EP2064444A2

EP2064444A2 - Wind power installation

Info

Publication number: EP2064444A2
Application number: EP07802209A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Ramona Themel
Original assignee: Aerovigor Hungaria Kft
Current assignee: Aerovigor Hungaria Kft
Priority date: 2006-09-08
Filing date: 2007-09-07
Publication date: 2009-06-03
Also published as: WO2008028675A3; WO2008028675A2; DE202006013779U1

Abstract

The invention relates to a wind power installation, comprising a rotor (7) through which flow passes and which has a plurality of rotor blades (9, 10, 11) which can rotate about the rotation axis (8) which runs at right angles to the direction of the wind flow (S), and an inlet surface structure with a plurality of inlet surfaces (4, 5) which feed the wind flow (S) to the rotor blades (9, 10, 11), in which at least some of the inlet surfaces (4, 5) are aligned radially towards the rotation axis (8) of the rotor (7).

Description

Wind turbine

description

The invention relates to a wind turbine with a rotor whose axis of rotation is arranged transversely to the wind flow, for energy production, wherein a rotor according to the flow principle converts the energy and an outer inlet surface construction is provided to supply air to the rotor. The areas of application of these plants are the industrial sector, wind farms and the home area.

From DE 299 00 664 such a flow energy plant is known. In order for the tail to work at this plant, it requires tracking in the wind direction of a very high wind speed. The wind only flows past the system because there is no flow tendency. This means that the flow diverges on the free side. It creates a swirl pad, the flow is passed by. This state occurs immediately when the saturation of the recording volume in the rotor has taken place. It is also disadvantageous that the rotor operates without flow. The system also does not have sufficient frequency consistency and only begins to work at relatively high wind speeds. However, power is not generated immediately.

From DE 195 14 499 another wind turbine is known. This system works on the wind pressure principle. Since it does not have a flow-through rotor, only about 20% of the flow is converted into energy. Even the wind pressure can not develop properly in this rotor. Because of the poor frequency consistency such systems are subject to large downtime. Even at wind speeds of 10 to 30 m / s, they always remain slower. This plant will always be disadvantaged compared to other turbines with aerodynamic wing shape and flow, as they are capable of approximately 42% of the flow implement. Since the rotor operating on the wind pressure principle will always run much slower than the flow velocity, the static of the system and also the torque suffers, especially at high wind loads.

From DE 199 20 560 a further flow system is known. The 12 guide devices provided there allow only a 70% use of the front flow. The three rotor blades and their shape creates a pressure column in the middle of the rotor, which equally breaks down the flow. The aerodynamic wing shape can therefore not unfold.

Furthermore, from WO 81/00463 another wind turbine is known. The system has 12 vertical inlets and 12 horizontal inlets. In the rotor of this plant 24 blades are arranged. Disadvantages of this system are the inlet faces lying too flat. As a result, too high a backflow builds up in the inlet surfaces, which does not allow the actual inflow to the rotor. This already destroys a high proportion of energy. The 24 blades in the rotor have no flow through, so the urgently needed flow of about 15% is greatly undercut. Thus, the only working pressure of theoretically 15% can not even be implemented. The flow breaks down. The flow pressure works in the rotor blades only up to the respective Leitflächenende and discharges the pressure in the subsequent compartment. The result is an undesirable back pressure.

DE 31 29 660 discloses another solution for a wind turbine. The conversion of wind energy into rotational energy takes place with a large number of rotor blades on the rotors. The rotor axis itself is orthogonal to the plane of the possible wind direction. This vertical runner generates its power by surrounding the rotor with its stator having a plurality of equally spaced stator blades. These stator blades form tapered channels towards the rotor, which are arranged obliquely to the rotor. This plant has the disadvantage that it with the structural arrangement of the inlet surfaces uses too little of the frontal Anströmfläche for energy conversion. The reason for this disadvantage lies in the inlet faces lying too flat, whereby only a maximum of 75% of the frontal inflow surface can be used. The remaining 25% are simply diverted outward around the plant. The urgently needed flow of at least 15% will be undercut in any case, because this rotor has no Durchströmmöglichkeit. It may even happen that the flow breaks down or that the system works only at particularly high flow velocities of about 30 m / s. Even at such high flow velocities such a system is only able to convert at most 15% of the impinging working flow into energy. Rotor and inlet surfaces practice in the listed arrangement and in the energy conversion no effective interaction.

