DE112017004377T5 - Wind turbine installation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a wind turbine installation comprising a rotor built into the housing, which is in the form of a centrifugal wheel with turbine blades, and a wind catcher having vertically aligned blades which are aligned in the direction of the wind flow, in a vertical channel between the rotor is further mounted on the wind catcher and is in communication therewith, the rotor housing includes outlet ports, one end of which communicates with the interior and the inner portion of the rotor body and the free end in the air duct the wind catcher is directed.

Description

The invention relates to wind turbines, in particular wind turbine plants, which can be used as autonomous energy source and enable an environmentally friendly, safe and reliable power supply.

It is a wind turbine plant of the patent RU 2286477 known, which includes a rotor which is disposed within a housing for rotation. The rotor consists of a shaft on which radial types are mounted upright at a certain distance from the center of the turbine blade, which are connected to the shaft by means of clamps. The housing is stationary and consists of a stator blade having upstanding vanes installed at an acute angle to the outer edge of the radial turbine blades and forming outer wind flow channels tangential to the inner circumference of the equipment. The lower part of the rotor is designed in the form of an axial turbine. Axial rotor blades are installed on the shaft and are designed to operate in the air stream leaving the vanes. Additional blades are installed in the lower part of the body and are located radially inside a shell. The upper part of the shell is fixed to the housing, and the lower end of the rotor is supported on hollow bodies, which are rigidly attached to the ends of a tapered nozzle. In the lower part of the hollow body there are air guide windows.

It is also a wind turbine plant of the patent RU 2488019 It is known to include a stator having upper and lower bases interconnected by vertical vanes and directed inwardly. The rotor is located in the stator and is equipped with longitudinal blades. The rotor is in the form of a hollow, upwardly tapering cone. The rotor blades are mounted on their outer surface and aligned at an angle to the axis of symmetry of the rotor. Lamella crosses are installed in the internal cavity of the rotor and connect the rotor with an upper and a lower axis of rotation. The lower base of the stator is designed with the possibility of air flow inside the rotor. The upper base of the stator has a conical portion narrowing and directed towards the lower base and an axial hole whose diameter is greater than the upper diameter of the rotor cone. In this case, an annular gap is formed between them. An additional impeller is installed on an upper semi-axis of the rotor and extends into a conical portion of the upper base of the stator. However, such systems have an insufficient efficiency, since they do not allow reuse of the residual energy of the wind turbine plant emerging wind power.

The closest analog is a wind turbine plant from the patent document Concentration camp 24451 comprising a multicellular spoon with cochlear wind-receiving channels with immovable vertical blades and a rotor with quadrangular blades mounted upwind and downwind. Entering into helical chambers wind, which forms perpendicular to the wind direction leaves the upper roof and the lower floor of the blade passes through the open half of a wind catcher to the blades of the working side of the wind turbine (rotor), which at a certain angle to the wind direction are arranged. It rotates about its axis through the frame of the rotor, which is located within the belt-shaped steel hull, which in turn is disposed within the cochlear-shaped air inlet. The rotor blades are mounted with upwardly curved ends which provide additional resistance to the wind and direct the air upward to a diluent to vent it to the atmosphere. Slat systems are provided at the entrance of the air intake ducts, which form fuses that protect the structure against unfavorable weather conditions of nature (stormy weather, turbulence, etc.).

The rotor in this design is installed so that its axis of rotation is perpendicular to the incoming air flow. With this design, the rotor dimensions should be comparable to the size of a wind arrestor for optimum plant operation, which makes it impossible to operate the system during heavy gusts of wind at significant wind turbine dimensions. This is confirmed by the presence of fins that stop the operation of the system in strong wind.

This wind turbine plant has low efficiency at high wind gusts due to the difficulty of balancing the rotor with such dimensions. This leads to vibrations at high rotational speeds of the rotor and its subsequent destruction by centrifugal forces. In addition, the efficiency of such a system during operation is low, since a reuse of the residual energy of the wind power plant coming wind power is not guaranteed.

The Windfangeinrichtung the wind turbine plant, which is known from the closest analogue is designed with a flat, straight surface, which is not aerodynamic, since they are in the Fall of a wind brake is not parallel to the blade plane and not reflected in the direction of the wind turbine. This also leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the plant. During operation of the system, the wind current flowing into the rotor only cooperates with a part of its upper surface, which does not ensure high efficiency of the system.

