DE102022121873B3 - Thermal coupling module, thermal coupling system and method for heat transfer between at least one electrical energy storage and at least one heat consumer - Google Patents

Abstract

Thermal coupling module (10) for heat transfer between at least one electrical energy storage (2001..n) and at least one heat consumer (3001..n) through a heat transport medium (90), comprising at least one energy storage heat exchanger (201..n) with an input (221..n) and an output (241..n); at least one heat consumer heat exchanger (30↓1..m↓) with an inlet (32↓1..m↓) and an outlet (34↓1..m↓) a first fluid line (40) between the energy storage heat exchanger output and the heat collector heat exchanger inlet with a heat collector isolation valve (46); a second fluid line (50) between the heat collector heat exchanger outlet and the energy storage heat exchanger inlet with an energy storage isolation valve (52); at least one heat source (80) for feeding thermal energy into the heat transport medium in the first fluid line; a third fluid connection (60) between the heat collector heat exchanger outlet and the first fluid line between the heat source and the heat collector isolation valve (46) with a heat collector bypass valve (62); a fourth fluid connection (70) between the heat collector heat exchanger outlet and the first fluid line between the energy storage heat exchanger outlet and the heat source with an energy storage bypass valve (72); and a control unit (92) for controlling the supply of thermal energy through the heat source and the heat transfer between the electrical energy storage and the heat consumer by controlling or regulating the volume flow of the heat transport medium through the valves.

Description

The invention relates to a thermal coupling module, a thermal coupling system and a method for heat transfer between at least one electrical energy storage and at least one heat consumer.

The invention lies in the technical field of energy technology and in particular in the system technology for energy storage systems. The increased expansion of power generation systems in the field of renewable energies and in particular the high volatility of the electricity generated by wind turbines and photovoltaic systems results in a large and constantly increasing need for energy storage devices for the temporary storage of excess electrical energy in times of high solar and/or Wind volume in order to be able to use the stored energy again in the power grid or locally at a time of low power generation and high power consumption.

Battery systems as temporary storage for excess electrical energy have promising properties that make them very attractive for the energy transition that is underway in Germany and worldwide. The efficiency of such battery systems varies depending on the battery technology and area of application, with the resulting losses largely being dissipated unused as waste heat. Heat loss arises primarily in the battery system itself and in the associated power electronics. So-called flow batteries are suitable for use as a comparatively large stationary electrical buffer for energy of around 1 kWh to 1 GWh, as their flexible and safe handling means they can also be integrated into buildings for their own use of electrical energy obtained from renewable sources. The disadvantage here is their significantly lower efficiency compared to lithium-ion batteries, the current leading technology in the field of electrical energy storage.

The use of the heat loss from large stationary battery systems, in particular from flow batteries due to their poorer efficiency, therefore has the potential to increase their energy efficiency and at the same time their competitiveness. However, while the share of renewable energies in the area of electricity production has risen sharply in recent decades and now accounts for around half of the annual energy volume in Germany, in the area of heat energy use the share of renewable energies is significantly lower, so that here for reasons of climate protection and There is a great need for action for geopolitical reasons.

JP 2012-35 812 A describes an air conditioner for a vehicle with a cooling circuit and an equipment cooling circuit, which can reduce the power consumption of the cooling circuit.

DE 10 2015 225 650 A1 describes a method for temperature control of an energy system with at least one battery module and at least one fuel cell module, the fuel cell module comprising a first temperature control circuit and a second temperature control circuit.

DE 10 2009 019 607 A1 describes a vehicle with a passenger compartment, an energy storage device for supplying electrically operated components of the vehicle and an electrically operated device for air conditioning the passenger compartment.

DE 10 2014 212 833 A1 describes a method for cooling a battery, in which at least one electrolyte liquid of the battery is passed to a heat exchanger for cooling, waste heat from the electrolyte liquid is transferred to a heat sink via the heat exchanger and in which a temperature of the heat sink is determined.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide energy storage systems and methods for storing energy which, in particular, efficiently store and use energy generated from renewable energy sources.

This task is solved by the subjects of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the subclaims.

• mindestens einen Energiespeicher-Wärmetauscher, welcher zur Wärmeübertragung zwischen dem elektrischen Energiespeicher und einem Wärmetransportmedium ausgelegt ist, wobei der Energiespeicher-Wärmetauscher einen Energiespeicher-Wärmetauscher-Eingang und einen Energiespeicher-Wärmetauscher-Ausgang für das Wärmetransportmedium aufweist;
• mindestens einen Wärmeabnehmer-Wärmetauscher, welcher zur Wärmeübertragung zwischen dem Wärmeabnehmer und dem Wärmetransportmedium ausgelegt ist, wobei der Wärmeabnehmer-Wärmetauscher einen Wärmeabnehmer-Wärmetauscher-Eingang und einen Wärmeabnehmer-Wärmetauscher-Ausgang für das Wärmetransportmedium aufweist;
• eine erste Fluidleitung für das Wärmetransportmedium zur Fluidverbindung des Energiespeicher-Wärmetauscher-Ausgangs mit dem Wärmeabnehmer-Wärmetauscher-Eingang;
• ein in der ersten Fluidleitung angeordnetes, steuerbares Wärmeabnehmer-Abtrennventil zur Steuerung eines Volumenstroms des Wärmetransportmediums durch das Wärmeabnehmer-Abtrennventil;
• eine zweite Fluidleitung für das Wärmetransportmedium zur Fluidverbindung des Wärmeabnehmer-Wärmetauscher-Ausgangs mit dem Energiespeicher-Wärmetauscher-Eingang;
• ein in der zweiten Fluidleitung angeordnetes, steuerbares Energiespeicher-Abtrennventil zur Steuerung eines Volumenstroms des Wärmetransportmediums durch das Energiespeicher-Abtrennventil;
• mindestens eine Wärmequelle zur Einspeisung von Wärmeenergie in das Wärmetransportmedium zwischen dem Energiespeicher-Wärmetauscher-Ausgang und dem Wärmeabnehmer-Abtrennventil in der ersten Fluidleitung;
• eine dritte Fluidverbindung für das Wärmetransportmedium zur Fluidverbindung des Wärmeabnehmer-Wärmetauscher-Ausgangs mit einem Wärmequellen-stromabwärtigen Leitungsabschnitt der ersten Fluidleitung zwischen der Wärmequelle und dem Wärmeabnehmer-Abtrennventil;
• ein in der dritten Fluidleitung angeordnetes, steuerbares Wärmeabnehmer-Bypass-Ventil zur Steuerung eines Volumenstroms des Wärmetransportmediums durch das Wärmeabnehmer-Bypass-Ventil;
• eine vierte Fluidverbindung für das Wärmetransportmedium zur Fluidverbindung des Wärmeabnehmer-Wärmetauscher-Ausgang mit einem Wärmequellen-stromaufwärtigen Leitungsabschnitt der ersten Fluidleitung zwischen dem Energiespeicher-Wärmetauscher-Ausgang und der Wärmequelle;
• ein in der vierten Fluidleitung angeordnetes, steuerbares Energiespeicher-Bypass-Ventil zur Steuerung eines Volumenstroms des Wärmetransportmediums durch das Energiespeicher-Bypass-Ventil; und
• eine Regelungseinheit zur Steuerung bzw. Regelung der Einspeisung von Wärmeenergie durch die Wärmequelle und zur Steuerung bzw. Regelung der Wärmeübertragung zwischen dem elektrischen Energiespeicher und dem Wärmeabnehmer durch Steuerung bzw. Regelung des Volumenstroms des Wärmetransportmediums durch das Wärmeabnehmer-Abtrennventil, das Energiespeicher-Abtrennventil, das Wärmeabnehmer-Bypass-Ventil und das Energiespeicher-Bypass-Ventil.

