DE1049201B - Forging press for crankshafts - Google Patents

Description

It is already a crankshaft forging press with hydraulically driven press dies, known consist of a bending die and two sliding dies that can move in opposite directions transversely to its axis. The sliding dies are carried by carriages that are guided on a base plate. Everyone The slide is driven from the side concerned by a hydraulic cylinder unit which is used for alone cannot bring about an exactly symmetrical counter-rotation of the slides. In addition, the Forging press expensive and has a relatively large, bulky base plate, in both of them End parts the hydraulic cylinders are built in to move the sliding dies against each other. Among other things, the base plate must be so strong that it absorbs the reaction forces of the in the cylinders generated pressures to move the sliding dies can take on.

Furthermore, a forging press has become known in which on a base plate two on its outer The ends of slides provided with inclined surfaces are slidably mounted, weldhe "the sliding dies wear and between which, the lower part of the bending die is arranged on a hydraulic pressure cylinder is. The upper part of the bending die is arranged on a crosshead, the one on the head piece attached to the forging press and also provided with two inclined surfaces, which are connected to the Slide attached inclined surfaces work together in such a way that during the downward movement of the headrest the forging press and the resulting downward movement of the bending die around the intended At the same time, measure the sled carrying the Sdhiebegesenke through the inclined surfaces be moved inside. The coordination of the die movements in this known device thus takes place · by mechanical means.

The invention is based on the object of the previous complex and bulky hydraulic To simplify the drive of the sliding die slide. This is done according to the invention in that the hydraulic cylinder to drive the sliding dies on both sides of the one sliding die slide arranged and their pistons through the piston rods with the corresponding sides of the other slides are connected, the symmetrical counter-rotation of the slides by an additional device, z. B. a hydraulic linkage is forced.

Thereby the expansive drive cylinders and with the external reaction forces are omitted heavy anchoring of the slide drives. The symmetrical counter-rotation only requires relatively small hydraulic units provided by a forging press for crankshafts

Applicant:
English Steel Corporation Limited,

Sheffield, Yorkshire,

Compagnie des Ateliers et Forges

de la Loire Saint-Chamond,

Firminy, Saint-Etienne,

et Jacob Holtzer, Paris,

and George Shewan Cleghorn,

Sheffield, Yorkshire (UK)

Representative: Dipl.-Ing. W. Paap, patent attorney,
Munich 22, Mariannenplatz 4

Claimed priority:

Great Britain 23 November 1953

and September 30, 1954

George Shewan Cleghorn,

Sheffield, Yorkshire (UK),

is. has been named as the inventor

hydraulic linkage is made use of, especially with regard to the overall control is advantageous. The construction principle of a hydraulic linkage is known and is based on the explanation of an embodiment of the invention.

In order to ensure that the pressure chambers of the drive cylinders are filled evenly and that there is an edge the die slide is avoided, there is an advantageous design of the hydraulic arrangement according to the invention in that the pressure chambers for the drive of the sliding die plate each over an equally large piston or piston ring surface of a differential piston can be filled.

When using a hydraulic linkage for symmetrical counter-rotation, the die slide is the arrangement made within the scope of the invention so that the additional cylinder of the hydraulic The rods each with one of the sliding gear slides, the double-acting pistons of the cylinders are firmly connected to the base plate via their piston rods, or vice versa.

The invention is described in greater detail below with reference to the exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing explained. It shows

803 730/143

1 shows a cross section through the forging press before execution of the die movements,

Fig. 2 shows the same cross section after execution of the die movements,

3 shows a schematic representation of the one used to drive the sliding or upsetting dies hydraulic arrangement and

4 shows a schematic representation of an additional hydraulic device.

In the embodiment shown, the invention is applied to an independent press for forging crankshafts from the rods 1, which are preformed in the usual manner with the constrictions 1 a separated from one another by the thickened parts 1. The press is built on a base or bearing plate 2, which is provided with an elevated, essentially horizontal guide track 3 on which two separate carriages 4, 4 α of the same type are displaceably guided. These carriages each carry the lower parts 5 and 6 of the two sliding or upsetting dies, which are attached to their carriages and are shaped so that they receive the rod 1 on each side of a central part which is subjected to a forging process to form a crank offset and clamp, can. This middle part is, as can be seen, formed by a constriction 1 α and two thickenings Ib , which lie on each side of the constriction 1 α. The Schiiebegesenkö can also be designed so that it can accommodate a vorgefoonte crank offset and align it at right angles in a precise position to the crankshaft offset to be produced.