The technical problem that the invention is intended to solve is the insufficient efficiency of the known wind power plants.

The technical result of the claimed solution is to increase the efficiency of the plant for each duration, speed and direction of the wind.

The technical result is achieved by virtue of the fact that the wind turbine installation has a rotor built into the housing, which is in the form of a centrifugal wheel with blades, and a wind catcher with upright blades which curves in the direction of the wind flow and places them in series relative to one another are. The air duct with the rotor mounted on and in contact with the blade includes a rotor housing with outlet tubes, one end of which is connected to the inside of the rotor housing, while the free end is directed into the wind catcher air channel.

The rotor blades may be mounted on a centrifugal wheel of the inner surface of the housing and directed along chords of the rotor housing.

On the blades of the wind catcher stiffeners may be mounted, which are arranged at an angle to the horizontal plane with an inclination in the wind direction. The stiffeners may be made on the inside and / or outside of the blades.

The upright blades of the wind catcher are curved in the direction of the wind flow and their installation is offset with successive overlap to form a vertical channel during operation of the installation while the windstream entering the wind catcher is tornado-like. By placing the rotor on the wind catcher and closing the rotor body and by communicating with the blade air passage, further wind flow is ensured on the blades of the inner surface of the rotor. In this case, the wind flow interacts with the entire upper inner surface of the rotor, thereby increasing the efficiency of the plant. Due to the presence of outlet pipes on the outside of the rotor housing, one of the ends communicating with the rotor inner part and the free ends being directed to the air duct of the wind catcher, the air flow entering the rotor is retracted back into the blade space. As a result, a reuse of the residual energy coming from the plant is possible, and the wind power and thus the efficiency of the system are increased at any duration and wind speed.

The exhaust air flow in the proposed plant without negative interaction with the blown plant wind is not thrown up with a residual potential and enters the wind trap air channel through outlet nozzles for reuse, thereby increasing efficiency. Thus, the wind flow energy is maximally used to rotate the rotor blades, even with minimal rotor dimensions relative to the wind catcher.

In the design of a wind turbine plant according to the invention, the rotor housing with a centrifugal and discharge nozzles in the embodiment is similar to a reverse centrifugal fan, in which the centrifugal is not driven by an electric motor, but by an ascending wind flow. The centrifugal wheel shaft is a rotor shaft connected to a generator. Since the speed of the wind flow acting on the centrifugal wheel is directly proportional to the ratio of the cross sectional area of the wind flow entering the wind catcher over the entire height to the vertical channel cross-sectional area, the speed of the wind flow acting on the centrifugal wheel is an order of magnitude greater than the speed of the the wind catcher entering wind flow. The stiffened blades, which overlap and form a vertically oriented channel, serve as a total reducer in front of the generator, rather than a typical reducer connecting the rotor to the generator, as in the closest analog.

Since the rotor does not have to be mounted over the entire height of the plant, the design of the wind turbine plant is simplified. At the same time, the reliability and the performance of each wind, in relation to the minimum dimensions of the factory balanced centrifugal impeller, are in relation to the Dimensions of the entire wind turbine plant increased. The performance of a wind turbine is determined by the ratio of the height of the blades and the diameter of the vertical channel. Since the minimization of the diameter is limited by the occurring air friction forces, the circumference of the diameter can be limited by lack of free space.

The most important way to increase performance is to increase the height of the wind turbine equipment while maintaining the stability and durability of the design, which is ensured by the length of the blades overlapping each other and the length of the pair of stiffeners with the blades.

In contrast to the closest analog, where the wind flow velocity is converted into the generator speed by a rotor having a height equal to the height of the wind turbine, a kinematic chain with gears that increase the generator speed and complicate the design is the generator rotor in the claimed wind turbine plant directly connected to the rotor of the wind turbine plant in the form of a centrifugal wheel, the dimensions of which are minimal relative to the hull of a wind turbine plant, which is formed without a mean kinematic transmission scheme of the rotation. Thanks to the inventive design, which increases the speed of the wind flow, which interacts with the centrifugal wheel with respect to the surrounding wind turbine plant to increase the performance of the plant, it is operable in light wind, including by returning the spent wind power to the wind turbine plant.

