DE1205995B - Heat-insulated container for storing low-boiling liquefied gases - Google Patents

Description

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

GERMAN

PATENT OFFICE

EDITORIAL

Int. α .:

F 25 j

German class: 17g-4

Number: 1205 995

File number: C164621 a / 17 g

Filing date: March 12, 1958

Opening day: December 2, 1965

The invention relates to a thermally insulated container for storing low-boiling, liquefied Gases, especially natural gas or methane, at around atmospheric pressure with an outer support wall and a plurality of plates of heat insulating material, which are arranged on the inside of the support wall and completely cover them.

Are liquefied gases with very low temperatures down to -195 ° C and less in containers of this type stored, there is a strong temperature gradient between the outer wall of the container and its inside on. The inner wall itself is also correspondingly large between filling and emptying Exposed to temperature fluctuations. As a result, the individual wall panels are severely deformed, which in turn exposes the insulating layers to high stresses. With known containers this type of insulation can therefore cause cracks to form.

These cracks in turn lead to an undesirable loss of insulation and to hypothermia of the support structure, which is usually made of structural steel and is arranged on the outside of the container, whereby whose aging is accelerated and its notch toughness is reduced.

Now containers are already known in which an all-metal insert to accommodate the liquefied gas is arranged within an insulating wall and separated from it. With this one Containers should only show the deformations on the insert, which is preferably made of aluminum, affect and not on the insulating wall. Containers of this type have the disadvantage that they on the one hand are expensive and on the other hand there are difficulties in using the insulating wall to connect so that the entire container is transportable. As a transport container, this is therefore Arrangement unsuitable.

The transport issue is particularly important in the case of large-capacity containers, which are used, for example, in ships should be and must be firmly connected to the ship's hull, difficult to solve.

Due to their connection with the ship's hull when the ship is being built, these containers are all deformations of the ship during its voyage. The additional forces occurring here make alongside The thermal stresses make these containers particularly susceptible to damage. It is therefore so far too have not yet succeeded in producing large-volume containers of this type in a satisfactory manner.

Now a container of the type mentioned is already known in which the wall panels of heat-insulated containers for storage
low-boiling liquefied gases

Applicant:

Conch International Methane Limited,

Nassau, Bahamas (UK)

Representative:

Dr.-Ing. H. Ruschke and Dipl.-Ing. H. Agular,

Patent Attorneys, Munich 27, Pienzenauer Str. 2

Named as inventor:

Cornelius DeRonde Dosker, Louisville, Ky.

(V. St. A.)

Claimed priority:

V. St. v. America March 14, 1957 (646 001)

are glued together in their butt joints. However, this bond is neither sufficiently heat-elastic Connection is still a connection, the additional deformation stresses like them described above has grown.

Furthermore, this known container does not have a metal insert for receiving the liquefied gas on. Rather, the liquid is in direct contact with the insulating wall. However, this has been the case proved to be disadvantageous in practice, because the insulation began to warp and after a short time peel off. As a result, the liquid soon came into contact with the outer lining layers. In addition, it has been found that it is difficult to actually make the insulation liquid-tight. It has been shown that even after the first use of such a container partially There were leaks in the insulation.

The invention is based on the object of providing a container which has the aforementioned disadvantages does not have and in which this results from the temperature fluctuations between filling and emptying of the liquid as well as the deformation and sealing problem resulting from the additional mechanical load is satisfactorily resolved.

According to the invention this object is achieved in that the plates by means of bolts on the Support wall attached and at their joints through

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3 4

the circumferential surfaces of the plates provided you only little throws what are sealed for the inventive contours and that a closed struktion is of particular interest.
Liner impermeable to liquids and gases. According to a special embodiment of the grounding front surfaces of the plates and their joint according to the invention, the screw bolts are attached. 5 passed tightly through the back layer. The construction according to the invention means that it is sufficient for the container as a whole to have access to high construction bores, which is tightly closed by stoppers. The individual storage of the plates are non-barren, the material of which corresponds to the material that is subdivided into all thermal plates depending on one another. This configuration and bracing and mechanical stresses in the sealing of the bolt holes make it possible on the one hand to set local sizes that can easily be taken up without damage, the individual plates independently of one another on the men. To fix the design of the joints and supporting wall, on the other hand, however, the introduction of the seal prevents the penetration of the contents of the container into the bores with stored liquid and enables working safety to be excluded.

the construction without the risk of liquid 15. The peripheral surface of the intermediate layer also seeps through the container wall. provided with at least one endless groove, the plates preferably having a front layer, the groove preferably closer to the back layer, a strong back layer and an intermediate layer located between these layers as arranged on the front layer of the plate. These grooves are used to accommodate Dichtunporösem, heat-insulating material with the 20 gen. It is more beneficial to move the groove closer to the back and the back layer connected to the side layer of the plate, because the rear is, with at least one hole through the Section of the plate is attached to the support wall, plates from the front to the back layer while the remainder of the plate is free and stretches. The liner takes on the largest it can contract and expand at will. Part of the desired thermal insulation, the rear side 25 The joints are therefore in the vicinity of the rear side layer ensures the structural strength, due to the base layer work less,
Each plate of which can be attached to the supporting structure independently, and the front layer of the plates and the cavities between the grooves and the strength of the rear side, limiting the contraction of the 30 surfaces and the supporting wall with a sealant intermediate layer and makes the front filler if necessary. This type of sealing is liquid-tight on the process surface of the plates, in order to prevent the penetration of the sealing material in a technically more favorable manner than the insertion of preformed stored liquid into the plate.

