DE1207316B - Hydraulic pit ram - Google Patents

Description

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

GERMAN

PATENT OFFICE

EDITORIAL

Int. α .:

E21d

German class: 5c-10/01

Number: 1207 316

File number: B 40014 VI a / 5 c

Filing date: April 26, 1956

Opening day: December 23, 1965

The invention relates to a hydraulic pit ram, the pressure chamber of which is also a pressure relief valve Acting spring-loaded pre-relief valve (auxiliary valve) with a small opening cross-section and a pressure reducing valve loaded by the liquid pressure and a spring force in the closing direction large opening cross-section (main valve) are assigned, which are from the outside of the stamp can be actuated by means of an operating lever. This known arrangement has the Advantage that when stealing the stamp first through the auxiliary valve, which is due to its low Opening cross-section can be opened with little effort, a pressure relief in the pressure chamber can be brought about. Then the main valve, which leads to the pressure chamber of the ram opens, despite its large opening cross-section, also with little effort to open. The large opening cross-section of the main valve ensures rapid outflow the hydraulic fluid from the pressure chamber of the stamp. In a known hydraulic pit ram of this type, the auxiliary valve is located within the sleeve-shaped shut-off body of the main valve and to this arranged coaxially. The shut-off bodies of the auxiliary valve and main valve are through one of the Outside of the ram, the coupling rods to be actuated are coupled to one another with axial play in such a way that that first the auxiliary valve and then the main valve can be opened, whereby the Coupling rod is firmly connected to the shut-off body of the auxiliary valve, while it is opposite the Shut-off body of the main valve is longitudinally displaceable by a limited amount by stops. as The valve housing is used here on the end face of the inner ram facing the ram pressure chamber arranged piston, which the pressure chamber of the outer ram opposite that as a storage container serving interior of the inner stamp completes. To the auxiliary valve both as overpressure and Being able to use it as a pre-relief valve is both its shut-off body and its seat each loaded by a compression spring, so that when the maximum allowable pressure is exceeded in the Pressure chamber of the ram the seat of the auxiliary valve from the shut-off body in the direction of the liquid pressure lifts off, while by means of one to be actuated from the outside of the ram, of several Lever existing linkage to pre-relieve the pressure chamber of the shut-off valve of the auxiliary valve can be lifted off its seat in the opposite direction.

Hydraulic pit ram

Applicant:

Bochum ironworks Heintzmann & Co.,

Bochum, Blücherstr. 33

Named as inventor:

Dipl.-Ing. Hans Friedrich Heintzmann, Bochum

Claimed priority:

Austria from May 6, 1955 (A 2637/55)

In this known hydraulic pit ram, the following functions are: overpressure protection, Preliminary relief and robbery, although only two shut-off bodies and two valve seats are available, but will the dual function of the combined pre-relief and pressure relief valve is only achieved in that both the shut-off body and the valve seat of this combined valve are each arranged to be axially displaceable and are loaded by a separate spring. In addition, this has a dual function exercising auxiliary valve from numerous, quite complicated and trained with great precision processing individual parts, which not only cause considerable production costs, but also the entire Make valve construction very prone to failure. Except these two combined Valves is also a complete third valve in the known pit punch, namely a filling valve is required in order to be able to set this stamp at all.

The special design of the auxiliary and main valve, only the functions: Protection against overpressure, pre-unloading and robbery, enabling valve combination of the known Design leads to such large dimensions that they are practically only arranged in the plunger piston leaves. As a result, this known valve combination is not accessible from the outside of the ram and practically underground, at least in the face, can neither be maintained nor repaired, so that with the slightest disturbance to the known valve arrangement or to each maintenance and overhaul of the whole Stamp removed and transported to underground or surface repair shops got to. There the stamp has to be dismantled in a laborious way, in order to be able to use it at all