One aspect of solving the problem relates to a thermal coupling module for heat transfer between at least one electrical energy storage and at least one heat consumer, the thermal coupling module comprising:

• at least one energy storage heat exchanger designed to transfer heat between the electrical energy storage and a heat transport medium, the energy storage heat exchanger having an energy storage heat exchanger input and an energy storage heat exchanger output for the heat transport medium;
• at least one heat collector heat exchanger which is designed for heat transfer between the heat collector and the heat transport medium, the heat collector heat exchanger having a heat collector heat exchanger inlet and has a heat collector heat exchanger outlet for the heat transport medium;
• a first fluid line for the heat transport medium for fluidly connecting the energy storage heat exchanger output to the heat collector heat exchanger input;
• a controllable heat collector isolation valve arranged in the first fluid line for controlling a volume flow of the heat transport medium through the heat collector isolation valve;
• a second fluid line for the heat transport medium for fluidly connecting the heat collector heat exchanger output to the energy storage heat exchanger input;
• a controllable energy storage isolation valve arranged in the second fluid line for controlling a volume flow of the heat transport medium through the energy storage isolation valve;
• at least one heat source for feeding thermal energy into the heat transport medium between the energy storage heat exchanger outlet and the heat collector isolation valve in the first fluid line;
• a third fluid connection for the heat transport medium for fluidly connecting the heat collector heat exchanger outlet to a heat source downstream line portion of the first fluid line between the heat source and the heat collector isolation valve;
• a controllable heat collector bypass valve arranged in the third fluid line for controlling a volume flow of the heat transport medium through the heat collector bypass valve;
• a fourth fluid connection for the heat transport medium for fluidly connecting the heat collector heat exchanger outlet to a heat source upstream line section of the first fluid line between the energy storage heat exchanger outlet and the heat source;
• a controllable energy storage bypass valve arranged in the fourth fluid line for controlling a volume flow of the heat transport medium through the energy storage bypass valve; and
• a control unit for controlling or regulating the feed-in of thermal energy through the heat source and for controlling or regulating the heat transfer between the electrical energy storage and the heat consumer by controlling or regulating the volume flow of the heat transport medium through the heat consumer isolation valve, the energy storage isolation valve, the Heat collector bypass valve and the energy storage bypass valve.

A technical advantage of the thermal coupling module lies in a sector coupling of energy systems of different forms of energy, in particular electrical energy and thermal energy, for flexible conversion between electrical energy and heat in order to couple two separate energy systems with one another. Here, the (electrical) storage medium of an electrical energy storage device is additionally used as a heat storage medium for a heat energy buffer in order to store additional energy in addition to the electrical energy when energy production increases, particularly from renewable energy sources, and to release heat energy again in times of low energy production and to store this energy in a coupled Heat energy system to use. In this way, the efficiency of the electrical energy storage is also increased by using the power loss of the electrical energy storage during electrical operation.

In particular, such a thermal coupling module is particularly suitable for buildings with photovoltaic and/or wind energy systems in order to cover a larger proportion of energy for one's own needs from such sector coupling and thus also to relieve the power grids to a greater extent. Use in combination with large renewable energy generation systems with storage and feeding the thermal energy into the district heating network is also conceivable here. The described thermal coupling module makes heat input, heat storage and heat recovery in a large electricity storage system economically and ecologically attractive. What is crucial here is the coupling of these three capabilities in a technical solution.

An exclusive use of a heat circuit for the heat recovery of an electrical energy storage device, in particular a battery system such as a vanadium redox flow battery, could in many cases not economically justify the installation of a heat recovery system. In many decentralized storage systems, the amount of heat saved would not be sufficient to exceed the investment and operating costs. If, on the other hand, an additional heat source is added to the heat transfer system, with which a temporary excess energy can be stored as heat in the battery system and/or can be used directly, the savings potential increases enormously. It lies The reason for this is that less heat energy has to be purchased externally or produced in-house.

The thermal coupling module forms a closed circuit for the heat transport medium within a branched hydraulic system comprising the fluid lines, the at least one energy storage heat exchanger and the at least one heat collector heat exchanger. Both a liquid and a gaseous heat transport medium can be used in the thermal coupling module. The heat transport medium is transported passively through temperature gradients within the closed circuit and/or actively through the use of at least one heat transport medium pump in a predetermined circulation direction through the branched hydraulic system. In particular, the heat transport medium flows through the energy storage heat exchanger and the heat collector heat exchanger in the direction from the respective input to the respective output. In this way, the thermal coupling module can also transport thermal energy over longer distances, for example within a building, and the electrical energy storage can be installed spatially away from the heat consumer.

The electrical energy storage can be designed as a single, large electrical energy storage or can also include several smaller energy storage devices. Likewise, the heat consumer can be a large heat consumer that obtains all of the thermal energy from the thermal coupling module, or several small heat consumers can absorb partial amounts of the thermal energy. In this way, the flexibility for using the thermal coupling mode is further increased.

The energy storage heat exchanger and the heat collector heat exchanger are devices that transfer thermal energy from one heat transport medium or material flow to another. In particular, thermal energy is transferred from the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage via the energy storage heat exchanger to the heat transport medium of the thermal coupling module and the heat energy transported via the branched hydraulic system to the heat collector heat exchanger is transferred from the heat transport medium via the heat collector heat exchanger to a heat medium of the heat collector. The heat medium is the part of the heat consumer to which heat energy is to be supplied. The heat medium can be a fluid and/or solid medium, which is either consumed as in a hot water storage tank and is supplied and removed through an inflow and outflow in the heat consumer, or which remains stationary in the heat consumer.

In a thermal coupling module with a plurality of heat collector heat exchangers for transferring heat to the heat storage media of a plurality of heat collectors, the heat collector isolation valve can be designed as a multi-way valve, which connects the first fluid line to the inlets of the heat collector heat exchangers, or as one A plurality of individual valves, each of which connects the first fluid line to the inlet of a heat collector heat exchanger. Likewise, in a thermal coupling module with a plurality of energy storage heat exchangers, the energy storage isolation valve can be designed as a multi-way valve, which connects the second fluid line to the inputs of the energy storage heat exchangers, or as a plurality of individual valves, each of which connects the second fluid line connects to the input of an energy storage heat exchanger.

The heat source of the thermal coupling module is designed to feed external electrical or thermal excess power, preferably from renewable energies, into the system as heat. In certain cases this can be process heat or solar thermal energy, but wastewater or exhaust air heat recovery is also an example of heat input from an external heat source. From an economic perspective, however, it can also make sense to obtain external surplus power from the public electrical network if there is a risk of overloading the electrical network due to too much feed-in. In addition, from a business perspective, it can make sense to charge the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage and/or the heat transport medium in the thermal coupling module and/or the heat medium of the heat consumer with heat from externally purchased electrical energy if electrical energy is available particularly cheaply from electricity exchanges.

In most cases, feeding additional external energy via the heat source involves a suitable conversion of electrical power into thermal power. Here, the heat source can in particular be designed as a heating element, which brings high thermal outputs into the system in a particularly cost-effective manner, or alternatively a heat pump, which can work more efficiently compared to the heating element. With the same amount of input current, more than twice the amount of thermal power can be generated be fed. Alternatively, an instantaneous water heater can also be used.

The heat transport medium is a fluid and can be either liquid or gaseous. In the branched hydraulic system of the thermal coupling mode, a liquid heat transport medium, in particular water, is preferably used, since this makes it easier to avoid local pressure differences in the hydraulic system. Water as a heat transport medium also has the advantage of being environmentally friendly and/or non-toxic, having a high specific heat capacity and being available inexpensively.