to the. The drilling holes leading through all the layers are preferably made of holes and are used to pass through screwing strips which are only glued in place in the region of their longitudinal edges for the purpose of fastening the plate to the support. These stretch marks will wall. the joint space is reliably closed without the intermediate layer preferably consisting of the expansion and contraction of the plate-cell-like material between the front and front side under the influence of temperature back-side layers and is affected by fluctuations in the side walls,
closed. By using such a material, according to a particularly proven embodiment, it is possible to achieve a particularly low thermal conductivity coefficient of the stretch marks in the longitudinal direction, and the indentations which lie in joint grooves, the encapsulation prevents gas from escaping on the front surfaces of the plates are attached, the thermal insulation layer as well as the penetration 45 By this interlocking of plate surfaces gene of liquid or gas in the and stretch marks is a good anchoring material. the stretch marks ensured.

As the material for the front and back sides, the stretch marks preferably overlap layers has a temperature-balanced barrier with their longitudinal edges sealing, whereby the wood particularly proven. Such plywood has 50 overlapping edges between the joints of the the property that with a three-day material there are plates and the stretch marks over the the two outer layers in the direction of the fibers have a joint with a lower elongation protruding as longitudinal folds Have heat contraction than the middle sections. You can also move the stretch layer in the same direction, but the strips are covered by additional stretch marks both cover layers are so strong that 55 be.

the contraction of the middle layer to only one order to seal the groove interfaces at the

To ensure contraction of the cover layers in a Rieh panel corners - this area is for

direction parallel to the longitudinal direction of the fibers of the outer layer - the seal is quite critical - is after a

ten leads. Conversely, the heat contraction of the further feature of the invention is provided that the

Middle layer in the direction of its longitudinal fibers less than 60 groove intersections at the panel corners to one

than that of the top layers in the same direction. Bore are expanded along with the front

Usually, the thickness of the middle layer is two - the hole ending stretch marks by one

times chosen as large as that of the cover layers, so the cover plate is covered. For this purpose it is

that the contraction of the cover layers is particularly favorable, the cover plate in the middle with a

only to a contraction of the middle layer in 65 bulges protruding into the bore and four

a direction parallel to the longitudinal direction of the fibers from the bulge to the edge

Middle class leads. Such plywood has to be provided with the notches that cut into the

The advantage that the joint grooves protrude under thermal stresses. Particularly proven

In this context, there is another one at the bulge between two expansion notches To arrange expansion notch. With this formation of the groove intersections, a perfect seal is achieved the plate wall is also guaranteed against the ingress of the container contents at this point.

The linings are preferably made of plastic, in particular of a cast, with Synthetic resin-impregnated fabric or woven or non-woven fabric impregnated with an epoxy resin Fiberglass. Linings of this type combine good mechanical resistance high chemical resistance and are also easy to manufacture and apply.

However, the linings can also be made of metal, in particular aluminum, which is in the Can be advantageous in terms of weight and coefficient of thermal expansion.

The long edges of the stretch marks can also introduced to or instead of their gluing to the front layer of the panels and be anchored there, which increases the durability of their attachment.

According to another embodiment of the invention, a wedge is in the abutment groove with his the side edge facing the front surfaces of the panels, while the rear section of the Wedge rests freely in the groove. The wedge is expediently made up of two separate wedge-shaped pieces formed, which are interconnected by a spacer that runs between them along their is glued to narrower sections. Such wedges fill by following the movements of the joint edges Follow the joint volume well so that the stretch marks with which the joints are covered are not able to deform in an undesirably strong manner when the panels are working.

The invention is explained and illustrated by way of example with reference to the drawings. It shows

F i g. 1 is a partial view of the position of a container in relation to the hold of a ship,

F i g. 2 the view of a corner plate,

Fi g. 3 the view of a floor or wall plate, F i g. 4 the view of an edge plate,

F i g. 5 the view of the internal structure of a wall panel,

F i g. 6 the partial section through a plywood panel of the front side layers of the wall panel,

F i g. 7 the partial section through a wall plate with the attachment to a supporting frame or a supporting wall,

8 shows a view of a plug for closing the in FIG. 7 shown recesses,

F i g. 9 the view of the cap used for the stopper,

Fig. 10 is a partial view of a fastening device for the plate on the shoring,

11 shows the partial view of the position of the peripheral surfaces a plate in relation to the carrying device,

F i g. 12 is a view of a panel assembly consisting of a corner panel, two edge panels and a base plate,

13 shows a view of an outlet plug for assembling the plates,

F i g. 14 the partial view of two adjacent plates with a temporarily inserted groove wedge,

