DE1409903A1 - Method and device for driving a tunnel and for supporting earth structures - Google Patents

Description

Method and device for driving a tunnel through and for supporting the structure of the earth

The invention relates to a novel method and an improved apparatus for driving a tunnel through an earth formation while the overburden is supported to prevent it from collapsing.

So far it has been the practice to create a tunnel through certain structures of the earth to dig and pour such a concrete pipe into the tunnel as is used for sewer or weather drainage can be used. Conventional are such tunnels by successively supporting arched or horseshoe-shaped ones Η-girders or steel girders in spaced relationship in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel have been made when the tunnel progresses. Jenn. every porter put in position and such is supported, lengths of planks or sheet piles are made with Hammers driven into the face of the tunnel, open

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Obviously this requires a considerable amount of manpower and the progress of such tunnels is relatively slow Furthermore, especially when a tunnel is being dug through sandy soil, the driving of sheet piles into the sand loosens it Sand, and often crevices and holes, are left between adjacent sheet piles so that the sand can start in between to flow through. While a small amount of sand flow through the support structure is not too significant, one forms Flow over a sustained period of time creates a substantial cavity in the rock formation above the tunnel, causing collapses occur in such a cavity that in this way sudden loads of considerable weight on the curved girders and impose sheet piles. Hence, the curved beams and liner have traditionally been quite massive to accommodate the To support loads to which they are subjected.

Despite the high costs and hazards associated with digging a tunnel, as just described, is this has been the practice for many years in those cases where a horseshoe-shaped cross-sectional shape from the standpoint of structural strength is necessary «. In those cases where the structural rigidity of the general horseshoe cross-section is not As necessary, annular tunnels have been excavated by inserting a cylindrical casing into the face of the tunnel

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expresses which the erection of an annular support structure in the cylindrical housing made possible such cylindrical Housings have offered certain advantages, their use has also been accompanied by certain disadvantages. One the main disadvantages of a cylindrical housing, as mentioned earlier, is the lack of directional control that has been a feature of all such housings known to date.

Prior to the present invention, the conventional bung driving technique has traditionally been used where the tunnel the horseshoe type was required * This was made necessary by the fact that, while the lower side of a cylindrical Housing, as previously mentioned, forms a support base on which the housing rests, not because of a horseshoe-shaped housing the lack of adequate support means for the base of the housing has been used «,

Accordingly, it is a primary objective of the present invention in providing a novel method of driving a tunnel of horseshoe cross section, this Method employing a housing of generally horseshoe cross-section intended to be forcefully driven into the face of a tunnel as the tunnel progresses, to enable the erection of a suitable supporting structure in the protective cover of the housing «

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Another purpose of the invention is to provide novel devices including an elongated housing, which is capable of being driven into a tunnel face to support the overburden of earth and including novel means to support the casing, so that the Erddeckgebirge does not follow the sides of the housing pushes down into the earth as the housing moves forward.

Another purpose of the invention is to provide a improved method for driving a tunnel, which involves driving a-in.allgemeipen horseshoe-shaped, elongated Shield in the earth includes to allow the removal of the earth at the tunnel face, the union of supporting arches or striving within the confines of the shield, installing the lining between successive arches under the Protecting the shield, lifting the arches to press the liner into sealing registration with the inner surface of the shield, advancing the shield further into the tunnel face while keeping the face of the tunnel from collapsing, and continuously covering the vaulted and lined tunnel-forming areas Sections.

It is to be understood that the tunnels mentioned herein can be mining tunnels, in which case the horseshoe support structure will form the completed tunnel. If ever -

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but on the other hand the tunnel for the purpose of drainage or the sewer is intended, then the horseshoe-shaped one aforementioned construction as the outer shape used in the construction of a concrete pipe, as it is more evident becomes apparent in the course of the description.

Another object of the invention is to provide a method of driving a tunnel wherein a generally horseshoe shaped shield is driven into the tunnel face. When the shield is periodically advanced, arched Η-beams or "steels" are supported in the shield, these beams or arches being adapted to receive and support the liner or lengths of 4-planking that are notched or dapped at their opposite ends rabbeted to overlap the adjacent arches or beams and to give the tunnel longitudinal strength in the end joint. According to the invention, the liner engages a bracket at one end which is pressed tightly against the liner of the preceding tunnel section and wherein the liner installed in the new section is notched or rebated at that end more deeply than at the opposite end of the liner that engages a bow or bracket that is relatively loosely in place

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is arranged, but the densely with respect to the overlaying Shield following the installation of a full, set of Lining members is lifted up tightly,

hole another purpose is to provide a method, as previously mentioned, in which chocks or wedges are between- _; see footplates at the ends of the Η-girders and a plank or other foundation members driven into contact with the earth. This is done before the jacks are released so that the Η-beam is in place. is held. A major consequence of this insert arrangement is the fact that the Η-carrier supports the rear part of the shield. In the absence of a solid overhang, the H carrier would allow such a rear shield part to sag and irregular shield movement.

Another purpose is to create a novel Apparatus eminently suitable for carrying out the aforementioned method. In this connection, this device creates preferably means for slidably supporting the U-shaped or horseshoe-shaped shield, these support means being the include what is generally referred to in this application as an "i-needle bar" and means for supporting one Needle bar. This loading bar support includes a construction

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member which is related to the relative axial movement with respect to the. ' Shield is suitable whereby, when the needle beam is held stationary in the supporting relationship with the shield, the shield can be displaced axially to advance it into the tunnel face. As each new tunnel section is constructed, an auxiliary beam is used for the needle beam, while the needle beam and its main beam are adjusted to allow further advancement of the shield with respect to the main beam. In this connection, the pin beam girder includes an inverted U-shaped frame or arch which is arranged transversely to the tunnel and which has hoists in its opposite sides adapted to engage the floor of the tunnel to exert upward pressure on the shield to prevent the shield from sliding down as it advances into the tunnel face. When each new section of the tunnel is struiert kon and provision is made for the advancement of the shield for the construction of a following tunnel section, the needle bar carrier is used, the retraction of the lifting gear to permit the main needle bar carrier, after which the main needle bar carrier axially new with respect to the plate in a "Support position can be moved and the lifting equipment can be put back into use.

