DE1452809A1 - Heat exchanger and manufacturing process - Google Patents

Description

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Olin Mathieson Chemical Corporation, New York / New York, V.St.A Heat exchanger and manufacturing process

The invention relates generally to heat exchangers and im special focus on heat exchangers, which are made in one piece from sheet metal and provided with secondary, heat-dissipating fins and methods of making such heat exchangers.

A commonly used and effectively working embodiment of a heat exchange unit for evaporators, air conditioning systems, condensers, KUh! Radiators for internal combustion engines and the like is made of several superimposed metal sheets between which a number of ducts are arranged, which are spaced and parallel to each other from a first or Inlet manifolds run to a second or outlet manifold, Es -: ö: vn ^ "i - ?. One or more such units are used, ■ λλ -." 1 d: le channels or cavities serve to facilitate a heat exchange .1.11 .el ζ.S. Water or another ;? Coolant with another: 1 ^<ιά Λ. Χ.Λ-vjie air or a gas, which (that) between the channels

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or cavities flowing through, into a heat exchange relationship j ' bring to. This type of construction is typical for motor vehicle radiators, for example that from the cooled engine block with With the help of a pump, heated water was first pumped out into one of the two distributors and then through a large number of thin-walled, relatively flat and close by ι mutually lying pipes flows, between the cooling air: is blown through, and which is generally perpendicular to the run one to the other distributor. Capacitors often have the same structure.

According to a method known from US Pat. No. 2,690,002, such a heat exchange unit can be produced without difficulty in such a way that a large number of channels are created within a metal sheet. According to this process, a material preventing welding is applied between sheets to be joined together according to a suitable pattern, after which all areas of the sheets that are adjacent to one another, with the exception of the areas that are separated from one another by the ..- ■ welding-preventing material, are joined together by pressure welding , whereby a one-piece plate is produced. Thereafter, the unen- welded districts be expanded by introducing a pressure medium into ducts or pipes, which form with the plate a unit. However, this method was not entirely satisfactory, since the channels produced in this way were fairly flat or had an oval cross-section, the largest dimensions being in

of or parallel to the plate in which the channels are created. In some areas of use, it is desirable that the pipes or channels not only run in the longitudinal direction of the plate, but rather ?! They also extend vertically out of the plate and indeed considerably far, so that a larger number of the channels can be arranged parallel to one another at a distance instead of a smallest number of channels running in the same plane. This design allows "the Herste of units aI ^ Settin g _s individual pieces very grossa _three of which

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Smaller number can be put together for systems in which the external medium is transversely through perforations on the plate flows through to this and not parallel to the plate along its outer sides. ■

The invention provides for the manufacture of a metal plate according to that described in US Pat. No. 2,690,002, cited above ■ Proceedings, with the system of ducts in progress is produced. This plate is then opposed along a number of parallel, spaced apart between two arranged manifolds are slit running lines, whereby the connecting channels or pipes are created. the Pipe parts located between adjacent slots are then bent or twisted out of the normal plane of the plate, so that the pipe parts are essentially perpendicular to the plane of the plate.

To improve the heat transfer properties of the facility, becomes a secondary heat-dissipating fin material between the parallel, facing surfaces of adjacent tubes inserted and soldered at the point of use with hard or soft solder. These are extremely easy to manufacture and composable construction. provides a practical and highly effective heat exchanger, its channels or tubes large amounts of a heat exchange medium flow around the outside can be without creating a significant turbulence in the medium or the flow is significantly hindered.

The invention therefore provides

a compact and highly effective heat exchanger for the transfer of heat between an interior and a. external heat exchange medium,

a heat exchanger with a number of parallel heat transfer tubes, connect the two distributors with each other

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, and 'which in the greatest quantities from an internal heat transfer L medium flowed through,

a heat exchanger with a number of heat transfer tubes extending between two distributors, one of which is elongated th cross-section, the transverse or main dimension ■ of the tube substantially perpendicular to the normal plane of the plat te runs from which the heat exchanger is made,

a heat exchanger with a number of opposite between two distributors disposed heat transfer tubes, which are out of the normal plane of the plate from which the heat exchanger is made, bent or rotated, said slots or openings _S are created by an external heat transfer medium unhindered about the foreign · The heat transfer pipes can seldom flow,

a heat exchanger with a number of two manifolds with interconnecting heat transfer _{tubes s} whose main cross-sectional dimension is substantially perpendicular to the normal plane of the plate t _s from which the heat exchanger is made ₅ with elongated openings being formed ^ into which a secondary heat-dissipating fin material is inserted _s the 'transferring heat to the outer walls of the tubes or derived from this / wherein a heat exchange between the inner and the outer Wärmeübertragungsmediuni with the large degree of efficiency "success t _s

r a _s Wärmeaustausehe of as a radiator for motor vehicles ^ as a condenser in cooling systems. _{ΰ can be used} as an evaporator and the like ^, works highly efficiently t _{s has} a compact structure and is economical to manufacture _P as well as a new method for manufacturing a heat exchanger ₉ that requires a minimum number of process steps, and that the manufacture of a unitary heat exchanger with a large Number of heat exchange channels or tubes allows

