DE1281198B - Pneumatically driven piston vibrator - Google Patents

Description

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

GERMAN

PATENT OFFICE

EDITORIAL

Int. CL:

B 06 b

German class: 42 s -1/18

Number: 1281198

File number: P 12 81 198.2-24 (B 86119)

Filing date: March 9, 1966

Opening day: October 24, 1968

The invention relates to pneumatically driven vibrators with a freely in a housing axial bore reciprocating piston for transmitting vibrations to any device, wherein the housing has inlet and outlet openings for the pressure medium and at its Ends is closed with plugs.

Such vibrators are used, for example, in conveyors or chutes for bulk goods, filling devices for containers or for flat conveyors with a vibrating conveyor track on which objects or goods are moved. It was found that the speed at which Objects are moved along the surface of the conveyor track, almost in direct proportion to the vibration frequency is the conveyor track surface.

There are pneumatically driven vibrators known, the piston receiving axial bore are closed by screwed or screwed closure pieces, but with sealing rings for Sealing the hole are required. Since these sealing rings are subjected to compression, which varies in strength depending on the screwing force applied when attaching the locking pieces, they tire quickly and must soon be replaced if the housing bore is always well sealed should be. In addition, such a closure of the bore of a vibrator housing is expensive and can easily loosen or even come loose under the action of the vibrations.

Other known vibrators have similar disadvantages in which the ends of the housing bore closed by disks or the like that are placed on top and fastened by means of tensioning screws with seals placed underneath are.

The object of the invention is to seal the ends of the reciprocating To simplify and improve the piston receiving bore of the vibrator housing so that no sealing rings or the like are required and their durability and quality are increased, that achieves a remarkable increase in the frequency of vibration for a given working pressure can be.

To solve this problem, according to the invention, in a vibrator of the type mentioned above suggested that each plug for sealing the ends of the bore with a cylindrical Plug part, the outer diameter of which is not smaller than the inner diameter of the bore, so in the bore is driven so that it exerts a radial compressive force on the bore wall. Through this Pneumatically driven piston vibrator

Applicant:

Warren C. Burgess Jr.,

North Olmsted, Ohio (V. St. A.)

Representative:

Dr.-Ing. Dr. jur. F. Redies, Dr. rer. nat. B. Redies, Dr. rer. nat. D. Türk and Dipl.-Ing. Ch. Gille,
Patent attorneys,
4000 Düsseldorf-Benrath 3,
Erich-Ollenhauer-Str. 7th

Named as inventor:

Warren C. Burgess Jr.,

North Olmsted, Ohio (V. St. A.)

a permanent and simple sealing of the bore ends is achieved, which in a surprising manner at a certain fixed working pressure of the pressure medium a considerable increase in Frequency with which the piston is moved back and forth in the bore compared to comparable ones Vibrators with screwed-in plugs that seal by means of sealing rings made possible.

The invention frees up the production time of pneumatically driven vibrators with one reciprocating piston shortened by about 32 to 39%, without this advantage by an increased financial effort would have to be bought. This improvement is extraordinarily great Value for companies that have relatively little space to increase their production. About that in addition, considerable savings can be made in the cost of manufacturing the vibrators. For example, the plugs can be made of conventional rod material, which is processed in series by simple grinding machines without centering, which is better than the expensive Manufacture of the screw connection of the previously known sealing plugs. In addition, there is the incision of threads in the two ends of the vibrator holes are only possible to a limited extent. In the end will be the weight of the raw material required, i.e. H. of the unprocessed material, also reduced.

The invention is better to be understood in connection with the drawing, which as an embodiment

809 628/1469

For example, a pneumatic vibrator 25 is connected in cross section, the outlet opening 19

tor with a freely movable piston held closed by the piston 13, and the

for the transmission of vibrations to other front, other chamber 26 stands with its outlet opening 20

shows directions in connection with a visual connection. If, on the other hand, the piston channel 22

The four-way valve system shown in the diagram works. 5 with the inlet connection 14 and the chamber 26

The drawing shows a pneumatic vibrator, the outlet opening 20 from the piston

gate 10 covered with a freely movable to and fro KoI- 13 and kept closed, and the

ben for generating vibrations and transmitting chamber 25 is connected to its outlet opening 19

the same on any devices. The vibrator binding.

