DE1054878B - Spade with spade blade and ax - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a spade with a spade blade and ax, in which a spade blade and ax each can be pivoted separately around the same axis into the required positions and together can be locked in the various positions via locking surfaces. The spade according to the invention is intended, for. B. for the military, fire brigade, scouts and the like, as well as for agricultural and horticultural tillage be usable.

In some known folding spades with a combined spade blade and ax, the Disadvantage that the ax always assumes a counter-rotating position corresponding to the spade blade, what hazards both when carrying the spade, as a result of being in the extended position in relation to the handle Pickle when the spade blade is folded on the handle, as well as when using the spade with Spade blade at right angles to the handle and pickaxe when chopping. With short spades there is a risk that the user of the spade during Reach out for yourself or people standing next to you with the tool part you are using on the other side protruding tool part injured.

Due to the above-mentioned arrangement of spade blade and lacquer pick as each separated by the same Axis of pivotable parts, these disadvantages can be avoided.

In a known spade designed in this way, the spade blade has a bearing attachment in the form of a Open the fork and so does the pickaxe. Both forks interlock, in such a way that each one Leg of one fork is between the legs of the other fork. Intervenes between the forks Approach of the socket. The hinge pin is inserted through the fork legs and the socket attachment. The side faces of the socket attachment are provided with a Hirth serration. Those facing these areas Leg surfaces of the fork-shaped bearing attachments of the spade blade and the pickaxe also have a Hirth serration. The hinge pin with the wing nut provided at one end tightened, then the spade blade and the pickaxe are clamped in the swiveled-in one Position over the Hirth coupling. This clamping connection suffers above all from the laterally protruding wing nut, which on the one hand the risk of loosening and on the other hand the danger subject to breaking off and also a relatively large laterally protruding part must form if a sufficient clamping pressure is to be generated with the fingers over them, the one No wobbling of the tools when working. When digging, helping out by touching down one foot on the upper edge of the spade blade with spade blade and ax

Applicant:

German Shovel Association eV,
Hagen (Westphalia), Konkordiastr. 8th

considerably impaired by the relatively large wing nut. Also the respective setting on the use position of the tools is relatively time consuming. Prolonged fiddling is especially evil when there is danger associated with excitement.

According to the invention, the bearing approach of the spade blade and the bearing approach of the pickaxe the pivot axis rectified locking or contact surfaces in the same number for both and one inside the other congruent shape and arrangement, and both bearing approaches are placed against this surface displaceable locking member together. This ensures that the tools are only approximately in the Need to be swiveled in the positions of use, since the desired setting is achieved by the locking member results by itself; the tools can also only be swiveled into the intended positions of use the subsequent interlocking being very simple as it is essentially nothing other than the introduction of a lock in the pivoting path. This arrangement is foolproof as well as easy to use and does not require any laterally protruding, excessively large tightening means.

If the spade has overlapping, preferably fork-shaped bearing approaches on the spade blade and the pickaxe and a socket approach corresponding to the bearing approaches on the axis of rotation Use of a locking member in the form of a latch which can be displaced transversely to the pivot axis, which brought by the displacement with peripheral surfaces to rest on the bearing approaches and from these is released and at the point opposite the bearing approaches in the release position a reduced Has cross-section, then according to the invention have the bearing approaches on the pickaxe and on Spade blade as well as the socket attachment square holes for the passage of the fastening or

809 789/60

Bearing pin, which can be moved in its axial direction and is partly round and partly square Cross-section has such that the round cross-section for pivoting the pickaxe and / or spade blade gets into the perforation of the bearing lugs.

The use of a bolt with alternating cylindrical and square-shaped parts, which is shown in Square-shaped recesses in the handle and a shoulder on the spade blade can be moved in the longitudinal direction is and in one position by engaging the square-shaped parts both in the square-shaped Recess of the handle as well as that of the approach the respective working position of the spade blade secures, in the other position, however, by engaging the cylindrical parts in the approach Allows adjustment of the two associated parts against each other, has already been proposed for folding spades been. In contrast, the subject matter of the invention has these fixing and adjustment options Used for spades with a spade blade and ax, each separated around the same axis can be swiveled into the requirements.

In another embodiment, the bearing attachments of the pickaxe and the spade blade have rectangular outlines, and on the socket is a sleeve against the contour line facing it the stock approaches, z. B. by Versohrauben, attractable.

Are the bearing attachments of the spade blade and the pickaxe locked in place like a four-pointed star? and is a spring-loaded latch that can be moved in the axial direction of the handle Engagement in the notches is provided, then in one embodiment according to the invention below the both bearing approaches common cross bar with a rotatable, axially non-displaceable ring Inclined surfaces and diametrically opposite recesses are provided in which the resiliently mounted Ouerriegel can be temporarily pushed back from the notches, so that the bearing approaches the tools can brush past him.