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The invention will now be described in detail.

In the accompanying drawings the

Fig. 1 is a side view of an embodiment of the finished heat exchanger according to the invention,

Pig. 2 shows a representation of some process steps in production of the heat exchanger according to FIG. 1,

Fig. 3 is a section along the line 3-3 in Fig. 2,

FIG. 4 shows a representation similar to FIG. 3, showing an intermediate stage the manufacture shows

FIG. 5 shows a representation similar to FIG. 4, which is shown in larger dimensions Scale shows a further stage in the manufacture of the heat exchanger,

6 shows an enlarged section along the line 6-6 in FIG. .

FIG. 7 shows an enlarged section along line 7-7 in FIG. 1, and FIG

8 shows an illustration of another embodiment of the invention,

1 shows, as an embodiment of the invention, a heat exchanger designated as a whole by 10. The initial stage in the manufacture of this heat exchanger is described in detail in the above-mentioned US Pat. No. 2,690,002, while FIGS. 2 , 3 and 4 show further process steps in the manufacture of the heat exchanger 10.

It can be seen from FIG. 2 that the heat exchanger 10 initially consists of a plurality of metal sheets 12 and 14 placed on top of one another is made. On the sheet 12 is a proof of association " sen preventive material 16 applied according to a pattern that corresponds to the tubular channels or passages in the finished object and which has two parallel bands 18 ^ and 20, the one on two opposite edges at a distance from these. nes stack of sheets 12 and 14 are arranged. The two tapes IS and 20 are connected by a number of bands 22 of the Schwelsshin-

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different material connected to each other, between which bands the parallel islands or districts 24 free of said material are located. How easy it is to see the bands l8 and 20 speak of the antiperspirant material the distributor heads of the finished article, while the ribbon. of 22 correspond to the connecting channels or passages. In order to create inlets and outlets for the transmission medium, sine the bands 18 and 20 extended to an edge of the sheet metal 12, as shown at 26. It can also be seen from FIG. 1 that an edge part of the metal sheet 12 is longitudinally opposite Pages transverse to the aforementioned opposite sides, which were left free of the antiperspirant material 16, of a peripheral edge region 28 is surrounded with the exception of the two strips 26, which run to one of the transverse edges, where the openings for connection to an external source of a heat transfer medium are to be located later.

The two superimposed sheets 12 and 14 with the between. see these welding-preventing material 16 are briefly attached to each other, e.g. by means of clips or by spot welding or the like in order to prevent mutual displacement of the sheets 12 and 14. The order is then heated to the required temperature and passed through two press rollers, which are so strong on the stack of sheets Apply pressure that the sheets 12 and 14 in the weld-i obstructing material 16 free areas into a one-piece; Sheet metal are firmly welded to each other. Here are the Sheets 12 and 14 are much thinner and stretched in the rolling direction as a result of the rolling, the previously dimensioned being correspondingly shorter Pattern of the antiperspirant material is stretched to a length that corresponds to the desired pattern of the tubular passages in the finished item. Fig. 4 shows as Cross-section of the combined sheet j50 with the unwelded Share 32 at this point of manufacture.

From Fig. 2 it can also be seen that in the from welding ^ - 909 & 19/0243

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Islands or districts 24 left exposed obstructing material, the slots 34 are provided, which extend over almost the entire length of these islands. A further slot 36 is provided in the transverse edge region, which is also free of the material preventing perspiration, the purpose of which will be explained later. The slots 34 and 36 can be produced in any production stage, either already with the individual sheets 12 and 14 or after the sheets have been put together after they have been attached to one another with welding-preventing material Vo applied between them, or after the aforementioned lisis rolling . This last-mentioned alternative should preferably be chosen so that the task of having to align the individual sheets 12 and 14 with the slots already made in these exactly with one another is eliminated, as well as the task of having to weld the adjacent seat-seat edges together again during hot rolling, if No welding obstacle material was provided between the edges. As, however, easy to see the article without difficulty can be adapted to any number of arrangements of the above-mentioned stages, a preliminary lim ι product obtained as ones shown, as a cross section in the Pig, ^4: represents.