From WO 91/19093 another wind turbine is known. It works on the principle of flow. This system converts the wind pressure and a part of the aerodynamics. The eight-wing rotor is tuned to the 16 inlet elements. The disclosed introduction surface principle only provides about 85% front surface utilization, without coming close to the ideal state. The loss of capacity is due to the falsification of the flow. Despite the incorporated through-flow capability, the eight rotor blades form too extreme a funnels. The result is a hindrance to the flow. The rotor blades are too short and provide the wind flow too short work path. With this design, it is also not possible to accommodate a fully working aerodynamics. It does not work the flow from the inside out. Due to the funnel behavior, the flow can not become active. The distance of the housing to the rotor is too large, because the pressure can escape easily.

The invention therefore has the task of creating a wind turbine of the type mentioned, with the aim of implementing as much flow energy in kinetic energy of the rotor. - A -

The object is achieved according to a first aspect of the invention by a wind turbine with the technical features indicated in claim 1, as well as according to a second aspect of the invention by a wind turbine with the technical features indicated in claim 27.

In the subclaims further preferred embodiments of the invention are mentioned.

According to the invention, an ideal intake of the flow takes place in the first place and the flow is compressed precisely on the right side of the flow. By a good interaction of flow pressure and aerodynamics with the fins, an ideal conversion of the flow energy can take place. The system statics is protected by the fact that the achieved good frequency constancy an ideal weight and mass balance takes place. The invention also makes it possible for the aerodynamics on the rotor blades to begin to work as quickly as possible. In the inventive design of the profiles of the rotor blades is therefore both as a preferred embodiment of the arrangement of

Einleitflächenkonstruktion according to the first aspect of the invention as well as a separate second aspect of the invention, a protection seen and claimed. The system can run to hurricane without being damaged and without having to be shut down. The system also fits into the landscape and is not as obtrusive, as is the case with the systems with horizontal axis. Cost-effective materials can be used to build the plant to achieve a positive cost / benefit effect.

The system according to the invention can work independent of the direction of the wind. It can comprise a foundation, a machine room, a tower-like machine structure and a roof. The machine structure then preferably consists of a body made of two or more base plates, between which the inlet constructions are located. The floors are preferably formed by the base floors, with one floor between two floors. Two floors thus have three floors. The maximum height of the system is determined by the approved static calculation, as well as the possibilities of the system diameter and the possible rotor axis lengths. For reasons of statics, the guide surfaces in the individual floors are advantageously arranged directly above one another. The flow in the system is compressed in the direction of the rotors, so that the flow velocity is increased. The baffles are preferably seated in the plant such that "back-going vanes" (ie vanes not driven by the windstream in the desired direction of rotation) are freed from the front inflow The rotor preferably has three vanes that operate on a flow-through principle The base of a Bernard cell and represents a conically upwardly running honeycomb shape. The advantage of this

Design is that the wind is better passed through this slope in the system. The arrangement of the inlet surfaces is designed so that the flow always flows on the pointing in the direction of rotation of the rotor side of the rotor. At their end adjacent to each corner of the hexagonal carcass, the large inlet surfaces preferably point in the direction of the rotor axis and are bent at the end in the direction of rotation of the rotor. In between, preferably sit the 6 small inlet surfaces, which are preferably in the direction of rotation subsequent body edge in a parallel direction. These small lead-in surfaces preferably correspond to one third of the large guide surfaces in their charge.