F i g. 15 the partial view of two adjacent plates with sealed circumferential grooves,

F i g. 16 is a partial view of two adjacent plates with milled parts at their front surface joint Groove,

F i g. 17 the partial view of a plate with a milled groove wedge,

18 shows the top view of four intersecting keyways with a conical opening in the interface; 19 shows the section along line 19-19 through the cone opening in FIG. 18

ίο Fig. 20 the top view of the connection point between the plates with a cone plug,

Fi g. 21 the section along line 21-21 through the in F i g. 20 conical plug shown,

22 shows a partial view of a plate with a groove wedge and one impermeable to liquids Stretch marks,

F i g. 23 the view of a junction of four plates,

24 and 25 partial sections through two adjacent ones Panels with gluing of the liquid-impermeable strip,

26 is a view of a liquid-impermeable Cover plate,

27 is a view of the corner portion of a container;

F i g. 28 the partial view of a modified plate structure,

Fi g. 29 shows the section along line 29-29 of FIG. 28, Fig. 30 the partial section through another panel structure,

31 shows the partial view through another liquid-tight Covering for the inner surface of the container,

FIG. 32 shows a covering similar to FIG. 31,
33 shows a modified expansion device for the groove and between the plates

Fig. 34 is a view of a ceiling plate for the Junction of four keyways present on the joint face together with one of long stripes.

Since the in F i g. 1 is installed in the hold of a ship, the outer Support frame consist of a conventional structure 1 made of metal girders that have a lattice girder for the Form the outer skin 2 of the ship's hull and for an inner metal skin, the inner surface of which is a support surface 3 represents for the wall panels of the container.

The four side walls and the bottom of the container are composed of individual panels. Although the panels can be designed, shaped and profiled in various ways, a horizontal sequence of edge panels is preferably used to form the entire horizontal perimeter of the floor and the adjacent horizontal lower edge of all vertical walls. The edge panels consist of three-legged corner panels 5 which are located at each bottom corner of the container and a series of two-legged edge panels 6 which are present in the floor space which is located between two perpendicular corners. Sufficient floor panels 7 fill the floor space which is surrounded by the edge panels, and there are enough wall panels to form the vertical walls above the edge panels in rows, each row consisting of an uninterrupted horizontal sequence of wall panels which are composed of a row from side

Wall panels 7 for the wall space located between the vertical corners and made of two-legged ones wall corner panels located at each vertical corner of the container 8. The bottom and side wall panels 7 preferably have the same structure.

Each plate consists of a rigid, relatively thick body with a front surface, a back surface and peripheral side surfaces as well Circumferential end faces and made of stable layers of a heat-insulating material. The locations exist a panel-like back plywood layer or backsheet 10 and a panel-like front Plywood or face sheet 12. The back sheet 10 is structurally strong. The front side position 12 is preferably made of a hard plywood or a dense plywood, which is so the denser it is, the better it is. A relatively dense block-like intermediate layer in between 11 is glued to the front side layer 12 and the rear side layer 10. The panels are about that Distributed pad surface 3, with their back surfaces resting on this pad surface 3 and the adjacent peripheral surfaces of the plates abut closely at room temperature.

Each plate is cut preferably rectangular on its peripheral sides and on its front sides, except when special circumstances require different cuts. Each plate also contains one Number of mounting holes 13, which extend straight from the edge of the front surface to Extending back surface and the from the adjacent peripheral side surface a distance after have inside. Furthermore, a more or less centrally located pump bore 14 is present in each plate, which extends in a straight line from the front surface to the rear surface. Furthermore, each Plate still has one or more, but preferably two, uninterrupted circumferential grooves 15 which have a distance from one another and from the front surface and the rear surface. There are two circumferential grooves 15 are shown, which are closer to the rear surface than to the front surface of the plate block are arranged.

The front layer of plywood 12 (FIG. 6) consists of an odd number of layers, preferably three layers, namely the front layer /, the middle layer c and the back layer r. These layers are arranged in the manner customary with plywood in such a way that the longitudinal fibers of the front layer / and the back layer r run parallel to one another, while the longitudinal fibers of the middle layer c are directed at right angles to the longitudinal fibers of the front layer and the back layer. The middle layer is also thicker than the other two layers, and the thickness is chosen so that the plywood layer is temperature-balanced.

The rear plywood ply 10 can also be a three strand ply in the same manner is temperature-resistant or temperature-balanced like the front plywood layer 12. If desired this layer can be impermeable, but this is not essential. In a plate that is 180 cm long, 75 cm wide and 30 cm thick, the rear plywood layer 10 can be 18 mm thick, while the front Plywood layer 12 is preferably about 3 mm thinner.

The intermediate layer 11 of each plate can consist of any desired insulating plate, for example Cork cardboard, wood wool that is compressed under the action of heat and pressure, or Slag wool compressed under pressure. The intermediate layer should be stable and have good thermal insulation properties to have. Excellent results have been obtained with an interlayer made from was made of a lightweight material which had good insulating properties and sufficient strength properties Has. In Fig. 5 shows six layers of balsa wood, each of which is glued together Blocks or rods of rectangular cross-section.

