DE112017004377B4 - wind turbine plant - Google Patents

Abstract

A wind turbine plant having a rotor mounted in a rotor case and in the form of a centrifugal wheel with turbine blades, and including a windbreak assembly having vertically oriented blades oriented in the direction of wind flow, the blades being staggered by a vertical passage between them are, wherein the rotor is also attached to the windbreak device and is in connection with it, the rotor housing has outlet connections, one end of each of which is connected to the interior of the rotor housing and is directed towards the rotor body, while the respective free end is connected to a Air duct of the wind catcher device is directed, characterized in that the turbine blades of the rotor are attached to the centrifugal wheel from the inner surface of the rotor housing and are directed along the chords of the rotor housing and that stiffeners are attached to the blades of the wind catcher device, which in one Angles to the horizontal plane are arranged with an inclination in the direction of the wind flow.

Description

The invention relates to wind energy installations, in particular wind turbine installations, which can be used as an autonomous energy source and enable an environmentally friendly, safe and reliable power supply.

In the DE 10 2007 049 590 A1 a vertical wind turbine is disclosed in which, in particular, the shaft 7 and the propeller 11 are realized in such a way that part of the wind flow passes through the openings 8, 12 and is directed into the chimney 10.

This leads to a reduction in the efficiency of the wind turbine.

It is a patent wind turbine plant RU 2 286 477 C2 is known which includes a rotor mounted for rotation within a housing. The rotor consists of a shaft on which radial types are mounted upright at a certain distance from the center of the turbine blade, which are connected to the shaft by means of brackets. The casing is stationary and consists of a vane having upstanding vanes installed at an acute angle to the outer edge of the radial turbine blades and forming outer windflow channels tangential to the inner periphery of the unit. The lower part of the rotor is made in the form of an axial turbine. Axial rotor blades are installed on the shaft and are designed to work in the airflow exiting the vanes. Additional moving blades are installed in the lower part of the body and are located radially inside a shroud. The upper part of the shroud is fixed to the casing and the lower end of the rotor is supported on pods rigidly attached to the ends of a tapered nozzle. There are air duct windows in the lower part of the hollow body.

It is also a patent wind turbine plant RU 2 488 019 C1 is known which includes a stator having upper and lower bases interconnected and inwardly directed by vertical vanes. The rotor is located in the stator and is equipped with longitudinal blades. The rotor is in the form of a hollow cone tapering upwards. The rotor blades are mounted on their outer surface and oriented at an angle to the axis of symmetry of the rotor. Lamellar crosses are installed in the inner cavity of the rotor and connect the rotor to an upper and a lower axis of rotation. The lower base of the stator is designed with the possibility of air flow inside the rotor. The upper base of the stator has a conical part narrowing and directed towards the lower base and an axial hole whose diameter is larger than the upper diameter of the rotor cone. An annular gap is formed between them. An additional impeller is installed on an upper semi-shaft of the rotor and extends into a conical part of the upper base of the stator. However, systems of this type have insufficient efficiency since they do not allow the residual energy of the wind power emerging from the wind turbine system to be reused.

The closest analogue is a wind turbine installation from patent document KZ 24451, which includes a multi-cell bucket with cochlear wind receiving channels with immovable vertical blades and a rotor with quadrangular blades fixed upwind and downwind. The wind entering the snail-shaped chambers, which forms the upper roof and the lower level of the blade through blades perpendicular to the wind direction, reaches the blades on the working side of the wind wheel (rotor) through the open half of a windbreak device, which are at a certain angle of attack to the wind direction are arranged. It rotates on its axis through the rotor's frame, which is located within the yurt-shaped steel hull, which in turn is located within the cochlear-shaped air inlet. The rotor blades are mounted with upturned ends that provide additional resistance to the wind and direct the air up to a diluent for release into the atmosphere. At the entrance to the air intake ducts, lamellar devices are provided, which form safeguards protecting the structure from unfavorable natural weather conditions (stormy weather, eddies, etc.).

The rotor in this design is installed in such a way that its axis of rotation is perpendicular to the incoming air flow. With this design, the rotor dimensions for optimal operation of the system should be comparable to the size of a windscreen device, which makes it impossible for the system to function in strong wind gusts with considerable wind turbine dimensions. This is confirmed by the presence of lamellar systems, which stop the operation of the system in strong winds.

This wind turbine plant has low efficiency in strong gusts of wind due to the difficulty of balancing the rotor with such dimensions. This leads to vibrations at high Rotational speeds of the rotor and its subsequent destruction by centrifugal forces. In addition, the efficiency of such a system is low during operation, since reuse of the residual energy of the wind power coming from the wind power system is not guaranteed.

