DE1435114A1 - Process for producing a nonwoven fabric - Google Patents

Description

Method for producing a nonwoven fabric

This invention relates to a method for producing fiber » nonwovens bound by synthetic organic polymer binders and crimped synthetic organic Contain fibers and / or threads.

Nonwovens containing crimped fibers and / or filaments can be produced in two ways;

1) One starts with fibers and / or threads that are curled up

2) The crimp is developed in situ, ie one starts with uncrimped fibers and / or threads and crimps the faeera or threads in the fleece bandage.

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for example, cannot be used to manufacture women's clothes, Suits, costumes, coats, sweaters and the like can be used.

The purpose of the invention is now to manufacture nonwovens made of synthetic organic fibers and or Fs " those which are superior to the known products with regard to the desired properties, such as good tensile strength, ice resistance, flexibility, softness and density or viscosity. The production of these new nonwovens should be quick and easy.

The invention is based on the knowledge that the bond of the fibers and / or threads in a fleece with the aid of a binding agent increases the strength of the Ywoven and that a fleece is made crimped fibers and / or threads is more pliable or voluminous than a fleece made of non-crimped fibers or » Threads.

The following problem arises: A nonwoven fabric made of crimped, synthetic, organic fibers and / or threads and a synthetic organic binder is to be created which, through the selection of the Meng® of the binder, has such a high tensile strength strength, tear strength and / or density and by crimping of the fibers or threads such a good drapability »snug» softness and / or ¥ oluminosity that he

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made of a fleece made of synthetic organic Faeesm and / or threads or mixtures thereof »in which a total organic, polymeric binder is dispersed i & rfc _D <tim flies * dees *» fibers or threads zn at least SO ν - & ® There are g such fibers or threads "which at % vh ± tmn " move 5 minutes to 30 ° C above their freezing temperature. " at least 3 $ spontaneously auedehnen, and 3 to 50 §ew »$ binder" begogem on the total weight of nonwoven plus binder eiitMlt, "mr Auedehnung the fibers and / or filaments by at least 3 Jt ISND sum Tersöhmelsen heated the binder, wherein the fleece is held in such a way that it is prevented from growing along its surface by more than $ 5 in length «

The synthetic, organic, polymeric fibers or threads are preferably polyester fibers or threads and preferably threads made of polyethylene terephthalate. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the binding agent is in the form of polyester threads, the softening point of which is at least 20 ° below the temperature at which the lowest melting non-binding agent fibers or "threads soften" * The binding agent preferably has a tensile strength modulus between 0.002 and 25 gpd » if the measurement is made in film form. If the binder is in the form of glue, the binder should have an initial tensile modulus of less than

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• The initial module of tensile strength is the aural stress at 100 * elongation and is based on extrapolation of the first straight section of the stress-strain curve »By tensile strength»

The initial module is as follows

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Aue of the binder, the modulus of which measured 711m cast or a Fa & em $ β® besiehungeweiae the fadm la (usually 100 Ji). Am RegistriergerM elongation »curve. The inclination uea first curve as a module angsesfe ^ a ^ The Ssi ^ ird by extrapolating d ^ s 8pannungB ~ curve on tOO ^ i ^ ·? 'lOO ^ iger elongation on the -a ^^ ff value by the weight of the f-sxtllaat ^ rials test method let in ASTM firmly D-885-64

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Spontaneously stretchable fibers are ^{open in the 1} SeIgIadien 1? & T © ntscßrift 566 145 (issued on September 27, 195Ö) Synthetic organic fibers b ^ sw «threads» which are specified spontaneously under conditions up to 30 56 or m & hr detasn may Kings' new s. B. from polyesters "how? olyäth ^ -ie% te? ephth & lat _f PoIyhexahydro-p-xylylenterephtisalat and SJ & jilAsfeaa fölynerem '' the ahn by ümBetaung of terephthalic acid slt MUF Isagl ^ FEOL or" borrowed olympics are created _# are produced ©?! «· Ämeli. Polyamides

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The path wild for stretching the fibers or « ΈΜφμ mü mum eohmelzen des Bindeoittele with" the f & mtn hm · fääei m Kreu2uageetellea got * Bebe! r @ QtariXSoih «increasing. The expansion should be so far as" wevdenf isss a more than five-fold linear wax "that fiber ^ Lieeetoffee * in ■ any sighting is prevented · This is caused by torsnigeweire» that the dry track swinstai swet Sittern or similar perforated structures wtei. In the event of freshness, the fibers or, in some cases, expand slightly. in the direction of the thickness of the non-woven fabric «woaräräb daft RiAprodtuet au-