The layers of the intermediate layer 11 cross so that the longitudinal fibers in the odd Layers are directed in one direction and the longitudinal fibers of the layers in between run at right angles to it. The longitudinal fibers of the foremost layer of the intermediate layer preferably run 11 parallel to the longitudinal fibers in the adjacent layer of the front plywood layer 12. If the front layer 12 and the intermediate layer 11 have been glued to one another in this way the glue point between layers, the longitudinal fibers of which run parallel to each other. This in the arrangement described in U.S. Patent 2,413,912 is preferred because it is a stronger one Connection is obtained as if the longitudinal fibers of the bonded surfaces make an angle with each other would form.

The layers of the panels have exposed longitudinal fiber ends on and on the peripheral surfaces of the Plate. When the plate is completed and when its circumferential grooves 15 have been formed, must the peripheral surfaces of the front sheet, the back sheet and the intermediate sheet carefully with one Sealant, such as animal glue, can be coated to prevent the panel from resisting Increase penetration of liquid and gas into the longitudinal fiber ends. If the liner consists of Layers glued together from short blocks then make up each face of each block covered with glue. Any gas or liquid that may enter the block will be released localized this way on that particular block.

If desired, the denser and stronger balsa wood on the opposite surfaces of the Interlayer can be used, while * the less dense, more porous and mechanically weaker Balsa wood is used in the middle of the intermediate layer. By expedient choice The usable balsa wood obtained from a particular tree can range from 40 to 50% to more than 70% of the total wood of the tree is used.

Each plate is applied to the support structure in that the back side layer 10 of the plate is attached to the support surface 3 via the bore 13 α , while the remaining part of the plate is free and can contract and expand at will, namely to its fastening device and also to the adjoining panels, without an unacceptable load being exerted on the fastening device, ie a load which is greater than the weight of the panel. When attaching a plate on the pad surface 3, a screw bolt 17 is inserted through the cap portion a of a mounting hole 13 so that the

adjacent plug section b lies in plug section c , and then the screw bolt 17 is welded to the surface 3. The space around the screw bolt 17 in section c is then sealed with a plastic compound 18 and a washer is placed around the screw bolt on the front surface of the rear side layer 10. Then a threaded nut 19 is screwed onto the screw bolts 17 and, with this threaded nut, the rear side layer 10 of the plate is placed tightly against the support surface 3.

The sections α and b of the bore 13 remain free until a later point in time. Then the section b is closed by the conical plug 20 and the section α is closed by a cap 21. These parts are preferably made of a material that is the same as the material that was removed from the plate when the sections α and b of the bore 13 were produced. The plugs 20 and 21 are, if desired, dried to a moisture content less than that of the material forming the walls of the sections α and b and, after drying, are tightly fitted into the sections. Under these conditions, the plugs absorb moisture from the surrounding material and then expand into a snug fit.

Although the panels can be installed in different ways in different orders, however, it is preferred that all of the edge panels be placed first, then all of the floor panels, and then all of the wall panels built-in.

The edge plates are installed so that they form a continuous edge, the outer Edge portion of the floor and the lower edge portion of all walls forms.

This is done in the following way:

a) A three-legged corner plate 5 is set up at each corner and close to the associated ones Pressed corner surfaces of the pad surface 3. While the corner panel 5 is held in place will, will

1. A screw bolt 17 is inserted into each fastening hole 13 and the screw bolt welded with its contact point on the pad surface 3;

2. the porcelain around each screw bolt broken off;

3. the hole 13 a surrounding each screw bolt 17 filled with mastic 18;

4. Put a washer on the bolt and against the front face the back layer 10 placed and

5. a threaded nut 19 is screwed onto the screw bolt and tightened to to rigidly connect the insulating plate to the supporting structure.

b) The built-in corner plate 5 is then sealed with sealing or stone material 23 that is on and along all of the peripheral edges of the back plate 10, as shown in FIG. 11 shows is being applied. With The longitudinal fiber ends of this layer are to be sealed off from this sealing material. That Sealing material 23 should be applied so that it is the rear portion of the joint between the side surfaces and the end surfaces of the built-in plate and the associated abutting surfaces of the panels, which are then installed on the built-in panel, seals.

c) Subsequently to the corner plate 5, a two-legged or angled edge plate 6 is used, so that the abutting peripheral side surfaces cooperate two perpendicularly arranged L-shaped circumferential grooves 15, which extend perpendicularly from the upper surface of the plates extend down to the vicinity of the plate floor, where they have a bend, to run in a horizontal direction to the other end of the edge plate. This touch is maintained during the fastening of the panels, d. H. while the screw bolts 17 are welded on, the porcelain pegs are broken off, the peg holes 13 a are filled, the washers are put on and the threaded nuts 19 are screwed tight will. Then the exposed peripheral edge of the backsheet 10 is covered with sealing material 23 sealed.

d) The row of edge panels is completed from one corner panel 5 to the next corner panel 5, with the operation c) is repeated for each subsequent two-legged edge plate 6, except at the last edge plate, which must not be used with pressure, but must be fitted into their place.

e) The operations c) and d) are for each additional row of marginal edges between the corner panels repeated.