• einen Einspeiseüberschuss-Informationsgeber, welcher ausgelegt ist, eine Verfügbarkeit und vorzugsweise einen Betrag einer einspeisbaren Überschussleistung zu ermitteln und an die Regelungseinheit als Überschussleistung-Verfügbarkeitsinformation und Überschussleistung-Betragsinformation auszugeben, wobei die einspeisbare Überschussleistung an die Wärmequelle zur Erwärmung des Wärmetransportmediums zuführbar ist, wobei der Überschussleistung-Informationsgeber ausgelegt ist, die Überschussleistung-Verfügbarkeitsinformation und die Überschussleistung-Betragsinformation an die Regelungseinheit auszugeben, wenn
  • - die einspeisbare Überschussleistung eine Überschussleistung aus erneuerbaren Energien ist; und/oder
  • - die einspeisbare Überschussleistung eine thermische Überschussleistung ist, welche einer externen Wärmequelle entnehmbar ist; und/oder
  • - die einspeisbare Überschussleistung eine elektrische Überschussleistung ist, welche zur Verringerung einer Netzüberlastung einem externen Stromnetz entnehmbar ist; und/oder
  • - die einspeisbare Überschussleistung eine elektrische Überschussleistung ist, welchem einem Stromnetz zu einem Stromentnahmepreis pro Zeiteinheit entnehmbar ist, welcher unter einem Schwellwertentnahmepreis pro Zeiteinheit liegt; und/oder
• einen Energiespeicher-Sensor zur Ermittlung eines Betriebszustandes des elektrischen Energiespeichers, insbesondere einer Temperatur eines Wärmespeichermediums des elektrischen Energiespeichers; und/oder
• einen Wärmeabnehmer-Sensor zur Ermittlung einer Temperatur T_WA eines Wärmemediums des Wärmeabnehmers; und/oder
• einen Wärmeabnehmer-Wärmetauscher-Eingang-Sensor zur Ermittlung eines Betriebszustandes des Wärmetransportmediums an dem Wärmeabnehmer-Wärmetauscher-Eingang, wobei der Betriebszustand des Wärmetransportmediums eine Temperatur T_WA-EIN des Wärmetransportmediums an dem Wärmeabnehmer-Wärmetauscher-Eingang beinhaltet; und/oder
• einen Wärmeabnehmer-Wärmetauscher-Ausgang-Sensor zur Ermittlung eines Betriebszustandes des Wärmetransportmediums an dem Wärmeabnehmer-Wärmetauscher-Ausgang, wobei der Betriebszustand des Wärmetransportmediums eine Temperatur T_WA-AUS des Wärmetransportmediums an dem Wärmeabnehmer-Wärmetauscher-Ausgang beinhaltet; und/oder
• einen Energiespeicher-Wärmetauscher-Eingang-Sensor zur Ermittlung eines Betriebszustandes des Wärmetransportmediums an dem Energiespeicher-Wärmetauscher-Eingang, wobei der Betriebszustand des Wärmetransportmediums eine Temperatur T_ES-EIN des Wärmetransportmediums an dem Energiespeicher-Wärmetauscher-Eingang beinhaltet; und/oder
• einen Energiespeicher-Wärmetauscher-Ausgang-Sensor zur Ermittlung eines Betriebszustandes des Wärmetransportmediums an dem Energiespeicher - Wärmetauscher-Ausgang, wobei der Betriebszustand des Wärmetransportmediums eine Temperatur T_ES-AUS des Wärmetransportmediums an dem Energiespeicher-Wärmetauscher-Ausgang beinhaltet; und/oder
• einen Wärmequellen-Eingang-Sensor zur Ermittlung eines Betriebszustandes des Wärmetransportmediums an einer ersten Sensorposition in der ersten Fluidleitung, wobei der Betriebszustand des Wärmetransportmediums eine Temperatur T_WQ-EIN des Wärmetransportmediums an der ersten Sensorposition beinhaltet, wobei die erste Sensorposition stromaufwärtig der Wärmequelle und stromabwärtig eines ersten Fluidleitungsverbindungspunkts einer Verbindung der ersten Fluidleitung mit der vierten Fluidleitung liegt; und/oder
• einen Wärmequellen-Ausgang-Sensor zur Ermittlung eines Betriebszustandes des Wärmetransportmediums an einer zweiten Sensorposition in der ersten Fluidleitung, wobei der Betriebszustand des Wärmetransportmediums eine Temperatur T_WQ-AUS des Wärmetransportmediums an der zweiten Sensorposition beinhaltet, wobei die zweite Sensorposition stromabwärtig der Wärmequelle und stromaufwärtig eines zweiten Fluidleitungsverbindungspunkts einer Verbindung der ersten Fluidleitung mit der dritten Fluidleitung liegt; und/oder
• einen Wärmeabnehmer-Wärmebedarf-Sensor zur Ermittlung eines Betrags eines Wärmebedarfs des Wärmeabnehmers, wobei der Wärmebedarf eine Wärmeübertragungsleistung ist, die dem Wärmetransportmedium von dem Wärmeabnehmer über den Wärmeabnehmer-Wärmetauscher entzogen wird;
• wobei der Energiespeicher-Sensor, der Wärmeabnehmer-Sensor, der Wärmeabnehmer-Wärmetauscher-Eingang-Sensor, der Wärmeabnehmer-Wärmetauscher-Ausgang-Sensor, der Energiespeicher-Wärmetauscher-Eingang-Sensor, der Energiespeicher-Wärmetauscher-Ausgang-Sensor, der Wärmequellen-Eingang-Sensor, der Wärmequellen-Ausgang-Sensor und der Wärmeabnehmer-Wärmebedarf-Sensor jeweils ausgelegt sind, Messwerte des Betriebszustands zu ermitteln und zugeordnete jeweilige Messsignale als Eingangssignale für die Regelungseinheit bereitzustellen.

When regulating the feed-in of thermal energy through the heat source and/or via the energy storage heat exchanger, the control unit controls and/or regulates in particular the volume flow of the heat transport medium within the branched hydraulic system of the thermal coupling module via the regulation of the volume flows through the heat consumer isolation valve Energy storage isolation valve, the heat collector bypass valve and the energy storage bypass valve and thus also the distribution of the amounts of energy fed in. The respective valves can be designed to be controlled by control signals without feedback by evaluating sensor signals by the control unit or to be controlled by control signals based on an evaluation of sensor signals by the control unit. The control and/or regulation of the valves is carried out by partially or completely opening and/or closing the respective valves based on the control and/or regulation signals.
According to the invention, the thermal coupling module additionally includes:

• a feed-in excess information provider, which is designed to determine an availability and preferably an amount of an excess power that can be fed in and to output it to the control unit as excess power availability information and excess power amount information, wherein the excess power that can be fed in can be supplied to the heat source for heating the heat transport medium, wherein the Excess power information provider is designed to output the excess power availability information and the excess power amount information to the control unit if
  • - the surplus power that can be fed in is surplus power from renewable energies; and or
  • - the surplus power that can be fed in is a thermal surplus power that can be taken from an external heat source; and or
  • - the surplus power that can be fed in is excess electrical power that can be taken from an external power grid to reduce grid overload; and or
  • - the excess power that can be fed in is excess electrical power that can be taken from a power grid at an electricity extraction price per unit of time that is below a threshold extraction price per unit of time; and or
• an energy storage sensor for determining an operating state of the electrical energy storage, in particular a temperature of a heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage; and or
• a heat collector sensor for determining a temperature T _WA of a heat medium of the heat collector; and or
• a heat consumer heat exchanger input sensor for determining an operating state of the heat transport medium at the heat consumer heat exchanger input, the operating state of the heat transport medium including a temperature T _WA-ON of the heat transport medium at the heat consumer heat exchanger input; and or
• a heat consumer heat exchanger output sensor for determining an operating state of the heat transport medium at the heat consumer heat exchanger output, the operating state of the heat transport medium including a temperature T _WA-OFF of the heat transport medium at the heat consumer heat exchanger output; and or
• an energy storage heat exchanger input sensor for determining an operating state of the heat transport medium at the energy storage heat exchanger input, the operating state of the heat transport medium including a temperature T _ES-ON of the heat transport medium at the energy storage heat exchanger input; and or
• an energy storage heat exchanger output sensor for determining an operating state of the heat transport medium at the energy storage heat exchanger output, the operating state of the heat transport medium being a temperature T _ES-OFF of the heat transport medium at the energy storage cher heat exchanger output includes; and or
• a heat source input sensor for determining an operating state of the heat transport medium at a first sensor position in the first fluid line, the operating state of the heat transport medium including a temperature T _WQ-ON of the heat transport medium at the first sensor position, the first sensor position upstream of the heat source and downstream of a first fluid line connection point is a connection of the first fluid line to the fourth fluid line; and or
• a heat source output sensor for determining an operating state of the heat transport medium at a second sensor position in the first fluid line, the operating state of the heat transport medium including a temperature T _WQ-OFF of the heat transport medium at the second sensor position, the second sensor position downstream of the heat source and upstream of one second fluid line connection point is a connection of the first fluid line to the third fluid line; and or
• a heat consumer heat demand sensor for determining an amount of heat demand of the heat consumer, the heat demand being a heat transfer power withdrawn from the heat transport medium by the heat consumer via the heat consumer heat exchanger;
• wherein the energy storage sensor, the heat collector sensor, the heat collector heat exchanger input sensor, the heat collector heat exchanger output sensor, the energy storage heat exchanger input sensor, the energy storage heat exchanger output sensor, the heat source sensor Input sensor, the heat source output sensor and the heat consumer heat demand sensor are each designed to determine measured values of the operating state and to provide associated respective measurement signals as input signals for the control unit.