Another purpose of the invention is to create new

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like hydraulically operated means for effectively pushing a shield into the tunnel face. These funds include one A plurality of hydraulically operated tappets spaced around the shield and when pumping one Fluid in the same are capable of effectively pushing the shield forward. In accordance with one of the excellent Features of the invention are these hydraulic tappets with a fluid from an effective variable displacement pump of the type supplies equal amounts of hydraulic fluid to each of the related shield drive lifters relocate. In order to effect the directional control of the shield, the hydraulic actuation system for the rams is preferred provided with means under the control of suitable valve means to selectively dispense a large volume of fluid to push into one or more selected plungers, so as to increase the expansion of said selected plunger or the ram a greater distance than the other rams to cause and thus cause the shield is forced to rotate in a given direction, depending on which of the rams are expanded the most.

Generally speaking, therefore, there is a. Purpose in creating a facility for digging a tunnel that one Shield contains a device to apply even pressure

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one end of the shield, preferably at spaced apart Points around it, as well as a facility for Applying additional pressure at a selected point or points to effect directional control of the sign.

Still another purpose of the invention is to provide a new type of tunneling shield, as mentioned before, which is equipped with air-operated breast plank rams, which are suitable to be advanced along the tunnel to support the breast planks against the tunnel face. There These breast plank pushers are air operated, they are in the The breast planking has a yielding effect against the tunnel face press and are the axial movement of the housing in the Allow tunnel face while the breast plunger are pushed back into their power cylinder, which is of the contour of the The frontal area of the tunnel depends. In this way the collapse of the tunnel face is eliminated

According to the previous goals, it is another Purpose of the invention, a method and devices as mentioned above, that allow the dirt and soil removed from the tunnel face to be air-actuated or otherwise so-called "shovel" driven by force can be picked up and loaded, the one as

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Muzzle loader overhead unloading machine type is the most common is used when digging tunnels and which is suitable for successively picked up earth charges onto a conveyor unloading, which either transports the earth all the way to the mouth of the tunnel or the earth to a rear mine train the tunnel digging device can transmit.

The novel method and apparatus have other advantages and novel features as follows are specifically stated or are apparent to experts.

In the drawings of an exemplary embodiment are: 1 shows a longitudinal section through a tunnel driving device according to the invention, which is a Vorrichtungsbei game, which is suitable for the implementation of the present The method is ideally suited, with the shield and the Uadelbalkträger in the positions with respect to the needle bar that they would normally occupy at the completion of a tunnel section and before Pushing the shield forward into the tunnel face,

FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1, but showing the shield in FIG shows an extended position and the auxiliary needle beam carrier in a ground-attacking, needle bar

shows the supporting position, as well as the main needle bar support lifting equipment withdrawn to the main needle bar

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to allow carrier to be advanced into a new position with respect to the needle bar, the Shield advance plungers pistons are shown in broken lines in a fully extended position

Fig. 5 is a Aufrißansient of the tunneling apparatus of Figure 1 and _e 2,. . .

FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view along line 4-4 in FIG. 1, FIG. 5 shows an enlarged partial individual view, partly in FIG Elevation and partly in section, showing the Itfadelbalken and the Hauptnadelbalkträger as well as the sliding connection between these elements shows

6 is a sectional view taken substantially along line 6-6 in Fig. 5,

7 is an enlarged partial detail view in section across the tunnel driving device essentially borrowed along line 7-7 in Fig., 2, which in particular Method of lifting the successive horseshoe-shaped or arched load-bearing Η-beams or "steels" in close engagement with the shield preceding the shifting of the position of the needle beam carrier and further advancement of the shield shows,

Figure 7a is a partial elevational view on an enlarged scale according to line 7a - 7a in Fig. 7 »

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Fig x 8 is an enlarged fragmentary detail view in section along line 8 - _f 8 in Figure 7 in particular, the novel method of notching (dapping) or grooves (rabbeting] the formwork planks displays to enable its insertion between adjacent curved steels or bar and.

Fig. 9 is a schematic view of the hydraulic and pneumatic System for operating the various apparatuses of the novel device.

Identical reference symbols denote in the various figures of the drawings and in the following detailed description corresponding parts.

In the drawings, and in particular in FIG. 1, the novel device shown for carrying out the method according to the invention.

According to the invention the device comprises a shaped U-generally shield S, having an outer skin plate 1, which extends from the body of the shield backwards in order to create an elongated jacket and an inner plate 2, which suitably amplified and are connected to one another by structural members 3. At its front end, the shield S is provided with a cutting edge. The inner wall of the shield S is angled with a

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arranged front portion 5, which forms something of a flat surface. The shield S has an arcuate upper leading edge 6 disposed substantially across the tunnel and a pair of downwardly extending portions 7 which form side walls of the shield, which side walls towards the rear end of the shield from the top towards the bottom thereof back away. Supported in the middle and mounted in the longitudinal direction in the shield S and attached to it is a loading beam If, which is described in more detail below generally domed in shape or U-shaped and which can weräen shifted with respect to the Uadelbalken If relative thereto, and a subcarrier B _r pivotally mounted on the beam, such as at 8, mounted and which is suitable, from an inoperative position parallel to the loading beam, as shown in FIG. 1, to be moved into an operative position in ground attack pin-beam support relationship as shown in FIG.

