DE1471871A1 - Method and device for treating glass panes - Google Patents

Description

to ^lö 9 I963

Seiler and Plun: ii..fl

1 Dnrlin I »U71871

Disclosure QScript Libbey-Owens-Ford Gleeβ Company

81I ₉ Medieon Avanue, Toledo, Ohio (USA)

Method and device for treating glass

achaiben.

The priority of the USA application 5er.No. 224 178 of Sep 17 ;. 1962

will be used.

The present invention generally relates to the ' treatment of Glaa and especially on dl- preparation for due HUr'.im and due Hurten aelbat from flat panes of glass, while ai * can be divided and moved in a horizontal Kb en β.

Ee iut known cure Glaeacheihen eu by di "slices zunttchet about BIB sum softening point of Glaeea erhitst and then rapidly quenched on both surfaces, <snn around the inside of Tcheiben in tension and the two outer surfaces in compressive stress to attz # n * * Panes of glass have been treated in this way ai.-ύ, bpsitsen el * a greatly increased mechanieo. β cowardice. In addition, their inherent fractions are modified in such a way that, when a break occurs, they are serialized into innumerable small fragments that correspond to cannile sugar claws, and not into long and dangerous fragments.

909831/0341
New documents approx * 1 § 1 Paragraph 2 No. 1 sat * 3 *. And ^ uwg ^. v. * ...; .. BAD

" ² " U71871

Lent splinters break, like ee with slowly cooled glass usually is the case.

Table and window glass that has been hardened in this way, is widely used ale rear windows in motor vehicles. Since then, efforts have also been made to make tempered glass To use it in the side and door windows, it is necessary enlarged after glass of this kind.

In the beginning, tempered glass panes were manufactured in such a way that dalli the glass in a vertical plane on tongs, who attacked the upper hand of the disc, hung up and gut was hardened in this vertical position. The uuf this .Veine The held disc was moved through a vertical heating furnace and when the final product was a substantially flat one Slice a oolite, right between a pair of each other Ila heads facing in the opposite direction, the Luitnr.rvirce straighten both surfaces. When curved or ^ "bo ^ ene Slices were supposed to represent the end product, doe 01 «in usually between a pair of molds in the desired shape bruised, after it had been heated and before it was quenched became.

Many w'uhre round looked to dlee · Ie the beater, Wf g, glass to harden, and eir '' Jro £ 2ahl made this V.Vlse of Kraf t.va ^ en-Fdbk ena tern wurdffn uuif. However, as lamer gr £;. ere glass areas in the necks appeared vaguely, resulting in don boj πηγ i; ter. Ip.noruma-r. ielcl'enatern or konplex ^ ebo ^ enen Κγηϊ: \\ ί & £ * η- It'iökfnetern, a characteristic of all modern ^ a *; s,

90983 1/034 1 _ ₃ .

ORIGINAL

3 U71871

It became common practice to use flat panes of glass on a circumferential bending form and trim them off first in and through a bending furnace in which the glass is placed Egg tempered door was heated and in contact with the mold sagged. The discs bent in this way were then hardened by placing the mold with the bent on top of it Simply slice between horizontally arranged blue heads was passed through, the air currents, however, the two

Surfaces of the glass.

This horizontal way of tempering curved glass sheets has all proven to be very satisfactory. Ale man, however tried to apply a similar horizontal procedure to the.! types of flat disks as used for the Side or door panels of motor vehicles are used a number of serious difficulties arose.

Bits pegged well the underside of the horizontally supported one and moved the flat disk during and after heating to the softening point of the glass with the Back-up rollers were in contact, this roller contact resulting in scratching and damage. aside from that the disks hardened in this way did not have the required degree of flatness to meet the stringent requirements In the automotive industry su Desweiterση resulted problems resulting from distortion and other optical properties.

909831/0341 "

Therefore, ββ is a main aim of the present invention, flat tempered glass panes bit of exceptional flatness, improved optical properties and freedom from surface defects in a horizontal hardening process divide

Another objective is sur heat treatment of flat glass panes in a procedure while being in a plane horizontslen truncated, scarred without dis w Glaafläohe or otherwise damaged "

Furthermore, the invention aims at a process for the horizontal hardening of fluffy glass, in which the heat is evened out and made substantially uniform in the pane of glass before the pane is cooled "

Then, lat is an object of the invention to provide a ^v erfehren sur heat treatment of flat discs ansugeben in which a disc sunäohst unevenly to about the Krweichangepunkt the glass is heated, is then abgeklihlt uniformly to the temperature of the heated disk stablliaieren su, and finally daa glass is cooled quickly for hardening.