The slots can also be produced in such a way that the plate is produced as a preliminary product according to FIG. 4, but still without slots, after which the plate is hot rolled. According to this, the parts that are not united with one another become | Vierden the plate that j of the districts of the welding hindering Materi- as formed is \ inflated, as described later. After that, the inflated plate is combined by means of a. Shear and turning tool, which cuts through the metal to form the slots and at the same time rotates the inflated passages.

After pressure welding, the unworn areas 26, which extend towards the transverse edge of the assembled sheet 30

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fen ¹ , opened mechanically by forcing it apart, and a nozzle is inserted into these openings, which is connected to an external source ^! one of the • original information is connected. A pressure medium is pumped into the unwelded areas formed by the welding-preventing material 16, which presses the sheets 12 and 14 over these ■! Expanding, creating the system of internal passages. This expansion can either take place without external constriction, whereby passages with rounded walls are created, or the expansion is preferably carried out in such a way that the composite plate 30 is placed either flat or shaped between suitable compression molds or pressing plates, thereby limiting the size , in which the walls of the passages can expand outwards, whereby a tubular passage with a generally rectangular cross-section is produced, as shown in FIG. 5. Of the. The heat exchanger now consists of the flat composite sheet 30 having a pattern of expanded tubular passages that correspond to the original pattern of the anti-invasive material 16, with the bands 18 and 20 forming the header 40 and 42.

According to FIG. 1, the heat exchanger XO consists of the general rectangular composite plate 30 with the parallel

■ spaced inner distributor heads 40 and 42 and with the elongated tubular passages 38 ° The distributor heads 40 and 42 end at one edge of the sheet 30 in the inlet and outlet openings 44 and 46 _S to which the pipelines 48 and 50 are connected are 'connecting the heat exchanger to a source of internal heat transfer medium.

. As further from Figure 1 and can be seen even better from Figure "6, the tubular passages have been rotated out of the normal I Ehene of the sheet 30 38 _s so that the greatest i dimension of the cross section of the passages 38 perpendicular to the; normal plane of the sheet 30 is »This position, the pipe; '' shaped passages can be created by any suitable means.

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and extends for substantially the entire length of the slots 34 with which the bleoh 30 was previously provided. As already mentioned, the slot can be produced at the same time as the tubular passages are rotated using a combination tool. In the finished product, the individual passages 38 assume a position in which the outer wall surfaces 52 face one another at a distance, whereby relatively wide and elongated soles or openings 54 are formed through which an external heat transfer medium can flow essentially unhindered. The connection between the distributor heads 40 and 42 and the passages 38 connecting them to one another is maintained through the "interior of the passages 38" via the transition parts 56 of the passages 38 between the distributor heads 40 and 42 and the remaining parts of the passages 38 It is of course desirable to keep these transition parts 5β as short as possible within the framework of the properties of the metal, in order to be able to dimension the openings 54 as long as possible so that the air flow is as little as possible is obstructed, and to sohaffen the greatest possible space for the secondary heat dissipation fins.

During the twisting of the passages, these transition parts 5β can be allowed to compress, which in the weakened state are again inflated during the later soldering work, as will be explained later. On the other hand, in some cases it may be desirable to insert a comb-like tool into the manifold heads 40 and 42, the pins or teeth of which penetrate the passages which are then rotated around the pins or teeth, thereby preventing compression. ·

It is pointed out that in connection with the production of the slots 34 and 36 there is the possibility of rotating the passages 38 out of the normal plane of the assembled plate 30 before or after the blooming or also

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to be carried out at the same time as this work. The twisting of the passages after inflating the prefabricated plate 30 has the advantage of avoiding the difficulties associated with inserting the plate 30 between the aforementioned mold plates when the passages 38 are out of the plane of the remaining part of the plate 30 have already been unscrewed at right angles. If the slitting and twisting takes place after the expansion, the difficulty of having to determine the location [of the islands 2h on the plate at which the slits are to be made] is eliminated.