509 759/91

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to the valves arranged inside the stamp, which can be easily accessed from the outside, so that every overhaul, maintenance side of the stamp can be attached so that it always stays and repair of the valves is a great deal of work and is easily accessible and, as a result, easily serviced Time expenditure caused. Apart from this, as well as in case of need, repairs or over-through the large dimensions that can be easily installed and removed in the interior of the sea The stamp provided valves can also take the weight of the valve. As a result, it is in accordance with the present invention Stamp enlarged in a disadvantageous manner. proposed stamp is easily possible, the

Another disadvantage of this known stamp consists of all the valves associated with the stamp pressure space in that the pre-relief valve not only tile-receiving valve housing in place by the closing force of a spring, but also to be expanded underground and against a new valve to be replaced by the pressure cartridge in the pressure chamber, which can be done in a few simple steps medium pressure is loaded in the closing direction, so that when done within a very short period of time not only can open the pre-relief valve. In addition, the pre-closing force according to the invention the closing spring, but also the struck valve combination due to their very similar acting in the closing direction pressure medium 15 wrestle dimensions and their correspondingly small pressure has to be overcome. As a result, weight is also without difficulty when necessary Open this pre-relief valve to transport a relatively in narrow pit spaces and - so far moderately large force required, so that it is practically necessary - for repair or overhaul after it is impossible to bring this pre-relief valve through for days.

to operate a remote control and consequently the 20 The valve assembly proposed according to the invention, the entire valve assembly of this known stamp assembly is also much simpler in its Unusable for a fully mechanized longwall construction, consists of a much smaller Anbar is. In addition, for this reason there must be a number of individual parts and, moreover, essential Opening of the pre-relief valve used gears to be machined with great accuracy rod obtained a very stable training and a 25 surfaces on known than the one discussed above larger number of inside and outside of the design. This not only results in significant stamps arranged levers and rods include lower manufacturing costs, but also a substantial one It is not only the structure of the stamp that offers greater robustness and insensitivity to ter complicated, but also its manufacture against mechanical stresses and corrosion expensive and its weight is increased. 30 and rusting, so that the valve assembly after

This known valve arrangement is according to the invention just for use under the in accordance with the fact that the shut-off body of the rough working conditions of the underground pit at the same time as an overpressure and pre-relief valve operation is much better suited than the acting Auxiliary valve from the fluid pressure in the aisle treated complicated and prone to failure Pressure space in the direction of opening and the shut-off body 35 valve combination.

A further advantage of the hydraulic pit ram, which according to the invention is struck by the fluid pressure in the pressure chamber, is loaded in the closing direction and that the coupling is that the shut-off body of the pre-relief linkage consists of a single, coaxial to the shut-off valve is held only by the closing force of a spring in the bodies of the main and auxiliary valve arranged 40 closed position, while the pressure-integral coupling rod exists, which protrudes with its medium pressure in the pressure chamber of the stamp on this one end of the stamp, while the shut-off body acts in the opening direction. When opening the opposite end of the shut-off valve of this pre-relief valve is therefore only the main valve to a limited extent in axial direction - the difference between the longitudinally displaceable coupling of the closing spring in the device on both sides and the force exerted with 45 closing senses and the pressure of the middle length range of the shut-off body in mean pressure Opening sense exerted force is connected to the auxiliary valve. This results in overcoming, so that a relatively low force initially results in the advantage that for a total of four functions it is sufficient to relieve the pressure space beforehand: filling, protection against overpressure, pre-supply. If there is a preliminary relief of pressure relief and robbery, only two valves with two overburden, then one can also be required with a rela locking body, two valve seats and two valve springs, while the known flow cross-section is much larger Owning design three complete valves with shut-off devices, opening robbery valve. As a result, valve seats and valve springs are necessary, with the punch proposed according to the invention without far also the auxiliary 55 having a double function possible, with the help of electrical, hydraulic valve must be equipped with two valve springs. or pneumatic remote controls to carry out a Vorent-Apart from the saving of a complete load and then a complete pressure relief valve and an additional valve spring against the pressure chamber, in other words a robbery of the known valve arrangement is characterized by the stamp, with also the one proposed according to the invention hydraulic 60 for the actuation of pre-relief and robbery valve pit ram from the fact that the remaining serving rods can maintain a very light training both valves in their training and can also be operated by hand with a very varied and consequently much easier and less effort .
are cheaper to manufacture than with the known. Another advantage is that the inventive design is the case. As a result of their extraordinarily proposed hydraulic pit ram - in the multiple design, the invention can also be used in one design - in contrast to the known valve combination discussed at the beginning - for the actuation of the auxiliary and robbery valve housing valve, which has very small dimensions, with a single one-piece coupling rod

