DE10358495A1 - Catalyst status detection method e.g. for NOx storage catalyst, involves having interior of housing of catalyst having gas in it and having quality measure of cavity for gas with resonant frequency decreased as measure of increase of NOx - Google Patents
Catalyst status detection method e.g. for NOx storage catalyst, involves having interior of housing of catalyst having gas in it and having quality measure of cavity for gas with resonant frequency decreased as measure of increase of NOx Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE10358495A1 DE10358495A1 DE10358495A DE10358495A DE10358495A1 DE 10358495 A1 DE10358495 A1 DE 10358495A1 DE 10358495 A DE10358495 A DE 10358495A DE 10358495 A DE10358495 A DE 10358495A DE 10358495 A1 DE10358495 A1 DE 10358495A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- housing
- nox
- gas
- measure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/0835—Hydrocarbons
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/085—Sulfur or sulfur oxides
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0871—Regulation of absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. purging
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0871—Regulation of absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. purging
- F01N3/0885—Regeneration of deteriorated absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. desulfurization of NOx traps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N9/005—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus using models instead of sensors to determine operating characteristics of exhaust systems, e.g. calculating catalyst temperature instead of measuring it directly
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
- F01N2560/026—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting NOx
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/06—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a temperature sensor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/12—Other sensor principles, e.g. using electro conductivity of substrate or radio frequency
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/04—Sulfur or sulfur oxides
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/12—Hydrocarbons
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/16—Oxygen
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N22/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Erkennung des Zustands eines Katalysators, insbesondere eines NOx-Speicherkatalysators, welcher im Abgasstrom eines Verbrennungsmotors zyklisch mit Gas beladen und regeneriert wird.The The invention relates to a method for detecting the condition of a Catalyst, in particular a NOx storage catalyst, which Cyclically loaded with gas in the exhaust gas stream of an internal combustion engine and regenerated.
Beim
mit Luftüberschuss
betriebenen Verbrennungsmotor, beispielsweise einem sogenannten "Magermotor" oder Dieselmotor,
entstehen prinzipbedingt viele Stickoxide. Es wird daher in bekannter Weise
im Abgasstrang eines Kraftfahrzeugs ein Katalysator eingebracht,
der eine gewisse Zeit lang Stickoxide speichern kann. Parallel dazu
kann im Katalysator auch noch Sauerstoff gespeichert werden. Jeweils
nach einer Speicherphase, in der der Katalysator mit der zu speichernden
Abgaskomponente gefüllt
bzw. angereichert wird, folgt eine Desorptionsphase, in der der
Katalysator geleert wird. Die NOx-Speicherung erfolgt in Form von Nitraten
und möglicherweise
auch durch absorbierte Stickoxide. Nach der Desorption liegt das
Speichermedium als Karbonat vor. Bei den zur Zeit gängigen Konzepten zur
Erkennung des Katalysatorfüllgrades
bzw. Katalysatorzustands und der daran anschließenden Regelung des Kraftstoff/Luft-Verhältnisses
(Luftzahl λ) werden
Gassensoren verwendet, die das zu speichernde NOx-Gas hinter dem
Katalysator messen. Ein Durchschlag des Gases hinter dem Katalysa-
tor zeigt dann an, dass der Katalysator mit dem zu speichernden
Gas gefüllt
ist und dass eine Desorptionsphase eingeleitet werden muss. Derartige
Systeme sind beispielsweise aus der
Es
ist bereits auch beispielsweise aus der
Eine ähnliche
Lösung
wird in der