On the base plate 2 is between the. Carriage 4, 4ß a substantially in the vertical direction acting hydraulic piston 7, which works in a cylinder 8. The piston of this hydraulic Device is provided with an upwardly extending piston rod 7 a, which the under-e half9 of a queE-directed ·, essentially vertically displaceable bending die carries, -like will be described in detail, the constriction la of the rod between the sliding dies detected and pressed out of the longitudinal axis of the rod 1 to form the crankshaft journal. Furthermore, two hydraulic pistons with cylinders are preferably arranged for return serve the lower half 9 of the bending die in a rest position after sieving. Since the The mode of operation and arrangement of such feedback devices is known, these are shown in the drawing not shown.

The upper parts 5 α, 6 α. the sliding or upsetting dies are attached to a head piece 10 of the device, which is held in a fixed position relative to the base plate during the forging process. These upper parts 5 a, 6 a of the sliding dies are used to encompass those parts of the rods. 1, which, as explained, are held by the lower T-parts 5, 6 of the sliding dies. The facing ends of the sliding dies are essentially flat and, when the dies move against one another, serve to upset or longitudinally forge the thickenings Ib on each side of the central constriction 1 α, which is encompassed by the aforementioned bending die, to the cheeks of the crank offset.

To the time required for forging displacement of the carriage 4, Aa, and thus the Schiebegesenke against each other is a hydraulic drive apparatus shown in FIG. 3 provided that comprises in · a conventional manner two horizontally arranged at both sides of the carriage 4 master cylinder 11 and 12. In these, the main pistons 11a, 12 α are guided with the piston rods 11 b, 12 b , the other ends of which are connected to attachment pieces 13 attached to the carriage 4 α , in such a way that when liquid is fed into the interior spaces of the cylinder 11 , 12 the carriages are moved against each other and the sliding dies perform a working stroke. In the embodiment shown, the piston rods 11 a, 11 b are rigidly attached to the extension pieces 13 of the slide 4 α, but they can also be attached to these by means of universal joints of a known type to prevent uneven wear in the slide guides or inaccuracies in machining balance.

- It is important that the working pistons 11 a, 12 a are displaced in their cylinders 11, 12 at the same speed, otherwise there could be a risk that the carriages tilt on their running surfaces. For this purpose, a known hydraulic device consisting of a differential cylinder is arranged which has two concentric cylinders 14, 14a of different diameters which are connected to one another and which have interconnected pistons 15, 15a guided in these and which are dimensioned so that the working surface of the α in the smaller cylinder 14 guided piston 15 α equally · great as the annular working surface of the operations in the larger cylinder 14 the piston of the cylinder is α 14 15 through a conduit 16 with the one carriage cylinder 12 and the larger Cylinder 14 is connected to the other slide cylinder 11 by a pipe * T.7. ANF Diege ^, the differential piston 14a, 15 α ^ in its forward movement an equal amount of liquid in each of the slide cylinders has to press in.

For additional protection against tilting, it is also important that the carriage 4,4a during execution of a working stroke. moved inward the same amount so that the crank webs are the same Get strength. But it can easily happen that small differences in the sliding friction cause one slide to move more easily than the other slide. A possibility To ensure uniform movement the carriage could be on each carriage To attach a rack that the teeth of one rack down and the teeth of the other Toothed rack point upwards, and a toothed wheel engaging in both toothed racks on a fixed axis .to be arranged so that the carriages are inevitably moved by the same amount Arrangement is to control the relative movement of two parts. itself "known and not part of the Invention.

The hydraulic linkage preferably used in the context of the invention, the construction principle of which also does not belong to the invention, is shown in FIG. Thereafter, under each slide 4, 4a_ ^ hydraulic cylinders 18,18 α are arranged, which are attached to the base plate 2. These cylinders are arranged in a horizontal position in such a way that their common longitudinal axis lies in the same vertical plane as the common axis of the two carriages. Each cylinder 18, 18 a contains a double-acting piston 19 with equiaxed piston rods 19 a on each side, which protrude through the opposite cylinder ends and are firmly connected to the corresponding ends of the associated slides.