The roof may have an elevation in the middle and thus protrude so that the whole system is covered. The wings of the rotor may consist of a straight piece in the inner part and in the outer, the wind flow facing part consist of a rounding. The straight piece then preferably has the length of one sixth of the diameter of the rotor circle and the rounding is preferably exactly the curvature of one-eighth of the diameter of the rotor circle. At The leading edge of the rotor blades may still be a chamfer attached. The large baffles have a distance from the rotor due to the hexagonal design of the carcase. This space can be used to insert pointing in the direction of rotation of the rotor curvatures. It is also worthwhile, as a variant, to draw in a pressure-side tangent so that the negative pressure and the overpressure stand out better. Instead of the bevel on the leading edge of the wings, a round rod, which is incorporated with the wing shape, would be advantageous. The rotor floors and the floors are usually at the same height.

The invention will be explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment. In the accompanying drawings shows:

Figure 1 is a vertical section of a wind turbine as a large system.

Figure 2 is a horizontal section of the wind turbine.

Fig. 3 is a vertical section of a wind turbine in smaller

Execution;

4 shows a horizontal section of a rotor with three wings.

5 shows a large introduction surface with right curvature.

6 shows a horizontal section of a wing, variant I;

7 shows a horizontal section of a wing, variant II; and

8 shows a machine room body in the form of a hexagonal body.

On a foundation 1 is a machine room 2, which is connected to a machine body 3. The machine structure 3 exists from six pieces large inlet surfaces 4, six small inlet surfaces 5, the floors 6 and the rotor 7. The machine structure 3 may consist of a different number of floors 12. Each floor consists of a floor 6 above floor and a bottom floor 6 below, as well as large inlet surfaces 4 and small inlet surfaces. 5

The large inlet surfaces 4 and the small inlet surfaces 5 are with the shelves 6, the static components in the floor 12. The connection of these components is carried out by welding. The top floor 12 receives a roof 13. In the hexagonal shaft 14, the vertical rotor system is arranged, which comprises the rotatable about the rotor axis 8 rotor 7. The rotor system also includes a generator 15 and rotor floor 16 floors on the rotor floors 16, the rotor blades 9, 10 and 11 are arranged on each floor 12. The direction of rotation of the rotor R is directed counterclockwise. The rotor blades 9, 10 and 11 have in their design in the interior a straight profile 17 with a length of one-sixth of the rotor diameter 19. In the outwardly adjoining region 18, the rotor blades 9, 10, 11 extend in a circular curve, the diameter of the curvature equal to one-eighth the diameter 19 of the rotor outer circle K is. The flowed by the wind flow outer edges of the rotor blades 9, 10 and 11 are the rotor axis 8 exactly 120 ° apart. The inner end 20 of the rotor blades 9, 10, 11 lies on a circle Ki about the center of the rotor axis 8, whose diameter is one quarter of the diameter 19 of the rotor outer circle K.

The rotor blades 9, 10 and 11 have in variant I (FIG. 6) on their front side a flat iron projection 21. The large inlet surfaces 4 and the small inlet surfaces 5 have the particular task of covering the returning rotor blades 9, 10 and 11 and the flow as a whole to lead to the front in the direction of rotation of the rotor side. The big ones

Inlet surfaces 4 are provided on the rotor 7 adjacent in the direction of rotation of the rotor R (whose direction of rotation is directed counterclockwise) with a right curvature 22, so that the air diverted in the direction of rotation becomes. The projection 23 of the large inlet surfaces 4 corresponds at least to the radius of the rotor outer circle K and they are aligned exactly to the center of the rotor axis 8. The small inlet surfaces 5 are arranged in the circumferential direction exactly in the middle between the large inlet surfaces 4. These small inlet surfaces 5 have only one third of