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht somit darin, ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Gattung zu schaffen, das keinen externen Sensor benötigt und bei dem eine elektrische Messung des Katalysatorzustandes bei wesentlich einfacherer Aufbau- und Verbindungstechnik möglich ist. The The object of the present invention is thus a method to provide the type mentioned, no external sensor needed and in which an electrical measurement of the catalyst state at much simpler construction and connection technology is possible.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.These The object is achieved by a Method solved with the features of claim 1.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren basiert auf der Auswertung von Wechselwirkungen des Katalysatormaterials mit elektromagnetischen Wellen, die sich während des Betriebs ändernde physikochemische Zusammensetzung des Katalysatormaterials ändert auch dessen elektrische Eigenschaften. Die Katalysatorbeschichtung ändert sich nämlich auf Grund einer chemischen Wechselwirkung des zu speichernden Gases, insbesondere Sauerstoff und Stickoxyde, mit der Beschichtung. Diese sich ändernden elektrischen Eigenschaften des Katalysatormaterials wirken sich auf die zur Messung verwendeten Mikrowellen aus. Der gesamte Katalysator bzw. dessen Gehäuse wird als Hohlraumresonator ausgenutzt, und die Messung der Änderung des Katalysatorwerkstoffes kann kontaktlos über die Wechselwirkung mit den Mikrowellen erfolgen. Sowohl die Fehleranfälligkeit, als auch die Kosten einer solchen Sensorik werden dadurch drastisch reduziert. Es genügt zum ein- bzw. auskoppeln des Mikrowellensignals wenigstens eine Feldsonde, beispielsweise ein elektrischer λ/4-Monopol (Stabantenne) oder magnetischer Dipol (Schleifenantenne), die an geeigneten Positionen im Katalysatorgehäuse angebracht wird.The inventive method based on the evaluation of interactions of the catalyst material with electromagnetic waves that change during operation Physicochemical composition of the catalyst material also changes its electrical properties. The catalyst coating changes namely due to a chemical interaction of the gas to be stored, in particular oxygen and nitrogen oxides, with the coating. These changing electrical properties of the catalyst material affect on the microwaves used for the measurement. The entire catalyst or its housing is used as a cavity resonator, and the measurement of the change of the catalyst material can be contacted via the interaction with take the microwaves. Both the error rate, as well as the cost Such sensors are thereby drastically reduced. It is sufficient to or decoupling the microwave signal at least one field probe, for example, an electrical λ / 4 monopole (Rod antenna) or magnetic dipole (loop antenna), the appropriate positions in the catalyst housing is mounted.
Durch die in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführten Maßnahmen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Verbesserungen des im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Verfahrens möglich.By in the subclaims listed activities are advantageous developments and improvements of the claim 1 specified method possible.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung wird das Absinken der Resonanzfrequenz als Maß für die zunehmende NOx-Beladung des Speichermaterials im Gehäuse des Katalysators ausgewertet. Entsprechend kann auch die Verschiebung der Resonatorgüte als Maß für die O2-Beladung des Speichermaterials im Gehäuse des Katalysators ausgewertet werden.In an advantageous embodiment, the decrease of the resonance frequency is evaluated as a measure of the increasing NOx loading of the storage material in the housing of the catalyst. Accordingly, the shift in the resonator quality can also be evaluated as a measure of the O 2 charge of the storage material in the housing of the catalytic converter.
In vorteilhafter Weise wird bei Erreichen eines vorgebbaren Werts der Resonanzfrequenz und/oder -güte die Regenerierung des Speichermaterials durchgeführt, was jeweils automatisch erfolgen kann.In Advantageously, upon reaching a predetermined value of Resonant frequency and / or quality the regeneration of the storage material is carried out, each time automatically can be done.
Die Erfassung der Resonanzfrequenz und/oder -güte als Maß für die NOx- oder O2-Beladung des Speichermaterials erfolgt bevorzugt über eine Transmissions- oder Reflexionsmessung der Mikrowelle. Im ersten Falle werden zwei Messelektroden bzw. Feldsonden benötigt und im zweiten Fall nur eine.The detection of the resonance frequency and / or quality as a measure of the NOx or O 2 loading of the storage material is preferably carried out via a transmission or reflection measurement of the microwave. In the first case two measuring electrodes or field probes are needed and in the second case only one.