The feed-in excess information provider can determine the availability of excess power from external energy sources from external information sources, which, when using this external excess power on the thermal coupling module, brings about an ecological and/or economic advantage for the operator of the thermal coupling module. The use of external excess power from a power grid on the thermal coupling module can also serve to secure the power grid if electrical energy is specifically withdrawn when the power grid is overloaded, thereby achieving economic benefits. In particular, production facilities for electrical and/or thermal energy from renewable energies can serve as external energy sources. Usable external excess power can also come from the use of waste heat from combined heat and power, in particular from industrial plants, district heating, thermal energy from solar thermal energy or other external heat sources.

In addition, it can make economic sense for the operator of the thermal coupling module to obtain particularly inexpensive electrical power from the power grid if the electricity extraction price per unit of time falls below a threshold extraction price per unit of time. The threshold withdrawal price per unit of time can be a predetermined threshold value or a dynamically determined threshold value.

A higher-level energy management system and/or sensors for measuring an operating state on the external energy sources can be configured as an external source of information for the feed-in surplus information provider. The feed-in surplus information provider can also obtain availability information from a higher-level data network such as the Internet and evaluate this information.

In the simplest case, the feed-in excess information provider determines from the received information and/or sensor data whether feed-in excess power is available to the heat source of the thermal coupling module. The feed-in excess information provider generates a binary output signal as excess power availability information, which is configured as an input signal for the control unit. Preferably, the excess feed-in information provider also determines an amount of excess power that can be fed in and additionally generates an output signal with excess power amount information, which is configured as an input signal for the control unit. Based on the excess power availability information and preferably also based on the excess power amount information, the control unit controls and/or regulates an inflow of electrical and/or thermal excess power from at least one of the external energy sources to the heat source and controls and/or regulates the flow at the heat source Transfer of excess power to the heat transport medium to heat it.

When determining the operating state of the electrical energy storage and/or the heat consumer, in addition to a temperature measurement of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage and/or the heat medium of the heat consumer, additional control-relevant physical variables can also be measured on the electrical energy storage by the energy storage sensor and/or on the heat consumer by the heat consumer sensor is determined and passed on to the control unit.

The heat consumer heat demand sensor is designed to determine an amount of heat demand at the heat consumer. Here, the heat consumer heat requirement sensor can first receive a target temperature from an external information provider to which the heat medium of the heat consumer is to be maintained or heated. Based on the target temperature, the actual temperature of the heat consumer sensor and the design of the heat medium, such as its volume or volume flow, weight and/or specific heat capacity, the heat consumer heat requirement sensor can then determine and report the amount of heat required by the heat consumer forward the control unit.

The control unit is designed to determine, based on the output signals of the feed-in excess information transmitter, energy storage sensor, heat consumer sensor and/or heat consumer heat demand sensor, whether and in what quantity heat energy is fed from the heat source into the heat transport medium. The controlled and/or regulated feed-in of the respective amounts of thermal energy is carried out by control and/or regulation signals generated by the control unit for activating or deactivating the heat source and/or for partially and/or completely opening and/or closing the heat collector isolation valve, the energy storage valve. Isolation valve, the heat collector bypass valve and the energy storage bypass valve. The control unit can also generate control and/or regulation signals for a heat transport medium pump in order to control and/or regulate the volume flow through the pump.

The heat collector heat exchanger input sensor, the heat collector heat exchanger output sensor, the energy storage heat exchanger input sensor, the energy storage heat exchanger output sensor, the heat source input sensor and the heat source output sensor are designed to determine the operating state and in particular the temperature of the heat transport medium at the inputs and outputs of the energy storage heat exchanger, the heat collector heat exchanger and the heat source. The measurement of the operating state of the heat transport medium is preferably carried out directly at the respective inlet or outlet of the respective heat exchanger or heat source, or in its immediate surroundings in the upstream or downstream fluid lines. The measurement of the operating state of the heat transport medium can also be between the second fluid line connection point of the connection of the first fluid line with the third fluid line and the heat collector heat exchanger input for the heat collector heat exchanger input sensor, and for the heat collector heat exchanger output sensor between the Heat collector heat exchanger output and a fluid line connection point of the connection of the second fluid line to the third fluid line, for the energy storage heat exchanger input sensor between a fluid line connection point of the connection of the second fluid line to the fourth fluid line and the energy storage heat exchanger input, for the energy storage -Heat exchanger output sensor between the energy storage heat exchanger output and the first fluid line connection point of the connection of the first fluid line to the fourth fluid line, for the heat source input sensor between the first fluid line connection point and the heat source and for the heat source output sensor between Heat source and second fluid line connection point.

In order to receive feedback to the control unit about the current distribution of heat in the branched hydraulic system of the thermal coupling module after the initial injection of heat into the heat transport medium, the heat consumer heat exchanger input sensor, the heat consumer heat exchanger output sensor, the energy storage heat exchanger input sensor, the energy storage heat exchanger output sensor, the heat source input sensor and / or the heat source output sensor determine the current operating state of the heat transport medium at the respective positions of the sensors. To determine the operating state of the heat transport medium at the respective sensors, for example, volume flow, pressure, electrical conductivity and/or pH value can also be measured. Based on the feedback from the sensors, the control unit then continuously regulates the feed-in of heat in order to adapt the feed-in as close as possible to a desired feed-in curve. In particular, the control unit can use the operating state of the heat transport medium to determine at the sensors whether the electrical energy storage, the heat collector, the branched hydraulic system of the thermal Coupling module and / or the heat transport medium is overloaded by the heat supply from the heat source. If an overload is detected, the control is designed to immediately switch off the heat supply via the heat source. To control the operating state of the entire thermal coupling module, the temperature of the heat transport medium at the heat source output sensor is preferably monitored by the control unit, the heat supply is throttled when a preset permissible maximum temperature is reached and the heat supply via the heat source is switched off when the preset permissible maximum temperature is exceeded. In addition, if the permissible maximum temperature in the heat transport medium is exceeded, the control unit can separate the electrical energy storage and/or the heat collector from the further inflow of the heat transport medium through the respective isolation valves and the flow of the heat transport medium can be controlled by opening the bypass valves, preferably via the third and/or fourth fluid line be redirected.

In a further preferred embodiment of the thermal coupling module, the control unit is configured to regulate the thermal coupling module in at least four operating modes;
wherein in a first operating mode, the heat collector isolation valve and the energy storage isolation valve are at least partially open, and the heat collector bypass valve and the energy storage bypass valve are closed in order to transfer thermal energy from the electrical energy storage and / or the heat source to the heat collector transferred to;
wherein in a second operating mode, the heat collector isolation valve and the energy storage isolation valve are at least partially open, and the energy storage bypass valve is closed, and the heat collector bypass valve is either closed or at least partially opened to receive thermal energy from the heat source to the heat consumer and to the electrical energy storage;
wherein in a third operating mode, the energy storage isolation valve and the heat collector bypass valve are at least partially open, and the heat collector isolation valve and the energy storage bypass valve are closed in order to transfer thermal energy from the heat source to the electrical energy storage; and
wherein in a fourth operating mode, the heat collector isolation valve and the energy storage bypass valve are at least partially open, and the energy storage isolation valve and the heat collector bypass valve are closed in order to transfer thermal energy from the heat source to the heat collector.

The thermal coupling module is operated by the control unit in at least four operating modes based on the hydraulic connections of the heat exchangers, fluid connections, valves and the optionally used sensors and pumps. Here, the control unit is preferably designed to control and/or regulate the thermal coupling module within the respective active operating mode and without an operating mode transition, as long as predefined boundary conditions of the operating mode are maintained. This is done by generating appropriate control signals by the control unit to determine the amount of thermal energy fed in by the heat source and the opening states of the heat consumer isolation valve, the energy storage isolation valve, the heat consumer bypass valve and the energy storage bypass valve for controlling the volume flow to control and/or regulate the heat transport medium. In this way, a stable thermal energy flow can be achieved within the thermal coupling mode for each operating mode.