10 has a housing 11 in the form of an elongated io When the line pressure is removed from the vibrator 10

th cylinder with a longitudinal it is put through, the piston 13 is normally in a

setting hole 12. center dead center come to a standstill. A be-

A piston 13 is a particularly suitable starting or starting device 30 within the bore 12 Slidably arranged with a sliding seat. The piston 13 is cylindrical in the drawing in broken lines formed and is along the longitudinal 15 points. This device 30 uses a four-way axis the bore 12 can be moved back and forth, valve 31. An outlet of the four-way valve 31 is available

In the housing wall 15 of the housing 11 is a pipe inlet connection with the outlet openings 19 and 20 14 provided with an inlet port. lines 32 and 33 in connection, during the The inlet port 14 can be connected to any conventional pressure medium inlet port 14 through a pipeline til be provided to prevent the inflow of pressurized ao 34 to another outlet of the four-way valve 31 standing gas or other pressure medium that is connected to it. The other side of the four-way housing 11 for reciprocating the piston 13 valve 31 is connected to a pressurized gas source 35 via a to enable. Pipeline 36 and with a conventionally designed

The bore of the inlet port 14 is formed with a throttle 37 and a muffler or

annular groove or chamber 16 in connection, 25 other damper 38 connected in a line 39

which in the housing wall 15 of the bore 12 in the. By using the four-way valve 31 can

Area of the piston 13 is arranged. The groove alternates between the pressurized gas

or Chamber 16 is open to the bore 12 and in front of the outlet openings 19 and 20 or the inlet connection

preferably passed between the ends 17 and 18 of the drilling 14, and the gas in the chambers 25

tion 12 arranged. 30 and 26 can either from the outlet openings 19

On both sides of the annular chamber 16 and 20 or the inlet port 14 or sucked One outlet opening 19 or 20 in each case can be drained off in the housing. To stop the vibrator wall 15 arranged. The outlet ports 19 and 20 will be the actuator for actuating the four-way stand with the bore 12 in connection and valve 31 adjusted, while the piston 13 is still with are found preferably at equally large intervals 35 relatively high frequency running back and forth, from the annular chamber 16. Immediately both outlet ports are pressurized

Two channels 21 and 22 or are set in the piston 13. However, since the piston 13 goes back and forth,

other lines arranged. The channels 21 and is one of the outlet openings usually

22 of the piston are preferably excluded in an L-shape, and at least the other outlet opening forms and are alternately with the annular 40 partially open. Pressurizing both out-chambers 16 and the inlet connection 14 at the inlet openings causes the piston 13 to move from the and proceeding of the piston 13 in the bore 12 in the partially open outlet opening in the direction of the Link. closed outlet opening is driven where the

To seal the ends 17 and 18 of the bore piston 13 instead of in a central dead center 12 are two closure caps or closure- 45 rest will come.

plug 23 and 24 provided. So far it is at Vi- The invention consists in the effectiveness and

brators with pistons that can be moved freely back and forth the working area of a pneumatic vibrator

common to improve the sealing of the ends of the bore in 10 with a freely movable piston,

screw in these plugs. by the sealing caps or sealing plugs

In the bore 12 is between the piston 13 50 23 and 24 in the ends 17 and 18 of the bore 12 and the plug 23 is a pressure medium with a press fit sealingly fitted. The after-chamber 25 provided. A second pressure medium-following description relates only to the Chamber 26 is similarly in the bore 12 plug 23, since both plugs are formed similarly between the piston 13 and the plug. The sealing plug 23 24 provided. The volume of the chambers 25 and 55 has in a preferred embodiment 26 decrease or increase when the one cylindrical plug part 40, the one in front of the piston 13 has certain axial extension on the corresponding stopper, so that he has a

23 or 24 moved to or away from this. maintains a predetermined end distance. As »Endab-Die Chamber 25 stands alternately with the outlet position «becomes the minimum axial distance between opening 19 and the pressure medium inlet port 14 60 which is completely inserted into the bore 12 via the annular chamber 16 and the piston-plug portion 40 and the reciprocating piston channel 21 in connection when the piston 13 13 denotes. After a further execution in the bore 12 moves back and forth. In a similar example, the sealing plug is in one piece The chamber 26 stands alternately with the one with the plug part 40 and a disk 41 Outlet opening 20 and the pressure medium inlet connection 65 larger diameter.

