DE202010009987U1 - Turbine III - Google Patents

Abstract

Turbine in the form of a radial turbine, with rotor blades aligned parallel to the axis of rotation, the rotor blades (3) being aligned from the radial direction in the direction of the tangential plane and obliquely to the radius and the tangential plane, and the outer region (15) even more in the direction of the tangential plane is angled and in particular the inner region (17) is angled in the direction of the radius and in particular the inner region (17) is angled in the direction of the radius, and that the rotor blades are sheathed with at least one, preferably two, guide plates (19, 20) , which are in particular curved inwards, characterized in that the rotor blades have a curved surface without kinked edges, that the rotor blades form a hollow profile and are oriented from the radial direction in the direction of the tangential plane and obliquely to the radius and to the tangential plane and that sloping outward surface (top 16 ) the rotor blades are curved outwards more than those towards ...

Description

The invention relates to a turbine according to the preamble of claim 1, in particular to a wind turbine. The invention is not limited to wind turbines, but also refers to turbines for water or any other free flowing fluids.

A turbine of this kind is from the DE 10 2008 049 826 A1 (Dennis P. Steel) known.

State of the art

Betz's law comes from the German engineer Albert Betz (1885-1968). He first formulated it in 1919. Seven years later (1926) it appeared in his book "Wind Energy" ( Albert Betz: Wind energy and its use by windmills, ecobook, Staufen, unchanged reprint from the year 1926 ).

The law states that a wind turbine can convert a maximum of 16/27 (which is almost 60 percent) of the translational energy contained in the wind into rotary energy.

The British engineer F. Lanchester (1868-1946) already published similar considerations in 1915.

The quotient of the utilized wind power P _Nutz for the incoming wind power P ₀ is called the power coefficient c _P.

Betzscher performance coefficient

When wind flow (kinetic) energy is removed, the wind slows down. If the energy were removed completely, the air masses behind the plant would come to a standstill and would pile up and dodge before it, so that the mass flow through the plant and the power would be zero. (For this reason, Betz's law for small velocity ratios v ₂ / v ₁ loses its validity, because the law assumes that the wind velocity is in the rotor plane (v ₁ + v ₂ ) / 2) Although not braked, the mass flow would not decrease, but no energy would be taken, and the power would again be zero. The ideal case is somewhere in between.

The power coefficient is solely a function of deceleration. How this deceleration is made is not included in the calculation. In practice, however, high performance coefficients can only be achieved with buoyancy runners.

The greatest performance can thus be avoided if the wind is braked to 1/3 of its original speed.

Experiments are constantly being reported which purport to have received c _P > c _{P, Betz} . It can be assumed that because of the universality of the derivation, such an overcoming of the violation of the conservation law equals energy. A solution was only given by Betz himself: If the rotor modeled as a single 'actuator disk' was given a finite thickness, turbulent fluctuations across the main flow could now introduce additional energy between the front and rear disks.

This idea was made by Loth and McCoy 1983 elaborated in detail for a Darrieus rotor with vertical axis of rotation. They received c _P ~ 0.62. However, this value has not been measured in any system so far.

Attempts to assign a jacketed wind turbine an 'over-Betzwert', often suffer from the wrong choice of the reference surface: Instead of the rotor surface now the largest 'forehead' surface of the system must be used, so in most cases the exit surface of the shell or diffuser.

Executed rotors

Since the rotor losses are by far the largest losses of a wind turbine, all manufacturers work to achieve the highest possible power coefficients. Modern designed rotors achieve performance coefficients of c _P = 0.4 to 0.5, that is about 70% to 80% of the theoretically possible.

The invention has for its object to provide a turbine with significantly improved efficiency, which exploits the wind energy considerably more effective than the known wind turbines.

This object is achieved by the features of claim 1.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention can be found in the subclaims.

Further details and advantages of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the embodiments and drawings.