comes from, which can be dimensioned much lighter and also much less prone to failure is than the relatively complicated lever linkage, which in the known design for the actuation of the Main and auxiliary valves are required. To operate the valves for the purpose of pressure reduction only needs the one-piece operating rod in To be shifted longitudinally, whereby inevitably first the auxiliary valve and then the main valve can be opened. This actuation of the main and auxiliary valve can be easily done also perform remotely by means of a rope, which is the case with the known method discussed at the beginning Design is at least associated with considerable difficulties.

In another, prior art valve arrangement, are within the shut-off body a Hauptverrtils burdened only by the pressure medium pressure in the pressure chamber in the closing direction a pressure relief valve and a pre-relief valve formed separately therefrom are arranged. That Relief valve can here from the pressure in the pressure chamber of the ram either in the opening or be loaded in the closing direction, while also the shut-off body of the pre-relief valve by at least a closing spring is loaded in the closing direction. The one arranged separately from this pre-relief valve Pressure relief valve has a special closing spring, while besides these three with each other combined valves (pre-relief valve, pressure relief valve and robbery valve) a fourth valve, namely a filling valve is required for setting the stamp.

The pre-relief valve and the robbery valve of this known valve arrangement are through one of several Levers and rods of the existing coupling linkage coupled together in such a way that initially can open the auxiliary valve and then the main valve.

This known design differs from the valve combination proposed according to the invention initially by the fact that the pre-relief valve and pressure relief valve are two completely separate from each other Valves are, with neither the pre-relief valve nor the pressure relief valve being coaxial with the pressure reducing valve large opening cross-section are arranged. Also, unlike that valve proposed according to the invention - in this known type the pressure reducing valve large opening cross-section only due to the hydraulic fluid pressure in the pressure chamber, but not held in the closed position by an additional spring force. Apart from the fact that with this well-known Design also does not include the shut-off bodies of the auxiliary and main valve through the coupling rod axial play are coupled to one another, the coupling rod consists of several mutually perpendicular Directions mutually displaceable parts. A coaxial arrangement of the coupling linkage to the shut-off bodies of the main and Auxiliary valve is not only not provided in this known design, but also because of the special Formation and arrangement of the various valves not possible. Furthermore, this is possible the valve assembly belonging to the art does not have a one-piece coupling rod, which with its one end protrudes from the punch, while the other end of the shut-off body of the main valve coupled and connected with its middle length range of the shut-off body of the auxiliary valve is.

In this known design, the technical complexity is compared to that proposed according to the invention Valve combination even larger than in the case of the valve design discussed at the beginning, since her for each of the four functions: filling, backup

ίο against overpressure, pre-relieving and robbing, a separate one Valve, d. H. a total of four complete valves are required, so that for example four individual valve seats have to be ground in, which in itself is a considerable additional expense compared to the valve arrangement proposed according to the invention means that with two valve seats is sufficient for the aforementioned four functions. All known in connection with the one discussed at the beginning Design mentioned disadvantages in terms of

ao considerable dimensions, weight, difficulty and cost of manufacture and repair and maintenance also apply without restriction to the valve combination described above, which is also practically only in the ram piston, d. H. in a completely inaccessible place in the Inside the stamp, can be arranged.

A particular disadvantage of the stamp construction described above is its very complex lever system consisting of many individual parts for actuating the pre-relief and robbery valve, which protects against mechanical stresses as well as against corrosion and rust formation very sensitive as a result of which it is hardly suitable for use in underground mining operations parts of this lever system can easily jam or rust, as a result of which the entire stamp becomes inoperable.