When using the device is an air or other power operated muzzle-loaders - overhead unloader or "supercharger" M able to move between the opposite laterally spaced sides of the main needle -

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to move the beam girder A to pick up the earth and transfer it overhead to a conveyor link X, such as it is shown in Fig. 1 »The conveyor connections are conventional elements and need not be further described, as their operation is known to those skilled in the art and they are commonly used in tunneling.

As previously mentioned, the needle beam carrier A and the loading beam N are displaceable with respect to each other and as can be seen in particular in Figs. 5 and 6, the Uadelbal ken I is preferably composed of a pair of U-shaped structural members 10, the back on Backs arranged in a spaced relationship and. are connected to one another at their ends by transverse plates 11, 11. At its top, the needle bar I is screwed by bolts 12 to the inner plate 2 of the shield S and at its base has the needle bar Έ welded to it or otherwise attached to it in a suitable manner a pair of longitudinal rails 13? The Iladelbalkträger A has at its upper end and essentially at its center point a pair of laterally spaced upright roll carriers 14,14, in which a pair of rolls 15,15 are mounted in a suitable - // iron, which are transverse to the Ladelbalken extend and are in rolling contact with the aforementioned rails 13. Further, the roller carriers 14 have a pair

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upwardly protruding bearing blocks 1.6,16 on it, which are suitable are rotatably supporting a pair of rollers 17,17 which are rotatable are mounted on axes parallel to the axes of the rollers 15, 15 to with the lower flanges 18, 18 of the U-shaped construction members 10.10 rolling into engagement *, Furthermore are the t / al carriers 14 with opposite pairs from to outside standing Yorsprüngen 19,19 and 20,20 provided, in which In this regard, a pair of rollers 21 and 22 are attached, the latter of which roll on axes perpendicular to the axes of the folds 15 and 17 are arranged. The balzen 21 and 22 can be the outer edges attack the rails 13,13 rolling. Accordingly, it should be noted that the "folds 15, 17, 21 and 22 the needle bar- · carrier A on the needle bar for the relative movement of these parts fully support.

To such a relative movement of the Ifadelbalkenträgers A with respect to the needle bar N are a pair of fluid pressure actuated plungers 23 at one end on the Needle bar U on opposite sides of the latter, like at 24, connected and each plunger 23 includes a drive rod 25, which is connected to a protruding bracket 26 on the Needle beam support A is connected.

The plungers 23 act to the needle beam carrier A, such as can be seen in Fig. 1, with reference to the needle bar and the

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To move the casing to the left and therefore means are also provided to limit this movement. Such The device is preferably in the form of a pair of rods 28 extending rearwardly from the needle bar on either side of the Auxiliary pin beam support B and extend to each other like connected by a bracket member 29 to a follower part 30 (comealong) are. The following part is, as with 31, with a pair of rods, indicated at 32, which are at their end to any suitable fixed support νβ ^ μ ^ βη can· ·

As best seen in Figures 3 and 4, the Fadelbalkträger A is provided on its opposite sides with a pair of fluid pressure operated jacks and with telescopic legs 34 adapted to engage the soil on the floor of the tunnel as the tappets expand, to lift the needle bar If and the shield S up · The lifting devices 33 also serve to raise the legs 34, as shown in Fig. 2, so that the ffadel bar N are supported on the auxiliary needle bar support B in a new support position can. The auxiliary needle beam carrier B is also provided with a lifting device member 35, which is shown as a screw type, but

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which of course, without leaving the lame of the invention, can also be operated hydraulically. In either case, the elevator 35 can be manipulated to provide upward pressure exert on the shield S to support the same when the legs or jacks 34 of the main pin beam carrier A be raised and the carrier A is moved to a new position. ■

To the movement of the auxiliary needle beam carrier B from the Support position, which is shown in 'Fig. 2 is shown in a raised ineffective position, as shown in Fig. 1, to facilitate it, is a chain 36 preferably with the needle bar carrier B connected and is effectively in engagement with drive means, which by a motor 37 of the air or hydraulic driven type, which is attached to the rear end of the loading beam Ii and which is suitable for the chain 36 to be conveyed by the drive device to the latter to pivot the pivot 8 into the aforementioned inoperative position.

To move the shield 8 from the position shown in FIG To advance to the position shown in Fig. 2, the shield has mounted therein a series of substantially equidistant spaced longitudinal rams or fluid pressure actuated Actuating cylinder as it is best in

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Fig. 4 can be seen. In this regard, these cylinders are denoted by the reference numerals 38, 39, 40, 41, 42 and 43. The pistons of these drive devices can be supported by means which will be specifically described below, while the cylinders of these devices are rigidly connected to the ochild S so that upon admission of fluid from a supply source, the cylinders are displaced axially with respect to the pistons and accordingly, the plate S will be urged axially into the end face of the tunnel * the motion fluid for these drive cylinders 38 to 43 is preferably a hydraulic fluid, which is thereto supplied from a storage tank H, which consists of a cylindrical tank, located in the Needle beam I is located, as can best be seen in FIGS. 4 and 6.