Sätssliches VoIutoh and a textile slmliciiQ " ®s ± Clamping can also be done by other means such as flat or curved surfaces" a? fsfefSmt «and a grid, as well as 4urelx andsre im. d ^ r · »

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gas treatment work _? Wmm wnseät _s tmm & -sam i # m ^ non-woven fabric using. BrahtglttsrsL im. «Te? Gtstiammtes Art sin «Seaaattextur granted and 43m

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Approach are made * of at least 25 $ of fibrids binder which is made of an elastomeric polymer, and at least 50 f> spontaneously ausdehnbar® a *! ! fceexnftterlal8 <t that has an elongation of at least 10 # «

Other valuable embodiments according to the invention are pable and flexible, but somewhat more curled and stronger nonwovens, which are made from approaches sdnS »di # at least 15 $ of a spontaneously extensible fiber with a spontaneous extensibility of at least 10 pounds, and at least 3 and not more than 15 Weight * of a fibrid binder based on an aesthetic polyester

Cushions according to the invention can be "grounded" by forming a non-woven fiber fleece from self-expandable thread or synthetic material of the type covered above. 4 expands the fibers or threads between the binding sites by applying heat. ! The Ausdelinungs- uni Biniung @ behamiimng can take place in a form * that the fleece fills the di® Jtesa when heated. One can work with a binding agent @ E ₉ ias-b @ i the temperature of the expansion stage to heat amessrI ^ Sit * so that when heated and cooled in a mold, the structure assumes the shape of this form «

BATH ORIGINAL 809803/0318

. . ------ Due to its tendency to expand when heated, ~. <2

.- ^ this ■ "fibrous.-. Good in" dem- "finished products," a sinuous _β . 7§ V; · - "non-linear arrangement that gives flexibility, voluminosity-and-"'• ■ •.-Rückrallslastisität * The TFrs & ehe for di® Brnöliuag. the ¥ © ~ "

-, --Xuminosity; of the fleece -during the shaping and thus you He = .--- '

; sielung the desired bulkiness and low. The density of the "from ·» "."'-"stretched" formed structure lies in the length of the · dies-sr'fibers; bsswo Y'aden- .between bound crossing points. Further, under this conditions sshmilst _t the wänaeaktivisrte 3i in --Berührung with the hot Forstf laugh, wherein a © Eaut is g@bi.Idst on & ®n structure. Door Every given Wäraeaeng® sr = follows-understandably in thinner files of the structure © in ©. "proportionally stronger © fusion or binding than in thicker '"

! hurry o Regardless of whether the structure is sias-yawned in a form or free '"..yin" of a heated atmosphere, should · however in the. ■. - r '-' deB.JBndgebildes vorsugswsise- in the applied stretching

;;. v ^! -i | e ^. ^ leiben. 'The-binder preferably contains fibrids in' .- .. ^ s of. not m®hx as. 25 G®w ^, based on the finished product

Non-woven fabric »'- Typical for © insr _? beyorstigtea

i: _- fgeaäss. _::. Of the invention '{How-.- in Fig. .VI .. shown) are di © .Ränder - ^ vBody ^ rs; sus®psa © ag @ presses, rmä .with each other * fused, "wäte @ nd di © ^: fl- ^; i ^ itMttef of the 'body - an extended Structure ..higher'Blt ^^ ift ^^ '^

- can thus be easily "pressed together, & b @ T aot pr1" ,.

: M.r.r4eic.äden., ExtendedW Susta.iid ^ finni.sffit «" Of course- can .., iür _._ Tbestiana-

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au dt η bands) by melting together for remaining in the

be kept pressed. The invention also includes » the other item®, which has some internal parts, in total at least about $ 10 of the tree content of the item, remaining are pressed and have a higher density, while dar outer area merge and seal, but not pressed together is"

The 2s®i83smang @ n serve for further explanation and better

Yarsttateis dsr invention »

Fig. I shows a simple explanation © Ines Seils of a nonwoven fabric, which is bound at points of intersection, before the threads _{9 are} stretched.

FIG. II shows a simple explanation of a tail of a fiber fleece · = material, which is bound at points of intersection, after the expansion the threads,

III shows a cross section of part of a fiber nonwoven fabric, in which a large number of threads are tied at crossing points, before the expansion of the threads,

17 shows a cross section of a part of a nonwoven fabric in which a plurality of threads are bound at Kxeuzunga points, after the threads have expanded;

Fig. V. is a plan view of a part of a nonwoven fabric, which is bonded to a plurality of thread frizz points, after the threading of the threads, wherein the nonwoven fabric exerts from a thin skin

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molten fibrids covered,

Pig »VI a cross-section through a shoulder pad for clothing, manufactured according to the invention, Pig. VIl a micrograph of a section of the structure Example 6 before the thread expansion,

Pig. VIII a photomicrograph of a section of the structure Example 6, from the height of the surface of the structure, wherein both unbound and bound, extended threads are recognizable, and

Fig. IX is a photomicrograph showing in ₉ © ingalmeit ii © l & tur the FibriaensehmelzMndung shown in FIG _o VIII. '' -.