Another disadvantage of this valve arrangement is that the shut-off body of the main valve is held in the closed position only by the pressure medium pressure in the pressure chamber and that No spring elements od. The like. Are provided that ensure that this shut-off body - for example after a previous pressure relief of the stamp or at the beginning of setting - is in its closed position. Rather, this shut-off body must be used when the stamp is set due to the relatively large-sized lever linkage consisting of several individual parts in his Be held in the closed position and locked in this before setting the stamp or the feed can be started by hydraulic fluid in the pressure chamber. This known valve arrangement is therefore completely unsuitable for such hydraulic pit rams, those for mechanized longwall mining used or by means of an electrical, pneumatic or hydraulic remote control should be operated.

Compared to this and the known type dealt with at the outset, the type according to the invention is distinguished proposed valve arrangement not only by a much simpler structure, a much smaller and lighter construction, much lower manufacturing costs and a much lower one Susceptibility to failure, but also has a significantly greater operational reliability compared to this and can be operated with much simpler means and less force than is the case with the known

ten valve combinations is the case. In addition, the valve arrangement according to the invention can be essential easier and faster to assemble and dismantle, one at practically any point install hydraulic pit ram and for the purpose of monitoring or repair with a few Replace the handles with another, appropriately designed valve combination. A a very particular advantage of the pit punch proposed according to the invention is that that all the valves assigned to the ram pressure chamber are within a common valve housing arranged and combined into a compact structural unit that can be installed and removed as a whole that can be set up in a few simple steps within a very short time, even in particularly difficult working conditions can be installed and removed on site underground. Main and auxiliary valve can as a result their particularly simple and only very small dimensions requiring structure easily in a valve housing designed like a valve, which is located on the outer circumference of the Stamp can be attached. The formation of the stamp is hereby significantly simplified because Inner and outer stamp can be produced without complicated internals.

In an expedient embodiment of the invention is the end of the coupling rod facing the main valve with a piston-like design Coupling approach provided, which in a provided in the shut-off body of the main valve, chamber-like Cavity is guided with axial play. This results in a particularly compact and compact Design of the valve combination proposed according to the invention, which allows it to be accommodated in allows a common valve housing of very small dimensions.

It is advisable to equip the coupling of the shut-off bodies of both valves with such a clearance, that both the auxiliary valve without opening the main valve and the main valve without opening let the auxiliary valve open. This ensures that when the maximum permissible pressure is exceeded in the pressure chamber of the ram, the shut-off body of the auxiliary valve is independent of the hydraulic fluid pressure Move the loaded shut-off element of the main valve in the opening direction can. On the other hand, in this design, the coupling between the main and auxiliary valve the main valve doubles as a check valve for a hydraulic fluid line leading to the pressure chamber use, because with a corresponding increase in pressure in this line, the shut-off body of the main valve lift off its seat surface without influencing the auxiliary valve and the hydraulic fluid can pass into the pressure chamber of the stamp.

In the drawings, the invention is illustrated using an exemplary embodiment. It shows

1 shows a hydraulic pit ram in longitudinal section,

F i g. 2 a side view,

F i g. 3 shows a cross section along line III-III of Fi τ 1

F i g. Figures 4 to 7 show an embodiment of the valves in several positions on a larger scale.

The pit punch consists of a tubular outer punch 1 serving as a pressure cylinder and a tubular inner punch 2, guided in this longitudinally displaceable manner, which leads to the pressure chamber of the outer die 1 is designed to be open. At the upper end of the outer die 1 is a closure cap 3 attached, in which the inner punch 2 is sealingly guided. Below the cap 3 One or more seals 6 lying on the outer circumference of the inner punch can be provided be. At the open end of the inner punch facing the pressure chamber of the outer punch 1 2, a collar-like guide ring 4 is attached, which consists of an elastically deformable Material, e.g. B. hard rubber, and on the inner circumference of the outer punch 1 leads.