Die Regeneration des Speichermaterials erfolgt im fetten Betriebszustand des Verbrennungsmotors, und zwar bis zu einem vorgebbaren Absenkungswert der mittels einer Transmissions- oder Reflexionsmessung erfassten Amplitude der Mikrowelle und der daraus berechenbaren Resonatorgüte und/oder bis zum Erreichen eines vorgebbaren höheren Wertes der Resonanzfrequenz. Dadurch werden die Regenerationsphasen jeweils automatisch nach einer optimalen Zeitspanne abgeschlossen.The Regeneration of the storage material takes place in the rich operating state of the internal combustion engine, up to a predefinable reduction value by means of a transmission or Reflection measurement detected amplitude of the microwave and the resulting calculable resonator quality and / or until reaching a predefinable higher value of the resonance frequency. As a result, the regeneration phases automatically become one after another optimal time period completed.
Zur Erfassung der Resonatorgüte wird zweckmäßigerweise die Amplitude des Transmissions- oder Reflexionsfaktors der Mikrowelle gemessen. Zur Optimierung des Verfahrens wird bei der Anregung der Mikrowelle die Frequenz so hoch gewählt, dass sich mindestens der erste Grundmodus eines resonanten Feldes im Gehäuse ausbilden kann, aber auch gleichzeitig so niedrig, dass an das Gehäuse angeschlossene Rohrleitungen zur Zuführung und Abführung des Abgases eine Abstrahlung des Feldes nach außen verhindern.to Detection of the resonator quality is expediently the amplitude of the transmission or reflection factor of the microwave measured. To optimize the process, the excitation of the Microwave the frequency chosen so high that at least the first basic mode of a resonant field in the housing can form, but also at the same time so low that piping connected to the housing to the feeder and exhaustion of the exhaust gas prevent radiation of the field to the outside.
Bei der Transmissionsmessung wird die Mikrowelle mit einer ersten Feldsonde eingekoppelt und in einer zweiten Feldsonde erfasst, wobei die Feldsonden im Gehäuse angeordnet sind, vorzugsweise so, dass sich das Speichermaterial dazwischen befindet.at The transmission measurement is the microwave with a first field probe coupled and detected in a second field probe, the field probes in the case are arranged, preferably so that the memory material in between.
Bei der Reflexionsmessung wird die Mikrowelle mit einer Feldsonde eingekoppelt und wieder in dieser Feldsonde im Gehäuse erfasst, so dass man nur eine Feldsonde benötigt. Dies vereinfacht die elektrische Installation.at The reflection measurement is coupled to the microwave with a field probe and again captured in this field probe in the case, so you only a field probe needed. This simplifies the electrical installation.
In vorteilhafter Weise kann eine Ansteuer- und Auswerteeinrichtung im oder am Gehäuse mit wenigstens einer der als Feldsonde ausgebildeten Antennen integriert werden, wodurch aufwändige Hochfrequenzzuleitungen entfallen können. Weiterhin ermöglicht dies mit entsprechenden Mitteln die direkte Erfassung der Katalysatortemperatur als Mess- und Kalibrierungsgröße.In Advantageously, a drive and evaluation device in or on the housing integrated with at least one of the antenna designed as a field probe become, thereby consuming high-frequency supply lines can be omitted. Furthermore possible this with appropriate means the direct detection of the catalyst temperature as measurement and calibration variable.
Durch Messung mehrerer Resonanzmoden bei mehreren Frequenzen können die Abhängigkeiten verschiedener physikalischer und/oder chemischer Einflüsse auf die Messgröße kompensiert bzw. getrennt werden. Dies betrifft beispielsweise die Temperatur, den Beladungszustand, die Vergiftung und dgl..By Measuring several resonance modes at several frequencies can be the dependencies various physical and / or chemical influences compensates the measured variable or be separated. This concerns for example the temperature, the loading condition, the poisoning and the like ..
