping elements 55 by bolts 57 with Ends of the reinforcement plates 37 connected thereto are also welded at 60. In

hinder. Each reinforcement plate 37 has in FIG. 3, with the ends of the reinforcement plates, cross-section a relatively small thickness 40 and a height 38 that is relatively large exclusively through welds 60. Their cross-section can show fully bound tensioning elements 55 '. F i g. 4 shows to be always perpendicular. In the lower regions 15, clamping elements 55 ² , which, with hook-shaped surfaces of the curved ends 58 lying opposite one another, engage in openings in the ends of the reinforcement plate 37, projecting support feet 41 reinforcement plates 37. In all cases, which are located on the upper surface of the stone, the tensioning elements but lie on the top 56 layer and the reinforcement plate 37 in front of the longitudinal beam 44. The hanging lugs 36 of the refractory bricks for the assembly of the supporting framework in the upright position 20 are to prevent the upper parts of the behavior and the adjoining brick rows from a reinforcement plate 37 by means of hanging hooks 61. those, which at one end with a pre-curved

Each reinforcement plate 37 abuts on each of its th hook 62 in corresponding openings in the Engage ends on the end of the next reinforcement hanging lugs 36 and with their other plate from the same row. Adjacent ends over the top of the reinforcement plate 37 Reinforcement plates can also overlap somewhat. bent away to form a hook 63 who-An the ends of each reinforcement plate 37 are ends. Over the top of the stone layer will be a recesses 42 are provided, the flat lower edges of which are shown diagrammatically by the arrow 64, transversely 43 Serve as a support surface for the side members and blown directed air flow. The airflow can overlap in the manner shown, so that the roof depending on the fan or Vensie the side members even with slight displacements fans generated flow direction in the opposite direction Stroke mutual position of the reinforcement plates set directions. After that take up. Erect the roof once in the prescribed manner.

The reinforcement plates 37 are arranged in transverse rows so, according to a preferred embodiment, that the recesses 42 in to the longitudinal 35 nmgsform by a continuous or step

^. _ _. .._ ._ ^ T - _ - ■ Λ *. *. Λ ■ 4 4 W rife * ■■ «4

Wise airflow sweeping over it, removing dust and dirt from the top of the stone layer and prevent excessive build-up that would otherwise lead to the formation of localized overheated areas.

When the roof has had its day, it is sufficient to cut through the tensioning elements 55 around the reinforcement plates 37 and detach the stones 32 from the longitudinal beams 44. The stones can then be placed on the At the bottom of the oven or in any other suitable location

parallel lines in the direction of the furnace to accommodate the side members. In contrast to the previously known According to the invention, it is thus possible to construct all reinforcement plates before correctly aligning the installation of the side members on the stones that have already been installed. Afterward the longitudinal members 44 are then placed on the lower edges 43 of the recesses 42.

Because the opposing surfaces
the reinforcement plate 37 arranged support feet 45 are separated from the reinforcement plates 37, 41 on both sides on parts of at least two stone, whereupon rows immediately started with the new construction, works automatically everyone can get through. The longitudinal beams 44 and the rest of a support leg 41 exerted on the reinforcement plate 37 by the opposite moment
Counter-directed moment 50 exerted on support leg 41
opposite.

The longitudinal beams 44 are part of a supporting frame 50 with cross beams 51, on which they go through upwards straightened pipes, for example by screwing

or welding, are attached. The tubes 52 are 55 the support feet 41 are provided with transverse openings, with the longitudinal beams 44 through angle 53 and BoI- so that any dust accumulation through the Luftzen 54 connected.

To connect the reinforcement plates 37 to each other and to the longitudinal beams 44 are to the

Opposite ends of adjacent reinforcements 60 close to their outer ends 67, so that additional reinforcement plates 37 are formed over the upper side 56 of the lower openings 66. F i g. FIG. 6 shows a tension-converted embodiment, carried away from the longitudinal beam 44, in which the support elements 55 are fastened by bolts 57, for example. foot 41 ² consists of an upper strut 68 and a lower one. The bolts 57 can tightly encompass struts 70 through their sides, which carry a support plate 71 made of steel at their common outer gripping openings or to compensate for whore ends, sion deviations through slot-like Openings in which rests on the stone layer. The reinforcement plates 37 can also be guided in this case. Embodiment results in central openings

In this way the reinforcement plates 37 are 65 'and lower openings 66'.

Parts of the shoring 50 can, if necessary for the new construction, be dismantled later.

Although the various embodiments of the invention are specific to certain specific purposes Have advantages, the in F i g. 1 preferred embodiment shown.

To improve air circulation, in

electricity can be blown away. In the case of the in FIG. 5 embodiment shown have the support feet 4Γ Cross openings 65 and only lie on the stone layer

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the lower strut 70 and the struts 68 are omitted Two adjacent reinforcement plates 37 are supported on the base plate 71.