The outer diameter of the inner punch 2 is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer punch 1 dimensioned so that an annular gap 7 remains between the two die halves. In the am The lower end of the inner punch 2 arranged guide ring 4, cutouts 5 are provided, which a passage of the pressure fluid from the annular space 7 into the existing below the guide ring 4 Allow the interior of the outer die 1 and the interior of the inner die 2. aside from that is the annular space 7 with the interior of the inner punch connected by a radial bore 11 provided in the wall of the inner punch 2. Through the radial bore 11, when the inner plunger 2 is pushed out, the hydraulic fluid is used maximum achievable pull-out length of the punch is limited. As soon as the inner punch 2 is extended so far is that the radial bore 11 is located above the cap 3, the pressure fluid exit from the pressure chamber of the punch through the bore 11 into the longwall chamber. Through this it is achieved that the guide ring 4 does not touch the even when the inner punch 2 is fully extended Seals 6 of the cap 3 comes to rest.

In the embodiment shown in the drawing, the entire interior of the Stamp as a pressure chamber, which - as FIG. 2 shows - via a connecting line 35 - for example from a pressurized water line in the face - pressurized fluid is supplied from the outside will. The pressure fluid line 35 is connected to the one shown in FIGS. 4 to 7 shown T-shaped valve housing 22 connected, which is fastened in a bore 8 provided at the upper end of the outer die 1 is. In the head plate 9 of the in F i g. 1 hydraulic pit ram is a vent hole 10 provided, which through a screw plug or a to the inside of the punch opening valve can be closed.

Like F i g. 1 shows, the head plate 9 is connected to the foot plate 15 of the outer punch by an elastic Band 12 (z. B. made of rubber) connected, which engages the holders 16 and 17. This volume 12 serves as a restoring element which, after relieving the stamp, automatically moves the inner stamp 2 into the Outside stamp.

As shown in FIGS. 4 to 7, the valve housing 22 has the shape of an approximately T-shaped Branch piece, in its coaxially arranged connection piece, the seat surface 23 for the shut-off body 24 of the main valve and the valve seat 26 for the shut-off body 27 of the auxiliary valve are. The approximately vertical connection piece of the valve

housing 22 is screwed into the bore 8 of the outer die 1 and stands over the annular space 7 with the pressure chamber of the stamp in connection.

The conical shut-off body 24 des The main valve is pressed against the valve seat 23 by a compression spring 25. In addition, the shut-off body 24 loaded by the prevailing liquid pressure in the pressure chamber of the ram in the closing direction. The main valve 23, 24 has a much larger opening cross-section than the auxiliary valve 26, 27, whose shut-off body 27, which is also conical in shape, is pressed against its seat by a compression spring 28 is pressed. The shut-off body 27 of the auxiliary valve is different in the opening direction from that in the pressure chamber of the ram prevailing fluid pressure loaded, so that if a is exceeded, if necessary adjustable maximum pressure in the inner ram, the shut-off body 27 against the restoring force the compression spring 28 lifts off the seat surface 26. The auxiliary valve 26,27 thus acts as a pressure relief valve, which through holes provided in the valve housing 22 pressurized fluid escape into the face leaves.

The supply and discharge line is located on the connecting piece of the valve housing 22 which receives the main valve 23, 24 35 connected for the hydraulic fluid. By increasing the fluid pressure in the connecting line 35 of the closing body 24 of the main valve of its seat 23 against the Spring force of the spring 25 lifted so that the hydraulic fluid from the connecting line 35 via the Annular space 7 can enter the interior of the hydraulic ram. If the Pressure in the hydraulic fluid supply line 35, the valve 23, 24 is closed again by the compression spring 25.