Weiterhin hat es sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, zumindest die stirnseitigen Stege des als Wabenkörper ausgebildeten Speichermaterials mit einer Metall- oder Metallisierungsschicht zu versehen, so dass die Resonatorlänge ausschließlich durch den Wabenkörper festgelegt ist. Eine solche Ausführung besitzt eine höhere Empfindlichkeit durch höheren Volumenanteil des Speicher- bzw. Katalysatormaterials im Resonator und eine sehr einfache gehäuseunabhängige Resonatorgeometrie. Zusätzlich wird die Ausbreitung von Mikrowellenleistung nach außen reduziert.Farther It has proved to be advantageous, at least the frontal Webs of the honeycomb body formed memory material with a metal or metallization layer to be provided so that the resonator length exclusively by the honeycomb body is fixed. Such a design has a higher one Sensitivity due to higher volume fraction the storage or catalyst material in the resonator and a very simple housing-independent resonator geometry. additionally the spread of microwave power to the outside is reduced.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:One embodiment The invention is illustrated in the drawing and in the following description explained in more detail. It demonstrate:
Der
in
Zur
Ein- bzw. Auskopplung eines zur Messung verwendeten Mikrowellensignals
dienen zwei Feldsonden
Die
beiden Feldsonden
Da
sich die elektrischen Eigenschaften des mit Speichermaterial beschichteten
Wabenkörpers
Die
Verhältnisse
bzw. Messergebnisse bei einer Anordnung gemäß
Aus
den Kurven geht hervor, dass gemäß
Die
Auswertung dieser Verhältnisse
kann nun so erfolgen, dass im üblichen
mageren Betriebszustand des Verbrennungsmotors durch die Auswerteeinrichtung
Der vereinfacht dargestellte Ablauf kann noch durch geeignete Maßnahmen erweitert werden, die die temperaturbedingten Veränderungen der Resonanzfrequenz kompensieren. So bewirkt z.B. eine Erwärmung und die damit verbundene Ausdehnung des Katalysatorgehäuses ebenfalls ein Absinken der Resonanzfrequenz.Of the Simplified flow can still be achieved through appropriate measures be extended, the temperature changes compensate the resonance frequency. For example, a warming and the associated expansion of the catalyst housing also a decrease in the resonant frequency.
An Stelle der beschriebenen Transmissionsmessung kann auch eine Reflexionsmessung erfolgen, d.h., das im Hohlraumresonator reflektierte Mikrowellensignal wird erfasst und in entsprechender Weise ausgewertet. Die Reflexionsmessung kann auch nur mit einer einzelnen Feldsonde durchgeführt werden, die das Mikrowellensignal sowohl einkoppelt, wie auch das reflektierte Signal wieder ankoppelt.At Position of the transmission measurement described can also be a reflection measurement that is, the microwave signal reflected in the cavity resonator is recorded and evaluated in a corresponding manner. The reflection measurement can also be performed only with a single field probe, which both injects the microwave signal and the reflected one Reconnect signal.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren eignet sich nicht nur zur Erfassung des Zustands des beschriebenen NOx-Speicherkatalysators oder eines SCR-Katalysators, sondern kann auch für andere Katalysatorarten eingesetzt werden, z.B. einen 3-Wege-Katalysator, eine Kohlenwasserstofffalle oder auch eine SOx-Falle.The inventive method is not suitable only for detecting the state of the described NOx storage catalyst or an SCR catalyst, but can also for other types of catalysts are used, e.g. a 3-way catalyst, a Hydrocarbon trap or a SOx trap.