In connection with the process described under a) it should be mentioned that a screw bolt 17 in the pump bore 14 can be used optionally. Preferably, a screw bolt is used in this pump bore 14 is inserted and fastened, but the one around the screw bolt is used Space is not sealed with mastic, and on the screw bolts at this point too no threaded nut screwed on. The pump bore 14 is used for a later operation Mastic in the space between the back of the plate and the support surface 3 of the support frame to pump.

The bottom plates 7 which form the bottom of the container and which are enclosed by the edge plates Must completely cover the room, are installed in the following way:

a) The first base plate 7 is placed, for example, in the rear left corner and in a tight fit pressed so that the left and rear peripheral surfaces with the tip end surfaces Adjacent edge panels work together to form horizontally arranged L-shaped To form circumferential grooves 15 which are located on each side surface of the corner panel vertically arranged L-shaped circumferential grooves 15 cut. Then the plate is attached, d. i.e., the screw bolts are welded on, the porcelain tenons are broken, the Screw bolt holes are sealed, washers are placed on the screw bolts and the threaded nuts are screwed onto the screw bolts. then the exposed peripheral edges of the back sheet 10 are caulked or sealed.

b) The L-shaped circumferential grooves are sealed in the following way:

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1. The front surface joints between the newly installed base plate 7 and the associated edge plate 6 are sealed against seepage from the circumferential channels, by making a groove or groove in each front surface along its joint and then plugging that groove or channel with a tight-fitting, temporarily used groove wedge 24 (Fig. 14);

2. Then an outlet plug 25 is inserted into the exposed open ends of all horizontal and circumferential perpendicular grooves 15 used except in the upper ends of a single perpendicular pair;

3. Then a pump 26 is attached to the unclogged open ends of that one pair connected to the perpendicular circumferential grooves 15 and a sealant 27 in this Grooves are pumped in until the bores 25 a of all outlet plugs 25, the sealant visibly emerges, which indicates that all the grooves 15 are filled, as in FIG. 15 shows.

c) The next base plate 7 is then, for example, on the left edge plate and adjacent attached to the previously installed base plate in the following way:

1. The outlet stoppers 25 are pulled out, otherwise they will be replaced by the new one Bottom plate 7 are covered;

2. the new base plate is pressed into place, fastened and sealed or caulked;

3. the front surface joints that are to be sealed Corresponding circumferential grooves are clogged by grooving the joints and using the grooves at times Slot wedges 24 are sealed;

4. the exposed open ends of the circumferential grooves that are now newly formed in the soil Circumferential grooves and also all edge grooves connected to one another are blocked except for a single pair;

5. then these channels are sealed as before.

d) For everyone else in the first row Floor slabs, work process c) is repeated, with the exception of the last floor slab, which must not be pressed in, but must be fitted.

e) The second row of floor panels 7 is then installed adjacent to the first row by again working from back to front, with a single plate accordingly the installation technique described above for the first panel and the last panel in the row and is also used for all intermediate plates, but with the following exceptions:

Since each newly installed base plate 7 with the adjacent, previously installed Floor panels work together, two horizontally extending L-shaped circumferential channels educated. The sealing process for the intermediate base plate of the second row therefore only requires a closure of these channels at one horizontal end and a filling of the channels at the other horizontal end.

f) For all other rows of floor slabs, with the exception of the last row, this is done under e) described working procedure repeated.

g) When installing the last row, it must be ensured that

1. All plates may not be used with pressure, but must be fitted have to;

2. the horizontally extending circumferential channels in the bottom of all of the last used Plates, with the exception of the very last plate, are U-shaped so that there is therefore a leakage closure at both ends of the U-shape must be made and the seal then takes place via a peripheral channel connected to the edge plate, and

3. the horizontal circumferential channels formed by the last floor panel in the row are uninterrupted, so that they therefore cannot be clogged. However, these channels can be distinguished from the associated Dense circumferential channels of the adjacent edge plates.

When the first of the floor panels 7 forming the floor using the working method mentioned under a) has been inserted, are the newly formed circumferential channels from this base plate and also the with these channels connected channels of the edge plate relatively short and can therefore be filled with a desired sealant, namely with a highly viscous sealant at working pressures that are relatively low and are reasonable. Because of this the sealing of the circumferential channels is carried out in the described operation b).

While any convenient sealant can be used, resin compositions appear to be of lower weight Viscosity with foaming additives is particularly suitable for this process. These Masses are liquid when they are poured into the channels. They foam and harden within the channels. Especially after foaming, the mass does not fill up only the canals, but also spreads into the narrower spaces between the butting ones Surfaces of the plates. The cell structure of the hardened foam material forms an ideal one Protection against heat transfer, by conduction or convection, and results also a channel filling that has good resilience and elasticity, so that it is when contracted and expansion of the components yields accordingly.