Claims (3)

The inner part of each cylinder 18, 18a is connected to the outer part of the other cylinder by a pipe 201. The hydraulic fluid is fed to the cylinders from the main line via valves 21, one of which is assigned to each cylinder. If any fluid losses should occur at the stuffing boxes, these can be compensated for via the non-return valves 21. As a result of the described arrangement and connection of the pressure chambers of the additional cylinders, the two carriages 4, 4a are inevitably shifted by the same amount when the main pistons 11 a, 12 α are actuated in the cylinders 11, 12. As an alternative to this arrangement it is of course also possible to fasten the additional hydraulic cylinders to the associated slide and for this the piston rods of each piston to the base plate. To return the carriages 4, 4a to their starting position after the loading process, hydraulic fluid can be supplied to the rear spaces of the master cylinders 11 and 12 through a pipe 17a, or the carriages can be provided with hydraulic return pistons which work in a known manner. The head piece 10 is placed on the base plate 2 in such a way that it engages over the sliding dies. It is expediently seated on four uprights 22 at the corners. In the head piece there is arranged a hydraulic piston 23 which acts in the vertical direction and which is guided in a cylinder 24 arranged in the head piece. The piston 23 and cylinder 24 are arranged coaxially with the vertically acting unit 7, 8, which is mounted between the carriages on the base plate. The piston 23 of the im. The headpiece arranged hydraulic unit carries at its lower end the upper half 9 α of the bending die. This upper half 9 α of the die is designed in accordance with the lower half 9 and, together with this, engages around the relevant constriction 1 β. With the upper half 9 a of the bending die, return pistons are also preferably connected in cylinders of the crosshead, so that they can be withdrawn into their rest position after the working stroke. In the head piece 10, two further hydraulic pistons 26 are mounted in cylinders 26a, each of which is above a sliding die and in which the pistons 26 are guided so that their lower ends hang down from the head piece. A shoe 27 is attached to the hanging end of each piston 26 and engages a track 28, preferably with the interposition of roller bearings 29, attached to the upper parts 5 a and 6 a of the sliding dies. The tracks 28 and the shoes 27 are arranged so that the upper half of each sliding die can be clamped on its associated lower half by means of the associated piston 26, while the connection with or without intermediate roller bearings enables horizontal movement of the sliding dies. Hydraulic return pistons 30, which work in cylinders 30 α of the head piece, are expediently connected to the shoes 27, through which they can be pulled back to the head piece after a scaling process. The upper parts 5α, 6α of the sliding or Sfcauchgesenke can also be raised. In order to facilitate the exchange of the sliding die and the bending die as well as the insertion of the rods into the press and the removal of the crankshafts from the same, the forging press can be designed so that the base plate 2 supporting the carriages 4, 4a is laterally beneath the head piece 10 can be pushed out. Otherwise, the head piece 10 can be arranged at a height that enables the insertion or removal of a rod or a crankshaft, and to facilitate the replacement of the dies, the base plate can be lengthened and the carriage can be given additional outward movement. It is also possible to design the head piece 10 and its supports 22 so that the head piece 10 can be swiveled up in order to remove a crankshaft or insert a bar to be forged or to replace the dies by means of a crane. For this purpose, the head piece is articulated to the two supports arranged on one side of the machine at 31 and connected to the two supports on the other side of the machine by removable bolts. These bolts (not shown in the drawing) can be cylindrical or conical and have a circular cross-section, but better still have a square or rectangular cross-section. When the two bolts are withdrawn, the head piece 10 can be pivoted up to a desired angular position, e.g. B. by means of a winch and a wire rope or several wire ropes, which are guided via rollers to the head piece, or by hydraulic means. Patent claims: 1. Forging press for crankshafts with two sliding and upsetting dies which are movable in opposite directions in the direction of a bending die transversely to its axis and which are carried by slide with hydraulic drive guided on a base plate, characterized in that the hydraulic cylinders (11, 12) for drive the sliding dies (5, 5a and 6,6a) are arranged on both sides of the one sliding die slide (4) and their pistons (11a, 12 a) extend through the piston rods (11 b, 12 b) with the corresponding sides of the other slide (4 a) are connected, the symmetrical counter-rotation of the carriage by an additional device, for. B. a hydraulic linkage is forced. 2. forging press according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure chambers for the work drive of the sliding die slides (4, 4a) each over an equally large piston or piston ring surface of a differential piston (15 a, 15) can be filled. 3. forging press according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the additional Cylinder (18,18a) of the hydraulic linkage each with one of the sliding die slides that double acting piston (19) of the cylinder via their piston rods (19 α) with the base plate (2) connected, or vice versa. Considered publications:
German Patent Nos. 42 179, 268 538;
French Patent No. 817 260;
British Patent Nos. 622,938, 628,519. 1 sheet of drawings © 809 730/143 1.59