Claims (13)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10358495A DE10358495B4 (en) | 2003-12-13 | 2003-12-13 | Method for detecting the state of a catalyst by means of microwaves |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10358495A DE10358495B4 (en) | 2003-12-13 | 2003-12-13 | Method for detecting the state of a catalyst by means of microwaves |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE10358495A1 true DE10358495A1 (en) | 2005-07-14 |
DE10358495B4 DE10358495B4 (en) | 2011-10-06 |
Family
ID=34672719
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE10358495A Expired - Fee Related DE10358495B4 (en) | 2003-12-13 | 2003-12-13 | Method for detecting the state of a catalyst by means of microwaves |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE10358495B4 (en) |
Cited By (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102008012050A1 (en) | 2008-02-29 | 2009-09-03 | Fischerauer, Gerhard, Prof. Dr.-Ing. | Exhaust after-treatment system operating method for motor vehicle, involves regulating condition of catalyzer as continues input variable of engine control for regulation of exhaust after-treatment system |
DE102010019309A1 (en) | 2010-05-03 | 2011-11-03 | Gerhard Fischerauer | Method for recognition of state of selective catalytic reduction catalyst and diesel particulate filter in after-treatment of exhaust gases system, involves calculating reflectance factor amount of interfered electromagnetic wave |
DE102010034983A1 (en) | 2010-08-20 | 2012-02-23 | Gerhard Fischerauer | Method for detecting current state of exhaust after-treatment system in e.g. motor car, involves determining measured variables in different frequency ranges to allow measuring device to provide conclusions about memory state |
DE102011107784A1 (en) | 2011-07-15 | 2013-01-17 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Method for determining the state of an exhaust gas purification device |
WO2014173889A1 (en) | 2013-04-23 | 2014-10-30 | Basf Se | Method and device for measuring deposits in the interior of an apparatus by using microwave radiation |
DE102014000400A1 (en) | 2014-01-17 | 2015-08-06 | Peter Fremerey | Sensor for determining the surface loading of heterogeneous catalyst materials coated with an ionic liquid |
EP2927443A1 (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2015-10-07 | Caterpillar Inc. | Apparatus and method for detecting urea deposit formation |
WO2015173150A1 (en) | 2014-05-16 | 2015-11-19 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Method for detecting the degree of aging of catalytic converters |
DE102015001229A1 (en) | 2015-02-03 | 2016-08-04 | Markus Dietrich | Device for coupling and / or decoupling microwaves into the exhaust gas line of an internal combustion engine |
DE102015001228A1 (en) | 2015-02-03 | 2016-08-04 | Markus Dietrich | Antenna module with two combined antennas for a method for state detection of exhaust aftertreatment components using microwaves |
DE102015001230A1 (en) | 2015-02-03 | 2016-08-04 | Markus Dietrich | Thermocouple thermocouple antennas for a method of detecting the state of a catalyst with microwaves |
DE102015001231A1 (en) | 2015-02-03 | 2016-08-04 | Markus Dietrich | A method for simultaneously monitoring the various functions of a multi-component exhaust aftertreatment system with a single microwave based measurement system |
EP3067527A1 (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2016-09-14 | General Electric Company | Systems and methods for monitoring the health of a three-way catalyst |
EP3073082A1 (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2016-09-28 | General Electric Company | Systems and methods for monitoing the health of a selective catalytic reduction catalyst |
DE102015006232A1 (en) | 2015-05-18 | 2016-11-24 | Markus Dietrich | Method for loading and / or condition detection of exhaust aftertreatment components using microwaves |
DE102015116659A1 (en) * | 2015-10-01 | 2017-04-20 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Method and device for determining an indication of a storage capacity of a reagent in an exhaust aftertreatment device |
WO2018050354A1 (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2018-03-22 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Method for operating a catalyst device in a motor vehicle |
WO2018068994A1 (en) * | 2016-10-10 | 2018-04-19 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Self-diagnosis of a catalytic converter by s-parameter measurement |
DE102017213594A1 (en) | 2017-08-04 | 2019-02-07 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | A method of determining the loading state of an SCR catalyst and SCR catalyst device |
US10539060B2 (en) | 2016-10-07 | 2020-01-21 | Cpt Group Gmbh | On-board diagnostics for an exhaust gas catalytic converter and detection of aging |