In the following an embodiment of the invention will be described in more detail with reference to drawings, wherein the 1 to 23 from the DE 10 2008 049 826 A1 represent known prior art. Show it

1 the top view of a known wind turbine, z. As an anemometer, according to the prior art, to explain the operation and as an example of a resistance rotor,

2 a plan view of a wind turbine with curved rotor blades and with the flow,

3 the wind turbine behind 2 in the case of flow both of the upper area of the windmill and of the lower area,

4 the wind turbine behind 2 in the case of flow only of the area above the axis of rotation,

5 the wind turbine behind 2 with incident flow only below the axis of rotation,

6 the turbine after DE 10 2008 049 826 A1 in side view,

7 the turbine after 6 at a flow below the axis of rotation,

8th the flow conditions in the turbine with flow both below and above the axis of rotation,

9 a representation of the turbine with representation of the pressure conditions,

10 the flow conditions on a wing according to the prior art,

11 the flow conditions around a wing according to the prior art,

12 the flow conditions, forces and pressure conditions in the turbine according to the invention and

13 a further illustration of the pressure conditions in the turbine, here with two bending edges of the rotor blades,

14 to 16 further drawings to illustrate the operation of the turbine,

17 a schematic representation of the turbine with a sheath,

18 more details on the presentation in 17 .

19 a perspective view of a concrete embodiment of the jacketed turbine after the 17 and 18 .

20 the rotor of the turbine of 19 in perspective,

21 a longitudinal section through the jacketed turbine after 19 but without rotor,

22 the section along the line AA in 21 so a cross section,

23 a longitudinal section along the line BB in 22 .

24 a cross section of the turbine according to the invention with four blades (rotor blades),

24a an alternative wing shape,

25 a cross section accordingly 24 but for a turbine with eight rotor blades,

26 a cross section through a turbine according to the invention with four large rotor blades and four small rotor blades (wings),

27 a schematic representation of the operating principle of the rotor according to 26 .

28 a schematic representation for explaining the pressure conditions of an example and

29 the explanation of the operation of the turbine after the 24 to 26 , also in a schematic representation.

In all drawings, like reference numerals have the same meaning and therefore may be explained only once.

At the in 1 shown in side view anemometer, the rotation takes place about the axis of rotation 1 always clockwise, regardless of the direction of the incoming flow.

A correspondingly constructed wind turbine (Savonius) with also curved rotor blades is in side view in 2 shown. The flow direction of the air is also shown. In the flow shown, this wheel also rotates clockwise.

Will be accordingly 3 this wind turbine both in the tangential direction above and below the axis of rotation 1 as also directed centrally directed to the axis of rotation, so act different torques on this wind turbine. The flow above the axis of rotation and the centrally directed to the axis of rotation generate a torque in a clockwise direction. In contrast, the flow generates a counterclockwise torque below the axis of rotation, as graphically 3 evident.

With a flow only above the axis of rotation 1 corresponding 4 Thus, the wind turbine rotates clockwise and at a flow below the axis of rotation accordingly 5 counterclockwise.

The turbine after the DE 10 2008 049 826 A1 behaves differently, as based on the 6 to 13 will be explained in more detail below.

6 shows a side view of the turbine, with the elements shown except for the axis of rotation 1 plane sheets are aligned parallel to the axis of rotation. On the sides of the turbine are aluminum end plates 2 for fixing the rotor blades 3 and the centrally arranged axis of rotation 1 intended. The axis of rotation is in a ball bearing relative to the housing, so the end plates 2 and other, not shown housing parts stored.

The rotor blades 3 additionally have two kinked edges, namely a first Abknickkante 9 in the outer region of the rotor blade and a second Abknickkante 18 in the inner region of the rotor blade. Both kinked edges are parallel to the axis of rotation 1 , The outer area is around the first Abknickkante 9 bent in the direction of the tangential plane, ie opposite to the radial direction. The innermost area 17 the rotor blades 3 is about the second bending edge 18 bent in the direction of the radius, ie opposite to the tangential plane.