Projection 23 of the large inlet surfaces 4 and are always aligned so that they point in the same direction as the following in the direction of rotation of the rotor hexagonal line 24. In the flow direction S of the wind, the system is flowed around so that on the right (ie in the direction of rotation lying) leeward side of the Magnus effect cooperates and another compartment 25 served. The static is loaded at hurricane forces only with the Flettner effect, which is not threatening. The second variant of the wings 9, 10 and 11 shown in Fig. 7 has instead of the flat iron approach 21 a round rod made of iron 26 and a built pressure side tangent 27. When the flow S from the rotor presses the flat iron lug 21 and the round rod of iron 26 at the flow S and pushes one last time to the rotor blades 9, 10 and 11. By the pressure side tangent 27 used increases the flow difference and there is a higher aerodynamic buoyancy and better power transmission. The surface of the rotor blades 9, 10 and 11 and the large inlet surfaces 4 and the small inlet surfaces 5 must have a smooth surface. The rotor floors 16 and the floors 6 sit at the same height.

Claims

claims

A wind turbine, comprising: a flow-through rotor (7) having a plurality of rotor blades (9, 10,

11), which are rotatable about a rotational axis (8) running transversely to the direction of the wind flow (S), and an inlet surface construction having a plurality of inlet surfaces (4, 5) which direct the wind flow (S) to the rotor vanes (9, 10, 11 ), characterized in that at least a part of the inlet surfaces (4, 5) is aligned radially towards the axis of rotation (8) of the rotor (7).

2. Wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor (7) is rotatably mounted on a skeleton of the wind turbine and the Einleitflächenkonstruktion is held stationary on the skeleton, wherein the inlet surfaces (4, 5) at a distance from each other about the rotor (7 ) are arranged around.

3. Wind turbine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the Einleitflächenkonstruktion large inlet surfaces (4) and small inlet surfaces (5), wherein a respective small inlet surface (5) between two large inlet surfaces (4) is arranged, wherein between two each large inlet surfaces (4) preferably at least one, more preferably, exactly one, small inlet surface (5) is arranged.

4. Wind power plant according to claim 3, characterized in that the Einleitflächenkonstruktion between 3 and 10, preferably six large inlet surfaces (4) and between 3 and 10, preferably six small inlet surfaces (5).

5. Wind power plant according to claim 3 or 4, characterized the large inlet surfaces (4) are aligned radially with respect to the axis of rotation (8) of the rotor (7).

6. Wind power plant according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the small inlet surfaces (5) the wind flow

(S) in the direction of rotation of the rotor (7).

7. Wind turbine according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the rotor (7) in a hexagonal shaft (14) of a machine structure (3) is arranged, wherein the axis of rotation (8) of the

Rotor (7) parallel to the longitudinal axis of the shaft (14) and wherein the small inlet surfaces (5) are each aligned so that they point in the same direction as in the direction of rotation of the rotor (7) next wall of the shaft (14).

8. Wind turbine according to one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that the large inlet surfaces (4) each have a projection (23) which corresponds at least to the radius of the rotor (7) designated radius of the circle (K), on the the outer ends of the rotor blades (9, 10, 11) rotate.

9. Wind power plant according to one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that the small inlet surfaces (5) have only one third of the projection (23) of the large inlet surfaces (4).

10. Wind turbine according to one of claims 3 to 9, characterized in that the large inlet surfaces (4) at their the rotor (7) end facing each with a in the direction of rotation of the rotor (7) facing curvature (22) are equipped.

11. Wind turbine according to one of claims 3 to 10, characterized in that each have a small inlet surface (5) in the circumferential direction of the rotor (7) in the middle between two adjacent large inlet surfaces (4) is arranged.

12. Wind power plant according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the direction of rotation of the rotor (R) points counterclockwise.

13. Wind turbine according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the rotor (7) has a plurality of vertically stacked floors, which are separated by respective rotor floors (16) from each other, wherein the rotor (7) in each floor

Rotor wing (9, 10, 11), wherein the Einleitflächenkonstruktion also has a plurality of vertically stacked floors each with large inlet surfaces (4) and small inlet surfaces (5), which are separated by respective shelves (6).