All wall panels 7 and 8 of the container are installed in the following way:

a) A two-legged wall corner plate 8 is hydraulically attached in each corner and in the same Caulked or sealed like a three-legged corner plate 5.

b) A wall panel 7 is applied to the one wall corner panel 8, fastened and caulked, and the vertical L-shaped circumferential channels that this wall panel 7 with the adjacent wall panel 7 and the wall corner plate 8 are formed by clogging the on the front surface located channels sealed. then

the outlet channels are clogged and the channels filled with sealant.

c) A row of side wall panels between successive wall corner panels 8 is completed, by the process shown under b) for the installation of each wall panel 7 is repeated, except for the last wall panel, which are not pressed in with pressure may, but which must be fitted.

d) This closed row of wall panels is created on all side walls by repeating the Installation procedure described under b) and c) completed.

e) For each additionally desired row of closed wall panels, the items b), c) and d) described working procedure repeated.

According to the invention, an internal expansion joint connection between and along the front side surfaces is provided two adjacent panels made in the following way:

a) The temporarily existing slot wedge 24 is removed.

b) A precisely milled joint groove 30 is made in the panels on their front side at the joints produced, this groove being, for example, 31 mm wide and 62 mm deep.

c) A precisely milled grooved ring wedge 31, expandable in the transverse direction, is inserted into this groove 30, and each forward side edge 32 of the wedge 31 becomes on the forward peripheral edge surface glued to the plate, so that the rear section 33 of the groove wedge remains free and is not glued on.

Preferably, the wooden groove wedge 31 consists of two wedge-shaped pieces 34 with their with Veneer 35 covered opposing or adjacent surfaces a distance from one another and have their inner or rear sections 33 separated by a plywood 37 between them are to which both wedge pieces 34 are glued. The non-glued surfaces of the slot wedge are preferably sealed with a sealant. The groove wedge has a V-shape in cross section, see above that it follows the contraction and expansion of the adjacent panels to which it is attached. The surface veneer 35 protects the wedge pieces 34 against chipping or breaking in the transverse direction contraction and expansion taking place.

The expansion joint connection can be added at each joint interface in the following way will:

a) The groove wedges 31 and the wall panels are cleared at a groove interface that they have a precise groove and a precisely milled and inwardly conical bore 40 (Figs. 18 and 19) that have a depth of about 100 mm and a mouth diameter of about 62 mm Has.

b) A hollow, conical plug 42 is produced which fits exactly into the broached bore and is slotted inwards from its mouth at four equally spaced points to form arc segments a,

b, c and d to form. This plug 42 is inserted into the bore 40. The outer curved surface of each plug segment is glued to the associated plate and to the adjacent half of both adjacent slot wedges 31.

c)

the interior silicon or

one

10 b)

If desired, will
Cone with balsa wood,
other material filled.

An external expansion joint along the front surfaces of two adjacent panels is shown in manufactured in the following way:

a) The mouth of the slot present in the longitudinal center line of slot wedge 31 is widened.

A long strip 45 impermeable to gas and liquid is placed over the groove wedge 31 laid, and the outer edge accounts 46 of the strip 45 and the corresponding parts of the Plate surfaces are coated with a hardenable binder, so that the lengthways extending, in the transverse direction expandable central portion 47 of the expansion strip 45 in the non-glued state its expanding rib is in a tight fit with the walls, which form the widened mouth of the central slot of the groove wedge. An inflatable and expandable pressure plate 48 is placed on the expansion strip 45. The pressure plate 48 is attached to the strip 45 clamped at intermediate points of the strip length by placing the legs of a U-shaped Holder 49 into the panel mounting holes located on opposite sides of the strip inserted and the inner ends of these legs onto the welded-on screw bolts 17 are screwed so that the web of the U-shaped holder 49 on the pressure plate 48 is present. The pressure plate is then inflated to apply a desired amount of pressure in such a direction to cause the strip 45 to be pressed against the plates.

d) Heat is applied to cure the adhesive bond between the expansion strip and the panels.

e) When repeating operations a) to d) for all subsequent slot wedges 31 the edges of adjacent strips 45 will fit snugly with theirs at all intersections Edges placed butt against each other, as in FIG. 23 is shown.

As a result of the very low temperatures, the choice of adhesive tapes and others must be used for production The materials used at the joints are carefully taken. Animal glue, in particular animal glue with small amounts of potassium dichromate or chrome alum, are used to glue the wood to the grooved Walls found to be satisfactory. There can be various types of adhesives and Impregnation compounds are made that contain silicones, epoxy resins, neoprene, animal glue and mixtures contain of these substances. These materials are essentially gas and liquid impermeable for substances that are liquid at temperatures below -40 ° C.

The expansion strips 45 can be made of a cast fabric impregnated with synthetic resin or consist of woven or non-woven glass fibers impregnated with an epoxy resin. Cellulose fibers are suitable for the production of material webs from which the joint parts are made, while many thermoplastic resin threads for

15 16

the use of sealants used at very low temperatures to prevent the ingress of gas

become brittle. Flexible metal strips can and should prevent liquid as much as possible or as far as possible

can also be used. Strip of aluminum to a large extent and that all adhesives are used

and stainless steel are particularly recommended. the temperatures occurring here one for gas

Flexible plywood can also be used, 5 and have low liquid permeability,

if it is glued on with synthetic resin and impregnated. Figs. 28 and 29 show part of a

aned paper is underlaid. the side corner portion of a modified panel.