Important for the effect is in particular the first Abknickkante 9 , The kinked innermost area around the second bending edge 18 additionally amplifies this effect.

Will the turbine be appropriate? 7 below the axis of rotation 1 with air 4 the turbine moves differently than a conventional turbine (cf. 5 ) not clockwise, but clockwise ( 7 ).

An explanation of this effect is provided by the 8th and 9 tries. The incoming air 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 bounces on the rotor blades 3 and is compressed and distributed by these, as are the arrows in 8th represent. Part of the air flow 4a . 5a is from the outside of the rotor blades 3 "Reflects", thereby giving an impulse to the turbine counterclockwise.

By far the greater part of the air flow is from the rotor blades 3 directed into the interior of the turbine and compressed there, so that there builds up in the interior of the turbine, an overpressure. This overpressure only occurs when the angle of attack of the rotor blade and its proportion to the turbine diameter are correct. In addition, the correct bending angle on the rotor blade must be optimized by its inclination. This optimization can be further optimized by one or more kinks. This additional optimization should be done on the basis of test series and their evaluations in order to achieve the highest efficiency in the adaptation. In conjunction with the centrifugal forces that form in the rotating turbine, the resulting overpressure inside the turbine exerts a force on the inside of the rotor blades 3 out. These forces are denoted by the reference numeral 8th characterized. They apply torque to the turbine in a clockwise direction. This torque is significantly greater than that of the reflected flow 4a . 5a applied, acting in the reverse direction torque. Therefore, the turbine rotates in a clockwise direction, even if only from one flow 5 is impinged, which impinges on the turbine below the axis of rotation.

These main forces are again in for clarity 9 shown without the air currents.

In addition, due to the curved shape of the rotor blades 3 consisting of three flat surfaces with two kinked edges 9 and 18 (please refer 13 ), buoyancy forces that also rotate the turbine in a clockwise direction.

To explain the buoyancy serve the 10 . 11a . 11b and 11c ,

For an airplane to fly, it needs buoyancy. Buoyancy is created by air coming from the front around the wings 10 (= Wing) flows. Many people believe that it is mainly the air that flows under the wings that carries the aircraft. In fact, this is only partially true. The resulting force under the wings accounts for only about one third of the total lift. The remaining two-thirds of the buoyancy comes from the suction, at the top 11 prevails ( 10 ).

As you can see on the picture, the wing is on the top 11 more curved than on the underside 12 , This curvature is not critical to lift, but improves it. Even a flat wing creates buoyancy. Important is only the so-called angle of attack of the wing - the angle with which the wing stands to the air flow. Due to the laws of the flow, circulation starts at a certain angle around the top and bottom of the wing 13 out ( 11b ).

This circulation behaves in such a way that it flows against the flow on the upper side of the wing with the flow (result: the air flows faster at the top), at the bottom of the wing (result: the air flows slower here). The term circulation, however, can be misleading. In fact, the air does not move against the current. The term is more likely to be understood as a mathematical model for calculating buoyancy.

The curved shape (the tread) of the wing provides increased buoyancy by deflecting the flow at the end of the wing more efficiently downwards. The downward deflected air generates additional lift according to Newton's law of force and counterforce.

The exact principle of buoyancy is very complicated and only very rough in this context. Important for the buoyancy is: The air above the wings flows faster than the air under the wings. Long before the first plane was built, a smart Swiss named Bernoulli realized that the pressure in the air always decreases as their speed increases. In the case of our wing this means that the pressure above the wing is lower than below. Due to this phenomenon, the aircraft is sucked up to 2/3 and only pushed up to 1/3 ( 10 ). And there we have our buoyancy.

Such buoyancy and such circulation also occur in the turbine according to the invention on the rotor blade, such as 12 represents. The centrally directed, for example, on the axis of rotation air flow flows on the bent rotor blade 3 along. A circulation 13 and a boost 14 like an airplane wing is the result. The buoyancy 14 contributes to the rotation of the turbine in the desired clockwise direction.