The wind catching device of the wind turbine plant, which is known from the closest analogue, is designed with a flat, straight surface, which is not aerodynamically designed, since in the case of a wind brake it is not parallel to the blade plane and does not reflect in the direction of the wind turbine. This also leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the plant. During the operation of the device, the wind flow entering the rotor interacts with only part of its upper surface, which does not ensure high efficiency of the device.

The technical problem that the invention is intended to solve is the insufficient efficiency of the known wind turbines.

The technical result of the claimed solution is to increase the efficiency of the installation for any duration, speed and direction of the wind.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the wind turbine installation has a rotor built into the casing, made in the form of a centrifugal wheel with blades, and a windbreak device with upright blades, curved in the direction of wind flow and offset in series relative to each other are. The air duct, in which the rotor is mounted on and in communication with the blade, includes a rotor housing with outlet tubes, each of which has one end connected to the inside of the rotor housing, while the free end is directed into the cowl air duct.

The rotor blades may be mounted on a centrifugal impeller on the inner surface of the casing and directed along chords of the rotor casing.

Reinforcements can be attached to the blades of the windbreak device, which are arranged at an angle to the horizontal plane with an inclination in the wind flow direction. The stiffeners can be made on the insides and/or on the outsides of the blades.

The upright blades of the cowl are curved in the direction of the wind flow and their installation is offset with successive overlap to form a vertical channel during operation of the installation while the wind flow entering the cowl is tornado shaped. By placing the rotor on the cowl and closing the rotor body and communicating with the blade air duct, further wind flow at the blades of the inner surface of the rotor is ensured. In this case, the wind flow interacts with the entire upper inner surface of the rotor, which increases the efficiency of the installation. Due to the presence of outlet pipes on the outside of the rotor housing, one of the ends of which communicates with the inner part of the rotor and the free ends are directed to the air duct of the windbreak device, the air flow entering the rotor is drawn back into the blade space. This makes it possible to reuse the residual energy coming from the system, and the wind power and thus the efficiency of the system are increased at any duration and wind speed.

The exhaust air flow in the proposed plant without negative interaction with the blown plant wind is not thrown up with a residual potential and enters the cowl air duct through outlet nozzles for reuse, thereby increasing the efficiency. Thus, the wind flow energy is maximally used to rotate the rotor blades, even with minimal rotor dimensions relative to the cowl.

In the design of a wind turbine plant according to the invention, the rotor casing with a centrifugal wheel and outlet nozzles is similar in design to an inverted centrifugal fan, in which the centrifugal wheel is not driven by an electric motor but by an upflow of wind. The centrifugal impeller shaft is a rotor shaft connected to a generator. Since the speed of the wind flow acting on the centrifugal wheel is directly proportional to the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the wind flow entering the windbreak along the entire height to the cross-sectional area of the vertical duct, the speed of the wind flow acting on the centrifugal wheel is an order of magnitude greater than the speed of the in wind flow entering the vestibule. The blades connected by stiffeners that overlap and one forming a vertically oriented duct serve as a whole as a reducer in front of the generator, rather than a typical reducer drive connecting the rotor to the generator as in the closest analogue.

Since the rotor does not have to be mounted over the entire height of the system, the design of the wind turbine system is simplified. At the same time, reliability and performance in any wind are increased due to the minimal dimensions of the factory-balanced centrifugal impeller in relation to the dimensions of the entire wind turbine plant. The performance of a wind turbine is determined by the ratio of the height of the blades and the diameter of the vertical duct. Since the minimization of the diameter is limited by the air friction forces that occur, the scope of the diameter can be limited by the lack of free space.

The main way to increase performance is to increase the height of the wind turbine unit while maintaining the stability and durability of the design, which is provided by the length of the blades overlapping each other and the length of the pair of stiffeners with the blades.

Unlike the closest analogue, in which the wind flow speed is converted into the generator speed by a rotor with a height equal to the height of the wind turbine, in the claimed wind turbine installation the generator rotor is a kinematic chain with gears that increase the generator speed and complicate the design connected directly to the rotor of the wind turbine plant in the form of a centrifugal wheel, the dimensions of which are minimal compared to the body of a wind turbine plant, which is designed without an intermediate kinematic transmission scheme of rotation. Thanks to the inventive design, which increases the speed of the wind flow interacting with the centrifugal wheel in relation to the blowing wind turbine plant to increase the efficiency of the plant, it is operable in light winds, including by returning the consumed wind power to the wind turbine plant.