Minimizing the size and mass of the rotor with vanes formed in the form of a centrifugal wheel and limited only by the frictional force of the wind flow in a narrow vertical channel ensures the efficiency of the wind turbine installation in each wind that the occurrence of a destructive centrifugal force is eliminated, which is proportional to the mass and the square of the radius of rotation.

• 1 eine allgemeine Ansicht einer Windturbinenanlage;
• 2 einen Lötschnitt einer Windturbinenanlage;
• 3 einen Schnitt entlang der Linie A-A einer Windturbinenanlage;
• 4 einen Schnitt entlang der Linie B-B der Windturbinenanlage;
• 5 eine Ansicht „G“ der Windturbinenanlage.

A special case of the invention is based on image 3 illustrated. The 1 - 5 demonstrate:

• 1 a general view of a wind turbine plant;
• 2 a Lötschnitt a wind turbine plant;
• 3 a section along the line A - A a wind turbine plant;
• 4 a section along the line B - B the wind turbine plant;
• 5 a view "G" of the wind turbine plant.

1

Rotor

2

Gehäuse

3

Auslassstutzen

4

Schaufel

5

Versteifungsträger

6

Turbinenschaufel.

In the pictures 1 - 5 are the following reference numbers 1 - 6 stated:

1

rotor

2

casing

3

outlet

4

shovel

5

stiffening girder

6

Turbine blade.

In the particular case of the vertical axis wind turbine plant includes a rotor 1 , which is formed in the form of a centrifugal, a in a housing 2 and with at its periphery tangentially arranged outlet 3 which are arranged on a blade. wind wing 6 of the centrifugal impeller are along the chords of the housing 2 of the rotor 1 aligned in a horizontal plane at an angle to its radii with the possibility of its rotation about the vertical axis. A wind catcher consists of vertical blades 4 which are mounted overlapping. Here is a single vertical slotted channel with stiffeners 5 formed at an angle to the horizontal plane with a slope in the direction of the wind flow on the inside and outside of the blades 4 are arranged. outlet 3 attached to the tangent body 2 of the rotor 1 are attached, lie in the direction of the wind catcher. The shovels 6 of the centrifugal impeller extend around the axis of rotation of the centrifugal impeller with a smooth change from the vertical of its surface to a right angle to continue the trajectory of the position of the stiffening beams 5 , which are located at the wind catcher.

To the dimensions between the wind turbine plant and the chimney sizes, the diameter of the wind turbine is visually to the height.

An example of a single-use wind turbine plant is a model with a height of about 10 m and a diameter of 0.4 m in the middle part of the channel with a maximum run of 1.5 m with six blades 4 and six outlet ports 3 with a maximum free space for the incoming wind into the blade 0.5 m in the entire height and wind speed of 1 m / s at the entrance of the wind catcher.

In this case, the estimated speed of the wind current acting on the centrifugal wheel is calculated as follows: $$\text{V}=1\text{m / s}\left(0.5\text{m}\cdot 10\text{m}\right)+\left(3.14\text{m}-0.4\text{m}\cdot 0.4\text{m}+4\right)=5+0.1256\text{m / s}*40\text{m / s}$$

Taking into account the frictional losses and the change in the trajectory of the wind flow in a wind turbine installation, its speed of adjustment on the centrifugal wheel is an order of magnitude higher than the speed at the entrance of the wind catcher.

In the wind turbine plant according to the invention, the curved planes of the blades can 4 in the form of lattice frames of rectangular tubes covered on both sides with translucent materials, such as polycarbonate, to increase the height difference in the vertical channel caused by the heating (air in sunny weather). This version with constant deflection of the exhaust air flow into the sinuses of the wind catcher, through the blades 4 contributes to the continuous accumulation of wind flow generated in a wind turbine, which also contributes to increased efficiency in low wind wind.

To increase efficiency, it is possible to have flexible solar cells on the inner concave surface of the blades 4 align.