Since the outer regions of the rotor blades move faster during operation than the air flow acting on the turbine, a circulation arises accordingly 11b that the uplift 14 even stronger.

Another effect is added. Behind the axis of rotation, based on the direction of the air flow acting on the turbine, the turbine sucks in and compresses air, which further increases the efficiency.

In addition, the rotor blades act 3 like an offset funnel, which according to the aerodynamic paradox a negative pressure at the bottom 14 the rotor blades 3 generated, which also drives the turbine in the desired direction of rotation.

In order to explain:

The aerodynamic paradox is a physical phenomenon. To demonstrate it, try to blow out of a funnel a paper bag inserted in it. However, the bag is not blown out, but pressed against the walls of the funnel. This is due to the fact that the air between bag and funnel wall is partially entrained by the injected air flow to the outside; This creates a negative pressure between bag and funnel wall and the external air pressure drives the bag against the funnel wall. This effect was 1826 by Charles Bernard Desormes (1777-1862) and Nicolas Clement (1779-1841) made known.

The operation of the turbine according to the invention, hereinafter referred to as Tanocsturbine, becomes even clearer from the following explanation.

• 1) wenn Wasser seine maximale Abflussgeschwindigkeit erreicht in einem Badewannenabfluss,
• 2) bei einem Zyklon (Twister), wenn mehrere Sturmfronten versuchen, sich auszuweichen.

Tanoc's turbine is supported by the vortex technology. What is a vortex? A vortex is achieved when a flow within other flows / pressures or other physical barriers forms an optimal evasive flow / flow. Examples:

• 1) when water reaches its maximum flow rate in a bathtub drain,
• 2) in a cyclone (Twister), when several storm fronts try to dodge.

A Tanoc turbine works like this:
All known wind turbines work on the same principle. In contrast, the Tanocs works on a different principle. The Tanocs always turn in the same direction, regardless of whether the wind pulse only arrives above or below the axis ( 14 )! In the 14 mean:
31 The direction of rotation is the same
32 Wind impulse only above the axis
33 Wind impulse just below the axis

Performance optimization can be achieved by optimizing the angles of attack, airfoil curvature, airfoil proportion, airfoil distance, and turbine diameter, depending on the application and speed.

The function of an extended Tanoc turbine with active surface function is shown in the following table and in 15 explained. Pos. In Fig. 15 Effect with the use of centrifugal force principle 21 Surface builds up overpressure between turbine and wind impulse Compressor muzzle loader 22 By rotation and angle of attack creates negative pressure Intake stroke on 23 Conducts compressed air (increases flow in the turbine) Compressor On 24 Stabilizes the pressure and promotes flow in the turbine Compressor On 25 Conducts compressed air (increases flow from the turbine) Muzzle Loader Off 26 Reinforces torque on the axle Intake stroke off 27 Reinforces flow from the turbine Intake stroke off 28 Reinforces flow from the turbine Unloader off

So it is described so far in the science: The performance coefficient is therefore only a function of deceleration. How this deceleration is made is not included in the calculation. In practice, however, high performance coefficients can only be achieved with lift rotors ( Albert Betz: Wind energy and its use by windmills, ecobook, Staufen, unchanged reprint from the year 1926 ).

Are there ways to overcome?
Experiments are constantly being reported that purport to have received cP> cP _Betz . It can be assumed that because of the universality of the derivation, such an overcoming of the violation of the conservation law equals energy. A solution was only given by Betz himself: If the rotor modeled as a single 'actuator disk' was given a finite thickness, turbulent fluctuations across the main flow could now introduce additional energy between the front and rear disks.

Attempts to assign a jacketed wind turbine a 'over-Betzwert', often suffer from the wrong choice of the reference surface: Instead of the rotor surface now the largest face of the system, ie in most cases the exit surface of the shell or diffuser, must be used.