The outer expansion joint devices must In this plate, the intermediate layer consists of 11 ^ l

are covered at each groove interface. This will be several cell-like layers 60 of paper or

easily executed in the following way: io another insulating material and from one

a) It is a square cover plate 51 stiff sheet 61 made of cardboard or plywood, which the cut, which has expansion notches 52 separating the adjacent cellular sheets from one another. Corresponding to keyways, and which also Deh- So that these structures do not conduct gas, connect recess notches 53 between the interfaces of the peripheral panels 62 made of plywood or other Has expansion notches 53. This cover plate 51 15 insulating material, the front side layer 12 with the must be at least large enough to fit into the open back layer 10. The ones in the cells tion (Fig. 23) fits, the voids between the ends can with a free-flowing Isolierder Strip 45 is present. Preferably material is to be filled, for example with glass this Cover plate 51, however, larger, so that they fiber, lightweight concrete, perlite or ground cork, the area covered by the 20 The filling can also be made with mastic, as indicated Line 54 is indicated. a cell structure is probably preferred.

b) The impermeable Deckplatte51 is beyond the panel of Fig. 30 also set a back interface, the contact surfaces of the side layer 10, a front side layer 12 and a strip and the top plate, the intermediate layer is a plywood periphery 62. 11 B coated curable adhesive, A pressure plate made of foam glass, foam plastics or fiber board is placed over the cover plate 51, the bodies which have inherent structural strength or pressure plate is fixed on the cover plate 51, which are set up in a different way, around a jammed, the pressure plate is inflated , and load and the one cell structure with heat is used to harden the adhesive to have numerous voids. The liner brought action. 30 11 B can also consist of a fiberglass mass

c) The work steps a) and b) are for all with a resinous binder that the fibers other interfaces repeatedly. sufficiently stiffened to fit tightly around the peripheral surface

The outer expansion joint device is by contact with the back sheet 10, the front

Applying long strips 55 towards the bottom side layer 12 and the plywood perimeter layer 62

corners and keep the vertical corners of the container ready. For all versions used, the

posed. These strips 55 must have thermal insulation properties and high structural strength,

Can absorb pulling and expansion, which give the plate a dimensional stability, character-

recording both sides of the corners they cover.

step. The strips must therefore, if necessary, in the case of the embodiment shown in FIGS.

For example, the exposed front surfaces work at every joint with an expansion

joint device 56 may be provided. of the panels, the outer expansion joint strips 45,

To complete the container, an asphalt cover plate 51 and corner strips 55 with their mass or other mastic with pressure in the expansion members 56 together to form the container Pump bore 14 of each plate is press-fitted to cover all of the fluid cavities fill in the impermeable between the rear 45 and also substantially gas impermeable 10 of the plate and the adjacent one is negligible. These parts form an inner one, so to speak layer area 3 are available. This pumping action housing or an inner ceiling that can attach to the panel before or after closing the mounting structure is glued and from the surfaces of the panels holes 13 with the glued and sealed and the existing between the plates Deh-wood plugs 20 and plywood caps 21 are guided 50 groove keys and their associated parts will. After completion of the pumping process will wear. According to the invention, however, it can also a threaded nut 19 is used on the one at the rear an inner housing or an inner ceiling Screws located at the end of each pump boring do not necessarily connect to the container wall bolt 17 screwed so that this part of the plate is connected, with or without stretch is attracted to the pad surface 3. Then 55 grout wedges.

Each pump bore is provided with a plug 20 and The inner housing can of course be an aluminum one Cap 21 closed. The caps 21 will be containers or some other metal container such as an egg in the same way against intrusion has been suggested so far. Preferably Moisture-proof like the surface of the front, however, this inner housing is made of a veriormseitenlage 12 of each plate. The caps 21 are 60 bar, impermeable to gas and liquid mate accordingly sealed with a sealant, formed rial, which fits loosely into the container impregnated or with a liquid impermeable and that after partial or complete filling casual cover plate, which attached to the cap- the insulated walls from which the load is borne will stick, or it will become impermeable to liquids, is applied. One implementation of this type is Arch uses the entire front face 65 shown in Fig. 31, in which the inner, upward cover. open housing made of a series of strips 65

It should also be pointed out that it is advantageous to shape each strip of which has a peripheral edge

all exposed areas are sealed that has all that underlaps the adjacent strip 65,

while the other marginal edge overlaps the adjacent strip 65. The marginal edges of neighboring Strips are glued together. The strips 65 extend from the top edge of one side wall down to the floor, then run across the bottom of the container and then run out the opposite side wall back up. The in Fi g. 31 form strips 65 shown that is, a U-shaped channel that extends from one end of the container to the other end. Similar strips are also used on the front ends to close these ends of the gutter. The end strips are glued to the U-shaped strips 65. Each strip 65 has an expansion section 66 which controls the resulting contraction and absorbs expansion.