In the first operating mode, the control unit controls the thermal coupling module in such a way that the heat collector isolation valve and the energy storage isolation valve are at least partially open, and the heat collector bypass valve and the energy storage bypass valve are closed. In this way, a heat circuit is created in the branched hydraulic system and heat is taken from the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage via the energy storage heat exchanger and transferred to the heat medium of the heat consumer at the heat collector heat exchanger. In addition, heat energy can be added to the heat transport medium via the heat source. The heat transport medium cools down in the circuit at the heat consumer heat exchanger and is warmed up again in the energy storage heat exchanger. Briefly described, the first operating mode causes cooling and/or thermal discharging of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage and heating and/or thermal charging of the heat medium of the heat consumer.

In a modified first operating mode, which can also be designed as an additional operating mode, the control unit regulates the thermal coupling module in such a way that, alternatively, the energy storage bypass valve is not completely closed, but is at least partially opened. This relieves the load on the electrical energy storage due to the lower volume flow and thus also a lower pressure in the energy storage heat exchanger and is particularly suitable for a low requirement for additional thermal energy at the heat consumer.

Operation in the first operating mode is possible as long as the temperature of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage is (preferably slightly) above the temperature of the heat transport medium returned by the heat collector heat exchanger. Alternatively or additionally, the electrical operation of the electrical energy storage can generate waste heat and thus extend the process of thermal discharge of the electrical energy storage. This process is called heat recuperation. In addition, in the first operating mode it is possible to introduce additional thermal energy via the heat source at the same time as the thermal discharge on the electrical energy storage device. This can be done in order to compensate for a power difference between demand at the heat consumer and the current, lower available excess power, so that the heat medium of the heat consumer is completely warmed. In the first operating mode, the heat requirement of a heat consumer can preferably be covered by the excess power available and the power difference can be covered by the heat energy stored in the electrical energy storage. This causes the electrical energy storage to be thermally discharged.

In the second operating mode, the control unit controls the thermal coupling module in such a way that the heat collector isolation valve and the energy storage isolation valve are at least partially open, and the energy storage bypass valve is closed, and the heat collector bypass valve is either closed or at least partially opened is. In this way, when there is an increased excess of heat energy at the heat source, not only can the required heat output at the heat consumer be covered, but at the same time the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage can be thermally charged. In comparison to the first operating mode, the second operating mode allows a targeted regulation of the temperature of the heat medium of the heat collector to a predefined maximum permitted temperature, which is usually already at 60 ° C and/or maintaining this temperature. In addition, excess power at the heat source available over a longer period of time, which exceeds the heat output required by the heat consumer, can be used to thermally charge the electrical energy storage.

By regulating the thermal coupling module in the second operating mode, the heat transport medium, which has been cooled down to 10 ° C after the heat consumer heat exchanger, for example, meets at the heat consumer heat exchanger outlet the heat transport medium flowing through the heat consumer bypass valve and heated by the heat source, which, for example, 60 °C can be hot. Here, for example, with a greatly simplified calculation and a 50:50 division of the heat transport medium at the heat collector isolation valve and at the heat collector bypass valve, a heat transport medium with a temperature of approximately 35 ° C can be achieved at the energy storage heat exchanger inlet, which is used for thermal charging the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage is used. If in this example the feed power of the heat source is to be increased and 60 °C is the permitted maximum temperature of the heat consumer, this can be done via an increased volume flow through the heat consumer bypass. A control unit regulates the associated flow ratio of the heat consumer bypass and the heat consumer heat exchanger to match the heat input at the heat source, so that the heat demand at the heat consumer is neither exceeded nor fallen short of. The controllable and/or adjustable heat collector bypass valve and the heat collector isolation valve could also be operated in a ratio of 0:100. In this case, from a hydraulic point of view, the second operating mode transitions into the first operating mode. The difference is then that the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage is thermally charged instead of a thermal discharge in the first operating mode.

In the third operating mode, the control unit controls the thermal coupling module in such a way that the energy storage isolation valve and the heat collector bypass valve are at least partially open, and the heat collector isolation valve and the energy storage bypass valve are closed. In this way, the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage is thermally charged, while no heat is transferred to the heat medium of the heat consumer, since the heat consumer heat exchanger is bridged by the heat consumer bypass valve. This means that there are no unnecessary pressure losses on the heat consumer heat exchanger and the risk of unwanted latent heating of the heat consumer's heat medium is minimized. The third operating mode is therefore used when there is no heat requirement at the heat consumer and the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage is not fully thermally charged.

In the fourth operating mode, the control unit regulates the thermal coupling module in such a way that the heat collector isolation valve and the energy storage bypass valve are at least partially open and the energy storage isolation valve and the heat collector bypass valve are closed. In this way, the energy storage heat exchanger can be bypassed by the energy storage bypass valve. The control in the fourth operating mode is used in particular when the heat storage medium is already fully thermally charged and there is a high availability of additional heat energy from the heat source or when carrying out maintenance work on the electrical energy storage device.

In the fourth operating mode, despite the electrical energy storage being fully charged or maintenance work being carried out, the thermal coupling module can use excess energy at the heat source in order to warm up the heat medium of the heat consumer.

The four operating modes described here are not to be understood as a final list of the controllable and/or regulatable operating modes of the thermal coupling module, but rather only represent the operating modes in which the thermal coupling module can mainly be operated by the control unit. Additional operating modes for starting up and shutting down, for the maintenance of individual components within the coupling module, for specific troubleshooting and for certain optimizations of individual operating modes are possible.

• - der Wärmeabnehmer-Wärmebedarf-Sensor anzeigt, dass der Wärmeabnehmer einen Wärmebedarf größer null aufweist;
• - eine erste Temperaturdifferenz ΔT₁ zwischen der Temperatur T_ES des Wärmespeichermediums des elektrischen Energiespeichers und der Temperatur T_ES-EIN des Wärmetransportmediums an dem Energiespeicher-Wärmetauscher-Eingang einen ersten Schwellwert T_SW1 überschreitet, wobei der erste Schwellwert größer oder gleich null ist; und vorzugsweise
• - der Einspeiseüberschuss-Informationsgeber anzeigt, dass einspeisbare Überschussleistung verfügbar ist, die der Wärmequelle zuführbar ist;

wobei in dem zweiten Betriebsmodus

• - der Wärmeabnehmer-Wärmebedarf-Sensor anzeigt, dass der Wärmeabnehmer einen Wärmebedarf größer null aufweist;
• - eine zweite Temperaturdifferenz ΔT₂ zwischen der Temperatur T_ES-EIN des Wärmetransportmediums an dem Energiespeicher-Wärmetauscher-Eingang und der Temperatur T_ES des Wärmespeichermediums des elektrischen Energiespeichers einen zweiten Schwellwert T_SW2 größer null überschreitet; und vorzugsweise
• - der Einspeiseüberschuss-Informationsgeber anzeigt, dass einspeisbare Überschussleistung verfügbar ist, die der Wärmequelle zuführbar ist;

wobei in dem dritten Betriebsmodus

• - der Wärmeabnehmer-Wärmebedarf-Sensor anzeigt, dass der Wärmeabnehmer keinen Wärmebedarf aufweist;
• - die zweite Temperaturdifferenz ΔT₂ den zweiten Schwellwert T_SW2 größer null überschreitet; und
• - der Einspeiseüberschuss-Informationsgeber anzeigt, dass einspeisbare Überschussleistung verfügbar ist, die der Wärmequelle zuführbar ist;

wobei in dem vierten Betriebsmodus

• - der Wärmeabnehmer-Wärmebedarf-Sensor anzeigt, dass der Wärmeabnehmer einen Wärmebedarf größer null aufweist; und vorzugsweise
• - der Einspeiseüberschuss-Informationsgeber anzeigt, dass einspeisbare Überschussleistung verfügbar ist, die der Wärmequelle zuführbar ist.