Compare now 15 : When the flow hits the turbine, you have a compressor, behind the turbine a diffuser. The correct name of this invention is therefore a combination of compressor, turbine and diffuser.

The invention will now be compared to a congestion charge. The functional principle of the accumulator charge is the following: A turbocharger consists of an exhaust gas turbine in the exhaust gas flow (impulse), which is connected via a shaft to a compressor in the intake tract. The turbine is set in rotation by the exhaust gas flow (impulse) of the engine and thus drives the compressor. The compressor (corresponds 21 in Tanocs) increases the pressure in the intake tract of the engine, so that during the intake stroke (corresponds 22 in Tanocs), a larger amount of air enters the cylinder than with a naturally aspirated engine. This increases the mean pressure of the engine and its torque, which increases the power output. The energy for the charge is through the exhaust gas turbine the fast flowing (corresponds 26 at Tanocs) exhaust gases taken. We must not forget the use and the effect of the centrifugal force of this invention. In extreme cases, the compressed charge air already delivers power from the engine (4-stroke) during the intake stroke. (similar to the Tanocs). The invention utilizes these and other principles of a jet engine in a closed system and not in interaction with a housing.

The correct name of this invention is therefore compressor, turbine and diffuser united.

A diffuser is a component in machinery, power plant, fan, vehicle and aircraft and shipbuilding that slows down gas / liquid flows and increases gas-liquid pressure. In principle, it represents the reversal of a nozzle. It also serves to "recover" kinetic energy in the pipe hydraulics.

In the subsonic area, a diffuser always represents an enlargement of the flow cross-section in the direction of flow of the flowing medium.

To 16 : Mean here
30 pulse
31 1/3 air compression
32 2/3 suck in air
33 compression
34 Speed increases

Comparing the effect and principle of airfoil with the tanocs, one sees why, with the interaction of two wings on the same side and the interaction of two sides, the turbine always turns clockwise.

Possible and advantageous applications:
Wind turbine in different sizes (skyscrapers, on the roof or on the high-back corners)
Detached houses (in or on the roof),
for regional supply on towers or between skyscrapers, under bridges,
as small energy turbines for the garden and the balcony,
as installation in or on existing chimneys (in factories or power plants)
on hall roofs of commercial space
attached to the highway crash barriers to exploit the wind of the passing cars
Wind turbines on mobile devices / vehicles
Cars for driving electric cars (eg on the roof, or rear)
bicycles
scooters
trains
ship
aircraft
helicopters
Marine turbine
to exploit the flow in rivers / dams / streams / waterfalls
to exploit the currents in oceans, straits and tides
attached as a turbine or installed in ships at the bow / stern

Sheathed turbine according to FIGS. 17 to 23

To achieve the optimum performance of the Tanoc turbine, it can be equipped with two Airfoils. The Airfoils consist of two baffles 19 . 20 and an outer panel 21 , The two Airfoils are arranged on both sides and the full length of the turbine and held together with Endblechen.

The turbine is held between the two end plates with bearings on the axle. The curvature of the outer panels 21 stabilizes in turbulence and promotes flow. grid 22 . 23 small animals and birds protect from the opening.

Inside the turbine:

The baffles 19 . 20 Regardless of which direction, the media (eg air) direct the turbine into the turbine with optimum effect, so that an optimal effect is generated within the turbine. The Tanocs spin at twice the speed and torque. In addition to the advantage that the turbine runs quietly and can be mounted on all skyscrapers, bridges and existing structures, it can also be simply coupled to the grid. Large foundations and tower construction are not necessary (as with wind turbines (WKA)).

Other advantages

• - Runs at 0.5 m / s wind speed
• - Does not have to be switched off at high wind speed or storm
• - Runs faster than wind turbines
• - Can be hidden or integrated with new architecture
• - At 5 m / s wind speed you get a 5 times higher torque than a wind turbine (rising tendency)

In the following, the invention will now be described with reference to FIG 24 to 29 described in detail.