About the annular chamber 16 and the KoI- The cylindrical plug part 40 has a

benkanal 22 in connection. If the piston channel has an outer diameter d that is not smaller than that with the annular chamber 16 and the chamber inner diameter d _{x of} the bore 12. The cylindrical

5 6

the shaped plug part 40 is in the end of the bore away from the plug 23 in the direction of the

17 driven until the disk 41 on the corresponding plug 24.

the outer end 42 of the housing 11 (see. The pressurized gas is in the chamber

Stopper plug indicated by broken lines- 25 pressed when the piston channel opening 21 α again-

position 43). 5 in connection with the annular chamber 16

When the cylindrical plug part 40 enters and the inlet port 14. It builds in Bore 12 is pressed in, it exerts a radial force of further gas pressure in the chamber 25, and against it the inner wall of the bore 12, whereby pressure is correspondingly applied to the piston surface 47 a better sealing of the bore ends is achieved, which is the piston 13 from the closure. This greatly improved seal allows io plug 23 away in the direction of the plug a smaller end distance between the back and 24 drives. In doing so, the inlet plug 14 is again movable piston and the plug part 40, closed when the piston channel opening 21α which results in higher compression speeds in the area of the annular chamber 16 in the bore or higher compression level is running. When the piston moves in the direction of to drive the piston. When the stopper 24 is used, it opens the outlet With the usual threaded plugs, narrow pressure 19 is released and pressurized gas escapes central passages around the screw turns and through the outlet port 19 from the chamber 25. In other parts of the plug body are present, which is similar in this movement of the to a considerable extent the geometric overall piston 13 by its moment of inertia over the volume of the "end distance", which advances when the 20 outlet opening 20 comes to a standstill, whereby the Piston remains at the end of a stroke, enlarge. Chamber 26 is closed. The piston channel-Therefore if the screwed-in plug to be opened 22 a then comes back into connection with aiming pressure remarkably lower. the fluid inlet port 14, and compress

To avoid any possible twisting or axial flow of gas is introduced into the chamber in a similar manner

movement of the cylindrical plug part 40 in the 25 26 pressed. The pressure in the chamber 26 builds up

To prevent bore 12, a pin 44 can be considered to be fast in the further forward movement of the

Safety device be provided. Piston 13 in the direction of the sealing plug

The formation of the outside of the bore 12 24, and the piston channel opening 22 a moves

lying part of the plug 23 is not out of the area of the connection with the flow

essential part of the invention. For example, 30 fluid inlet port 14 can be added. The pressure

the sealing plug 23 as in interrupted effect within the closed chamber 26 in FIG

Lines and indicated by the number 45 in a manner similar to slowing down the speed

be det. Such a trained plug speed of the piston 13 in the direction of the closure

23 can be used to tamp the vibrator 10 24 and then a constantly accelerating

For example, on a conveyor track to be vibrated or 35 inclined return movement of the piston 13 in the direction of

to be attached to a funnel to be vibrated. the sealing plug 23.