When the shield S advances into the tunnel face, the latter will normally try to collapse and, according to one of the important features of the invention, the wearer Shield preferably a plurality of breast plank holding cylinders 44 # 45,46 and 47. Cylinders 44 and 47 are like that can best be seen in Fig. 3, preferably arranged substantially in the "spring line" of the tunnel while cylinders 45 and 46 near the top of the shield

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opposite sides of the vertical center of the latter are arranged »

Each of the chest plank support drive cylinder assemblies ist'at the free end of their piston with a generally I-shaped otützkonsole 48 is provided, which is suitable on it in a transverse relationship, upper and lower breast planks 49 and ' 50, which are suitable to attack the tunnel face and essentially to prevent the collapse in it. furthermore, if desired, a suitable link can be selected perpendicular planks, as shown at 51, between the breast plank · 50 and the tunnel face inserted vrerdeni to further prevent the tunnel face from collapsing hold back. As will be more fully seen below, the chest plank drive cylinders 44-47 are preferred air operated so that the shield S on which the cylinders of the breast plank drive devices are carried into the Tunnel face advances, with the related piston can be pushed back into the cylinder, taking on this ./is the air is compressed and thereby an attempt is made, they yield due to the compressed air in the drives to hold against the tunnel face.

In operation according to the method of the present invention and with the apparatus as shown in Fig. 1 ,

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fluid is admitted to the shield propelling hydraulic drive devices 38 to 43 from the reservoir S, to push the shield S axially into the face of the tunnel while the breast plank support drives 44 to 47 serve to hold the breast plank assembly resiliently against the tunnel face to a substantial extent Prevent collapse. When the shield becomes that shown in FIG Point has been advanced, wherein the pistons of the drive devices 38 to 43 are substantially fully extended, as it is shown in broken lines, in this view, becomes each of the successive horseshoe-shaped supports - ■ directions G shown in Figs. 1 and 2 installed in the same manner as is now with particular reference on Figs. 7 and 8 will be described.

The domed Η-beams or "steel" half-sections 50 and 51 would ordinarily be placed in an out-of-way position adjacent the conveyor X so that when the pistons of the drives 38-43 have been withdrawn to the positions indicated in solid lines in 2, the relevant half-sections 50 and 51 can be raised to an initial position and can be screwed together at the center of the beam, as at 52.

lin pair of hoists 53 and 54 are used in this regard

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The hoist engaging projections 55 and 56 on the curved H-beam half-necks 50 and 51 are cracked into engagement and the curved beam G is thus held in its original position, whereupon planks or lining, generally indicated at 57, starting at the bottom on each side of the arched beam support is positioned along the funnel to span the space between the preceding arched beam or leg C and the one currently being installed. In order to install the -Auskleidung to facilitate in the apex äes tunnel, arms 27 are preferably supported at one end on the legs of ladelbalkenträgers A and extend along the tunnel. These arms provide support means on which a platform or stage can be placed «

As best seen in Figure 8, they are opposite Ends of each liner or plank 57 grooved or notched, with the end of each liner or plank first is to be used, which, as at 58, is rabbetted or dapped to a greater extent than the opposite End of the liner or planks, as at 59. Since the domed Η-beam or rib C pressed firmly into place against the liner and secured is »which in turn against the outer skin 1 of the shield S

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is pressed, this different notch of the ends of the liner 57 makes it easier to insert the deeper notched end 58 into the space between the last-mentioned rib C and the shield S. As clearly shown in FIG the wall formed by the lining does not evenly engage the outer skin 1 of the shield S, in which way the force required to move the shield zn is substantially reduced.

Following the insertion of the liner 57, the jacks 53 and 54 are used to lift the arched beam C. in firm engagement with the ends 59 of the liner. Chocks or wedges 60 are placed between the footplates 61 driven at the lower end of the relevant half-sections 50 and 51 of the beams C and a plank 60a, which in connection is arranged with the ground and which provides an adequate support surface for the clans C, making them leak tight the inserts 60 are held in place. This will sag the shield at the back of your stoop as you move forward prevent the same. It should be noted that prior to final tightening of the arched beam 10 that will be installed, one legs of connecting bolts 62 are extended between adjacent Η-bolts or ribs C to rigidly fit them into

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to contract evenly spaced relationship, with the Clamping bolt 62 is preferably substantially equidistant in the Distance are arranged around the extent of the tunnel section. Further, each of the clamping bolts 62 are closely adjacent a plurality of Federal stiffeners 63 installed, these Federal stiffeners in the flanges of the Η-beam on the relevant opposite ends of the collar stiffeners

can. As best seen in Figs. 1 and 2, the form Collar stiffeners 63 an elongated reinforcement member which supports the related drive actuation devices 38-43, the pistons of the same, as previously mentioned, being supported against the last installed arched beam support C, as shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 8 »

Following the final tightening of the arched beam girders G, which are just installed, as shown in FIG. 7, the sub-pin beam support B becomes that shown in FIG Position lowered and the lifting device 35 actuated to exert an upward force on the loading beam N, so the Load on the main pin beam carrier A is released. Then the telescopic legs 34 of the loading beam carrier A are through the fluid pressure actuated jacks 33 raised therein, as also shown in FIG. With such a lifting of the legs 34, the drive devices 23 can under

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Pressure must be applied to move the needle beam carrier A into position which is shown in FIG. 1. However, in order to cause this movement of the needle bar A, the tension on the Bracket holding device 28 can be released by the action of the follower part 30 and after the re-adjustment of the itfadelbalkenträgers A has been effected, the follower part can be used to tension the yoke arms 28 back to allow further forward movement of the needle beam carrier A.

At this point the telescopic legs are brought back into engagement with the surface of the earth and the hoist is released from support engagement with the ground and the fluid operated motor 37 can then be controlled to pull the chain 36 backwards to the auxiliary pin beam carrier to be lifted into the position shown in FIG.