The 'structure according to "the invention employ au © filamentary ma-" TERIAL, wi® fasera 1 (FIG _o I), formed ias statistically disordered 9 go' Bo. .Form in a Eel @ TIT thick Tlieses present at UNAE numerous thread knitting points by means of a binding agent, such as the fibriia at 2, is tied in FIG _e II at 3 · -geseigt - -.

Fig, III shows a fleece of a thread-like material 1, which not extensive and at a.multiple ... of intersection points is bound by tufts of fibrids 2. "

7ig *. 'XV-seigt. The same structure after the Auffäalmuttg'der

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Q-504-X / 578

between the crosshair points. This increase in length between the bound * points result in an expansion in the structure » pressure, whereby the structure experiences a reduction in visibility due to the increase in size.

Pig. V explains a preferred embodiment in which the Binder is sensitive to heat at the temperature at which the filamentary material is expanded. Melting this heat-activatable material on the surface of the structure which the heat intensity is the strongest, leads to the formation of a thin skin of molten fibrids, whereby the finished structure has a smooth surface.

Fig. YI illustrates a shoulder pad for clothes. This structure is made in a form in which the the original fleece expands when the threads are stretched, and its cross-section, which tapers at the edges, results in a graduated density, with the compressed sections being reduced by the melting of the binder at these points Thicknesses at which the heat intensity and pressure are at their greatest are held in place. If desired, this melting can also lead to the formation of thin skins of fused fibers.

Figs. VIl, VIII and IX are photomicrographs of a according to the Process according to Example 6 produced structure.

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Determining drapability and drapability are known means of comparing fabrics. These terms are defined in one one in the United States Patent 3,117,055 · -.

The voluminosity of a textile is determined by a square piece of the material of uniform thickness cuts out its © dimensions * including its thickness,

measures and then calculates its volume. "The thickness of the sample is measured using a conventional thickness meter for T @ x ~ tilien, such as an Ames measuring device (manufacturer is the B .. Co Ames Company ₉ Waltham, Massachusetts, V.St.A. .} The sample is then weighed and the volurosity is expressed as volume / weight.

Tensile strength is determined using an Instron tester in a conventional manner on a 2.54 end strip of the nonwoven fabric. For purposes of this invention, the tensile strength at room temperature and at a relative humidity of the environment is of 65 # determines ₀ The ratio of the tensile strength of a fabric Stoffee iu its drape stiffness is a valuable means for comparing the non-woven fabrics according to the invention with conventional fabrics, FiIssen and papers . .

809803 / 03.18

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example 1

A dispersion of a polymeric acrylic acid ester elastomer * das 92 5 $ acrylic acid ethyl ester, 6 jG aoryl acid methyl ester and 2 jG acrylic contains acid, of a solids content of $ 46, will follow « transformed into * highly resistant fibrids}

To an amount of the dispersion which contains 100 parts of elastomer, 5 parts of a monomeric bis-glyeidylether of diphenylolpropane with an epoxy equivalent of 175 to 210 (the diepoxy resin ¹¹ BpOn 828 "from Shell Chemical Corporation) and 5 parts of butylated melamine-formaldehyde are added Resin (containing 1 part of melamine to 4 to 5 parts of formaldehyde, "Uforsnite MM" 46 ^lf from Rohm and Haas Company) and 3 parts of titanium and ioscyd pigment.

The mixed material is converted into fibrids by feeding bars onto a Waring-type mixer, the one 5% solution of sodium sulphate in hot water (75 ° C) next to 0.01 Ji of an organic quaternary ammonium salt as a wetting agent contains. The mixer is operated at full speed during the addition. The fibrids obtained are in the Form of the resulting slurry used.