DE102020002623A1 (en) | 2020-04-30 | 2021-11-04 | Gunter Hagen | Method for simultaneous temperature and condition monitoring of an exhaust gas aftertreatment element |
US11579098B2 (en) | 2016-08-22 | 2023-02-14 | Basf Se | Method and apparatus for detecting deposits in a pipe system of an apparatus |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102011076347A1 (en) * | 2011-05-24 | 2012-11-29 | MAX-PLANCK-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. | System for contactless conductivity measurement of heterogeneous catalysts under reaction conditions |
DE102017200542A1 (en) | 2017-01-13 | 2018-07-19 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for determining a nitrogen oxide mass flow |
DE102017205319A1 (en) | 2017-03-29 | 2018-10-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for detecting damage to an SCR catalyst |
DE102017205322A1 (en) | 2017-03-29 | 2018-10-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for detecting damage to an SCR catalyst |
DE102017206906A1 (en) | 2017-04-25 | 2018-10-25 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for determining an accuracy of a reducing agent solution dosage and / or a concentration of the metered reducing agent solution |
DE102017209521B3 (en) | 2017-06-07 | 2018-06-28 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Method for determining a condition of an exhaust gas treatment element for a motor vehicle and device |
JP6881363B2 (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2021-06-02 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Abnormality diagnostic device |
DE102018110214A1 (en) | 2018-04-27 | 2019-04-04 | Iav Gmbh Ingenieurgesellschaft Auto Und Verkehr | Method for detecting the condition of a high-frequency antenna for an SCR catalytic converter |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT381173B (en) * | 1982-05-11 | 1986-09-10 | List Hans | METHOD FOR QUANTITATIVELY DETERMINING PARTICULATE COMBUSTION RESIDUES |
US4477771A (en) * | 1982-06-21 | 1984-10-16 | General Motors Corporation | Microwave detection of soot content in a particulate trap |
JPH0672861B2 (en) * | 1986-08-04 | 1994-09-14 | 日本碍子株式会社 | NOx sensor |
JPH0750041B2 (en) * | 1991-09-06 | 1995-05-31 | アトミック エナジー オブ カナダ リミテッド/エネルジイ アトミック デュ カナダ リミテ | Antenna system for soot detector |
DE4308767A1 (en) * | 1993-03-19 | 1994-09-22 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Method for determining gas components and / or gas concentrations in gas mixtures |
US5409591A (en) * | 1993-09-24 | 1995-04-25 | Baker; Charles K. | Selective electrochemical detector for nitric oxide and method |
DE19635977A1 (en) * | 1996-09-05 | 1998-03-12 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Sensor for monitoring a NOx catalytic converter |
DE19916677C1 (en) * | 1999-04-14 | 2001-01-25 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Load sensor for nitrogen oxide adsorber in Otto or diesel engine comprises devices for determining dielectric constant indicative for degree of charge of nitrogen oxide adsorber with adsorbed nitrogen oxides |
DE10064499B4 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2011-11-03 | Ralf Moos | Method for detecting the status of a NOx storage catalytic converter |
-
2003
- 2003-12-13 DE DE10358495A patent/DE10358495B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (37)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102008012050A1 (en) | 2008-02-29 | 2009-09-03 | Fischerauer, Gerhard, Prof. Dr.-Ing. | Exhaust after-treatment system operating method for motor vehicle, involves regulating condition of catalyzer as continues input variable of engine control for regulation of exhaust after-treatment system |
DE102010019309A1 (en) | 2010-05-03 | 2011-11-03 | Gerhard Fischerauer | Method for recognition of state of selective catalytic reduction catalyst and diesel particulate filter in after-treatment of exhaust gases system, involves calculating reflectance factor amount of interfered electromagnetic wave |
DE102010019309B4 (en) | 2010-05-03 | 2022-05-19 | Gerhard Fischerauer | Method for detecting the condition of a combined exhaust aftertreatment system with multiple components |
DE102010034983A1 (en) | 2010-08-20 | 2012-02-23 | Gerhard Fischerauer | Method for detecting current state of exhaust after-treatment system in e.g. motor car, involves determining measured variables in different frequency ranges to allow measuring device to provide conclusions about memory state |
US9540984B2 (en) | 2011-07-15 | 2017-01-10 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Method for condition determination of an exhaust-gas purification system |