Minimizing the size and mass of the rotor with blades made in the form of a centrifugal wheel, limited only by the frictional force of the wind flow in a narrow vertical channel, ensures the efficiency of the wind turbine installation in any wind that the occurrence of a destructive centrifugal force is eliminated, which is proportional to the mass and the square of the turning radius.

• 1 eine allgemeine Ansicht einer Windturbinenanlage;
• 2 einen Lötschnitt einer Windturbinenanlage;
• 3 einen Schnitt entlang der Linie A-A einer Windturbinenanlage;
• 4 einen Schnitt entlang der Linie B-B der Windturbinenanlage;
• 5 eine Ansicht „G“ der Windturbinenanlage.

A special case of the invention is illustrated in FIG. the 1 - 5 demonstrate:

• 1 a general view of a wind turbine plant;
• 2 a soldering section of a wind turbine plant;
• 3 a section along the line AA of a wind turbine system;
• 4 a section along line BB of the wind turbine plant;
• 5 a view "G" of the wind turbine plant.

1

Rotor

2

Gehäuse

3

Auslassstutzen

4

Schaufel

5

Versteifungsträger

6

Turbinenschaufel.

The following reference numbers 1 - 6 are indicated in Figures 1 - 5:

1

rotor

2

Housing

3

outlet nozzle

4

shovel

5

stiffening beam

6

turbine blade.

In the particular case of the wind turbine plant with a vertical axis of rotation, a rotor 1, in the form of a centrifugal wheel, comprises a rotor 1 housed in a casing 2 and having outlet nozzles 3 tangentially arranged on its periphery and arranged on a blade. Wind blades 6 of the centrifugal impeller are aligned along the chords of the casing 2 of the rotor 1 in a horizontal plane at an angle to its radii with the possibility of their rotation around the vertical axis. A windbreak device consists of vertical blades 4, which are mounted overlapping. There is a single vertical slot ter channel formed with stiffeners 5, which are arranged at an angle to the horizontal plane with an inclination in the direction of wind flow on the inside and outside of the blades 4. Outlet nozzles 3, which are attached to the tangential body 2 of the rotor 1, are in the direction of the windbreak device. The blades 6 of the centrifugal impeller extend around the axis of rotation of the centrifugal impeller with a smooth change from the vertical of its surface to a right angle to continue the trajectory of the position of the stiffening beams 5 located on the windbreak device.

Among the dimensions between the wind turbine system and the chimney sizes, the diameter of the wind turbine to the height is visual.

An example of a wind turbine plant for single use is a design with a height of about 10 m and a diameter of 0.4 m in the middle part of the duct with a maximum passage of 1.5 m with six blades 4 and six outlet nozzles 3 with a maximum clearance for the inflowing wind into the blade 0.5 m in the entire height and wind speed of 1 m/s at the entrance of the windbreak device.

In this case, the estimated speed of the wind flow acting on the centrifugal wheel is calculated as follows: $$\text{V}=1\text{m}/\text{s}\left(0.5\text{m}\cdot 10\text{m}\right)+\left(3.14-0.4\text{m}\cdot 0.4\text{m}+4\right)=5+0.1256\text{m}/\text{s}*40\text{m}/\text{s}$$

Taking into account the friction losses and the change in the trajectory of the wind flow in a wind turbine installation, its adjustment speed on the centrifugal wheel is an order of magnitude higher than the speed at the entrance to the windbreak device.

In the wind turbine plant according to the invention, the curved planes of the blades 4 can be made in the form of lattice frames made of rectangular tubes covered on both sides with translucent materials, for example based on polycarbonate, in order to increase the height difference in the vertical channel caused by heating (air in sunny weather). This design with constant deflection of the exhaust air flow into the side cavities of the windbreak device, which is formed by the blades 4, contributes to the continuous accumulation of wind flow generated in a wind turbine, which also contributes to increased efficiency in low-strength winds.

In order to increase efficiency, it is possible to align flexible solar cells on the inner concave surface of the blades 4.

The stiffeners 5 are curved lengthwise upwards so that their downwind inclination to the horizontal becomes zero, and the angle of inclination of the stiffener end at the interface with the vertical channel at a distance of 60°<a<90° to the horizontal with the twisting of the target is determined.

The stiffeners 5 are made of sheet metal with flanges on both sides and are assembled with adjacent ones by threaded connections through flanges and through a frame of the blades 4. In this case, a rigid version is formed from these, which are produced at the top of the wind turbine system by a common flange of the stationary housing 2 of the centrifugal impeller and the blades 4 with anchor bolts on the concrete foundation.