In a further preferred embodiment of the thermal coupling module, the control unit is further configured to regulate the thermal coupling module in the at least four operating modes; wherein in the first operating mode

• - the heat consumer heat demand sensor indicates that the heat consumer has a heat demand greater than zero;
• - a first temperature difference ΔT ₁ between the temperature T _ES of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage and the temperature T _ES-EIN of the heat transport medium at the energy storage heat exchanger input exceeds a first threshold value T _SW1 , the first threshold value being greater than or equal to zero; and preferably
• - the feed-in excess information provider indicates that feed-in excess power is available that can be supplied to the heat source;

wherein in the second operating mode

• - the heat consumer heat demand sensor indicates that the heat consumer has a heat demand greater than zero;
• - a second temperature difference ΔT ₂ between the temperature T _ES-EIN of the heat transport medium at the energy storage heat exchanger input and the temperature T _ES of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage exceeds a second threshold value T _SW2 greater than zero; and preferably
• - the feed-in excess information provider indicates that feed-in excess power is available that can be supplied to the heat source;

wherein in the third operating mode

• - the heat consumer heat demand sensor indicates that the heat consumer has no heat demand;
• - the second temperature difference ΔT ₂ exceeds the second threshold T _SW2 greater than zero; and
• - the feed-in excess information provider indicates that feed-in excess power is available that can be supplied to the heat source;

wherein in the fourth operating mode

• - the heat consumer heat demand sensor indicates that the heat consumer has a heat demand greater than zero; and preferably
• - the feed-in surplus information provider indicates that feed-in surplus power is available that can be supplied to the heat source.

For stable operation of the thermal coupling module in one of the at least four operating modes, the control unit regulates in particular the feed of thermal energy through the heat source and the volume flow of the heat transport medium through the heat collector isolation valve, the energy storage isolation valve, the heat collector bypass valve and the energy storage bypass -Valve so that a temperature difference between the heat storage medium and the heat transport medium at the inlet of the energy storage heat exchanger is maintained in a predetermined temperature detector and / or a desired temperature of the heat medium of the heat consumer is achieved or maintained. The preferably automatic generation of the control and/or regulation signals required for this by the control unit for the heat source and the valves is based on the timely evaluation of the sensor signals of the feed surplus information transmitter, energy storage sensor, heat collector sensor, heat collector heat exchanger input sensor , heat collector heat exchanger output sensor, energy storage heat exchanger input sensor, energy storage heat exchanger output sensor, heat source input sensor, the heat source output sensor and/or heat measurement consumer heat demand sensor to readjust and/or control the heat source, the heat transport medium pump and/or the valves if necessary. In particular, the respective temperatures at the respective sensors are evaluated for this purpose.

• - vom zweiten, dritten oder vierten Betriebsmodus in den ersten Betriebsmodus zu wechseln, wenn
  • ◯ oder Einspeiseüberschuss-Informationsgeber anzeigt, dass eine einspeisbare Überschussleistung verfügbar ist, die der Wärmequelle zuführbar ist;
  • ◯ oder Wärmeabnehmer-Wärmebedarf-Sensor anzeigt, dass der Wärmeabnehmer einen Wärmebedarf größer null aufweist;
  • ◯ oder Wärmebedarf des Wärmeabnehmers größer oder gleich als der Betrag der einspeisbaren Überschussleistung ist, die von dem Einspeiseüberschuss-Informationsgeber ermittelt wird; und
  • ◯ eine dritte Temperaturdifferenz ΔT₃ zwischen der Temperatur T_ES des Wärmespeichermediums des elektrischen Energiespeichers und der Temperatur T_WA des Wärmemediums des Wärmeabnehmers einen dritten Schwellwert T_SW3 überschreitet; und
  • ◯ die Temperatur T_ES des Wärmespeichermediums des elektrischen Energiespeichers größer einer minimalen Temperatur T_{ES_min} des Wärmespeichermediums des elektrischen Energiespeichers ist;
  und/oder
  • - vom ersten, dritten oder vierten Betriebsmodus in den zweiten Betriebsmodus zu wechseln, wenn in einer ersten Alternative
    • ◯ oder Einspeiseüberschuss-Informationsgeber anzeigt, dass eine einspeisbare Überschussleistung verfügbar ist, die der Wärmequelle zuführbar ist;
    • ◯ oder Wärmeabnehmer-Wärmebedarf-Sensor anzeigt, dass der Wärmeabnehmer einen Wärmebedarf größer null aufweist;
    • ◯ oder Wärmebedarf des Wärmeabnehmers kleiner als der Betrag der einspeisbaren Überschussleistung ist, die von dem Einspeiseüberschuss-Informationsgeber ermittelt wird;
    • ◯ die Temperatur T_ES des Wärmespeichermediums des elektrischen Energiespeichers kleiner einer maximalen Temperatur T_{ES_max} des Wärmespeichermediums des elektrischen Energiespeichers ist; und
    • ◯ die zweite Temperaturdifferenz ΔT₂ den zweiten Schwellwert T_SW2 größer null überschreitet;
    und/oder
  • - vom ersten, dritten oder vierten Betriebsmodus in den zweiten Betriebsmodus zu wechseln, wenn in einer zweiten Alternative
    • ◯ die Temperatur T_ES des Wärmespeichermediums des elektrischen Energiespeichers kleiner der minimalen Temperatur T_{ES_min} des Wärmespeichermediums des elektrischen Energiespeichers ist;
    • ◯ oder Wärmeabnehmer-Wärmebedarf-Sensor anzeigt, dass der Wärmeabnehmer einen Wärmebedarf größer null aufweist; und
    • ◯ die zweite Temperaturdifferenz ΔT₂ den zweiten Schwellwert T_SW2 größer null überschreitet;
    und/oder
  • - vom ersten, zweiten oder vierten Betriebsmodus in den dritten Betriebsmodus zu wechseln, wenn in einer ersten Alternative
    • oder Einspeiseüberschuss-Informationsgeber anzeigt, dass eine einspeisbare Überschussleistung verfügbar ist, die der Wärmequelle zuführbar ist;
    • ◯ oder Wärmeabnehmer-Wärmebedarf-Sensor anzeigt, dass der Wärmeabnehmer keinen Wärmebedarf aufweist; und
    • ◯ die Temperatur T_ES des Wärmespeichermediums des elektrischen Energiespeichers kleiner als eine maximale Temperatur T_{ES_max} des Wärmespeichermediums des elektrischen Energiespeichers ist;
    und/oder
  • - vom ersten, zweiten oder vierten Betriebsmodus in den dritten Betriebsmodus zu wechseln, wenn in einer zweiten Alternative
    • ◯ die Temperatur T_ES des Wärmespeichermediums des elektrischen Energiespeichers kleiner der minimalen Temperatur T_{ES_min} des Wärmespeichermediums des elektrischen Energiespeichers ist; und
    • ◯ oder Wärmeabnehmer-Wärmebedarf-Sensor anzeigt, dass der Wärmeabnehmer keinen Wärmebedarf aufweist;
    und/oder
  • - vom ersten, zweiten oder dritten Betriebsmodus in den vierten Betriebsmodus zu wechseln, wenn gemäß einem ersten Bedingungssatz
    • ◯ oder Einspeiseüberschuss-Informationsgeber anzeigt, dass eine einspeisbare Überschussleistung verfügbar ist, die der Wärmequelle zuführbar ist;
    • ◯ oder Wärmeabnehmer-Wärmebedarf-Sensor anzeigt, dass der Wärmeabnehmer einen Wärmebedarf größer null aufweist;
    • ◯ oder Wärmebedarf des Wärmeabnehmers größer als der Betrag der einspeisbaren Überschussleistung ist, die von dem Einspeiseüberschuss-Informationsgeber ermittelt wird; und
    • ◯ die Temperatur T_ES des Wärmespeichermediums des elektrischen Energiespeichers größer oder gleich der minimalen Temperatur T_{ES_min} des Wärmespeichermediums des elektrischen Energiespeichers ist;
    und/oder
  • - vom ersten, zweiten oder dritten Betriebsmodus in den vierten Betriebsmodus zu wechseln, wenn gemäß einem zweiten Bedingungssatz
    • ◯ oder Einspeiseüberschuss-Informationsgeber anzeigt, dass eine einspeisbare Überschussleistung verfügbar ist, die der Wärmequelle zuführbar ist;
    • ◯ oder Wärmeabnehmer-Wärmebedarf-Sensor anzeigt, dass der Wärmeabnehmer einen Wärmebedarf größer null aufweist;
    • ◯ oder Wärmebedarf des Wärmeabnehmers kleiner als der Betrag der einspeisbaren Überschussleistung ist, die von dem Einspeiseüberschuss-Informationsgeber ermittelt wird; und
    • ◯ die Summe aus der in dem Prognosezeitraum einspeisbaren Prognose-Überschussenergie und einer nutzbaren Wärmeenergie des elektrischen Energiespeichers größer als die Prognose-Wärmebedarfsenergie in dem Prognosezeitraum ist, wobei die nutzbare Wärmeenergie des elektrischen Energiespeichers eine Wärmeenergie des Wärmespeichermediums des elektrischen Energiespeichers ist, die der Temperaturdifferenz zwischen der Temperatur T_ES des Wärmespeichermediums des elektrischen Energiespeichers und der Temperatur T_WA des Wärmemediums des Wärmeabnehmers zugeordnet ist;
    und/oder
  • - vom ersten, zweiten oder dritten Betriebsmodus in den vierten Betriebsmodus zu wechseln, wenn gemäß einem dritten Bedingungssatz
    • ◯ oder Einspeiseüberschuss-Informationsgeber anzeigt, dass eine einspeisbare Überschussleistung verfügbar ist, die der Wärmequelle zuführbar ist;
    • ◯ oder Wärmeabnehmer-Wärmebedarf-Sensor anzeigt, dass der Wärmeabnehmer einen Wärmebedarf größer null aufweist;
    • ◯ oder Wärmebedarf des Wärmeabnehmers kleiner als der Betrag der einspeisbaren Überschussleistung ist, die von dem Einspeiseüberschuss-Informationsgeber ermittelt wird;
    • ◯ die Temperatur T_ES des Wärmespeichermediums des elektrischen Energiespeichers größer oder gleich als die maximale Temperatur T_{ES_max} des Wärmespeichermediums des elektrischen Energiespeichers ist.