In the construction after 26 are four smaller rotor blades between the large rotor blades 3a arranged, which extend only in the region of the outer circumference of the turbine.

Furthermore, one recognizes in the 24 to 26 that the thickness of the rotor blades 3 such as 3a increases from outside to inside. As a result, an additional pressure difference is achieved as in the buoyancy effect of an aircraft wing. The utilization of wind energy is thereby increased.

The front of the wings (rotor blades) has a kink edge at the inner end. The back can be closed with a continuous (without kinked edge) curved surface, as in the 24 . 25 . 26 shown, or may be open, as in 24a shown. This is true for both the long wings 3 as well as for the short wings 3a , The closed shape and thus the closed hollow profile prevents vortices and is therefore cheaper.

You can also see in the 24 to 26 that between the inner end of the rotor blades 3 and the turbine shaft 1 a gap is provided so that the incoming air does not back up, but immediately drains. This measure also increases the efficiency of the turbine.

27 illustrates the operating principle of the rotor after 26 , It is not a drag rotor like the Savonius or Darrieus turbine. The wind maintains positive pressure in front of and inside the turbine, similar to an air pressure chamber. The energy is generated when the air that exerts the pressure on the wings exits the turbine, similar to a window on the suction side of a house (cf. 28 ). Then the turbine rotates. The overpressure remains proportional to the wind speed.

On the right side of the 27 you have a fast air movement and on the left side a slow air movement, whereby the pressure is built up. The slow flow of compressed air provides little resistance to the turbine as opposed to the operation of the Savonius turbine. The flow is also fast enough to maintain the overpressure (top of the figure) or the suction (bottom of the figure). The direction of rotation of the turbine is in 27 through the arrow 27 displayed. The ratio of peripheral speed to wind speed is 2: 1 in contrast to the Savonius turbine with a ratio of 1: 1. The direction of rotation and the torque are caused by the pressure equalization, similar to a window 31 opens at the suction side of a house. If there is a door on the opposite side of the same house 32 is opened, the window works 31 jerky, even if there is no wind on the pressure side of the house (see 28 ).

The closing of the window has nothing to do with the wind speed, but with the pressure equalization. This makes it clear that the turbine mold according to the invention does not work due to the wind speed as in the Savonius or Darrieus turbine, but due to the pressure equalization. This means that a classification of this turbine according to the Betz law is questionable.

In this way it is understandable why the efficiency of the turbine according to the invention is higher than in other conventional turbines.

29 illustrates the operation of the turbine on the principle of the air pressure chamber. If over a compressor 28 and a hose 29 Pressure in the air pressure chamber 30 is built, the bottom turns in 29 shown turbine. The higher the air pressure in the chamber, the faster the turbine turns and the higher the torque on the axle. A slow flow of compressed air hardly provides any resistance on the turbine in contrast to the Savonius turbine. The torque is therefore always higher in the turbine according to the invention than in a Savonius rotor.

The mode of operation of the turbine according to the invention can also be explained on the basis of the mode of operation of a Kaplan turbine, as will be described below.

By balancing water, the Kaplan turbine has the ability to harvest energy, not through water velocity.

principle of operation

The impeller is similar to the Kaplan turbine, a ship propeller whose wings are adjustable. Turbines without this wing adjustment are referred to as propeller turbines. However, a relatively constant amount of water should be available for the use of a propeller turbine, since the efficiency drops rapidly in the partial load range. The water is twisted by a spiral and the tail, also known as vanes, ensures that the water meets the blades parallel to the shaft and thereby the Energy transfers. The water pressure decreases steadily from entry into the impeller to the outlet. The Kaplan turbine is therefore an overpressure turbine. Through the suction pipe, the water leaves the turbine.