As shown in Figure 4, a control panel D and all gate attendees are shown on the lower left side of the link Operations are preferably carried out manually from this control panel from causes which is part of a housing which contains suitable control valves and actuators that are im specifically described below to control the operation of the fluid pressure circuit shown schematically in FIG Fig. 9 is shown. -

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In Fig. 9, the lifting devices 33, 33 of the main pin beam carrier A has been designated as in the diagram. Likewise the breast plank cylinder 44 to 47 have been designated as it is also the liadelbalkenträgerverschiebantriebetriebe 23 and the Shield displacement drives 38,39,40,41,42 and 43 are. The reservoir E in the Eadelbalken If is in the Diagram also shown.

In Fig. 9, there is shown schematically a variable displacement pump P of the radially reciprocating piston type or other suitable type which is driven by a motor M ¹ and which is capable of conveying equal volumes of hydraulic fluid through the lines 38a, 39a, 40a, 41a, 42a and 43a to pump from the reservoir E through a line E ¹ at each revolution of the pump, these lines leading in this regard to the drive cylinder devices 38 to 43 through the branch lines 38b, 39b, 40b, 41b, 42b and 43b, to push the shield S axially. In this regard, each of the lines 38a to 43a is provided with a pressure gauge, as indicated generally at 60 'and, if desired, each of these lines is additionally also provided with a branch line to a check valve 62', these branch lines, as at 63 ^r with one. Relief valve 64 'of a suitable type are connected. The branch lines 38b to 43b are also connected to buckling valves

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65 and throttle valves 66 and are connected by the line to a feed line 68, which in turn with a Reservoir R is connected by a line 69, preferably with a check valve 70 and preferably with a filter 70 'is provided. The lines 38b to 43b are also connected to one another with outlet lines 71, which are in broken lines Lines are shown in Fig. 9, these outlet lines are branched by outlet line 72 connected to a return line 73 which leads to the reservoir through an air operated four-way valve 74 results, the operation of which is particularly described below. Preferably ^ you lead

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73 a check valve inserted.

To ensure the compressibility of air with the effective To combine displacement characteristics of liquid or oil, the system shown in FIG. 9 is preferably a combined air and oil system and as shown in this view, the reservoir R is partly with oil and partly filled with air. The air is supplied to the reservoir through a conduit 76 via an air operated valve 77 from a Feed line 78 supplied with a suitable compressed air source connected, this source backwards from the previously described construction and in the tunnel, as at 79, can be arranged. A suitable separator or filter can be used

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be built into the air supply line or, if desired, these two elements can be attached in it.

It should be noted that the aerial motor 37 mentioned by the Torher and which serves to convey the chain 36 by a drive mechanism as previously described with an air supply line, such as line 76, through a branch line 80 having a control valve 81 therein to control the operation of the air motor 37.

^{The air supply line 78 is connected to the motor M 1} by a conventional regulator 82, a branch line 83 leading to a servo motor and a line 85, which is preferably of a known air driven type. Line 87 is preferably connected to an isolation valve, such as at 86. In this way it can be seen that the pressurized air admitted into the system through line 78 serves to provide motive power to the motor M ¹ and also to provide a pressure source to pressurize the oil, which is contained in the storage container B.

Furthermore, a branch line 87 is connected to the air line 78 which is suitable, optionally through a hand-operated four-way valve 89, optionally with the air-operated valve 74 through line 90 or with air operated valve 77 to be connected by a line 91. In this way

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Valve 89 serves the dual purpose of controlling the admission of air pressure to the reservoir and controlling the return flow of fluid from shield tappets 38-43 through return lines 71, junction 72 and line 73 in which valve 74 is installed. The valve 74 serves a further function in relation to the control of the optional injection of additional fluid volumes into the selected plungers of the series of shield actuating devices 38 "to 43". In this connection, it should be noted that an air motor 92 is suitable to be driven by air which is supplied by line 93 which is connected between the motor 92 and the feed line 78, the line 93 being ported with a lubricating device, as at L, Tersehen, a measuring gate device 94 and which has therein a segulator 95 to operate of the air motor 92. The motor 92 drives a feed pump 96 which has an inlet line 97 which is connected by lines 73, 68 and both, as well as through an impact valve 70, to the oil in the reservoir E. The feed pump 96 also has an outlet conduit 98 which is optionally in communication with a conduit 99 through the air operated valve just mentioned Torher 74 will be set kmn- when the air operated valve 74 is in a position responsive to the appropriate handling of the

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hand-controlled ¥ entiles 89 is located, furthermore the line 97 with an accumulator 100 to maintain a constant Pressure may be applied to the fluid in line 99 when valve 74 communicates with the latter Line and line 97 establishes.

The accumulator 100 is suitable for maintaining a bridge greater than the pressure in the fluid lines 58b Ms 45b, as can be determined by the measuring devices 60 described above and a measuring device 101 in line 99, which is connected to a% ihe of lines 38c, 59g, 4Ge, 41c _t is 42g and 43c, which in this regard are connected to lines 38b and 43b. In this regard, the lines 38c to 43g are preferably provided with a check valve, as is collectively designated at 102, as well as with a manually controlled shut-off valve, these shut-off valves being collectively designated at 103. As a result of this arrangement, it should be noted that, under the optional control of the valves, additional oil under pressure can be directed to the related shield jacking rams 38-43 so that any of these rams can be provided with extra fluid either alone or in combination with extra fluid to push those rams to extend them a little further than the other tappets, therefore in the event that it is during a tunnel excavation

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Should it appear that the shield is beginning to turn out of course, a directional control of the shield can be effected by optionally advancing the associated plungers. In practice, a monitoring _{instrument t} such as a passage instrument is used in the tunnel to take a view of the direction of travel of the sign _{t following} the installation of each successive kin or steel C. In this way, any deviations in the shield during each successive section construction can be compensated for as the shield advances

To retract the plunger 38-43 pistons prior to installing a butt or steel C as previously described, a line 104 is connected to the relevant drive devices by lines 105, this line 104 is also connected by a manually controlled valve 89 to the aforementioned line 87, which in turn is connected to the air feed line 78 is connected. When in this way the hand-operated valve 89 from a shield shift position is shifted to a ram retracted position, the rams will be retracted.