Further features and advantages of the invention result from the following description of an exemplary embodiment in connection with the drawing. Bb seigern

909831/0341

BAO

" ⁵ " U71871

Pig · 1 has a fracture-like vertical length through an execution forsi of a horizontal Hardening device that both he performing the Goal-lying invention can be used.

Tig 2 a bruohettlckhaf te top not on a part, the 8tUtsrolls in the vicinity of the entrances Blow copper

Fig. 3 in an enlarged brachetek-like view

the device near flg. 1 glass panes in operation · - J • positions _v and

FIG. 4 shows a fractional vertical cross-section generally along the line 4-4 in Tig 3,

According to the present invention, a method is sur Heat treatment of panes of glass, in which the panes are ritst, while they are of a certain length Moving the web on horizontally arranged racking means and then rapidly cooling them, characterized in that that during the heating of the panes their upper surface ( Just a few of them are brought to a higher temperature lower surface, so that the lower surface is separated from the support means bends away, and that then the tempereturea the two surfaces of the disc must be leveled in order to make the slices flat before cooling

According to the invention there is also a device for the Worming of panes of glass with a horizontal one Furnace, means for conveying a sheet of glass through the furnace,

9 0 9 8 31/0341

~ ⁶ "U71871

Means from Beheiaen the disc when it goes through the oven is moved, and the furnace-aligned means of rapid cooling of the two surfaces of the glass pane, after the dleee has been received in the oven, daduroh, that the cooling shafts occupy a distance from the furnace and leave an open area free and that the conveyor in the open area has a number of horizontal smooth-faced driven orphans which hit bed-side material has, as the pane of the furnace on the hardening agents on a run over Remove the bow on the lower surface of the disc, while the temperatures awaken the two surfaces of the So it should be balanced within the open area

The drawings are now enjoyed. Zn flg. 1 lat a kind of horizontal hardening device pays attention to the execution of the invention Procedure can be applied

The holding device 10 consists essentially of a heating furnace A, a pair of opposing blue heads B and a number of orphans C, which form a path that begins in furnace A and extends beyond the blue head B backwards. The furnace A has the (ibliohe horizontal construction) and is suitably heated, for example by the arrangement of burners 11 in the roof, their healing effect can be controlled by appropriate torrlohtungen, not illustrated, in order to achieve any desired temperature level in the furnace and any change of the entemperatur of ά "τ a sur other hand, from one to the other

909831/0341

- 7 ~ BA °

"^" U71871

or from top to bottom.

The blue heads B also have the usual shapes and sizes upper and lower air chambers 12 and 13, one of which is drilling 14 Torstenen, who hangs against both sides of a glass tube 15, when these move through it, are directed and blow air flow on it.

The orphans C are of a kind, an arrangement, a support

and Antriebeweiee as f ^r ir the support and drive of orphans of this type are in common use; but the

Wa la «compositions and speeds are in some Cases modified in a way and su a purpose like it

will be explained in more detail below

The first group 17 of orphans C who are inside the heating furnace

Λ, any composition, for example, can be rented

Metal or asbestos and the optional surface finish

as is customary for oven rollers. In a similar way

Way can the second group 18 of the back-up rolls, which between

the blow head B, the usual form of proportional have narrow disks 19 on thin shafts 20, as Fig. 2 best shows, so that this conveyor and

Stutswalzen the one directed against the lower side of the glass Oppose air currents the smallest possible resistance.

However, in order to implement the method according to the invention, i & t a third group 21 of the rollers between the heating furnace A. and the elastic heads B are provided, which preferably also the first few rollers in the area of the Plngange between the

909831/034 1 -S- _ßAD

- * - U71871

Includes blow heads. Sit rolls in dieeer group bed "hen au · • in ·" smooth, relatively bulky which, abrasion resistant hltsebeständigen material belspleleweiee a · by Kalksllikat bound · porous heat resistant · connection with tibet 50? May eein C Giliziuaoxyd and AluminiuBOxyd where ei ^w Other main ingredients include eggs (such as Pe ₂ O ^) and alkaline earth oxide (such as CaO and MgO).