In some systems, the joint groove on the front surface is not required, so that there is this groove and the groove wedge located in the groove in the embodiment of the ao shown in FIG. 31 Plates can be omitted.

The in F i g. 32 is the same as the embodiment shown in Fig. 31 with the difference, that the panels have butt joint grooves 30 on the front surface and that a strip 45 a bridges this existing space between the plates, with the strip 45 a without any Support wedge simply extends downward in the groove 30.

According to FIG. 33 is the joint groove with a strip 68 made of stainless steel, aluminum or another transversely expandable metal, with the ends of the strip in the Penetrate front layer 12 and are anchored there.

It has already been mentioned that the cover plate 51 covering the interface fits into the space which is delimited by the ends of the joint strips 45. F i g. 34 shows an embodiment of this type, in dei the ends of the strip joints 45 b with the respective ends of an interface covering cover plate 51a are connected. This cover plate has a shape which differs somewhat from the cover plate shown in FIG. Both shapes can be interchanged and interchanged if desired, particularly in the embodiment shown in FIG. Stripes 45 & the F i g. 34 corresponds to the strip 45 a of FIG. 32.

Claims (20)

Patent claims: 1. Heat-insulated container for storing low-boiling liquefied gases, in particular Natural gas or methane, at around atmospheric pressure, with an outer supporting wall and a A plurality of plates made of heat-insulating material, which are arranged on the inside of the supporting wall are and completely cover them, thereby characterized in that the plates (5, 6, 7) by means of screw bolts (17) on the supporting wall (3) attached and at their joints by provided on the peripheral surfaces of the plates Seals (27) are sealed and that a closed liquid and gas impermeable Lining is attached to the front surface of the panels and over their joints. 2. Container according to claim 1, characterized in that the plates (5, 6, 7) have a front side layer (12), a strong rear side layer (10) and an intermediate layer (11, 11,4, 11 B) lying between these layers of porous, heat-insulating material which is connected to the front and back layers and in that at least one bore (13, 14) extends through the panels from the front to the back layer. 3. Container according to claim 2, characterized in that the intermediate layer (11 ^, 11 B) consists of cellular material between the front and back layers (10, 12) and is enclosed by side walls (62). 4. Container according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the front and back layers (10, 12) consist of temperature-compensated plywood. 5. Container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the screw bolts (17) passed tightly through the rear layer (10) and are accessible from the front of the plates through the bores (13, 14) which are provided by plugs (20, 21) can be closed, the material of which corresponds to the material of the plates (5, 6, 7). 6. Container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the peripheral surface the intermediate layer (11) is provided with at least one endless groove (15), wherein the groove preferably closer to the back layer (10) than to the front layer (12) the plate is arranged. 7. Container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Cavities between the mutually aligned grooves (15) and between the rear surfaces (10) and the supporting wall (3) are filled with a sealant. 8. Container according to claim 1, characterized in that the lining consists of stretch marks (45, 65). 9. A container according to claim 8, characterized in that the stretch marks (45, 65) in the Area of their long edges are glued. 10. A container according to claim 9, characterized in that the stretch marks (45) in In the longitudinal direction have bulges (45 a) which lie in joint grooves (30) on attached to the front surfaces of the panels. 11. Container according to claim 9, characterized in that that the stretch marks (65) overlap sealingly with their longitudinal edges, the overlapping edges between the joints of the plates and the expansion strips (65) over the joints as longitudinal folds have protruding expansion sections (66). 12. Container according to claim 10, characterized in that the stretch marks (45) are covered by the other stretch marks (65). 13. Container according to one of claims 10 and 12, characterized in that the interfaces of the grooves (30) at the plate corners to a bore (40) are widened, which together with the stretch marks (45, 65) ending in front of the bore through a cover plate (51, 51a) is covered. 509 740/7? 14. Container according to claim 13, characterized in that the cover plate (51, 51 a) in the In the middle a bulge protruding into the bore (40) and four from the bulge to the Has expansion notches (52) running along the edge, which are inserted into the intersecting joint grooves (30) protrude. 15. A container according to claim 14, characterized in that at the bulge between each two expansion notches (52) a further expansion notch (53) is arranged. 16. Container according to one of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that the linings (45, 65, 51, 51a) are made of reinforced plastic. 17. Container according to one of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that the linings (45, 65, 51, 51 a) are made of metal. 18. Container according to claim 17, characterized in that the longitudinal edges of the stretch marks (68) in the front layer (12) of the plates (5, 6, 7) penetrate and are anchored there. 19. Container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the Joint groove (30) a wedge (31) with its side edge facing the front surfaces of the panels (32) is attached, while the rear section (33) of the wedge rests freely in the groove. 20. Container according to claim 19, characterized in that the wedge (31) consists of two separate wedge-shaped pieces (34) are formed, which are interconnected by a spacer (36) are connected, which is glued between them along their narrower sections (33). Considered publications:
German Patent Nos. 259 825, 613 508, 450, 833 048, 879 039;
French Patent No. 962 554;
Belgian Patent No. 540 004;
VDI magazine, 1957, No. 7, p. 305. For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings 509 740/76 11.65 © Bundesdruckerei Berlin