In a further preferred embodiment of the thermal coupling module, the control unit comprises an operating mode transition control unit and the operating mode transition control unit is designed to switch between the at least four operating modes of the thermal coupling module; and
wherein, optionally, the feed-in excess information provider is additionally designed to determine an availability and preferably an amount of a feed-in forecast excess energy from a feed-in forecast excess power in a future forecast period and to the control unit as forecast excess energy availability information and forecast -to output excess energy amount information, wherein the feedable forecast excess energy can be supplied to the heat source in the forecast period for heating the heat transport medium; and
wherein, optionally, the thermal coupling module additionally comprises a heat demand energy forecast module, which is designed to determine a forecast heat demand energy from a forecast heat demand in the future forecast period;
wherein the operating mode transition control unit is designed,

• - to switch from the second, third or fourth operating mode to the first operating mode, if
  • ◯ or feed-in excess information provider indicates that feed-in excess power is available that can be supplied to the heat source;
  • ◯ or heat consumer heat demand sensor indicates that the heat consumer has a heat demand greater than zero;
  • ◯ or the heat demand of the heat consumer is greater than or equal to the amount of surplus power that can be fed in, which is determined by the feed-in surplus information provider; and
  • ◯ a third temperature difference ΔT ₃ between the temperature T _ES of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage and the temperature T _WA of the heat medium of the heat consumer exceeds a third threshold value T _SW3 ; and
  • ◯ the temperature T _ES of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage is greater than a minimum temperature T _{ES_min} of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage;
  and or
  • - to switch from the first, third or fourth operating mode to the second operating mode if in a first alternative
    • ◯ or feed-in excess information provider indicates that feed-in excess power is available that can be supplied to the heat source;
    • ◯ or heat consumer heat demand sensor indicates that the heat consumer has a heat demand greater than zero;
    • ◯ or the heat demand of the heat consumer is less than the amount of surplus power that can be fed in, which is determined by the feed-in surplus information provider;
    • ◯ the temperature T _ES of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage is less than a maximum temperature T _{ES_max} of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage; and
    • ◯ the second temperature difference ΔT ₂ exceeds the second threshold T _SW2 greater than zero;
    and or
  • - to switch from the first, third or fourth operating mode to the second operating mode if in a second alternative
    • ◯ the temperature T _ES of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage is less than the minimum temperature T _{ES_min} of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage;
    • ◯ or heat consumer heat demand sensor indicates that the heat consumer has a heat demand greater than zero; and
    • ◯ the second temperature difference ΔT ₂ exceeds the second threshold T _SW2 greater than zero;
    and or
  • - to switch from the first, second or fourth operating mode to the third operating mode if in a first alternative
    • or feed-in excess information provider indicates that feed-in excess power is available that can be supplied to the heat source;
    • ◯ or heat consumer heat demand sensor indicates that the heat consumer has no heat demand; and
    • ◯ the temperature T _ES of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage is smaller than a maximum temperature T _{ES_max} of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage;
    and or
  • - to switch from the first, second or fourth operating mode to the third operating mode if in a second alternative
    • ◯ the temperature T _ES of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage is less than the minimum temperature T _{ES_min} of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage; and
    • ◯ or heat consumer heat demand sensor indicates that the heat consumer has no heat demand;
    and or
  • - to switch from the first, second or third operating mode to the fourth operating mode if according to a first set of conditions
    • ◯ or feed-in excess information provider indicates that feed-in excess power is available that can be supplied to the heat source;
    • ◯ or heat consumer heat demand sensor indicates that the heat consumer has a heat demand greater than zero;
    • ◯ or the heat demand of the heat consumer is greater than the amount of surplus power that can be fed in, which is determined by the feed-in surplus information provider; and
    • ◯ the temperature T _ES of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage is greater than or equal to the minimum temperature T _{ES_min} of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage;
    and or
  • - to switch from the first, second or third operating mode to the fourth operating mode if according to a second set of conditions
    • ◯ or feed-in excess information provider indicates that feed-in excess power is available that can be supplied to the heat source;
    • ◯ or heat consumer heat demand sensor indicates that the heat consumer has a heat demand greater than zero;
    • ◯ or the heat demand of the heat consumer is less than the amount of surplus power that can be fed in, which is determined by the feed-in surplus information provider; and
    • ◯ the sum of the forecast excess energy that can be fed in in the forecast period and a usable thermal energy of the electrical energy storage is greater than the forecast heat requirement energy in the forecast period, whereby the usable thermal energy of the electrical energy storage is a thermal energy of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage that corresponds to the temperature difference between the temperature T _ES of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage and the temperature T _WA of the heat medium of the heat consumer is assigned;
    and or
  • - to switch from the first, second or third operating mode to the fourth operating mode if according to a third set of conditions
    • ◯ or feed-in excess information provider indicates that feed-in excess power is available that can be supplied to the heat source;
    • ◯ or heat consumer heat demand sensor indicates that the heat consumer has a heat demand greater than zero;
    • ◯ or the heat demand of the heat consumer is less than the amount of surplus power that can be fed in, which is determined by the feed-in surplus information provider;
    • ◯ the temperature T _ES of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage is greater than or equal to the maximum temperature T _{ES_max} of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage.

If predefined operating states in the electrical energy storage and/or in the heat consumer are exceeded and/or if there is a change in the availability for feeding thermal energy to the heat source, the operating mode transition control unit is designed as part of the control unit in order to preferably automatically generate control and/or regulation signals which enable a transition between the at least four operating modes. These control or regulation signals are again based on the timely evaluation of the sensor signals of the feed-in excess information transmitter, energy storage sensor, heat consumer sensor, heat consumer heat exchanger input sensor, heat consumer heat exchanger output sensor, energy storage heat exchanger input gang sensor, energy storage heat exchanger output sensor, heat source input sensor, the heat source output sensor and/or heat consumer heat demand sensor and in particular on their temperature measurements and the comparison to predefined temperature threshold values, if these are exceeded a change of the operating mode can be triggered. The control and/or regulation for transitions between the at least four operating modes is designed to protect the thermal coupling module, the electrical energy storage and the heat consumer from thermal overload and to operate the thermal coupling module in a surplus manner as efficiently as possible by using available excess power depending on the situation.

Preferably, a change is made to the first operating mode when there is a need for heat at the heat consumer, excess power that can be fed in is available and usable heat energy from the electrical energy storage is available. However, it can happen here that with the surplus-controlled control of the thermal coupling module, the heat requirement of the heat consumer is not fully covered if the heat requirement is greater than the sum of the usable heat energy of the electrical energy storage and the feed-in excess heat from the feed-in excess power.