The staple fibers used are 6.4 mm long, have a fiber titer of 5 denier and are based on the Belgian method

BATH ORIGINAL

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Patent 556 145 produced. When in Immersed in boiling water show a spontaneous one Elongation of $ 10

As in Example 2, insulation is made from 3 parts of the fibers mentioned above with 2 parts of librids in 10,000 parts of water and a sheet is deposited. The sheet is removed from the sieve, placed between Bauuwolltueh and a sieve with a sieve opening of 1.7 mm and dried at 120 ° C. for 3 minutes. The dried sheet is then brought between sieves with a sieve opening of 0.3 mm uaA ämvdh ί Mim. Pressing at 205 ° 0 and 1491 kg / bound on the bridge. The sheet is then further hardened, indeat man @s 5 Hin. Exposed to air at 165 ° C, and then washed vm.g before the test, «with drum tr © cknet. The fabric obtained has a tensile strength of ₅ 35 g / den, a drape stiffness of 19 t 1 IBM and a tensile strength (wet) of 0.26 g / den. The fabric retains its strength well if chemical cleaning solvents are allowed to take effect. Bringing gives a fabric that is similar in texture to Öxt ord, has an excellent degree of whiteness and retains it well when washed, has a medium porosity and a good handle.

During curing tamd embossing may be the planar sheet, if desired, give a three-dimensional shape.

Coapomaiized isstomereB ^ ßemisoSi kmm even without conversion into

8 0 9803/0 3 18

Q-504-X / 578, ■ '

Fibrids can be used as binders.

The elastomer mixture can be used with an equal volume of one 5 # aqueous sodium sulfate solution diluted and from a Immersion bath can be applied.

The following resins in particular can be deformed into fibrids and be used as a binder

Table I.

Composition of the elastomeric misoh polymer resin

33 # butadiene 67% styrene

40 $ * butadiene 60 # styrene

56 # butadiene 44 i> styrene

33 i> butadiene

29 # styrene

38 i aoryl nitrile

Mixed polymer based on ethyl acrylate (1)

Example 2

A · fiber suspension is produced, indea »in 10,000 (E» U · Water with 3 parts of the self-expanding polyester fiber agas

Example 1 (stack length 6.4 na · Paeertiter 3 de ») combined and

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Grtfaälioh mixed with a 5 # solution of polyethylene oxide-ether-fatty alcohol as a surface-active agent ("Alkanol HO"). 55) added that 2 parts of fibrids are obtained in suspension form. These fibrids dilute as follows: 5 parts of finely divided butil-titanium dioxide (Pigaentsort), 5 parts of ginkoxide and 2 parts of an antioxidant ("Antioxidant425 ^w ^ BT American Cyanamid) as a compoiming agent are mixed with 12 parts Waeser au a dispersion of 50 i * solids content recognized Dies® dispersion is added to 100 parts of the Hieoh "- polymer in an aqueous dispersion of 56 f £ Feet matter content hinsugesttsst" from this, koapoundierten lars dispersion NaOH i © r '' Tsohnik the BcherkraftauBflllung and coagulation fibrids produced « The coagulation system is a solution of 400 parts of water, contained ltend 0 * 31 parts aluminum sulfate (Al ₂ (SO ^) -. 16H ₂ O) _t 0 _t 3t part® Schwefelsäur® πηύ tine small Henge of an organic surface-active agent (letmittel "Triton Ι ~ 100 ^Η ) * M & n lets a mixer ^ tssrt Wariag run at low speed and the l & mge @ iä gertihrten system leads the dispersion of the compounded copolymer in a fine,

a steady stream in sufficient quantity to produce a

'■. ■ · ■
2 1/2 YoIJt. the amount equivalent to the coagulating solution is obtained. Well

Susate of the gashed dispersion is the syetem a further 2 MjLn. ge » stirs to allow the binder particles to coagulate thoroughly and avoid agglomeration. The polymer is thereby

so as

Q-504-X / 578

obtained in fora a fibrid slurry suitable for the suitable for direct use in the deposition of a sheet.

This suspension is then poured into the top container of a sheet of paper and a sheet is deposited on a sieve with a sieve opening of 0.15 mm by 20.3 * 20.3 cm. Excess water is squeezed off while the leaf, still on the sieve, is placed between absorbent cloths and rolled with a steel pin. The leaf is then removed from the sieve and placed between sieves with a sieve opening of 0.5 mm, which in turn are placed between Bring paper mache tablets and put in a press 10 Hin. dries at 150 ° C and 6.7 kg / cm pressure. "After this pressing, the non-woven sheet has the form of a * fabric, which has a fabric texture due to the impression of the sieves" that were in contact with it during the pressing. The sheet is on its physical

Properties tested, giving a tensile strength of 0.18 g / den

2 "'

and has a tear strength of 13.5 g de g / m 2. the piercing stiffness is 20.21 mm. If you have this sheet in a Washes synthetic detergent and then dries it at 80 ° C the strength to a tensile strength of 0.43 g / den and next «

»Ν * increased tear strength of 15.5 g per g / m, while the draping

£ * · ■ stiffness decreases slightly to 18.34 mm.