The stiffeners 5 are curved upwards in length so that their inclination against the wind becomes zero towards the horizontal, and the inclination angle of the stiffening end at the interface with the vertical channel at a distance of 60 ° <a <90 ° to the horizontal with the rotation of the target is determined.

The stiffeners 5 are made of sheet metal with flanges on both sides and with adjacent by threaded connections through flanges and by a frame of the blades 4 together. In this case, a rigid design is formed by these, which at the top of the wind turbine plant by a common flange of the fixed housing 2 centrifugal impeller and blades 4 be made with anchor bolts on the concrete foundation.

The upper corner of the protruding part of the turbine blades 6 in the direction of the axis of rotation is along its diagonal to continue the trajectory of installation of the stiffeners 5 bent.

The number of blades 4 is limited only by the area of installation of the wind turbine plant, since the diameter of the vertical channel and the span radius of the wind catcher must be increased by a distance between the blades 4 for the passage of wind flow to get.

The number of outlet nozzles 3 corresponds to the number of blades 4 or is smaller several times.

In the special case of the execution of the blade 6 can the rotor 1 from the inner surface of the housing 2 along the tendons of the housing 2 of the rotor 1 be mounted on a centrifugal in the horizontal plane.

Every scoop 4 the wind catcher is fixed and may be part of the side surface of a cylinder with a variable roll radius, for example a half-cylinder, a 1/3 of a cylinder or a 1/4 segment of a cylinder.

The shovels 4 have a streamlined aerodynamic shape and are equidistant from each other. The shovels 4 The wind catcher can be made of a stiffener 5 manufactured which is arranged at an angle to the horizontal plane with a slope in the wind direction. The stiffeners 5 can be on the inside and / or outside of the blades 1 be attached, which further increases the rigidity and aerodynamics of the device and also the efficiency of the system. The turbine blades 6 of the centrifugal impeller can move to the axis of rotation with a gentle change from the perpendicular of its surface to a right angle to continue the trajectory of the location of the stiffeners 5 be extended.

The housing 2 of the rotor 1 contains the walls and a top cover, which prevents the negative interaction of the inflated wind and the loss of wind energy potential. The lower part of the housing 1 is open, so the case 1 communicating with the channel.

The system works as follows:

If a gust of wind the wind catcher with inclined stiffeners 5 an upwardly directed airflow is formed along a twisted trajectory of a vertical channel on the blades 6 the centrifugal wheel of the rotor 1 flows, which is angled in the direction of the wind flow. The vertical sections of the turbine blades 6 are influenced by an overpressure of the upward airflow that causes them to move relative to the vertical axis of the rotor 1 rotate. Thereafter, the air flow enters backwards in wind catcher in the outlet 3 that pass through it without being slowed down by the headwinds.

The proposed design of a wind turbine plant is efficient and energy efficient for any duration and wind speed and results in a significant reduction in electricity costs.

The operating principle of the wind turbine plant according to the invention can be used to drain moisture from the air - the cause of pressure and temperature drop with accelerated air movement within a vertical channel, as well as for cooling hot water in cooling towers.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• RU 2286477 [0002]
• RU 2488019 [0003]
• Concentration camp 24451 [0004]

Claims (6)

Wind turbine installation , characterized in that it comprises a rotor built into the housing, which is in the form of a centrifugal wheel with turbine blades, and a wind catcher having vertically oriented blades aligned in the direction of the wind flow, passing in a vertical channel between the rotor is further mounted on the wind catcher and is in communication therewith, the rotor housing includes outlet ports, one end of which communicates with the interior and the inner portion of the rotor body and the free end in the air duct the wind catcher is directed. Wind turbine plant after Claim 1 , characterized in that the rotor-turbine blades are fixed from the inner surface of the housing on the centrifugal and are directed along the chords of the rotor housing. Wind turbine plant after Claim 1 , characterized in that on the blades of the wind catcher stiffeners are mounted, which are arranged at an angle to the horizontal plane with an inclination in the direction of the wind flow. Wind turbine plant after Claim 3 , characterized in that the stiffeners are attached to the inner sides of the blades. Wind turbine plant after Claim 3 , characterized in that the stiffeners are attached to the outer sides of the blades. Wind turbine plant after Claim 3 , characterized in that the stiffeners are attached to the inside and outside of the blades.

Images