As is common in the heat treatment of glass panes, can the speed of the horizontal ätlitswalsen C changed depending on the condition of the moving glass above it by adding independent drives for the rollers or for groups of catfish and / or overrunning clutches and the like can be provided. Therefore, the groups of orphans C can be provided with independent drive means 22, which are connected to independent Sfctoren 23, so that the Glaeee herring with a relatively slow speed through the first zones of the Heisofene A, with a larger one Speed when they reach the end of the furnace, where the maximum glass temperature occurs, and with this in proportion moving at high speed; until the heated disc is outside and beyond the oven A is located and completely open between the blue heads B. let «

Even before the present invention, unions were made, flat panes of glass in a horizontal one Hard to experience when hardening the glass fleece evenly heated to about the softening point, while ee

909831/0341 &

U71871

see moving through a tunnel furnace, and then clearing it became, by swiaohen it immediately afterwards, a bear of blaeheads was directed, the air currents reddened against both glass surfaces *

The glass panes hardened in this way are unsatisfactory for many reasons. In the first place, considerable difficulties arose because of the tendency of the orphans, such as are commonly used in tunnel ovens, to scratch or damage the underside of the pane as it neared the exit end of the oven where it was at its highest temperature reached and therefore extremely sensitive and susceptible to marking was by Walsenberlihrwng. in swelter line is a serious problem arose due to the distortion and the lack of flatness ¹ O i such flat cured Glaasoheiben, presumably waa to changes in the Erwärmungsouster is aurUoksufUhren that And these factors also led to optical defects in the glass panes, which made them practically useless if they were intended for such critical purposes as the glazing of the side windows of motor vehicles.

The present invention is based on the discovery that by a relatively small modification of the known usual procedures and door directions on horizontal heat treatment ea possible let to manufacture flat tempered glass sheets with weaentlioh improved quality, all

Fulfill the requirements of a motor vehicle glazing.

909831/0341

BAP - IA -

H71871

lure said, let the invention be given by two steps, those in the known processes for horizontal hardening • be added * The ·· steps can be independent of each other can be used and form valuable Zuaätse BU the known heat treatment · procedure · if However, you bit each other and take certain steps Ubliohen horizontal hardnesses are combined, results in eioh • In the new process for daa horisontal · hardening »dafi ·· possible is “fluffy hardened oleech slices exceptionally good Quality SU.

The first of these steps consists in removing a difference in temperature between the upper and lower flies of the glacial glass while it is in the hot oven and is brewed to its maximum temperature. He "swelte Sohritt is in a ^v ergleioheäflignng or färmeausgleioh and takes place in the period after the erhitste Qlaesaheibe exits the furnace and before si · dl · · blow head reached.

IUr a beeaerea understanding of the exact working environment · will the method according to the invention is described in isolation, wl * ti also illustrated in the drawings Performance is carried out.

flat glazed windows that are ready For example, motor vehicle doors, "ureohtgeeohnitten" Bind, are not illustrated in the entrance sands dee furnace A introduced and on the conveyor system 17 ble sum Exit 24 headed. These Furderwmlsen can be used

909831/0341 ^f

H71871

different speeds in the «island parts The furnace is driven and controlled in a known manner be that the panes of glass ^ if they dee the first part Pass through the oven * have a relatively low speed, for example in the order of 2.5 - 6.25 m / min, to save space. But if you calibrate the stepping-out end of the As you approach the furnace, this speed is usually increased In successive steps until ei «approx. 17» 5 - 30.0 m / min cheats, do not demit the hot glass between the rollers sagged "

Usually the temperature inside the oven and the The speed of movement of the glass through the furnace is controlled in such a way that the time at which the glass panes the Reach the exit end, they are substantially uniform to a temperature close to the softening point of the glass are heated.

Any possibility of surface damage is in accordance with the invention on the outer part of the disc into the temperature area completely switched off with horizontal shepherding of flat panes of glass because, as already stated, an essential feature of the invention in the Creation of a temperature difference between the upper ones and the lower side of the glass pane stands when it is on the The softening point is raised, causing the touch to weaken the oven orphans and the critical area of the underside of the carrion, reduced to a minimum, if not completely switched off

909831/0341

Η71871

This is done by using the action of the hot elements 11 eo g * is controlled that the top of the glass panes on an approximately «higher temperature than the underside is obtained, when you move it through oven A. This warmth made a difference from the top to the bottom causes the disk 15 to move upwards, as shown in FIGS Exaggerated is shown that the orphans 17 the bottom of the glass pane only touch the side edges 15, during the entire central or critical area of the Bottom of the glass out of contact with the EtUtswalsen held let *

Obviously, this is a very desirable condition. However, if the step of different heating If only horizontal tempering is used on flat glass, this can cause undesirable distortion in the finished product Emphasize the product or even create a special one · This is due to the fact that if the pane is not heated to the correct temperature from the furnace directly as the blow head is directed, As was customary up to now, both surfaces of the pane are quenched and the glass is hardened while the The lower side of the sole has a different temperature than the upper side and while the disc is in one accordingly discarded state.