Paser wovens produced in this way are suitable for clothing purposes. Sin nonwoven fabric with a square meter weight of 85 g, which is separated from water

809803/0318 ■

Q-504-X / 578. ■: ■ 7 ■■■; ■

Sheet has been produced on a Fourdrinier machine, is placed between sieves with a sieve opening of 0.25 naa, which are fixed on stainless steel plates, placed between the plates of a press and heated to HO ⁰ C and 9 for 5 minutes , 49 kg / cm ² pressure held »Bas Pressgut has a clear weave pattern that is similar to that of Oxford cloth«. This material, which is easy to sew, is used to make dress skirts.

As above, but using sieves with a sieve opening of 0.5 mm instead of sieves with a 0 ± n®w opening of 0.25 mm, a second nonwoven fabric weighing 153 g square meter is produced. This nonwoven fabric is embossed in the same way as above and then dyed with a yellow-brown dispersion dye. ®iae Windjaek® and © ine ■ trousers are made from this jacket.

A third non-woven fabric of 186 g Quadratmetergewieht is prepared and the like <subjected to the screen printing without prior embossing * The printed fabric is then cut into pieces © rad mm ₉ T between sieves with a sieve opening of about O, the on plates of _t stainless Stahl.befestigt are embossed in a press for 5 minutes at 140 ° 0 and 9 _f 49 kg / cm pressure. The gepresst® fabric is boiled in an aqueous solution of a synthetic detergent, dried, lightly brushed, sheared and given a semi-decorative finish.

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In general, calibration shows that all of these nonwovens are in the entire wide square meter weight area in the displayed In the same way that woolen fabrics can be handled in normal testile treatments «·.

Example 5

Table II illustrates the advantages of the present invention and compares the obtained nonwoven fabrics with other nonwoven fabrics and also with conventional fabrics. Samples 4 and 11 of Table II indicate that pucker development by way of self-expansion after cream formation provides a superior product.

The following abbreviations are used in Table II! SA self-expanding.

° A "polyethylene terephthalate" fiber of Example 1

"C" polyamide fiber of Example 5

F fibrids

"B" fibrids made from an elastic

terpolymer based on ethyl acrylate (Example 2)

¹¹ D "fibrids according to example 4

ATP1 elastomer according to Example 2 was added as a dispersion in water (not in fluid form)

ATP2 elastomer, added as a solution »obtained

by adding an equal volume of acetone to the dispersion ATΪ1

"A1" Modified fiber "Α" obtained duroh expansion of the same in voluminous form before Insert, whereby a crimped staple fiber with no spontaneous residual extensibility is obtained.

8098 03/0318 ~ ²⁵ "« AD ORIGINAL

Tabel

II

Comparison of fabrics with non-woven fabrics according to the invention Sample type of fabric Composition square thickness, density, tension »Dra- Zug = · Procurement-

meter «mm g / cm3 firm = - pier = firmness weight, . ity stiff ·? ity

g g / den fig- / dra =

; ability, pier »

mm equality,

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00

OO
CD
CD
OO I

CD-CO

1 2

3 4th

^6th

Γ "

Cotton width- $ 100> tree "=

fabric, .. · "wool fabric

Cotton body $ 100> tree

'- _λ , wool fabric

Wool flannel 100 i » WoIl =

... tissue

not woven, $ 60> SA ⁿ A "

fibridenge = 40 # P "B" ~ bound

not woven, 60 # SA ¹¹ A "

fibrid 40 $> P "B" bound

not woven, $ 60> SA ¹¹ C "

fibrid-bound 40 $ P ⁿ B "

not woven, 95 i ° SA ¹¹ A "

fibrid-bound 5% P "D" the

not woven,

fibrid

bound

not woven, Resin Geounden

60 $ SA "A" 40 ί> ΑΤΡ1

0.254 0.59 0.74

0.533 0.63 0.59

0.864 0.37 0.21

0.356 0.40 0.32

0.432 0.53 0.36

23.1 4ρ 13 Typical tissue

23, & 7.25 Typical « Tissue '.