Further details and advantages of the invention emerge from the described and in the drawing illustrated embodiments.

Fig. 1 to 6 show the different possible positions of the spade blade 1 and the ax 2 Recognize each other and the handle 3 in the spade training according to the invention.

The spade blade 1 and the ax 2 are independent of one another about the same pivot axis 4 can be pivoted into the individual positions and can be locked in these positions.

From Fig. 1 it can be seen how the spade blade 1 and the ax 2 folded onto the spade handle 3 in order to allow the spade to be carried safely.

Fig. 2 illustrates the spade with the spade blade 1 pivoted into the extended position relative to the handle 3, so that the spade can be used to dig in the usual manner.

In Fig. 3 the spade blade 1 is folded onto the handle 3 and the ax 2 is swiveled into the chopping position, while in

Fig. 4 both the spade blade 1 and the ax 2 are folded into the chopping position, so that you can work alternately with the spade blade or with the chopping ax 2. According to

Fig. 5, the ax 2 is folded onto the handle 3 and the spade blade 1 is pivoted into the chopping position.

A setting of the device can be seen in Fig. 6, in which the hoe 2 is in the extended position to the handle 3, while the spade blade 1 is folded onto the handle 3, so that the implement can be used as a tool for pushing or drilling work.

Fig. 7 to 17 show possible types of attachment of the spade blade 1 · and the hoe ax 2 via a common one Joint again, which can be determined.

ίο According to Fig. 7 to 9, the ax 2 and the spade blade 1 are equipped with bearing attachments 4 and 5, the bearing attachments 5 of the spade blade 1 reaching between the bearing attachments 4 of the ax 2. The bearing lugs 4 of the ax are integral with the ax, while the bearing lugs 5 of the spade blade 1 are connected to the spade blade, for example via rivets 8. Between the Lageransätzc 5 of the spade blade 1 engages the fastening lug 6 of the sleeve 7, which is mounted on the handle 3.

ao is pushed, with a suitable stipulation on this.

The bearing approaches 4 and 5 and the sleeve approach 6 have aligned holes through which of the bearing or hinge pin 9 is inserted. One end 10 of the bolt 9 is offset and has a thread at the deposition point, with which the bolt is inserted into one side of the socket attachment 6 screwed in so that it cannot fall out (Fig. 8).

The outline of the bearing lugs 5 of the spade blade 1 and the bearing lugs 4 of the pick 2 have notches 12, one of which corresponds to a possible position of the two parts of the device. In each position of the pecker 2 and the spade blade 1, notches 12 are aligned with one another in the bearing attachments of both. On the side of the fastening or bearing bolt 9 facing the handle, a cross bar 13 is provided in a slot guide 14 of the socket attachment 6 so as to be displaceable in the axial direction of the handle. The crossbar is on a suitable intermediate piece, on which it can be screwed, under the action of a spring 15, which is supported by a filler 16 in the socket 7 on a cross pin 17 a in the socket 7 and strives to the crossbar 13 to To bring it into place in the notches 12.

Below the cross bar 13 is an additional bar on the side facing the spade handle Fixing the cross bar 13 is provided in the locked position. The bolt 13 consists in the Embodiment of a ring 17 rotatable on the sleeve 7, which ring on its cross bar 13 facing end face has diametrically opposite wedge surfaces 18. The wedge surfaces 18 come to rest on the Ouerriegel 13 when turning the locking ring 17 clockwise and place this thereby in the locked position inextricably fixed, the transversely rounded surface of the Cross bar 13 and the notch rounding by wedge-like interlocking any game in the specified Exclude position.

The working principle of the spading illustrated in Fig. 7 to 9 is as follows:

Before swiveling in the spade blade 1 or the pick 2 on the folded onto the handle 3 Position in a working position of the locking ring 17 is rotated so that the wedge surfaces 18 their Lose contact with the cross bar 13 and the recesses 19 are located in the end face of the locking ring below the cross bar 13, as is Fig. 7 shows. The diametrically opposite recesses 19 are so deep that the

Cross bar 13 can be pushed back so far that the corners of the bearing approaches brush past him can. The cross bar 13 is then only pressed into the notches 12 by the spring 15. Since the notches 12 and also the corner boundaries of the bearing approaches having the notches are rounded and the surface of the cross bar 13 is rounded transversely, the spade blade 1 or the pickaxe can now 2 can be pivoted into another position, the crossbar 13 from the rounded corners of the Bearing lugs against the action of the spring 15 is pushed back to the next notch and finally to lock into the detent 12 which determines the desired working position. After so made adjustment of the working position, the locking ring is rotated again so that its wedge surfaces 18 come to rest on the crossbar 13 and so the set working position of the tools determine.