Except in those cases where discarding is for one for a specific purpose, as would be possible with the production of very weakly curved panes, this would be the case only lead to the fact that the characteristic distortions

909831/0341

U71871

errors »which have hitherto been a major problem in hardening fleoher Gleeeoheiben In the known horizontal Hardening procedures were, would become Teretärkt.

the present invention, however, is possible for everyone sohädliche effect, which because of the lower fiehelsena Ib Oven A could be created by a heat compensation ear Overcome and completely held up This step is carried out when the glasses window leaves the furnace watch out. Therefore the orphans 21 serve dasu, the glass disk That side of the home influences a dee furnace A and about a kursea 8tttck dee XUhIeinfIueeee the blow head B for a sufficiently long period of time to allow the temperature to rise Glue out the top and bottom of the pane of glass.

In an oven, especially for the hardening of the door * let the olas be laid out at about 575 ° C plus or minus 11 ° C has turned out to be that an area like the furnace A and the die B, Let it open to the atmosphere and have a length of about 1 m if the glass is of the order of 0.6 to thick 1st and at a speed of about 24 m / min is moved forward, let it be suitable for this purpose. Bel With this arrangement, the glass is in the open area

909831/0341

H71871

Rich swiechen dot furnace and the heads during-one Time of about 2.5 · from the heat applied to the first Cooling, compare with about IAO β in the methods tried so far, in which the pane comes directly from the furnace ■ wipe the blow head · was directed ·

The temperature equalization that takes place while the QIa moves over the rollers 21 results in the discarded disc returns to its original fora suriiok, and that the temperature from the top to sur Uhtereeite ™ comes into balance. Demsu sequence have the effect of the blow head more evenly on a substantially non-deformed disc Temperature, and it has already shown that sheets of tempered glass with it are of remarkable flatness and unusual good quality can be produced.

It has also been featured that the flatness and surface quality of the hardened disc are even more improved if the orphans 21 are made from a carefully machined, batur-smooth, hi-tx-resistant * material, such as the above-mentioned Xalksllkst compound or other refractory materials with similar characteristics. This seems to be due to the ironing effect of these orphans, if they touch the bottom of the calibration moving above the glass sheets along konstsnt shifted properties under apart transverse lines.

In fact, attempts have been made on the usual gate directions shown that panes of glass made by means of the known

909831/0341

U71871

horisontalen hardening process were treated hinelchtlich hardly meet the requirements is VerEerrungefreiheit f ^f ir Auto Seitenfeneter correspond, but that on In the same devices when eind modified within the meaning of the invention, flat hardened Glaascheiben can be prepared containing the lowest previously recorded Vereerrung "intrinsically . In addition, the glass hardened in this way shows an eight-leaf increase in strength.

Patent claims:

909831 / 03A1

Claims (1)

H71871 Jt PatentaniprUohii 1 · Process on heat treatment of panes of glass, with the The slices are obtained while they are being calibrated along a b · et learned spell on horizontally arranged study materials move and then be cooled rapidly, because marked, that during the heating of the disks their The upper surface is brought to a higher temperature than that of the lower surface, eodafi the inner curses calibrate away from the 8ttttsalinge and that then the The temperatures of the two surfaces of the disc are equalized put the slices flat before they cool down do" 2 «Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom of the glass panes during temperature equalization * to be flattened or ironed, indenole 8 Discs are advanced over and in contact with a moving surface that is on constantly different, spaced lines of a transverse abatement are trained. 3 · The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the smooth calibration moving surface is made up of a number In general, the distance between orphans is made of which, heat-resistant material is made of. New documents (* t7 | i At ".2νγ.ιMate ^ ndnv ^ y.". ^. _Q 909831/0341 U71871 Device for the heat treatment of glass panes with a horizontal oven, means to move a sheet of glass through the oven, means to heat the sheet when It is moved through the furnace, and bit the furnace aligned means to rapidly cool the two surfaces of the glass sheet after heating it in the furnace has been recognized by the fact that the cooling means has a distance from the furnace and an open area dssischen release and that the sponsor in the open area sine number of horizontal smooth-surfaced driven rollers made of soft hitsebat "Has material to transfer the pane from the furnace to the hardening means and has an ironing effect on the exercise lower surface of the disc while the tempering be balanced between the two surfaces of the washer within the open bsrelohes • 01131/0341 - / 18- Blank page