Are • matter carried in the order of the above work I, after the tubular passages completed and the connecting passages have been rotated to the desired position 38, the secondary Wärmeablei- ¹ can tung rib 58, which consist of a narrow ribbed or corrugated fin material , inserted into the elongated intermediate spaces or openings between the opposing sides 52 of the passages 38 and fixed there by conventional means, for example by plague soldering and the like. It is also possible to insert the ribs before the passages are fully inflated, so that they easily fall into the use parts, after which further pressure is exerted during the soldering in order to reliably establish intimate contact between the ribs and the passages . In one embodiment, this fin material can be made by bending strips of a highly thermally conductive metal into a corrugated or serpentine shape. As can be seen from Fig. 6, j the welded together parts of the sheets 12 and 14 after the bending of the passages 38, soft parts were previously formed by the islands 24 free of the material, now the oppositely directed flanges 60, so that the opposite sides 52 of the passages 38 are left smooth and free of obstructing protrusions. It is, therefore, a comparatively simple matter to remove the strips of the rip ^ -

penmateriala 58 in-the point of use between adjacent To insert passages and to merge with them later,

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As described above. In addition, the splashes 60 increase the Rigidity of the heat exchanger and also reinforce the front one Edge of the passageways, thereby reducing the risk of damage from stones or other foreign objects falling on can impact the radiator of a motor vehicle head-on. The flanges also provide an additional function for heat transfer Mass.

To attach the outermost rows of the rib material 62 and 64 to the use parts, the outer retaining strips 66 and 68 can be provided in such a way that, beyond the pattern of the soot-preventing material 16, the two outermost slits 36 (Fig. 1) can be produced. During hot rolling, a strip of metal sheets 12 and 14 is therefore connected to one another between the furthest outward slots 36 and the adjacent slots 3 ^, which when twisting, like the passages 38, forms the outer retaining strips 66 and 68.

In the manufacture of motor vehicle radiators and the like can Several semi-finished panels 30 are put together side by side in this way sets that the passages and the elongated spaces between these are aligned with the corresponding passages and openings of the adjacent plates, or the Passages of one plate can overlap the passages of adjacent plates, with the secondary Rxppenmaterial in front of the Assembling multiple panels inserted into each individual panel will. On the other hand, there is still the option of placing the panels side by side before inserting the secondary rib material Assemble in such a way that the openings of one plate face up the openings of the other plate (s) are aligned. After that A rib material can be inserted into the openings between the passages can be used, which extends through all plates.

From the description above, various designs can be derived shape of the heat exchangera and. other manufacturing processes

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be derived. Such a derivation is shown in FIG. 8, at the purpose of which is to create a smaller distance between the passages connecting the distributor heads, thereby reducing the space occupied by a given input; that is, with a predetermined heat exchange capacity with or without the secondary rib material is needed. In the manufacture of this embodiment, initially between the passages a distance of approximately 38 mm from center to center ; seen * after which the passages as in the case of the one previously described Embodiment are twisted. After that, the distribution! heads pressed together between the outlets as with bellows' like flexible metal pipes, etc. Here, are'an the distributor heads creates the waves with the mountains and valleys 70, 72, as shown in FIG. The passages, which were originally 38 mm apart from center to center, become at a distance of 9. " 5mm to 12.7mm or another approximated predetermined distance, after which the secondary fin material can be inserted between the passages, if j this is desired as described above. This would strengthen the distributor heads a little * with the same wall thickness would have like the passages.

In some cases it may be desirable to have a heat exchanger produce according to the invention, in which the distributor heads a

j have a different wall thickness than the passages. To this end ^ two different procedures can be followed. After the one

In the process, the heat exchanger is essentially produced in this way. As described above; however, prior to the onset of the secondary rib material at the point of use between the passages inserted these constricting metal rods, whereby a considerable pressure is exerted on the entire unit in a direction perpendicular to the broad side of the passages. This Pressure causes the metal to heat up, with the result that the Width of the passages increased from e.g. 12.7 mm to e.g. 38 mm! will. At the same time, the wall thickness increases from e.g. 0.75 mm to 0.25 mm-j reduced. After applying the pressure and after upsetting j of the metal Are the bars removed and replaced by other Ab-, -j

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Stand bars are replaced, after which the passages to the desired. Height to be bloated. At this point, the secondary fin material can be inserted between the passages, if desired.

As can be easily seen, this process uses a heat exchanger produced essentially the same as that shown in FIG. 1, the distributor heads of which have a different wall thickness than the passages, namely the wall thickness of the Distribution heads approximately * three times the wall thickness of the outlets. Accordingly, a larger contact surface between the passages and the external heat exchange medium is required for the heat transfer achieved, while at the same time the distributor head parts of the device a greater rigidity and a stronger Support of the passages located between these is given.