15 »7 3.62 Typical tissue

19.1 1.99 fabrics. Very similar; good coverage

24.6 2 »82 is like tissue

0.330 0.42 0.25 19.1 1.56 is like tissue

■ 8

SA ¹¹ A "ATP2 0.483 0.28 0.20

0.356 0.41 0.39

. 0.356 0.41 0.34

24.6 0.970 lies between tissues and Mushrooms

20.3 2.34 more porous than fi « Bridge-bonded fabric has good properties

20.3 2.04 "light weave

sample

10

11

12th

14 15

16 17

Φ from hurry II (continued)

of fabrics with non-woven fabrics according to the invention or

Composition Square, Thickness, Sights, Zug- Dra- Zug «Procuring-ι

meter- mm g / cm3 fixed- pier- feet- height <ί,

weight,, stiffness ^

g g / den fig * / Dra- »

stiffness, piermm stiffness,

Wool felt of the trade

not woven, fibridenge bound

not woven, fibridenge bound

not woven, fibridenge bound

100 * wool fiber

60 # SA "A1 ^M 40 $> P" B "

$ 60 >. ⁿ Dacron ^M staple fiber 40 % P "B"

$ 60> ruffled. "Dacrdn" 40 # P ^H B ⁿ 186 0.991 0.18 0.44, 32.5 2.52 more typical

Felt; voluminous and stiff

112 0.279 0.47 0.24 29.0 0.93 paper-like;

too stiff

Commercial product, "Pellon 920" not woven (synthetic) Commercial product, "Chi copee ⁿ Lunicht woven etron" cloth

for decorative

Purposes

Commercial product, ^rt Pellon Polka ^ non-woven dot " Commercial product, "Keybok" the not woven Chiöopee Hills 119 0.241 0.58 0.30

112 0.254 0.52 0.26

88 0.660 0.16 0.20 78 0.254 0.36 0.41

39.6 0.90 papery; too stiff

36.8 0.79 papery; too stiff

41.6 0.422 e very stiff and voluminous

36.8 o ₉ '87 stiff and papery

92 0.279 0.38 0.39 67.3 0.53 e very stiff 88 0.305 0.34 0.19> 76.2 ^ o, 22 very stiff

40 rope bucket of 20% by weight solution of a copolyester consisting of 80% by weight of polyethylene terephthalate wheel 20 6@w.$ Polyäthylenisophthalat in dimethylformamide are made up in a steady stream of an eemiech.Toii 30 parts water and 370 parts of dimethylformamide in one at about 14,000 rpm. work = work at Sfisola®! ³ the Bmaar.t Waring is cooled to 5 ° C water. With "

aeslsatlösTOig su des ⁶ cold precipitating agents a solution w & Tü iss ΈοιΙ ^ μφτ®%, no precipitation parteiieSi'fe wiä w @ ^ © ia

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3/0318 " ^{28 =} " BAD ORIGINAL ·

Eineatz makes it suitable as an intermediate feed.

Using the same fibrids and fibers, but in different proportions, will be different. Flea-like structures produced. Be shows that if the amount of these "hard" (non-elastomeric) polyether fibrids is reduced to 2 # or less no binding effect sufficient to form a firm sheet is obtained.

Example 5

On the device according to Pig. I of British patent specification 932 482 (see German patent specification. .. »... (patent application P 26 218 VI1 / 18 h)) are flat structures made of polyethylene = terephthalate produced. The threads 1 spun from the spinneret 2 run in the manner shown in this figure over the rod guides 3 »4 and 5 and then a suction nozzle 6, which passes through the Inlet 7 is fed with compressed air. The suction nozzle 6 has a thread passage extension 8 which extends outwards at the end 9 ί extended (6 °). You triboelectrically charged threads 10, the separate when exiting the nozzle extension, are collected on the receiving member 11, an aluminum plate. They different parts lying on the downstream side of the spinneret 2 are grounded via lines 12. The important distances along the grain are:

BAD ORJi * '» ¹ - 29 - ·

80 9803/03 18

Q-504-X / 578

a κ 35.0 em

Ii «43» 2 em

© as 50.8 ob

d - 58.4 cm

e «approx» 10.2 cat

£ 'β 121.9 sis

g a 19 »1 em

h «3Of5 em

You Päüsn be air quenched _s ils 15.2 mageftihrt to below the Spinndüsesifläohe. Bit guide rods 3, 4 imft 5

are 2.5 % 2j5 si large, have changed @ te lenten and% ferden iron Öhrom (XXI) -OXJi · 'B-er It & rungsstab 4, i. h * di © work surface of the same, is offset against the run by 6.4 cm. the

is made of brass.

Operational
by
with 10
temperature,

Tieoosity Ό,

·. she

Spinneret, is

Results:

Air pressure
also atü

2.8
3.5
4.2
4-V9-

6.3

jab @ 1 1 e ΪΙΙ

stiffness

2.0

2.4

3.0

3 ₉ 5

3.5+

3.1

185
147
115
100
103
77.3

g / den

14.5 16.2 20.0 29.9 28.0

26.7

fiter, the

1.72

1.37

1.15

1.1

1.03

0.97

809803/0318

Q-504-X / 578

Flat structures made of threads of this type can be bound in the manner shown in the previous examples with fibrids or with bar dispersions * In all cases the products obtained are equivalent to those obtained using self-expanding staple fiber and comparable binding systems. Such sheet-like products are of value in all embodiments of the present invention.