In the embodiments according to Fig. 10 to 14, the bearing lugs 4 of the pick 2 and the Bearing attachments 5 of the spade blade 1 and the socket attachment 6 traversed by a bolt 20. The holes in the bearing lugs 4, 5 and in the socket attachment 6 have a square cross-section, while the bolt 20 has a partly square and partly round cross-section. The bolt 20 can be counter to the effect a spring 21 move axially. The round cross-sectional points 22 of the bearing or fastening bolt are arranged so that in an axial Displacement of the bolt 20 to enable pivoting of the pickaxe and the spade blade the bolt parts round cross-section in the square holes of the bearing lugs 4, 5 of the pick 2 and the spade blade 1. The shift required for this can be achieved by a stop be limited, which in the embodiment of Fig. 10 to 12 by the shoulder 23 of the bolt head 24 is formed, over which the bolt 20 against the action of the spring 21 by finger pressure is moved when a pivoting possibility of the pickaxe and spade blade causes shall be. In the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 13 and 14, the stop is through the cap 25 formed, which at the same time also encapsulates the bolt end emerging from the hinge point and the latter protects against external influences. In the locking position in which the bolt parts have a square cross-section engage in the square holes of the bearing inserts, the bolt 20 is through the Effect of the spring 21 returned. The spring and the bolt part surrounded by it is from the sleeve 41 surround. The square holes in the bearing inserts have such a position that each through it determines the desired position of the working parts of the device. The square holes in the socket attachment 6 are each aligned with the square holes in the bearing attachments of the pick and the spade blade.

The embodiment according to FIGS. 10 to 12 differs from the embodiment according to Fig. 13 and 14 in that in the embodiment according to Fig. 13 and 14 the nozzle attachment 6 of the The handle as a fork engages around the fastening lugs 4 and 8, wherein between the fastening lugs 4 of the pickaxe a spacer 26 is arranged. In the embodiment according to Figs. 10 to 12 encompass the bearing approaches 4 and 5 of the pickaxe and the spade blade the socket approach 6, which in this case may have a closed flat hollow shape, with a filler piece 27 the entry of Prevents dirt from getting into the socket attachment 6. In addition, in the embodiment according to Figs. 13 and 14 an encapsulation for the emerging end of the bolt 20 is also provided.

The square surfaces of the hinge pin 20 can be at least two at an angle to one another have standing surfaces wedge tightening, wherein the penetrated perforations formed accordingly

ίο are to avoid any occurrence of game in the to prevent swiveled-in tool positions.

In Fig. 15 and 16, the bearing attachments Ί, 5 of the ax 2 and the spade blade encompass the socket attachment 6, which here also has a closed flat hollow shape and can be closed by a filler piece (not shown). The hinge pin consists of a simple round pin 28 with upset heads. The bearing approaches 4, 5 of the pickaxe and the spade blade have equilateral, rectangular polygonal shape. Against the outline of the bearing approaches facing the spade handle is a sleeve 29, for. B. can be tightened via a thread which is attached to a bushing provided on the socket 31. Naturally, instead of the screwing possibility of the bushing 29, a bayonet-like displacement possibility with wedge tightening can also be provided for the bushing.

If one of the implements is to be pivoted into a desired working position, the bushing is screwed back so that it no longer has any contact with an outline side of the bearing lugs 4, 5 and is at such a distance from the hinge pin 28 that the contour corners of the bearing lugs 4, 5 can be freely pivoted past the face of the sleeve 29 facing them. If a tool is pivoted into the desired working position, then the sleeve 29 is tightened against the outline side of the bearing lugs that is now facing it, so that the tools are in the new position.

♦ ° lung are fixed to the stem.

For the sleeve 29, as shown in Fig. 15 to 17, a safeguard against unintentional loosening from the against the bearing lugs 4, 5 provided in the tightened position.

* ·> The safety device consists of a sliding piece 32, for example in the form of a ring or sleeve, which are diametrically opposed to each other with a transverse pin 33 Slits 34 in the sleeve 31 pushed onto the handle 3, whereby the slider is secured against turning. One engaging the Ouerstift 33 and a transverse pin 36 in the socket attachment 6 Tension spring 35 tries to pull the slider against bush 29. Contrary to the effect of the Spring 35, the slider can be withdrawn from the sleeve 29. The guide slots 34 are expediently designed like a bayonet by forming a detent forming angled portion 37 on that of the bushing 29 have remote end. The Ouerstift 33 engages in the notches in the retracted position of the Slip ring 34 by turning the slip ring slightly so that the slider is in the retracted position The position remains until the sliding piece disengages by turning it back, connected with buckets of the transverse pin 33, move again under the action of the spring 35 against the sleeve 29, can.