Another way to achieve essentially the same result is while rolling in manufacture of the unexpanded plate to provide a stepped roller which Roll the passages down from a diameter of about 0.75 wim to about 0.25 mm before twisting. This method leads to a passage with a reduced caliber, while the distributor heads are given a thick wall. It will, however pointed out that with this method the area of the plate between the distributor heads is three times the area a corresponding plate is extended, which is rolled without the use of a stepped roller, so that the finished Heat exchanger three times the length of a after manufactured using the method described. After rolling, the passages are slit, twisted and inflated, after which, if desired, the secondary rib material between the passages is used.

Another possibility is to combine these processes with each other , whereby in this case the same production

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nis is produced, the distributor heads have a different wall thickness than the passages. ...'.- ■

It should be noted that with any of the above Execution forms and with different manufacturing process as large a cooling capacity as required can be made by having the heat exchange units too several can be arranged so that the distributor heads of the different Units can be connected and connected in parallel with each other.

■!

From the above. Description and the accompanying drawing gen shows that a heat exchanger and a manufacturing ' procedure was created that provides a solution to the above-mentioned Represents tasks. On the described embodiments of the invention, experts can without deviating from Invention changes, modifications and replacements are made. The invention is therefore only defined by the enclosed Claims delimited.

• Claims

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Claims (1)

Pa ten tana sayings: 1. Method of making a heat exchanger from a two collapsed flat metal sheets joined by pressure welding plate, with collapsed between the two Sheet metal a pattern of a welding preventing Material is provided which comprises two parallel, spaced apart bands which are in the vicinity of opposite one another Edges of the composite panel are located and stretching up to a transverse edge of said plate and a number of parallel with a small distance from each other to the said transverse edge running bands, which unite at the opposite ends with the said two bands gen, wherein said two bands and said number of bands form islands that are separated from said welding obstacle the material are free, characterized in that (A) the composite plate in one to the, a small Distance from one another having strips is press-rolled in a parallel direction, with a union of the collapsed Sheet metal is made with the exception of the areas of the pattern from the welding-preventing material, and being a different one Reduction of the thickness of the composite plate between the of the specified number of bands of the anti-perspiration mate rials and the intermediate part formed by the islands free of them 909819/024 3 '■ · ■ "- i6 -.-- ■■■ -Ό: 3.18 and the remaining outer parts of the composite ] plate is effected in such a way that the thickness of the intermediate part is reduced more than the outer parts that (B) the composite panel in the white-faced hoodies. Material-free islands over most of their length is slotted, being in the composite Plate individual strips are generated that (C) said strips over most of their length be rotated away by about 90 °, so that the elongated part of the strip between said end parts offset out of the normal plane 'of the composite panel is, wherein elongated openings are created between the opposing surfaces of the strips, and that (D) within the composite plate - a system of internal ones Passages is created, which corresponds to the pattern of the welding preventing the material, in such a way that with the help of a By means of pressure, the areas of the composite panel covered with the anti-seizure material are inflated. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in [said openings between the opposite ones Surfaces a corrugated strip of a secondary heat exchange, Rippenmaterlals used and attached to the surfaces mentioned will. . J>. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the parts of the iT located near said two spaced-apart strips of the anti-white material and surrounding them are pressed together in the manner of a corrugated tube, the spacing of the said strips being reduced from center to center. 4. The heat exchanger of the parallel a substantially flat, planar to-\ sammengesetzte Metallbleeheinheit with two opposite and standing at a distance having edge portions, the tubular with internal passages between stationary at a distance . - 9098 19/02 Λ 3 - 17.- ■ O 318 Parts of the thickness of said plate are provided, which passages extend up to an edge of said plate and form inlets and outlets for a fluid, characterized by a number of individual strips of said unit connecting said edge parts to one another, wherein a Elongated part of all strips has a substantially rectangular cross-section, the largest dimension of which lies in a plane running substantially perpendicular to the plane of said unit, which elongated part continues at each end in a curved transition part through which said strips with the edge parts of the called unit are connected in such a way that the strips run parallel to one another at a distance over the elongated part in such a way that their flat outer sides face one another and form elongated openings, which strips have a tubular passage on the inside, which between the n spaced parts of the thickness of the strips is located, which strips in the united as well as in the spaced parts have a wall thickness which is significantly smaller than the wall thickness of the corresponding parts of the remaining part of the heat exchanger, which passages with said passages in the edge portions are in communication and for circulation of a WärmeÜbertragungsmitteis.durch which an _S standardized form a continuous flow path. ^Br * 909819/0243 ORIGINAL