In all tests according to Table IXZ, the feasibility of the Both the process and the formation of the flat structure are good. The structures obtained are of aggregated filaments, essentially free that means the thread separation after charging is completely satisfactory.,

In all of the experiments reported above, atmospheric steam at approximately 150.degree. C. is fed to the separated filaments downstream of the suction nozzles using an openwork member arranged in a ring with respect to the filaments. The threads relax under crimp to $ 20 * or more. During later calendering, the threads in the flat structure expand spontaneously, which further contributes to the crimp strength of the individual threads and thus to the properties of the flat structure.

The threads can also be relaxed by using a heated gas in the suction nozzle. In such a

- 31 -, BAD ORIGINAL

809803/0310

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air with 6.3 atmospheres and 120 ° C has also been used, which is why led to similar results.

Repeating this example with the modification that two or three threads bypass the guide rods 3 »4 and 5 without touching, a planar structure is collected in which these few ger oriented threads as "binder fiber" are distributed through and through. The subsequent heating leads to the melting of these Threads, resulting in a structure with greater cohesion.

Example 6

Polymeric ethylene terephthalate is spun into threads at 295 ° C through a 27 ~ Looh spinneret (hole diameter 0.23 mm each). That The thread is wound up at 1097 m / min. The thread material in the spun state has a titer of 135 den (15 tex) and a birefringence of 0.0094 and is due to its crystallinity in essentially amorphous. It is transferred from a conveyor roller to a water bath kept at 20 ° C and then on to a draw roller out of which it is stretched (speed on the stretching roller 366 m / min.) and wound on a suitable pack becomes (stretch ratio 2.80). The birefringence of the stretched Fadengutes is 0.1902. After the stretching, the thread material is immersed in water at 70 ° C. for 5 seconds, during which it shrinks by 38.3 # of its original length. The thread material obtained is spontaneous expandable; if there is 5 Hin. When exposed to boiling water, it expands 11.6 # of its original length. This spontaneously

BATH ORIGINAL

80980370318

Q-504-X / 578

The expandable material is then cut into 6.4 mm stacks.

In a separate operation 564 206 fibrids of a copolyester (£ PoIyäthylenterephthalat and 20 $> Polyethylene 80 wt.! Sophthalat) are according to the Belgian Patent Specification prepared by $ C to 40 parts by weight of a solution in dimethylformamide containing 20 wt. Of the polymer contains, in a steady stream to 400 parts by weight of an ice-cold mixture of 92.5 parts of dimethylformamide and 7.5 parts of water in a mixer of the Waring type operating at approximately 14,000 U / Hin. This procedure (shear force precipitation) leads to copolyester fibrids, which are filtered off and washed free of organic liquids with water.

An aqueous fiber-fibrid slurry (solids content 0.2 $>) is then prepared which contains 91 parts by weight of the spontaneously expandable polyester staple fiber, 4 parts by weight of conventional polyester fibers ("Dacron", fiber denier 3 den (0.33 tex ), length 6.4 mm) and 5 parts by weight of the fibrids described above. From this, a 20.3 x 20.3 cm sheet weighing 20 g is deposited on a conventional paper hand scoop with a sieve with a sieve opening of 0.15 mm. The hand-scooped leaf obtained is dried in an air oven at 120 ° 0; it is 10 mm diok. A micrograph of a section of this' structure? shows Fig. YII. This sheet is then placed in a mold that has the shape of a spherical segment with a concave part of 20.3 oa Durohmesser

»33- ORIGINAL BATHROOM

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Q-504-V578

and a maximum length of 21 mm, the top plate being flat is »while the concave part ale the bottom plate in a hydraulic Press is used. Bottom »like top plate of the form will be on Heated to 200 ° C and sprayed with a silicone release agent. Then you give the fleece in the form and cover it with a film Glass fiber covered with polytetrafluoroethylene hair ("Teflon") is. The Formdeokel is applied and the system is placed under a pressure of 704 kg / cm at 200 ° C. for 10 minutes. At the end of this time space, the mold section has reached full temperature and is the pressure is relieved.