DE102011107784A1 (en) | 2011-07-15 | 2013-01-17 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Method for determining the state of an exhaust gas purification device |
WO2013010897A1 (en) | 2011-07-15 | 2013-01-24 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Method for condition determination of an exhaust - gas purification system |
DE102011107784B4 (en) * | 2011-07-15 | 2014-03-13 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Method for determining the state of an exhaust gas purification device |
WO2014173889A1 (en) | 2013-04-23 | 2014-10-30 | Basf Se | Method and device for measuring deposits in the interior of an apparatus by using microwave radiation |
DE102014000400A1 (en) | 2014-01-17 | 2015-08-06 | Peter Fremerey | Sensor for determining the surface loading of heterogeneous catalyst materials coated with an ionic liquid |
CN106164432B (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2018-11-30 | 珀金斯发动机有限公司 | Device and method for detecting urea deposit formation |
CN106164432A (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2016-11-23 | 卡特彼勒公司 | For detecting the apparatus and method that urea deposit is formed |
US10550744B2 (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2020-02-04 | Perkins Engines Company Limited | Apparatus and method for detecting urea deposit formation |
EP2927443A1 (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2015-10-07 | Caterpillar Inc. | Apparatus and method for detecting urea deposit formation |
WO2015150498A1 (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2015-10-08 | Caterpillar Inc. | Apparatus and method for detecting urea deposit formation |
US20170096924A1 (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2017-04-06 | Caterpillar Inc. | Apparatus and Method for Detecting Urea Deposit Formation |
DE102014209305A1 (en) | 2014-05-16 | 2015-11-19 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Method for detecting the degree of aging of catalytic converters |
WO2015173150A1 (en) | 2014-05-16 | 2015-11-19 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Method for detecting the degree of aging of catalytic converters |
DE102014209305B4 (en) * | 2014-05-16 | 2016-04-07 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Method for detecting the degree of aging of catalytic converters |
US10036298B2 (en) | 2014-05-16 | 2018-07-31 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Method for detecting the degree of aging of catalytic converters |
DE102015001231A1 (en) | 2015-02-03 | 2016-08-04 | Markus Dietrich | A method for simultaneously monitoring the various functions of a multi-component exhaust aftertreatment system with a single microwave based measurement system |
DE102015001230A1 (en) | 2015-02-03 | 2016-08-04 | Markus Dietrich | Thermocouple thermocouple antennas for a method of detecting the state of a catalyst with microwaves |
DE102015001228A1 (en) | 2015-02-03 | 2016-08-04 | Markus Dietrich | Antenna module with two combined antennas for a method for state detection of exhaust aftertreatment components using microwaves |
DE102015001229A1 (en) | 2015-02-03 | 2016-08-04 | Markus Dietrich | Device for coupling and / or decoupling microwaves into the exhaust gas line of an internal combustion engine |
EP3067527A1 (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2016-09-14 | General Electric Company | Systems and methods for monitoring the health of a three-way catalyst |
EP3073082A1 (en) * | 2015-03-26 | 2016-09-28 | General Electric Company | Systems and methods for monitoing the health of a selective catalytic reduction catalyst |
DE102015006232A1 (en) | 2015-05-18 | 2016-11-24 | Markus Dietrich | Method for loading and / or condition detection of exhaust aftertreatment components using microwaves |
DE102015116659A1 (en) * | 2015-10-01 | 2017-04-20 | Umicore Ag & Co. Kg | Method and device for determining an indication of a storage capacity of a reagent in an exhaust aftertreatment device |
US11579098B2 (en) | 2016-08-22 | 2023-02-14 | Basf Se | Method and apparatus for detecting deposits in a pipe system of an apparatus |
US20190211736A1 (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2019-07-11 | Cpt Group Gmbh | Operating a Catalytic Converter Device in a Motor Vehicle |
WO2018050354A1 (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2018-03-22 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Method for operating a catalyst device in a motor vehicle |
US10539060B2 (en) | 2016-10-07 | 2020-01-21 | Cpt Group Gmbh | On-board diagnostics for an exhaust gas catalytic converter and detection of aging |
WO2018068994A1 (en) * | 2016-10-10 | 2018-04-19 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Self-diagnosis of a catalytic converter by s-parameter measurement |