If the piston 13 is in such a position, the workflow is repeated when the ment that the piston channel 22 with the inlet port piston channel opening 22 a in connection with the ring-14 is in communication, is pressurized shaped chamber 16 and the inlet port 14 ge-gas extends through the inlet port 14 into the annular 40. In this way, the piston 13 is between Chamber 16 and through the piston channel 22 into the sealing plug parts 40 of the closure chamber 26 headed. With the construction of the gas plug 23 and 24 moved back and forth, pressure in the chamber 26 is applied to the piston area From the previous discussion of the working 46 Pressure exerted by the piston 13 from the reference of the vibrator can be seen that the connection plug 24 in the direction of the opposite 45 and length of the piston channels 21 and 22 in the adjacent Sealing plug 23 drives. The pressure on the annular chamber 16 is great central inlet is when the piston channel opening 22 is α importance. With proper training it will be abaus alternating away from the area of the annular chamber 16, there is only one contact between the two is moved, locked. The piston 13 is one or the other channel 21 or 22 and the Outlet opening 20 free, which with the chamber 26 50 annular chamber 16 when going back and forth of the is in communication, and pressurized gas piston 13 flows in the central part of the housing 11 out of the opening 20. The inertia works. In addition, a connection will then be established of the piston 13 leads this to see the channel 21 or 22 and the annular outer outlet opening 19 also, whereby the chamber 16 when approaching and removing the out mer 25 is closed. The piston channel opening 55 and reciprocating pistons to or from each end 21a moves into the area in which it is connected to each end of the housing 11 or the corresponding Fluid inlet port 14 in connection with the plugs 23 and 24 made. Man comes, causing pressurized gas into the can also find that the effective width closed chamber 25 arrives. In the chamber 25 of the annular chamber 16 and each piston channel builds the pressure increases quickly when the piston 60 opening 21a or 22a in its contact area channel opening 21a must be less than the path that the piston 13 in 13 in the direction of the plug 23 from each of the two directions from the center dead center Area is moved out in which it can be moved with the on-off.

lassstutzen 14 is in communication. In practical experiments it was found that

The pressure in the chamber 25 continues to increase and the pressed-in sealing plugs are particularly good for 65

slows the movement of the piston 13 are suitable in ever smaller vibrators, namely for vibra-

increasing extent and eventually causes a gate that has a piston diameter of less than

have constantly accelerated return movement of the piston 13 42 mm.

The following table contains a comparison between vibrators with conventional screwed-in sealing plugs (Column A) and the vibrators proposed according to the invention with pressed-in sealing plugs (Column B). It became a definite one Line pressure applied to two similarly designed vibrators, one of which screwed in vibrator (A) Sealing plugs and the other vibrator (B) had pressed-in sealing plugs. The number the vibrations per minute was recorded and this comparison became the percentage the increase in the frequency of the vibrations, when using the stopper proposed according to the invention determined, presented in tabular form.

Line pressure, Piston movement frequency
per minute ^B. Percentage
rise (kg / cm2) A. 4220 2.8 3440 4640 22.7 3.5 3640 5070 27.5 4.2 3830 5550 32.4 4.9 4000 6060 38.7 5.6 4100 6600 47.8 6.3 4180 58.0

From this table it can be seen that for a given line pressure, the vibration energy of the Vibrators when using pressed-in plugs to seal the ends of the bore for the reciprocating piston can be increased many times. It can also be seen that the vibration frequency can also be greatly enlarged, whereby better results can be achieved.

If the sealing of the chambers located at the housing ends takes place as described above, becomes that which remains between the end of the piston and the plug associated with it Volume referred to as the "end distance". All openings of the housing that are closed to or from this Lead chamber are separated from the same. Because of the higher compression speed there is an increased slowing down of the movement of the piston on the sealing plug in question to and an increased acceleration of the piston movement of these plugs scored away. The vibrator for which the proposed sealing plugs are intended differs from known vibrators, since with these known vibrators a pressure only in the size of the Line pressure of the gas, the piston hits the nearest end face of the sealing plug prevented. In the proposed vibrators, the movement of the piston over the "end distance" after closing the chamber in question into the stopper on the the next lying position of the piston compresses the gas significantly above the line pressure, since there is no possibility of recirculating the gas into the line or of an outflow of the Gas into the surrounding atmosphere. The vibrators designed in a known manner allow not the generation and application of forces in a surprisingly high range like the vibrators proposed according to the invention.

The length of the longitudinally extending inner channels 21 and 22 of the piston 13 is in all Cases greater than half the piston length and less than about three quarters of the piston length. Through the described The design and arrangement of the inner channels extends the piston stroke to a point and thereby achieved a correspondingly large acceleration, which in connection with the The piston mass creates enough inertial force to keep the gas in the end chambers up to one not to compress the degree achieved and thereby to increase the ίο power generation of the vibrator.