F i g. 8 shows a support ^{foot 41 4} with transverse openings 65 ² and truncated ends 72. In this embodiment, the support foot rests continuously with its lower edge on the stone layer. Preferably, one or more support feet 41 protruding at the same points on the opposite surfaces are provided on the reinforcement plate 37, whereby if only one pair of support feet is used, this is arranged near the center of the reinforcement plate 37 in order to transfer forces over the length of the reinforcement plate avoid. In the case of the FIG. 9, each support leg 41 rests on the upper side of three adjacent rows of stones 73, 74 and 75 and prevents them from moving upwards. However, depending on the requirements of the individual case, the support feet can have different lengths.

10 shows a plan view of a reinforcement plate 37 with a middle, longer ^{pair of support feet 41 6} and shorter pairs of support feet 41 ⁵ arranged near the end.

F i g. 11 shows a plan view of a reinforcement plate 37, in which the pairs of support legs 41 ⁷ are arranged further towards the center. Each of the support feet 41 ⁷ rests on four rows of stones 73, 74, 75 and 76 and prevents them from moving upwards.

F i g. 12 shows a plan view of a reinforcement plate 37 in which opposing ^{pairs of support legs 41 8} are arranged only at the ends, each of which rests on two rows of stones 73 and 74.

13 shows a completely hanging furnace roof, in which the support feet 41 ⁹ each rest on two rows of stones 73 and 74. For the sake of clarity, only one pair of support legs is shown in this and the following figures so that the suspension of the stones can be better recognized.

F i g. 14 shows a cross section through a furnace roof with four rows of suspended stones 77 each and alternating two rows of arched stones 78 carried by the abutments. Each support leg 41 ¹⁰ rests on two rows of stones. The rows of arched stones 78 are prevented from moving upward by metallic spacers 80 pushed under the longitudinal beams 44. The spacers expediently made of steel can have the shape shown in the figures. In the areas between the longitudinal girders 44, the vaulted stone rows can be prevented from moving upwards by devices according to FIG. 6 or 7.

15 shows a cross section through a furnace roof according to the invention, each with four hanging stone rows 77 and four vaulted stone rows 78. The support feet 41 ^U each rest on two suspended rows of stones and a row of arched stones, while the two intermediate rows of arched stones are prevented from moving upward by the spacers 80.

When the ends of the reinforcement plates 37 overlap under the side members 44, these are on the Ends of both reinforcement plates, so that the furnace roof according to the invention has strength and except for normal expansion and contraction during operation can move up or down.

The furnace roof according to the invention is particularly suitable for special metallurgical furnaces, for example electric arc steel furnaces, advantageous in which the reinforcing plates are expediently in the circumferential direction of the roof and, in relation to the roof, better vertically than radially. This is particular for the more modern, larger, higher energy electric arc steel furnaces required, in which the furnace roof according to the invention is particularly advantageous. In this context It should be emphasized that the attempts to make such oven roofs in terms of formation Improving local overheated areas by installing plates made of basic stones is unsuccessful because it was not possible to keep closely adjacent areas dimensionally stable. The same goes for roofs of electric ovens that fully correspond to the teaching of the invention.

The connection between the refractory bricks 32 used in accordance with the invention and the hanging elements 61 can by means of approaches, eyelets, bearings, brackets, sockets or other suitable devices be effected.

Claims (7)

Patent claims: 1. Fireproof furnace roof with a layer of laterally abutting, basic fireproof Stones with hanging attachments on the top, a supporting frame made of iron with longitudinal beams running over the top of the stones, transverse to these rows of those fastened at their ends to the longitudinal beams and abutting the stones at right angles Reinforcement plates, the height of which at right angles to the stone layer is at least six times their thickness, as well as the hanging attachments with the hanging elements connecting the reinforcement plates, characterized in that the reinforcement plates (37) have recesses (42) at their ends which extend from the upper Plate edge to each remaining webs (45) extend that on the upper Edges (43) of the overlapping webs, the longitudinal beams (44) in the recesses are stored at a distance from the stone layer (32), and that two adjacent Reinforcement plates by means of a placed over the top (56) of the between these plates Longitudinal beam (44) guided away and connected to this adjacent tensioning element (55) are. 2. Oven roof according to claim 1, characterized in that some reinforcing plates (37) with one or more, they upright before the installation of the longitudinal beams (44) on the stone layer holding support feet (41) that prevent the adjacent rows of stones from moving upwards are provided. 3. Oven roof according to claim 2, characterized by near the end regions of the reinforcing plates (37) in opposite directions projecting pairs of support feet (41) of different Length. 009514/115 4. Oven roof according to claim 2 or 3, characterized by having transverse openings (65) Support feet (411). 5. Oven roof according to claim 2 to 4, characterized by supporting feet (41 ² ) with a support plate (71) resting on the stones (32) only at a distance from the reinforcing plates (37). 10 6. Oven roof according to claim 2 to 5, characterized by supporting feet (41 ³ ) with struts (68) extending from two adjacent reinforcing plates (37). 7. Oven roof according to claim 1 to 6, characterized by devices for the transverse direction Blowing air over the top of the stones. For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings