DE1467958C3 - Tooth cleaning and polishing preparations - Google Patents

Description

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Another point found in the development of one is that the surface shape of the zirconium

Appropriate prophylactic agent should be observed, silicate particles have a significant impact on the

is the ability to polish teeth to a shine, has the ability to clean and polish at the same time,

d. i.e., smooth and high gloss enamel surfaces to fracture-made zirconium silicate particles

achieve. Highly polished surfaces tend to stand open - 5 (for example, with a hammer mill) have jagged ones

lent less to the formation of coverings and surfaces in the oral cavity, which for so long were mainly

to hold back any residues, and to reduce this fact until the surface has become smooth,

is one of the reasons for using an abrasive while the smooth particles are predominantly polished

develop that not only cleans effectively, but also has an effect. In contrast, similar particles have

also produces a particularly good gloss. So far io are made by grinding with a ball mill,

However, you could not get a good gloss without affecting generally smooth surfaces

impairment of the cleaning effect or an earth which does not succeed in effective cleaning,

achieve an increase in the grinding effect. Experiments have shown that zirconium silicate for

Apparently there is only a slight, if over-use as a dental abrasive completely unsuitable at all a relationship between the cleaning and 15 if it is not introduced into the oral cavity with a specific polishing properties of dental abrasives or the surface shape and particle size distribution between the grinding action and the ability of the will. In contrast, it has been found that the abrasive can produce a smooth tooth surface. Use of zirconium silicate, which is produced by breaking, for example, powdered aluminum oxide (in order to achieve an initially jagged upper excellent polishing agent, which is a very smooth and planar shape) and which produces a certain, glossy surface, but it has such ned classes of particles up to to a medium abrasive effect that the associated loss of particle diameter of about 70 μ, the tooth structure forbids it, its application to recommended prophylactic properties without missing. On the other hand, precipitated chalk cleanses rather excessive abrasion of the teeth,
good, but creates a rough tooth surface. Dical- 25 In order to determine the grinding effect of zirconium silicate a ciumphosphate causes relatively little specific particle size, one can rub, but it does not succeed in effectively polishing an abrasion value for the tooth structure, based on. A mixture of insoluble sodium- the loss of tooth structure in mm after treatment with metaphosphate and tricalcium phosphate is quite a calculator with a given abrasive. With effective polishing agents, however, this combination is 3 ° of this method, a tooth whose strength is exactly not a particularly good cleaning agent. What has been measured at the time, polished, the tooth being put in a means most suitable for prophylactic dental treatment, for example a metal cup, pumice stone powder. This means is attached. The attached tooth becomes a good cleaner with the mind, but has a strong abrasive effect with the help of an abrasive chosen for prophylaxis and produces an extremely bad polish. Polished shell used in 35 lactic treatment. Recent studies have shown that after a specified contact time (the tooth surface that is retained for all measurements is standardized after treatment with pumice), the strength of the tooth stone powder is again so rough that the occurrence of tooth is determined and the loss continues Tooth structure measured. Stone discolouration, plaque and other oral peeling. In this way you can see typical abrasion values for which increases considerably. 40 different compounds that act as dental abrasives

There is therefore a need for an effective cleaning agent to be used as a function of the particle size and to create polishes that determine a damage size. The abrasion values for all underlay of the tooth tissue is greatly reduced. As already sought connections tend to be mentioned, Numerous compositions are known to increase in particle size, but it is those that clean well, but not polish, or those that are easy to 45 still possible, a classification for tooth grinding, but does not clean satisfactorily. Up to now, medium was rolled into one with the help of relative abrasion values no known agent that cleans to the desired extent specified usable particle range (e.g. and polished without at the same time an undesirable amount of wise up to an average particle diameter of To cause tooth structure damage. -. about 100 μ) as a measure. So enough tooth

The object underlying the invention is 50 abrasives of compounds with relative

seen in it, a tooth cleaning and polishing agent with low abrasion values (for example such substances

to create the latter properties such as calcite) to those with relatively high

having. Abrasion values (for example such materials as pumice

According to the invention, this object is achieved by rock powder and powdered aluminum oxide). Further

solves that the tooth cleaning and tooth polishing agent 55 corresponding compounds with relatively low

Zirconium silicate particles as an essential component whose abrasion values are dibasic calcium

shows that "these zirconium silicate particles are a top phosphate dihydrate, tribasic calcium phosphate, insoluble

surface shape with jagged corners and that their liches sodium metaphosphate and calcium pyrophosphate

mean diameter in a first class up to about phat and other corresponding compounds with

20 μ, in a second class from around 20 μ to around 60, relatively high abrasion values are two-based

50 μ and in a third class from about 50 μ to cal anhydrous calcium phosphate, magnesium silicate

is about 70 μ. and aluminum silicate.

The inventive tooth cleaning and tooth All substances listed are either ineffective,

polishing agent exhibits optimal properties for the pro-poor or only moderate polishing agent in comparison

phylaxis on. The particle size distribution is through 65 to zirconium silicate, with the exception of powdered

a combination of different defined grain alumina. Powdered alumina is a

classes that gave a good polishing agent for individual cleaning and polishing tasks, but it is so abrasive that

are specific, critically defined. Furthermore, the constant use has also been

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The following prophylactic treatment is not justifiable above about 70 μ, the abrasive effect of the

bar appears. The uniqueness of zirconium silicate zirconium silicate is undesirably high and the polishing

with a particular particle size distribution the description effect decreases accordingly.

Beneath nature lies in its ability to make a proportion- It has been found that certain combinations

to cause moderately little abrasion and at the same time as 5 of relatively rough and relatively

highly effective and specific cleaning agent and po- fine zirconium silicate can serve that

lubricants to work. Polishing effect without undue impairment of the

The particle size in an abrasive can improve the cleaning effectiveness of the combination

expressed numerically in different ways and vice versa.

be, of which one of the most common of the 'mean io in particular has been found to be an intimate

Diameter "is, d. i.e., half of the particles have mixture of 3 classes of particle size distribution

a larger one, the other half a smaller one is required to be effective: polishing and covering

Diameter. Under the term "particle size", how to remove (Class I); to clean and discoloration

it is used here is an average value for that of hard tooth tissues, namely enamel, dentin

Understand diameter. 15 and cement, remove (class II) and not

The particle size of a specific abrasive organic, for preservative dental treatment

represents a very reliable measure for statements about the substances used, for example metal fillings,

its abrasive effect. When investigating amalgams, plastics, and silicates to clean

via abrasion values, as described above, strong discoloration, for example green spots and

Abrasives with particle size 20 stannous fluoride pigmentation were removed (class

investigated not more than ± 3% in a range III).

varied from 1 to 100 μ. It was thus determined that the three classes are defined in the following way: Pumice stone powder and powdered aluminum oxide in

a relatively high class in the specified area

Show grinding effect. Powdered aluminum oxide 25

is able to produce a shiny, smooth surface τ

Particle size (μ)

up to about 20

from about 20 to about 50 from about 50 to about 70

to produce, however, is due to its grinding effect ττ
its use in · dental prophylaxis
closed. Pumice stone powder is a good cleaning agent, but produces a dull tooth surface. In the preferred embodiment of the invention and is not suitable for effective polishing, these classes in a percentage ratio are suitable. Calcite has a similarly high abrasive effect in the range of about 10 to 50% of Class I; and quickly injures the dentin; furthermore 5 to 25% of class III and the remainder of class II it produces a dull tooth surface with raised teeth. To get the best effectiveness is a borrowed scratch. Apparently the abrasive and 35 ratio of about 41:12:47 for class I, III the enamel scratching properties are more numerous or II to be used, as can be traced back to the preferred zirconium silicate compositions given in abrasives (e.g. calcite) on impurities. one of which is indicated. test is free silica. The content of particle sizes is according to the invention

For example, it is known that calcium carbonate 4 ° over 70 μ to not more than 2% and the content of with an impurity of 5% silicon dioxide a particle size below 10 μ to not more than 25% has three times the abrasive effect than limited, so that the majority of the particles in pure calcium carbonate. An important property of a particle size range from 10 to 70 μ falls. Zirconium silicate is its very low natural con- The production of zirconium silicate is more suitable concentration of free silicon dioxide (less than 45 particle size can according to usual known working 0.04%), which apparently was partly due to his ability to show. Essentially, in these unification, Without scratching the tooth enamel, zirconium silicate ore is ground and then wearing. sifted with conventional sieve devices in order to

It has been found that zirconium silicate can be separated into a desired particle size (e.g. A standard 400 mesh screen holds about 95% with a range up to about 70μ regardless of its 5 ° Particle size a relatively low abrasive particle size of 35 ± 3% μ back). Although it can Effect, although a gradual easier one to apply different painting techniques, however Increase in the abrasive effect up to the upper limit is a breaking method, for example with a Hamdes suitable area takes place. It was also mermühle, preferred, since it found the most useful part, that the cleaning effect of zirconium surfaces for the inventive silicate with jagged corners (i.e. at a through-purpose supplies. Come within the scope of the invention Breaking, for example with a hammer mill, but of course other methods are also possible, zirconium silicate) with an increasing number of parts that provide the same surface shapes. By The particle size increases, while the polishing effect of zirconia obtained with hammer mill milling increases Particle size decreases. The specified 60 silicate particles have a surface shape with bene reverse course for the cleaning and jagged corners, and the surface protrusions wer-polishing properties of zirconium silicate let you gradually optimize the cleaning process Suspect particle size range in which to wear, so that they have a relatively smooth upper both Cleaning as polishing properties an optimal surface design for the subsequent polishing process reach mum. This area was found to give 65. Zirconia ground in a ball mill extends to a particle size of about 70 μ, while silicate particles tend to be relatively it is necessary that within this area smooth surface shapes to form, although the very specific distributions exist. With particle polishing are suitable, but with which an effective

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Cleansing numerous discolorations and pigmentation- 60 out of 61 cases achieved while using the lava strings in prophylactic treatment not stone and pumice stone powder only in 34 and 19 cases, respectively succeed. cleaning took place. Similarly, was at

Usually, the zirconium silicate is introduced into the oral black discolorations (which are very often caused by excessive aqueous slurry as part of moderate tobacco consumption), the common prophylactic agent of zirconium silicate, although abrasive is effective in 12 of 14 cases, while the same in some cases ( For example, in the case of the handlave pumice stone and the pumice stone powder only in 5 or treatment of silver amalgam and gold inlays) the 2 cases were successful. Results with similar zirconium silicate directly on the treated ratio, which gives the superior cleaning effect of the area applied. In general, zirconium silicate abrasives should show that cleaning as much as possible resulted in the lowest possible removal of deposits, yellow and brown amounts of water (e.g. 15 parts of water on dyeings and 100 parts of zirconium silicate powder for stannous fluoride pigmentation) and more liquid.
Mixtures (for example 25 parts of water on example 2
100 parts powder) should ensure the highest possible polishing 15 ^P

effect can be applied. Of course, everyone should be A particularly serious case of greens

The treatment is carried out on an individual basis, depending on the discoloration, the front teeth were 19 years old

the present needs. old man who reported that he was never at

Of course, different substances can also have been a dentist and also his teeth

(for example flavors) the cleaning agent and 20 only »once or twice a year« during its life

Polishing agent made of the zirconium silicate described. The amount of green discoloration

can be added with certain characteristics. The one in this patient's mouth was so strong that you could

Use of this zirconium silicate was considered as the essential, using the maxillary anterior incisors

Borrowed cleaning and polishing agent comes in the frame cap to be provided. For comparison purposes, the

of the invention, however, primarily as part of a pro- 25 left anterior incisor in the mouth of this patient

phylactic treatment. 10 seconds with the zir-

Further details pertaining to the practice of the invention conium silicate abrasives with particular particulate matter are covered in the following size distribution.

Description of exemplary clinical examinations A very small amount of water (15 parts

explained. 30 water to 100 parts of abrasive). Of the

The example of the right anterior incisor was made in the same way

with pumice stone powder with that given in Table I.

Treated to the ability of zirconium silicate of certain distribution. After the specified treatment particle size distribution, teeth cleaning and treatment, there was none left on the Token incisor with the polishing, it was green discoloration that was visible with a conventional eye, but pumice stone powder and lava pebble stone (the usual no signs of this could be observed prophylactic abrasives are used) when the right anterior incisor had a green removal of 6 different common for- stains removed.
Tooth discoloration or pigmentation ...
compared. The pumice stone powder, the lava pumice stone 40 B e 1 s ρ 1 e 1 3
and the zirconium silicate that were examined. One patient exhibited pigmentation, the percentages reported in Table I, visibly caused by the use of localized particle size distributions. applied stannous fluoride, observed, its four

In the comparative investigation, the patient's maxillary incisors were heavily pigmented in the cervical areas with tooth discoloration or enamel pigments. Attempts to remove these pigmentations from the left anterior maxillary incisor with conventional abrasives and with bleaching tooth, the right anterior maxillary incisor or, led to only moderate success, since the two anterior mandibular incisors with which the main part of the pigmentation remained, although- ' cleaned three abrasives. The patients were at the same time the strength of the staining decreased. By determining the cleaning and polishing properties, prophylactic treatment with zirconium silicate, the three abrasives were randomly classified so that a particular particle size distribution (given in Table I, the morphologically determined type-related sub- stances), the entire stannous fluoride pigment in the various abrasives was statistically classified from the enamel surfaces balance this patient. All abrasives were sufficiently removed for one application, prepared in aqueous medium, and all were made up as a paste-like slurry (i.e. with which the pigmentation of the slightly whiter area equals the lower ratio of powder to water ) of the hypoplastic cervical enamel removed,
applied. The patients' teeth became accurate. . . .
Polished for 30 seconds with standard prophylaxis Example 4
and then evaluated for the cleaning effect. 60 With a number of patients have been clinical

The results of this comparative study are studies through prophylactic treatment

shown in Table II. Of 544 people had performed with various abrasives to the

A total of 61 patients' teeth with green discoloration. Relationship between the prophylactic grinding gene on. Of this kind of discoloration as well as of medium and the formation of new coating on the blackened areas Discoloration and stannous fluoride pigments - 65 reduced and polished tooth surfaces of the patients tation is known to be the most difficult to identify from. 50 patients between 22 and 24 years of age removed from the enamel surfaces. With the were in 5 equal groups on the basis of their ofalen Zirconium silicate abrasive was a cleaning in hygiene and according to the extent of scale formation

assigned at the initial examination. None of the subjects had carious or dental teeth in their front teeth treated. All incisors of the upper and lower jaw were thoroughly prophylactically included treated with one of the 5 different abrasives listed in Table III. The first four of these abrasives are commercially available materials commonly used as dental abrasives. All patients received new ones Toothbrushes and the order, during the examination period, the use of any dentifrices or to refrain from mouthwashing. Each patient was given instructions for a recommended method of brushing your teeth, which will help reduce your concerns about bad breath should as a toothpaste should not be used. The values in Table III show significant Differences between the 5 different abrasives in terms of their ability to do the To reduce the formation of new plaque on a cleaned and polished tooth surface. Pumice stone powder, a mixture of equal parts of insoluble sodium metaphosphate and tricalcium phosphate (IMP / TCP) and tin oxide all created enamel surfaces on which within about a week a deposit formed again. Powdered alumina created an enamel surface that delayed plaque regression for about 17 days; however, by far the most effective was zirconium silicate with the particular particle size distribution (given in Table I), insofar as the new formation of coating was delayed about a month.

B e i s ρ i e 1 5

A comparable demonstration of the polishing effect of zirconium silicate was obtained with the treatment of a Observed patient complaining of excessive buildup on his teeth. During the examination and questioning, it turned out that the patient had been commercially viable during the previous week had taken an oral antibiotic and that the "cluster" he was talking about was apparently the result excessive yeast growth in the oral cavity. The person previously had an exemplary Practiced oral hygiene and had been under clinical observation for many years. The left and right This patient's mandibular teeth were treated with zirconium silicate or pumice powder with usual prophylactic measures Treated measures, the particle size distributions given in Table I applied became. The patient was then placed under observation to determine the rate of neoplasm of materia alba on the lingual surfaces of the anterior mandibular teeth. The time elapsed after using a pumice stone powder abrasive was required until the first Materia alba could be determined, was about 2 hours, whereas the front teeth treated with the zirconium silicate abrasive were only able to Materia alba can be observed for the first time after approximately 86 hours.

From the above description it is clear that the present invention has a unique prophylactic Treatment is achieved based on the use of zirconium silicate with a special Particle size distribution and a certain surface shape as a cleaning and polishing agent. at details of the zirconium silicate cleaning and polishing agent described during preparation and application can be modified and changed in various ways without affecting the scope of the Invention is abandoned.

Table I.

Particle size fewer more Lävä ™ Pumice Circus Great (μ) as as pumice stone
powder nium
silicate 70 70 60 (%) (%) (%) III 60 50 2.7 2.0 0.7 50 40 1.1 6.0 5.7 40 37 9.3 2.7 5.8 II 37 35 8.1 8.2 10.0 35 33 3.9 7.0 4.3 33 30th 6.7 2.4 3.5 30th 24 2.6 4.9 4.2 24 20th 2.4 6.3 7.1 20th 10 13.6 10.4 8.6 10 4.1 10.0 9.5 I. 25.0 20.8 19.3 20.5 19.3 21.3

100.0 j 100.0 j 100.0

Table II

Type of
Ver number of Pumice A-ava-
pumice Zir 34 60 coloring persons stone
powder conium
silicate 5 12th By
sons with Ver
coloring, Pay your r cleaning success 42 48 number green Topping
or as the action of the abrasive 10 14th black Pigmen
tation 19th 5 10 544 Topping 61 2 9 18th yellow 14th 41 Brown 48 10 SnF ₂ 14th 2 no 10 2 20th 377

Table III

Abrasives Neoplasm
of topping
after treatment
with abrasives
(Days) Pumice stone powder
IMP / TCP
Tin dioxide
powdered aluminum oxide ....
ZrSiO ₁ 5
7th
8th
17th
31

Claims (7)

1 2 Means for grinding and polishing glass and claims: to use ceramic materials for technical purposes. Zirconium silicate is of course used in technology as a grinding 1. Tooth cleaning and polishing agents, which are known and used for grinding and polishing characterized in that it uses Zir- 5 of glass and ceramic materials. Dakonium silicate particles as an essential component against was not shown for use as a dental cleaning, that these zirconium silicate particles are still a supply and dental polish in the oral cavity Have a surface shape with jagged corners for use in the absence of a fluoride-containing, and that its mean diameter in a first anticariogenic agent is zirconium silicate with particle class up to about 20 μ. in a second class io sizes as defined herein are proposed, from about 20 μ up to about 50 μ, and in a third the characteristics characteristic of zirconium silicate Class is from about 50 μ to about 70 μ. extraordinary hardness and grinding effect (for example 2. Means according to claim 1, characterized by a hardness number of 7.5 on the Mohs scale for draws that the portion of the first class is about 10 commercial zirconium silicate of the kind like it up to 50%, the proportion of the third class 5 to 24% 15 is used, for example, for glass grinding) and the remainder of particles of the second, however, led to the conclusion that zirconium silicate Class exists. seriously damage (i.e., abrade) the tooth structure 3. Means according to claim 1 or 2, thereby scratching and scratching), and therefore for use indicates that the three classes in a pro- in dental care would be unsuitable. percentage ratio of about 41:12:47 of the 20 This has been found in experiments with the first, third and second class are included. named technical purposes used zirconium 4. Agent according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the silicate has actually been proven to be applicable,
draws that no more than 2% or no more dental plaque, food particles, external discoloration than 25% of the zirconium silicate particles can have a mean and other tooth surface pigmentations leren particle diameter of more than 70 μ or 25 of the teeth to varying degrees with the help of less than Have ΙΟ μ. suitable dentifrices and toothbrushes at the 5. Agent according to claim 1, characterized in that the usual daily tooth brushing is removed, draws that the serrated zirconium silicate part- Some discoloration and pigmentation in the enamel chen by breaking with a hammer mill are against the abrasives, which are in usual are posed. 30 dentifrice compounds are contained, much too resistant * 6. Tooth cleaning and polishing agents, thereby dig. Therefore, dentistry must be a "prophylactic" characterized in that it can carry zirconium silicate as an essential treatment, not just to tartar, Borrowed ingredient that contains the zirconium but also to remove the discoloration that silicate particles with jagged corners due to the daily use of a dentifrice have areas and that no more than 25% of the 35 are not removed satisfactorily. If either Particles with a diameter of less than 10 μ use a dentifrice or the usual and do not use more than 2% diameter of a prophylactic treatment guide than 70μ have, the remaining mass of the particles deten abrasives are used, although teeth are often cleaned with a medium diameter in a first class, but they only have one up to about 20 μ, in a second class of about 4 ° low gloss or low smoothness. Nice 20 to 50 μ and in a third class of approximately for aesthetic reasons are with clean teeth 50 to about 70 microns, and in which the three classes high gloss is desirable. in a ratio of about 10 to 50: 5 to 25: the difficulties encountered with the relative remaining percentage of. first, third and infrequent use of an abrasive in a second Class present. 45 phylactic paste, for example with a one or 7. Means according to claim 6, characterized by prophylactic carried out twice a year draws that the percentages related to treatment, are very different 41:12:47 is. of the difficulties that arise when using an abrasive as part of a toothbrush 50 means for use two or three times a day, although the desired end result, namely to clean and polish the enamel, that The invention relates to a tooth cleaning and can be the same. It is clear that you are in a pro-dental polish. phylactic paste a means with higher abrasion A dentifrice is known that can use more than everyday aluminum silicate is in calcined form. CaI care with a common dentifrice. In both Cininated aluminosilicate has a high level of abrasion; however, care must be taken to ensure that a worth and therefore attacks tooth enamel, dentin and excessive loss of hard tooth structure on Ko-Zahnzement relatively strong. On the other hand, most of the cleaning action is avoided. It it was only a moderate polish, and it was just 60 that was generally believed to be when trying that because of its high abrasion value. In the case of the known harder-to-remove types of discoloration too Means are to remove the particle sizes used in such a way (for example tobacco, green, stannous, that 100% of them have a diameter of fluoride or silver nitrate spots) at most a grain size than have 5 μ. As a result, the grinding gap between cleaning and loss of tooth effect is reduced these particles are reduced, however this can be achieved 65 structure, or in other word by a worsening of the desired rides that one has to accept losses of tooth structure The cleaning and, of course, the polishing effect are bought at the price. must take to these more difficult spots and / or Furthermore, it is already known to remove zirconium silicate as pigmentation as well as possible.