DE102017213594A1 (en) | 2017-08-04 | 2019-02-07 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | A method of determining the loading state of an SCR catalyst and SCR catalyst device |
WO2019025129A1 (en) | 2017-08-04 | 2019-02-07 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Method for ascertaining the state of load of an scr catalyst, and scr catalyst device |
DE102017213594B4 (en) | 2017-08-04 | 2020-06-25 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Method for determining the loading state of an SCR catalytic converter and SCR catalytic converter device |
DE102020002623A1 (en) | 2020-04-30 | 2021-11-04 | Gunter Hagen | Method for simultaneous temperature and condition monitoring of an exhaust gas aftertreatment element |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE10358495B4 (en) | 2011-10-06 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE10358495B4 (en) | Method for detecting the state of a catalyst by means of microwaves | |
DE102011107784B4 (en) | Method for determining the state of an exhaust gas purification device | |
EP1714012B1 (en) | Device for determination of the state of a soot particle filter | |
DE102010034983A1 (en) | Method for detecting current state of exhaust after-treatment system in e.g. motor car, involves determining measured variables in different frequency ranges to allow measuring device to provide conclusions about memory state | |
DE102008012050A1 (en) | Exhaust after-treatment system operating method for motor vehicle, involves regulating condition of catalyzer as continues input variable of engine control for regulation of exhaust after-treatment system | |
DE102016219555B4 (en) | On-board diagnostics for a catalytic converter and aging detection | |
DE102014209305B4 (en) | Method for detecting the degree of aging of catalytic converters | |
EP3516184B1 (en) | Method for operating a catalyst device in a motor vehicle | |
DE3412704A1 (en) | DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE ALCOHOL CONTENT IN FUEL MIXTURES | |
EP1564386B1 (en) | Apparatus and method for determining the loading status of a particulate filter | |
EP0936348A2 (en) | Method for determining the filling ratio or the quality of a gas storing catalyst | |
DE102010019309B4 (en) | Method for detecting the condition of a combined exhaust aftertreatment system with multiple components | |
DE102015001231A1 (en) | A method for simultaneously monitoring the various functions of a multi-component exhaust aftertreatment system with a single microwave based measurement system | |
WO2018068994A1 (en) | Self-diagnosis of a catalytic converter by s-parameter measurement | |
WO1998010272A1 (en) | MONITORING SENSOR FOR NOx CATALYTIC CONVERTER | |
DE102015116659A1 (en) | Method and device for determining an indication of a storage capacity of a reagent in an exhaust aftertreatment device | |
DE102017209521B3 (en) | Method for determining a condition of an exhaust gas treatment element for a motor vehicle and device | |
DE102017214750B4 (en) | Method and device for determining a condition of an exhaust gas treatment element for a motor vehicle | |
WO2017220293A1 (en) | Capacitive limit level switch | |
DE102017213928B4 (en) | Method and device for determining a condition of an exhaust gas treatment element for a motor vehicle | |
DE102015001229A1 (en) | Device for coupling and / or decoupling microwaves into the exhaust gas line of an internal combustion engine | |
DE102015001228A1 (en) | Antenna module with two combined antennas for a method for state detection of exhaust aftertreatment components using microwaves | |
DE102018110214A1 (en) | Method for detecting the condition of a high-frequency antenna for an SCR catalytic converter | |
WO2018219824A1 (en) | Method and arrangement for determining the resonance frequency of an exhaust-gas aftertreatment system | |
WO2019030132A1 (en) | Antenna for a radio-frequency system for exhaust gas aftertreatment for a motor vehicle, radio-frequency system and method for operating said antenna |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
OP8 | Request for examination as to paragraph 44 patent law | ||
8127 | New person/name/address of the applicant |
Owner name: DAIMLERCHRYSLER AG, 70327 STUTTGART, DE |
|
8127 | New person/name/address of the applicant |
Owner name: DAIMLER AG, 70327 STUTTGART, DE |
|
8127 | New person/name/address of the applicant |
Owner name: MOOS, RALF, PROF. DR. ING., 95447 BAYREUTH, DE |
|
8120 | Willingness to grant licences paragraph 23 | ||
R018 | Grant decision by examination section/examining division | ||
R020 | Patent grant now final |
Effective date: 20120110 |
|
R085 | Willingness to licence withdrawn | ||
R084 | Declaration of willingness to licence | ||
R119 | Application deemed withdrawn, or ip right lapsed, due to non-payment of renewal fee |