In Fig. 15, the facing end faces of the sleeve 29 and the slider 32 are with a toothing 38 is provided, which can also be designed as a bevel toothing. The teeth show advantageous saw teeth whose steep surface on the

the direction of rotation for tightening the sleeve 29 is opposite side, so that solution stresses of the bushing cannot push the teeth apart and thus undo the desired security.

According to Fig. 16, the sliding ring 34 is provided with circumferential teeth 39 to accommodate them a corresponding internally toothed recess 40 is provided in the sleeve 29.

To fix the sleeve 29 in the position tightened against the bearing lugs 4, 5, the Slider 32 pushed against the sleeve 29, which takes place under the action of the spring 35, so that the teeth come into engagement with each other. If the sleeve 29 is to be solved, then the first Sliding ring 34 withdrawn and brought to engage in the notches 37 with a transverse pin, whereupon the sleeve 29 can be rotated to loosen.

Claims (10)

Claims. 20 1. Spade with spade blade and ax, in which spade blade and ax are separated can be pivoted around the same axis in the required positions and together over Locking surfaces can be determined in the various positions, characterized in that the Bearing approach of the spade blade and the bearing approach of the ax in the same direction as the pivot axis Latching or contact surfaces in the same number for both and in a form that is congruent to one another and having an arrangement and that a sliding locking member lying against these surfaces is common to both camp approaches. 2. Spade according to claim 1 with overlapping, preferably fork-shaped bearing approaches on the spade blade and the ax and a socket approach corresponding to the bearing approaches on the axis of rotation using a locking member in the form of a transverse to the shaft axis displaceable bolt, which by the displacement with circumferential surfaces to rest on the Bearing approaches and is released from these and at the in the release position the bearing approaches opposite point has a reduced cross-section, characterized in that that the bearing approaches (4,5) on the pickaxe (2) and on the spade blade (1) and the socket attachment (6) have square holes for access this attachment «- or bearing bolt (20) in its axial direction displaceable arrangement partly round (22) and partly square cross-section have such that for the pivoting of the pickaxe (2) and / or spade blade (1) the round cross-section (22) enters the holes in the bearing lugs (4,5) (Figs. 11 and 13). 3. Spade according to claim 1 with overlapping, preferably fork-shaped bearing approaches on a spade blade and ax as well as a socket attachment corresponding to the bearing attachments and with a displaceable in the axial direction of the handle, intended to attack the bearing approaches Bar, characterized in that the bearing lugs (4, 5) of the pick (2) and the Spade leaf (1) equilateral rectangular outline shape call and a can on the socket (31) (29) i '; egen the contour side of the bearing lugs (4, 5) facing it, e.g. B. by screwing, can be tightened (Fig. 15, 16). 4. Spade according to claim 3, characterized in that the screwable sleeve (29) a releasable fuse (32) for their tightened against the bearing lugs (4, 5) of the tools (1, 2) Location is assigned (Fig. 15, 16). 5. spade according to claim 4, wherein the additional assurance of a non-rotatably movable in the axial direction of the handle slider is which comes into engagement with the secured part and is under the action of a spring force which keeps it in the Eingrirfsstellung, characterized in that the bushing (29) and the sliding piece (32), which is preferably in the form of a bush, have a toothing intended for mutual interlocking on sides facing one another (Fig. 15, 16) and the sliding piece (32) can be locked in the retracted position (Fig. 15) . 6. Spade according to claim 5, characterized in that the facing sides of the The bushing (29) of the sliding piece (32) has a face or conical toothing (Fig. 15). 7. Spade according to claim 5, characterized in that the slider (32) on the Bushing (29) facing side a circumferential toothing (39) and the bushing (29) one accordingly internally toothed recess (40) for receiving the circumferential toothing of the slider (Fig. 16). 8. Spade according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the toothing (38) is designed as a saw toothing. 9. Spade according to one of claims 5 to 8 with a slider that has a, for example, one Longitudinal slot is guided in the direction of the handle axis penetrating pin, characterized in that that the slider guide (34) in the socket at the end facing away from the sleeve (29) a has known angled catch (37) for the guide pin (33) of the slider (32) (Fig. 17). 10. Spade according to claim 1, wherein the bearing lugs of the spade blade and the pickaxe in the manner of a four-pointed star locked skid and a spring-loaded, in the axial direction of the stem displaceable bolt is provided for engagement in the notches, thereby characterized in that below the two bearing lugs common cross bar (13) is a rotatable, axially non-displaceable ring (17) with inclined surfaces (18) and diametrically opposite one another Recesses (19) are provided, in which the spring-mounted cross bar (13) temporarily can be pushed back from the notches (12) so that the bearing lugs (4, 5) of the Tools (1, 2) can brush past him. Considered publications:
German Patent Nos. 202 223, 266 852, 259, 308 845, 687 044; Austrian patent specification No. 87 403. Legacy Patents Considered:
German Patent No. 1 011 321. For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings © 809 789/60 3.