It is desirable to supply the breast plank drive cylinders with air to resiliently hold the breast planks against the. Tunnel face to press, and accordingly these cylinders are also connected to the air supply line 78. The lower

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Breast plank cylinders 44 and 45 are with the lines 78 through a branch line 105 * connected, which is a lubricating device therein, this line 105 being connected by a line 106 via a pair of hand-operated four-way valves 107 and 108 If these valves 107 are shifted in the opposite direction, a connection between the line is optionally established

106 and the opposite sides of the piston of the ram of the drive cylinder 44 with an exhaust passage, as will be understood by those skilled in the art. The valve 108 functions in the same way as the valve 107 ₁ to control the advancement and retraction of the piston of the power cylinder 45 a pair of hand operated four-way valves. 111 and 112 promotes to control the advancement and retraction of cylinders 46 and 47 in the same way as the pistons of cylinders 44 and 45 under the control of the valves

107 and 108 are operated.

As previously stated, prior to the displacement of the loading beam support bracket A, the telescopic legs 34 of the same withdrawn as shown in Figure 2 of the drawings is. As seen in Figure 9, the system is for "actuation the drive devices 33 also have a combined air

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and Qlsystem in its preferred embodiment and. contains preferably a reservoir 113, the air being supplied to the reservoir through a line 114, which is connected to a Line 115 is connected, which leads from the aforementioned air feed line through a manually controlled valve 116. The manually controlled valve 116 also controls the connection of the fluid feed line 78 to a line 117 which is connected to a line 119 through a check valve 118 is that with both of the drives 33 on the outside of the piston connected to 'di * e retraction of the piston in the cylinder to effect. Oil under pressure exerted thereon by the air in the upper part of the reservoir 113 is passed through a filter 120, a check valve 121, and a line 122 connected to the drive cylinders 33 through a pair of shutoff valves 123, 123 and a pair of throttle valves 124 are connected. As far as the air pressure, which the extension of the Plunger 33 caused by the 01 in the system, compressible is, whereas a rigid support of the loading beam carrier A during operation is desired, the plungers 33 are originally extended by the air pressure and the valves 123 are then closed, trapping the fluid in the plungers. To expand the tappets further, each branch is of the hydraulic circuit for actuating the tappet 33 with

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a manually or otherwise operated HocMruok pump 125 is provided, which is connected to the drive cylinders 33 by a Hückachlag valve 126 and therefore through the throttle valves 124 on the closed aeite of the relevant end valves 123. Accordingly, with the closed valves 123, the pumps 125 can by hand operated, wheels when these pumps can »desired be operated by force, but in any case the function of the pump therein _for additional volume of hydraulic fluid under high. Inject pressure into the plunger 33.

During the raising of the legs 34> which is done simply by opening the shut-off valves 123 and operating the hand. controlled valve 116 can be operated to allow the passage of air through line 117 into line 119, with any excessive pressure in line 119 oozing through a relief valve _P as in 127 _r , hydraulic fluid in the drive cylinders 33 will of course be in . Go back the storage container 113 through a line 128 _f which has a check valve 129 therein, which connects line 122 with the storage container 113 *

With the legs 34 raised in this way and. according to In the present process, the fadelbalken.träger A is then used in Forward direction of the shield through the Fadelbalkenträgsrver ~

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140S9G3 - 34 -

Sliding cylinder 23 shifted against the tunnel face, the cylinder 23 * as in the now. "is shown air operated by a line 130 which is conveniently connected to an air supply system such as by connection to line 87 *. Line 130 is provided with a hand-operated animal-way valve 131 which is suitable to establish the connection between the line 130 and one side of the pistons of the drive cylinders 23 through a line 132 and with the other side of the pistons through a line 133. One of the latter lines leads to the expansion line of the piston and the other of the Each of the lines 132 and 133 is preferably provided with a flow control valve connection which includes a Mekschlagventil 134 ¹ ^ d a throttle valve 135, whereby the movement of the pistons of these drive cylinders 23 in opposite directions by the action the throttle valve 135 is padded.

It is. it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that within the scope of the invention Changes to the hydraulic shown in Figure 9 System can be made *

It can be seen that with the device according to Fig. 1 this device, in carrying out the present method, is operated as follows :;

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The valves 123 of the rag lift operating system. will be closed so that the fluid is in the cylinders of the jacks 33 is trapped therein, but if desired this may be fluid column in the drives can be supplemented by actuating the high pressure pumps 125. The throttle valve 82 is then actuated to stop the engine from acting M to pressurize, causing the pump P fluid under. Pressure on the relevant shield tappets 38 to 43 in the same Volume per revolution of the pump will deliver. However, should it be desired to correct any discrepancy in the sign, which may have occurred during previous operations, the valves 74 and 89 are manipulated so that the feed pump 96 Fluid is optionally supplied through lines 38c to 43c to add additional volume of fluid to an or to inject more selected cylinders of the cylinders 38 to 43, thus causing a control effect of the shield S when he advances.