As a result of this shaping, a molded body is obtained which has taken the shape of the spherical portion described above. The center of the fused product is enlarged by the expansion, which is based on the presence of the self-expanding fibers, from 10 mm in thickness to 16 mm. The fibrids on the surface of the shaped body have melted, which is also the case with some internal fibrids. Microscopic examination shows both molten and unmelted fibrids in the central part of the molded body. Since the original fleece has a square shape, its corners turn out to be tightly pressed together and roughly film-like. These corners are cut off in such a way that the durometer diameter of the rest of the molded body is equivalent to that of the diameter of the molded spherical section. On the, edges this spherical section, the pad is firmly and tightly pressed together, although not rigid. In the middle part is the PoI

809803 / 03f8 ^3A "BATH ORIGINAL

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very high-voluminous and elastic. By having some fibrids If the interior is closed, while others are not, the middle part of the upholstery is elastic, fluffy and highly flexible. the The type of Pibrldensohaelsbinäung seldom the micro-recording · near flg. VIXX. fig · XX selects one in a micro-recording Section through the soaked tie naoh Pig. VIII. The upholstery has a disagreeable dioke, which ranges from about 1 aa on the bands to about 16 aa la highest light, but the weight / flattening unit of the cushion is completely smooth

Table XT shows the assembly of a number of similar pads with different fiber-fibrid structures. All these pads give naoh the Porapressung one to very grussere 30 1> AAXL "eels Dioke than the starting sheets.

Tabel

IV

Dbe
MHMMM » Belbet
expand-
earala. Herköae-
liohe butt
lyester
fiber, % Polyester-
7i * briden, Square-
meter
weight,
β Maxieal
dioke naoh der
Forapressing, 1 3 4th 5 119 21 4th 85 10 5 119 23 T5 20th 5 119 23 75 20th 5 68 16 85 10 5 68 17th

The composite nonwoven fabric can deform old pibrids The surface can be coated by applying a thin pibrid layer

BATH ORIGINAL

8098

Sl /

0318

\ \ Η

tier aus8 © mfll © li® tee fleece is deposited. During the subsequent deformation, the surface obtained would be "Varwacheen ^ss g @ bra © & t ₉ w @ b @ i you get a light surface coating that is highly stable, resistant to pilling and fraying, and a knmtBMä®m. w & fibers from the inside of the porous body
changes.

Ber 0b © rflä © liQmlfe © ^ Bug ^ rauelit not particularly "thick" u be "
aeiT? & fumktlöa & ® meet «das-lielBet ma. the ®te @ rfXäohen8tabiXität ^ m ®rfe§li® © _e Sim® se & r small Ifemg © Fibride results in a-good
eueaiasa © iag @ waokeene surface «The above examples explain the BesciMolätmmg ait @ im @ r Eibriäsn-Aufachläümimg, but scan can also instead“ a fibrid ”la8er-Seoii8Ch with a malaise

809803/0318

Claims (1)

Claims 1. A method for producing a bonded nonwoven fabric from a nonwoven fabric of synthetic organic fibers and / or threads or mixtures thereof in which a synthetic., Organic, polymeric binder is dispersed, characterized in that a nonwoven, its fibers or threads to at least 50 % consist of fibers or threads that spontaneously expand by at least J>% when heated for 5 minutes to 20 ° C above their freezing temperature, and the J to 50 Oew.jS binder, based on the total weight of fleece plus Binder, contains, heated to expand the fibers and / or threads by at least 3 % and to fuse the binder, wherein the fleece is held so that it is prevented from growing along its surface by more than 5 % in length ι 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating is carried on the extension of the fibers and / or filaments, and heating at the same time to fuse the binder. 2. The method according to claim I, characterized in that the » heating to expand the fibers and / or filaments' BATH ORIGINAL 809803/0318 -3T- Q-504-X / 578 .and the heating to fuse the binder close together performs in any order » 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a fleece made of polyester fibers and / or polyester threads and preferably made of polyethylene terephthalate threads is used. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that « that the binder is in the form of polyester threads whose softening point is at least 20 ° C below that Temperature is »at which the lowest melting binding agent fibers and / or threads soften» 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that that the binder has an initial tensile strength mode between 0.00 2 and 25 gpd. «measured in film form. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that that the binder is in the form of fibrids and preferably has an initial tensile modulus of less than 0.9 gpd as measured in fiber form. 8 * Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the binder is a copolymer of one -3S- BATHROOM 809803/0318 aliphatic ester of acrylic acid and from up to 5 % acrylic acid is used and preferably from a suspension, which contains less than 10 ow. * of solids. * ■ ■ ■ V; 9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that "the expansion of the fibers and / or Ti"", the causing heating durohfUhrt, while the nonwoven fabric is pressed between embossing surfaces. k. - ■ 809803/0318