The shut-off body 24 of the main valve and the shut-off body 27 of the auxiliary valve are im Valve housing 22 longitudinally displaceably guided rod 29, 30 coupled to one another while leaving a play. The shut-off body 27 of the auxiliary valve is fixedly arranged on the rod 29, 30, during the Shut-off body 24 of the main valve on the end section 30 of the coupling rod by means of stops limited extent is guided longitudinally. For this purpose, the one facing the main valve End of the coupling rod 29,30 a piston-like extension 31 attached, which in a chamber-like, closed by a cover 33 cavity 32 of the shut-off body 24 out with play is. The end of the coupling rod 29, 30 facing away from the main valve is out of the valve housing 22 and serves as a control lever for opening the auxiliary and main valve. To that after outside guided ends of the coupling rod 29,30 can be suitable means for actuating the valves (Wedges, rods, levers or the like) can be connected.

As FIG. 5 shows, when both valves are in the closed position, between the underside of the piston-like Approach 31 and the bottom surface of the recess 32 have a relatively large game, so that - like F i g. 4 shows - the valve 23, 24 is shown by increasing the pressure in the connection line 35 can be fully opened without influencing the auxiliary valve 26, 27 remaining in the closed position.

The game between the top of the piston-like extension 31 of the coupling rod 29,30 and the The stop surface formed by the cover 33 is dimensioned so that - as FIG. 6 shows - when exceeded of the maximum permissible pressure inside the ram, the auxiliary valve 26, 27 is also independent from the main valve 23, 24 opens.

Through this existing between the piston-like extension and the cover 33 of the shut-off body 24 Game still results in the possibility of initially stealing the stamp by lightly Raising the rod-like operating lever 29, 30 to open the auxiliary valve 26,27 and relieve pressure bring about inside the hydraulic ram. Since the opening of the auxiliary valve 26, takes place in the direction of the liquid pressure, only a small force is required for this. To Elimination of the liquid pressure inside the stamp can be - as shown in FIG. 7 can be seen - through further lifting of the operating rod 29, 30 of the shut-off body 24 of the main valve from its seat 23 lift off with little force, so that the pressure fluid from the inside of the stamp via the with A main valve 23, 24 equipped with a large opening cross-section quickly enters the connecting line 35 can flow back and ensures a rapid sinking of the inner punch 2 into the outer punch 1 is.

Claims (3)

Patent claims: 1. Hydraulic pit ram, the pressure chamber of which also acts as a pressure relief valve Spring-loaded pre-relief valve (auxiliary valve) small opening crossways and a closed This coaxially arranged, by the liquid pressure and a spring force in the closing direction loaded pressure reducing valve with a large opening cross-section (main valve) are assigned, their shut-off bodies are coupled to one another in this way by a coupling rod to be actuated from the outside of the ram with axial play are that first the auxiliary valve and then the main valve can be opened, wherein the coupling linkage is firmly connected to the shut-off body of the auxiliary valve, while it compared to the shut-off body of the main valve by a limit limited by stops Is longitudinally displaceable, characterized in that the shut-off body (27) of the Auxiliary valve from the fluid pressure, which acts simultaneously as a pressure relief valve and a pre-relief valve in the pressure chamber (25) in the direction of opening and the shut-off body (24) of the at the same time as filling and the main valve acting on the robbery valve from the liquid pressure in the pressure chamber (25) in the closing direction is loaded and that the coupling rod consists of a single, coaxial to the shut-off bodies of the main and auxiliary valve (24, 27) arranged one-piece coupling rod (30), which with its one end (29) protrudes from the punch, while with its opposite End (31) of the shut-off body of the main valve (24) by a limited amount in the axial direction Coupled to be longitudinally displaceable on both sides and the shut-off body with its middle length range of the auxiliary valve (27) is connected. 2. Pit punch according to claim 1, characterized in that the facing the main valve End of the coupling rod with a piston-like coupling shoulder (31) is provided, which in one in the shut-off body 509 759/91 the main valve (24) provided chamber-like cavity (32) guided with axial play is. 3. Pit punch according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the coupling of the shut-off body (24,27) of both valves has such a play that both the auxiliary valve (26,27) without opening the main valve (23,24) and allow the main valve (23, 24) to open without opening the auxiliary valve (26, 27). Considered publications: German Patent Specifications Nos. 928 945, 973 341. 1 sheet of drawings 509 759/91 12.65 © Bundesdruckerei Berlin