During the advancement of the shield S, air is continuously passed through the supply line 78 to the upper and lower chest plank cylinders through their related control valves 107,108,111 and Ί12 fed to the breast planks 50 and 51 resiliently with the To keep the face of the tunnel in engagement, in this way an inadequate collapse of the same is prevented. lacn-

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After the shield has been fully extended so that the pistons of the shield tappets 38 to 43 are in the positions shown in dashed lines in Fig. 2, the halves of the arched Η-beam or steel girder G are then screwed together and the Rib C is installed in the position to support the planking between itself and the last installed H beam or steel T

The planking will be installed by preferably before up from the ground on each side of the tunnel, with the * deeper grooved ends of each casing first into the engagement between the last installed H-beam C and the jacket of the shield are inserted and the other end of the casing then slightly in the stel ment is slipped, lying loosely on the H-beam carrier which is in the installation process between the latter and the shield jacket. The lifting devices 53 are then used to push the H-beam or lip into the tight connection with the lining or casing and press the casing up against the coat of the shield -. des S, where "at the collar stiffeners 63 are arranged between them and as a spacer for the previously installed H-beam support C and those who will be installed. The tie rods 62 are then tightened so that the newly installed

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H-beam carrier is well secured, whereupon the emergency needle beam carrier B is released and pivoted down into the position shown in Fig. 2 and wherein the screw jack 35 is actuated to release the load from the main pin beam bracket or arch A. The valves 123 will then be opened and that Valve 116 will be actuated to allow compressed air through the line 117 feed in order to raise the legs 34 of the loading beam carrier A. With the legs 34 raised in this way, the follower 30 is actuated to trigger the train in * the links 28, so that the arched beams A for movement against the face of the tunnel free is. Then the valve 31 of the loading beam carrier is shifting cylinder system operated to advance the pistons from the cylinders of the drive devices 23 to the To move the loading beam carrier in the position shown in FIG.

Thereafter, the line 117 is emptied through the valve 116 and the valves 123 opened to turn the legs 34 down to press into the singing handle with the base of the tunnel · The Valve system for the hook lift operation system is then be set as described before. The air motor 37 is then fed with air through the valve 81 in line 80 to the Screw jack or auxiliary pin beam bracket B in to raise the position shown in Fig. 1, where he is again -

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is secured. The previously described operation is of course repeated for each new tunnel section.

It can now be seen that the present invention has made substantial improvements in the art of digging or driving of tunnels where a protective shield is needed to support the overburden of earth, if a permanent one Support structure is erected to protect the shield * If you want to run, the tunnel can be left as it is, i.e., with the earth supported solely by the ribs C and the formwork on it or if desired, suitable shapes can be used be placed in the frame structure to allow the injection of hydraulic concrete into the space between the mold and to allow the supporting structure to make a concrete pipeline.

While specific details of the method and apparatus are shown and described, within the scope of FIG Invention made various changes and modifications will·

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809801/012 4

Claims (8)