The upper corner of the protruding part of the turbine blades 6 in the direction of the axis of rotation is bent along their diagonals to continue the trajectory of installation of the stiffeners 5.

The number of blades 4 is limited only by the range of installation site of the wind turbine plant, since the diameter of the vertical duct and the span radius of the windbreak device have to be increased in order to obtain a spacing between the blades 4 for the passage of the wind flow.

The number of outlet nozzles 3 corresponds to the number of blades 4 or is several times smaller.

In the particular case of the embodiment of the blade 6, the rotor 1 can be mounted on a centrifugal impeller from the inner surface of the casing 2 along the chords of the casing 2 of the rotor 1 in the horizontal plane.

Each blade 4 of the cowl is fixed and may be part of the side surface of a cylinder with a variable roll radius, for example a half cylinder, a segment of 1/3 of a cylinder or a segment of 1/4 of a cylinder.

The blades 4 have a streamlined aerodynamic shape and are equally spaced from each other. The blades 4 of the windbreak device can be made of a stiffener 5 placed at an angle to the horizontal plane with an inclination in the wind flow direction. The stiffeners 5 can be attached to the inner and/or outer sides of the blades 1, which further increases the rigidity and aerodynamics of the device and also the efficiency of the plant. The turbine blades 6 of the centrifugal impeller can be lengthened to the axis of rotation with a smooth change from the perpendicular of their surface to a right angle to continue the trajectory of movement of the location of the stiffeners 5.

The housing 2 of the rotor 1 contains the walls and a top cover, which prevents the negative interaction of the inflated wind and the loss of wind energy potential. The lower part of the housing 1 is open so that the housing 1 communicates with the channel.

• Wenn ein Windstoß die Windfangeinrichtung mit geneigten Versteifungen 5 trifft, wird ein aufwärts gerichteter Luftstrom gebildet, der entlang einer verdrehten Flugbahn eines vertikalen Kanals auf die Schaufeln 6 des Zentrifugalrads des Rotors 1 strömt, der in Richtung der Windströmung abgewinkelt ist. Die vertikalen Abschnitte der Turbinenschaufeln 6 werden durch einen Überdruck des aufwärts gerichteten Luftstroms beeinflusst, der bewirkt, dass sie sich relativ zur vertikalen Achse des Rotors 1 drehen. Danach tritt der Luftstrom rückwärts in Windfangeinrichtung in die Auslassstutzen 3, die durch diesen hindurchtreten, ohne vom Gegenwind gebremst zu werden.

The system works as follows:

• When a gust of wind hits the windbreak device with inclined stiffeners 5, an upward air flow is formed, which flows along a twisted trajectory of a vertical channel onto the blades 6 of the centrifugal impeller of the rotor 1 angled in the direction of the wind flow. The vertical sections of the turbine blades 6 are affected by an overpressure of the upward airflow, which causes them to rotate relative to the vertical axis of the rotor 1. Thereafter, the airflow occurs backwards in the windbreak device into the outlet nozzles 3, which pass through them without being slowed down by the headwind.

The proposed wind turbine installation design is efficient and energy efficient for any duration and wind speed, resulting in a significant reduction in electricity costs.

The principle of operation of the wind turbine plant according to the invention can be used to remove moisture from the air - the cause of pressure and temperature drop with accelerated air movement within a vertical duct, as well as for cooling hot water in cooling towers.

Claims (4)

A wind turbine plant comprising a rotor mounted in a rotor housing and in the form of a centrifugal wheel with turbine blades, and including a windbreak assembly having vertically oriented blades oriented in the direction of wind flow, the blades being staggered by a vertical passage between them are, wherein the rotor is also attached to the windbreak device and is in connection with it, the rotor housing has outlet connections, one end of each of which is connected to the interior of the rotor housing and is directed towards the rotor body, while the respective free end is connected to a Air duct of the wind catcher device is directed, characterized in that the turbine blades of the rotor are attached to the centrifugal wheel from the inner surface of the rotor housing and are directed along the chords of the rotor housing and that stiffeners are attached to the blades of the wind catcher device, which in e are arranged at an angle to the horizontal plane with an inclination in the direction of the wind flow. wind turbine plant claim 1 , characterized in that the stiffeners are attached to the insides of the blades. wind turbine plant claim 1 , characterized in that the stiffeners are attached to the outer sides of the blades. wind turbine plant claim 1 , characterized in that the stiffeners are attached to the inside and outside of the blades.

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