The installation is usually vertical, so that the water flows through from top to bottom. The achieved efficiency is in the range of 80-95%. The adjustable guide and impeller blades allow the Kaplan turbine to be regulated. As a result, it can be better adjusted to the respective amount of water and drop height. It is ideally suited for use at low to lowest heads and large and fluctuating flow rates. The Kaplan turbine is thus predestined for large river power plants in calm flowing large waters.

This turbine can be mounted horizontally and vertically.

Further advantages of the wind turbine according to the invention

The wings do not rotate faster than the wind.

The turbines according to the invention are very simple to construct.

The turbines are set up very quickly and very easily where the wind conditions are best.

No high-tech machines are needed for production.

A quick assembly is another advantage.

The production can be made directly on the wind farm.

A construction without heavy cranes is possible.

Difficult safety precautions need not be taken into account, as is the case in the prior art masts with vertically oriented axes of rotation.

The power density is much higher than any known wind turbine.

Inexpensive support structures made of steel are possible.

Therefore, when one of the generators shuts down, the remaining generators work less redundantly.

Unlike wind turbines with masts and horizontal axles, the turbines according to the invention are perfectly suited for pumping water since they generate a very high torque.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

axis of rotation

2

endplates

3

Rotor blade, big

3a

Rotor blade, small

4

Air (-Strömung)

5

Air (-Strömung)

6

Air (-Strömung)

7

Air (-Strömung)

4a

reflected flow

5a

reflected flow

4b

into the turbine penetrating flow

5b

into the turbine penetrating flow

6b

into the turbine penetrating flow

7b

into the turbine penetrating flow

8th

force

9

first bending edge

10

wing

11

top

12

bottom

13

circulation

14

Negative pressure at bottom

15

outer area

16

top

17

inner area

18

second bending edge

19

baffle

20

baffle

21

outer panel

22

grid

23

grid

24

Airfoil 1

25

Airfoil 2

26

foot

27

arrow

28

compressor

29

tube

30

Air pressure chamber

31

window

32

door

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102008049826 A1 [0002, 0018, 0024, 0052]

Cited non-patent literature

• Albert Betz: Wind energy and its use by windmills, ecobook, Staufen, unchanged reprint from 1926 [0003]
• Loth and McCoy 1983 [0011]
• 1826 by Charles Bernard Desormes (1777-1862) and Nicolas Clement (1779-1841) [0071]
• Albert Betz: Wind energy and its utilization by windmills, ecobook, Staufen, unchanged reprint from the year 1926 [0077]

Claims (7)

Turbine in the form of a radial turbine, with rotor blades aligned parallel to the axis of rotation, wherein the rotor blades ( 3 ) are oriented out of the radial direction in the direction of the tangential plane and obliquely to the radius and to the tangential plane and the outer region ( 15 ) is even more angled in the direction of the tangential plane and in particular the inner region ( 17 ) is angled in the direction of the radius and in particular the inner region ( 17 ) is angled in the direction of the radius, and that the rotor blades with at least one, preferably two baffles ( 19 . 20 ), which are in particular spirally curved inward, characterized in that the rotor blades have a curved surface without kinking edges, that the rotor blades form a hollow profile and are aligned from the radial direction in the direction of the tangential plane and obliquely to the radius and the tangential plane and that the obliquely outwardly directed surface (top 16 ) of the rotor blades is more outwardly curved than the inwardly directed surface (bottom 14 ). Turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the hollow profile is closed or open. Turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that eight rotor blades ( 3 ) are provided, which evenly around the rotor axis ( 1 ) are arranged distributed. Turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that four rotor blades ( 3 ) are provided, which evenly around the rotor axis ( 1 ) are arranged distributed. Turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that between the rotor blades ( 3 ) smaller rotor blades ( 3a ), which extend only in the region of the outer circumference of the turbine. Turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that with closed hollow profile, the thickness of the rotor blades ( 3 ) increases from outside to inside. Turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that a gap between the inner end of the rotor blades ( 3 ) and the turbine shaft ( 1 ) is provided.

Images