Dr. Expl. Claims 1. Method of forming a tunnel in the ground, characterized by driving a shield into the earth, removing the earth from the shield on the face of the tunnel, the construction of an arched reinforcement structure in the shield while the earth resting on the shield is supported, the Advancing the shield to free the reinforcement structure the support of the overlying earth on the reinforcement structure, the propulsion of the shield with an evenly distributed hydraulic force at the same time and applied equally at points on the apex and opposite sides of the shield, the determination of either Deviation in the direction of movement of the shield from a planned course, as well as the application of additional fluid pressure at one of the points mentioned to effect a directional control of the sign. 2 «Method of forming a tunnel in the earth, marked by driving a shield into the earth, removing the earth from the shield on the face of the tunnel, the construction of an arched reinforcement structure in the shield, while the earth resting on the shield is supported, that Advancing the shield to free the reinforcement structure 809801/0 1-24 140S9G3 • - 40 - the support of the overlying earth on the reinforcement structure, propelling the shield with a plurality of spaced apart fluid pressure actuators Rams, as well as the supply of equal volumes of fluid to the rams from a separate source of pressurized fluid for every ram. 3. Method of forming a tunnel in the earth, marked by driving a generally horseshoe-shaped shield into the earth, removing the earth from the Shield on the tunnel face, the construction of an arched reinforcement structure in the shield, while the overlying earth is supported on the shield, the advancement of the shield, to expose the reinforcement structure, the support of the overlying soil on the reinforcement structure, the driving of the shield at the top and on opposite sides of the same with a plurality of hydraulic rams and the simultaneous supply of equal volumes of hydraulic fluid to the lifters from a separate source for every ram. 4. Method of forming a tunnel in the earth, marked by driving a generally horseshoe-shaped shield into the earth, removing the earth from the - 41 - 80 980 1/0 1 2k 140S9Ü3 - 41 - Sign on the. Tunnel face, the construction of an arched reinforcement structure in the shield, while the overlying earth is supported on the shield, the advancement of the shield, to expose the reinforcement structure, the support of the overlying soil on the reinforcement structure, the driving the shield with a plurality of hydraulic Tappets and the supply of equal volumes of hydraulic fluid flow to the rams from a separate source of pressure for each ram, while an additional volume of fluid injected into the selected plungers from a separate source Y / ird to effect directional control of the shield. 5 «Procedure for the formation of a tunnel in the earth, marked by driving a generally horseshoe shaped Shield into the earth, the removal of the earth from the shield on the face of the tunnel, the construction of an arched one Reinforcement structure in the shield, while the earth resting on the shield is supported, the advancement of the Shield to expose the reinforcement structure, the bracing the overlying soil on the reinforcement structure and the resilient support of the front surface of the tunnel to prevent them from collapsing while the shield is being driven into the earth. . 80980 1/0 124 - 42 - 140S9G3 - 42 - 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized by the compliant Supporting the face of the tunnel when the shield advances with respect to the face of the tunnel. 7 · Method of forming a tunnel in the earth, marked by driving a shield into the earth, the simultaneous exertion of an even hydraulic pressure from a source of effective volumetric displacement at spaced points around the shield, around the shield to press into the earth as well as the addition of the pressure a separate pressure source at a selected pressure point to effect directional control of the sign. 8. A method of forming a tunnel, characterized by driving a shield into the earth, the construction of a arched rib beam in spaced relation to the shield, the establishment of a second arched rib beam in aligned The spacing relation to the first-mentioned rib as well as the spacing relation to the shield, the attachment of a lining or sheeting between the ribs and the shield and the span of the space between the ribs with the liner, lifting said second rib into tight engagement with the shield and securing the second rib in their position. - 43 809801/0124. - 43 - 9. The method according to claim 8, characterized by the notching or grooves (dapping) of the opposite ends of the Planking and the arrangement of the ends thereof between the ribs and the shield with part of the lining between the grooved ends between opposing surfaces of the ribs. 10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the lining at their opposite ends at one end is notched deeper than the other end of the liner and that the deeper notched end of the liner is between the first-mentioned rib and the shield is inserted and the other end of the notch. between the second-mentioned rib and the shield. 11. The method according to claim 10, characterized by installing of collar stiffeners between the two ribs and the advancement of the shield with respect to the reinforcement structure in order to connect the latter to the soil above with hydraulic rams supported against the second rib in alignment with the stiffeners. 12. Device for forming a tunnel in the earth, characterized by an elongated shield, a device which supports the shield for axial movement displaceably, and a 809801/0124 ~ ⁴⁴ " 140SSG3 _ - 44 - Fluid pressure actuated device for axial advancement of the shield, in which the device for slidable support of the shield includes a beam member which is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the shield and thereon substantially at its Mid-mounted, a support member, a device which slidably connects the beam and the support member to one another, and a second support member that engages with the beam for movement into and out of position to support the beam connected is. . 13. Device zur'Bildung a tunnel in the earth, marked by an elongated shield, a device which slidably supports the shield for axial movement and which is a vertically disposed member further includes means for advancing the shield comprising a plurality of im Contains spaced-apart plungers and means for simultaneously applying a uniform volume of fluid to each of the plungers feed which is from a separate source of pressurized fluid is derived. 14. Device for forming a tunnel in the ground, marked by an elongated shield, a device which supports the shield for axial movement and which is perpendicular disposed member includes means for advancing - 45. 809801/0 124 1403303 of the shield including a plurality of spaced apart plungers, means for smoothing the plungers Supply volumes of pressurized fluid, each The plunger receives the fluid from a separate pressure source and means to control the direction of movement of the Control shield. 15. The apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that the exposure control means includes means to selected To supply additional fluid to tappets. 16. Device for forming a tunnel in the ground, marked through a shield that can be propelled into the face of a tunnel, a device to prevent the aforementioned Force the shield forward, a device to effect deflection control of the movement of the shield, whereby the means for propelling the shield includes a plurality of fluid pressure actuated plungers operating simultaneously are immediately pressurized and wherein the means for effecting the equilibrium control of the movement of the Plunger includes a device to provide an extra amount of fluid into a selected ram from a source of pressurized fluid to press, which is separate from the one for feeding the constant pressure to the said tappets. ■ ■ .- ■ · ■ "- 46 - . 80980 1/0 124 140S903 - 46 - 17 «Device for the formation of a tunnel, characterized by a shield, an elongated body of arched shape Sectional section with the body having an open bottom, means for engaging the floor of a tunnel can be brought and is engaged with the body in order to support it, furthermore a device which is slidable with the support means is connected to the body, the means for supporting the body including a loading beam, which is carried by the body substantially in the longitudinal center of the body, a limb which is supported by the Uadel beam hangs down to engage with the floor of the tunnel, and a second support member carried by that beam for movement into and out of the beam support position will. 18. Device for forming a tunnel, characterized by a shield in the form of an elongated body of arched cross-section having an open bottom, one with the bottom a tunnel engageable and engaging the body for supporting the same, further a device that allows the support device to slide with the body connects, wherein the means for supporting the body includes a needle beam carried by the body, a member hanging down from the Uadelbalken, the BATH ORIGINAL ■ M 809801/0124 UO S 30 - 47 - Device for the displaceable connection of the support device with the body includes rollers which are engaged with the needle bar and link and a support link which is pivotable is connected to the needle bar for movement in and out of position to engage the floor of the tunnel. 19. Device for forming a tunnel, characterized by a shield in the form of an elongated body. Von domed Cross section having an open bottom, one engageable with the bottom of a tunnel and with the body for support engaging means thereof, and means for making the support means slidable with the body connects, wherein the means for supporting the body includes a needle bar which passes through the body in is carried substantially in the longitudinal center of the same, a link which hangs down from the needle bar, the Limb positioned transversely of the shield and laterally spaced legs to mate with one therebetween located earth moving machine, and a support member which is connected directly to the needle bar and to the ground of the tunnel is engageable. 20, device for forming a tunnel, characterized by a shield that can be driven into the ground, a BADORIGfNAL. -48- 80 980 1/0 flT ' 140S9G3 - 48 - number of hydraulically operated rams to advance the shield, means for supplying equal volumes of hydraulic fluid to each ram from a separate source feed under pressure to the ram, as well as a device to feed from a source which is separate from the first-mentioned sources is an additional volume of fluid to an extended one To feed the plunger in order to control the calibration of the Effect shield. 21. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that the device, the same volume of hydraulic Strömungemlttels supplies to the tappets includes a multi-cylinder pump and means for providing fluid communication between the related plungers and one of the cylinders. 8 098 01/0