14. Wind turbine according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it comprises a machine structure (3) comprising the Einleitflächenkonstruktion, and a machine room (2) which has the shape of a conically upwardly extending honeycomb, wherein the machine construction (3) towering on the

Engine room (2) sits, and as an upper boundary has a curved roof (13).

15. Wind power plant according to claim 14, characterized in that below the rotor (7) in the engine room (2), a generator (28) is provided.

16. Wind power plant according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the rotor floor floors (16) and the inlet surface shelves (6) are arranged at the same height, wherein the large inlet surfaces (4) and the small inlet surfaces (5) throughout Machine structure (3) are arranged one above the other in alignment.

17. Wind turbine according to one of claims 13 to 16, characterized in that on the rotor floors floors (16), the rotor blades (9, 10, 11) of a respective floor (12) are arranged.

18. Wind turbine according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the rotor (7) has a plurality of rotor blades (9, 10, 11) with an aerodynamically shaped profile whose outer end on a circle (K) about the axis of rotation of the rotor (7) whose diameter defines the rotor diameter (19) and whose small end (20) also runs on a circle (Ki) about the axis of rotation (8) of the rotor (7).

19. Wind turbine according to claim 18, characterized in that the diameter of the circle (Ki) about the center of the rotor axis (8) on which the inner end (20) of the rotor blades (9, 10, 11) rotates, a quarter of the rotor diameter (19).

20. Wind turbine according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the rotor blades (9, 10, 11) at its the outside of the rotor (7) facing the end of a flat metal approach (21) or a round rod made of metal (26).

21. Wind turbine according to one of claims 18 to 20, characterized in that between two and six rotor blades are provided, preferably three rotor blades (9, 10, 11) are provided, which are arranged so that the connecting lines of their outer ends with the axis of rotation (8) of the rotor (7) each form an angle of 120 ° to each other.

22. Wind turbine according to one of claims 18 to 21, characterized in that the rotor blade (9, 10, 11) have a profile which is composed of a in the direction of rotation of the rotor (7) showing substantially convex curved Profiikontour and a against the direction of rotation of the rotor (7) showing profile contour, the weaker convex, rectilinear or / and concave, so that from the outer end of the rotor blade (9, 10, 11) ago inflowing air along the profile contour pointing in the direction of rotation of the rotor (7) flows faster than along the profile contour pointing against the direction of rotation of the rotor (7).

23. Wind turbine according to claim 22, characterized in that in the direction of rotation of the rotor (7) facing profile contour a bend

(30).

24. Wind turbine according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that the direction of rotation of the rotor (7) facing profile contour in its inner end (20) of the rotor blade (9, 10, 11) adjacent

Section (17) is rectilinear, wherein the rectilinear portion (17) is followed by a convexly curved portion (18).

25. Wind turbine according to claim 24, characterized in that the length of the straight section (17) is one sixth of the diameter (19) of the rotor circuit (K).

26. Wind turbine according to claim 24 or 25, characterized in that the curvature of the convexly curved portion (18) a

Eighth of the diameter (19) of the rotor circle (K) is.

27. A wind turbine, comprising: a rotor (7) having a plurality of rotor blades (9, 10, 11), each having a profile which is composed of a in

Direction of rotation of the rotor (7) facing substantially convex curved profile contour and a against the direction of rotation of the rotor (7) facing profile contour, the weaker convex, rectilinear or / and is concavely curved, so that flowing from the outer end of the rotor blade (9, 10, 11) ago air along the in the direction of rotation of the rotor (7) facing profile contour flows faster than along the against the direction of rotation of the rotor (7) facing profile contour, characterized characterized in that in the direction of rotation of the rotor (7) facing profile contour has a bend (30) and / or the direction of rotation of the rotor (7) facing profile contour in its the inner end (20) of the rotor blade (9, 10, 11) adjacent section (17) is rectilinear, wherein the rectilinear portion (17) is followed by a convexly curved portion (18).

28. Wind power plant according to claim 27, characterized by any of the features mentioned in claims 1 to 21, 25 or 26 features.