If the inner lines are longer than about three quarters of the piston length, the piston stroke will before the introduction of gas under line pressure so long that the piston either touches the stopper or, if the cylinder is long enough, the rear end of the piston over the annular, with the inlet port communicating chamber 16 runs out, whereby the piston 13 in his one extreme position stops and is held. Therefore, the point at which the inner channels of the piston are led to the surface of the piston, important for determining the Piston stroke and the "end distance" in the pressure chamber after it is closed. The size the end distance after closing the pressure chamber in question determines the compression of the gas and thus the force and frequency of the vibrator. These characteristics can be reasonable within Limits can be changed depending on the length of the piston and its force requirements depend.

The end distance between the piston and the relevant plug after locking the corresponding pressure chamber is preferably in the range of at least 5% of the piston length to to a distance which is less than the length of the piston reduced by the sum of the length an inner piston channel plus the width of the annular chamber 16 in the housing wall 15 is.

Also is the sum of the width of a channel opening, for example the channel opening 21a, which is to the in the axial direction extending piston channel, for example the channel 21, leads, and the width of the the annular chamber 16 leading to the inlet connection 14 is preferably less than the axial extent the chamber fed by this inlet port, this latter extension is measured in the neutral position.

These relationships should be maintained, regardless of whether there is only an annular chamber or whether two such chambers are provided. When the piston 13 and the housing 11 taking into account These boundary conditions are formed, locking or holding the piston in a Extreme position not possible. Rather, the best results with regard to the force generated and the frequency.

The arrangement of the outlet openings opposite the piston is of certain importance, but not critical. When the piston is in the neutral position, i.e. H. in its center dead center located opposite the inlet port and outlet ports, the outlet ports should be for best Results will be closed. In other words, the distance between each outermost points of the outlet openings must not be greater than approximately the length of the piston.

These openings can also be at a distance from one another which is somewhat less than the length of the piston although the distance should not deviate significantly from the piston length. The distance, by which the openings are moved together should not be greater than the end distance between the Be the piston and the closest stopper. If the outlet openings too much over the Measure of the "end distance" are moved against each other, the inlet chamber 16, which leads to the piston channels leads to come into direct contact with an outlet opening, whereby a premature pressure reduction at the end of the pressure chambers and a corresponding loss of power occurs. Using of pistons with a diameter of 19 mm and a length of 50.8 mm, for example, the Diameter of the inlet opening in the piston channel and the width of the annular, to the inlet port of the housing leading chamber be about 3.175 mm. The total distance between the outlet ao Openings should be exactly the length of the piston, and the "end distance" between the piston and the closest plug should be about 5.556 mm.

Due to the features described above as a vibrator is created that works with a reciprocating, powered by compressed gas Piston is provided and press-fitted with the new and unexpected results by using Sealing plugs for sealing the ends of the cylinder bore receiving the piston be achieved.

Claims (3)

Patent claims: 1. Pneumatically driven vibrator with a free in a housing with an axial bore and movable pistons for transmitting vibrations to any device, the housing having inlet and outlet openings for the pressure medium and at its ends is closed with a stopper, characterized in that each stopper (23, 24) for sealing the ends (17, 18) of the bore (12) with a cylindrical plug part (40), the outer diameter (d) of which is not smaller than the inner diameter (^ ₁ ) of the bore (12), is driven into the bore in such a way that it exerts a radial compressive force on the bore wall. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the insertable plug part (40) Means (45) for attaching the vibrator to the one to be vibrated or vibrated has to be relocated part. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cylindrical Plug part (40) a shoulder (41) for placing on the ends (17, 18) of the vibrator housing (11) has to the insertion of the cylindrical plug part in the bore (12) with a precise the specified length. Considered publications:
French Patent No. 827,206;
U.S. Patents Nos. 2,590,155, 2,781,742,
2787251,3139 007. 1 sheet of drawings 809 628/1469 10.68 © Bundesdruckerei Berlin