The second operating mode is preferably switched to when the heat requirement at the heat consumer is smaller than the excess power that can be fed in and the electrical energy storage is not fully thermally charged. While in the second operating mode in a first alternative the heat requirement of the heat consumer can be completely covered by a surplus power that can be fed in, this does not have to be the case in a second alternative. This alternative is used to thermally recharge the electrical energy storage device where the temperature has fallen below the minimum permitted temperature.

The third operating mode is preferably switched to when there is no heat requirement at the heat consumer, excess power that can be fed in is available and the electrical energy storage is not fully thermally charged. While in the third operating mode, in a first alternative, the thermal charging of the electrical energy storage takes place entirely through feed-in excess power, this does not have to be the case in a second alternative. In the second alternative, this is also possible without a surplus. This alternative is used to thermally recharge the electrical energy storage device where the temperature has fallen below the minimum permitted temperature.

A change to the fourth operating mode preferably takes place under three sets of conditions. Under a first set of conditions, a switch is made to the fourth operating mode when there is a heat requirement at the heat consumer, excess power that can be fed in is available and there is no usable heat energy from the electrical energy storage device. In addition, the heat requirement of the heat consumer is greater than the amount of surplus power that can be fed in, which is determined by the feed-in surplus information provider; It can happen here that the heat demand of the heat consumer is not fully covered by the surplus control of the thermal coupling module. The heat requirement of the heat consumer is greater than the sum of the usable heat energy from the electrical energy storage and the excess heat that can be fed in from the excess power that can be fed in. Under a second set of conditions, the fourth operating mode is switched to if the heat requirement at the heat consumer is less than the excess power that can be fed in and the electrical energy storage is not fully thermally charged. Here, the electrical energy storage is not thermally charged if it can be seen from a future forecast for a forecast period that the heat requirement of the heat consumer can be covered from a forecast surplus energy that can be fed in and the usable thermal energy of the electrical energy storage. In this way, long residence times of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage at high temperatures can be avoided and the annual average temperature of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage can be reduced in order to prevent premature aging of the electrical energy storage. Under a third set of conditions, the fourth operating mode is switched to when the heat requirement at the heat consumer is smaller than the excess power that can be fed in and the electrical energy storage is fully thermally charged.

The operating mode transitions described here, like the operating modes themselves, are not to be understood as a final list of possible operating mode transitions, but rather only represent the operating mode transitions that mainly occur during normal operation of the thermal coupling module. Additional operating mode transitions when starting up and shutting down, for activating specific troubleshooting and for certain optimizations of individual operating mode transitions are possible.

• ◯ oder Einspeiseüberschuss-Informationsgeber anzeigt, dass keine einspeisbare Überschussleistung verfügbar ist; und
• ◯ oder Wärmeabnehmer-Wärmebedarf-Sensor anzeigt, dass der Wärmeabnehmer keinen Wärmebedarf aufweist;

und/oder
wobei die Betriebsmodi-Übergangs-Regelungseinheit ausgelegt ist, von dem ersten, zweiten, dritten oder vierten Betriebsmodus in den fünften Betriebsmodus zu wechseln, wenn, gemäß einem fünften Bedingungssatz,

• ◯ oder Einspeiseüberschuss-Informationsgeber anzeigt, dass eine einspeisbare Überschussleistung größer null verfügbar ist, die der Wärmequelle zuführbar ist;
• ◯ oder Wärmeabnehmer-Wärmebedarf-Sensor anzeigt, dass der Wärmeabnehmer keinen Wärmebedarf aufweist; und
• ◯ die Temperatur T_ES des Wärmespeichermediums des elektrischen Energiespeichers größer oder gleich der maximalen Temperatur T_{ES_max} des Wärmespeichermediums des elektrischen Energiespeichers ist;

und/oder
wobei die Betriebsmodi-Übergangs-Regelungseinheit ausgelegt ist, von dem ersten, zweiten, dritten oder vierten Betriebsmodus in den fünften Betriebsmodus zu wechseln, wenn, gemäß einem sechsten Bedingungssatz,

• ◯ oder Einspeiseüberschuss-Informationsgeber anzeigt, dass eine einspeisbare Überschussleistung größer null verfügbar ist, die der Wärmequelle zuführbar ist;
• ◯ oder Wärmeabnehmer-Wärmebedarf-Sensor anzeigt, dass der Wärmeabnehmer keinen Wärmebedarf aufweist;
• ◯ die Temperatur T_ES des Wärmespeichermediums des elektrischen Energiespeichers kleiner als die maximale Temperatur T_{ES_max} des Wärmespeichermediums des elektrischen Energiespeichers ist; und
• ◯ die Summe aus der in dem Prognosezeitraum einspeisbaren Prognose-Überschussenergie und einer nutzbaren Wärmeenergie des elektrischen Energiespeichers größer als die Prognose-Wärmebedarfsenergie in dem Prognosezeitraum ist;

und/oder
wobei die Betriebsmodi-Übergangs-Regelungseinheit ausgelegt ist, von dem ersten, zweiten, dritten oder vierten Betriebsmodus in den fünften Betriebsmodus zu wechseln, wenn, gemäß einem siebten Bedingungssatz,

• ◯ oder Einspeiseüberschuss-Informationsgeber anzeigt, dass keine einspeisbare Überschussleistung verfügbar ist;
• ◯ oder Wärmeabnehmer-Wärmebedarf-Sensor anzeigt, dass der Wärmeabnehmer einen Wärmebedarf größer null aufweist; und
• ◯ die Temperatur T_ES des Wärmespeichermediums des elektrischen Energiespeichers kleiner oder gleich der Temperatur T_WA des Wärmemediums des Wärmeabnehmers und/oder kleiner oder gleich der minimalen Temperatur T_{ES_min} des Wärmespeichermediums des elektrischen Energiespeichers ist;

und/oder
wobei die Betriebsmodi-Übergangs-Regelungseinheit ausgelegt ist, von dem ersten, zweiten, dritten oder vierten Betriebsmodus in den fünften Betriebsmodus zu wechseln, wenn die Regelungseinheit als Eingangssignal eine sicherheitsrelevante Fehlermeldung und/oder ein Wartungssignal für das thermische Koppelmodul erhält.In a further preferred embodiment of the thermal coupling module, the control unit is configured to additionally operate the thermal coupling module in a fifth operating mode regulate in which no heat energy is fed from the electrical energy storage or from the heat source into the heat transport medium and in which optionally all of the valves are closed; and
wherein the operating mode transition control unit is designed to change from the first, second, third or fourth operating mode to the fifth operating mode if, according to a fourth set of conditions,

• ◯ or feed-in surplus information provider indicates that no feed-in surplus power is available; and
• ◯ or heat consumer heat demand sensor indicates that the heat consumer has no heat demand;

and or
wherein the operating mode transition control unit is designed to change from the first, second, third or fourth operating mode to the fifth operating mode if, according to a fifth set of conditions,

• ◯ or feed-in surplus information provider indicates that feed-in excess power greater than zero is available and can be supplied to the heat source;
• ◯ or heat consumer heat demand sensor indicates that the heat consumer has no heat demand; and
• ◯ the temperature T _ES of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage is greater than or equal to the maximum temperature T _{ES_max} of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage;

and or
wherein the operating mode transition control unit is designed to change from the first, second, third or fourth operating mode to the fifth operating mode if, according to a sixth set of conditions,

• ◯ or feed-in surplus information provider indicates that feed-in excess power greater than zero is available and can be supplied to the heat source;
• ◯ or heat consumer heat demand sensor indicates that the heat consumer has no heat demand;
• ◯ the temperature T _ES of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage is smaller than the maximum temperature T _{ES_max} of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage; and
• ◯ the sum of the forecast excess energy that can be fed in in the forecast period and usable heat energy from the electrical energy storage is greater than the forecast heat requirement energy in the forecast period;

and or
wherein the operating mode transition control unit is designed to change from the first, second, third or fourth operating mode to the fifth operating mode if, according to a seventh set of conditions,

• ◯ or feed-in surplus information provider indicates that no feed-in surplus power is available;
• ◯ or heat consumer heat demand sensor indicates that the heat consumer has a heat demand greater than zero; and
• ◯ the temperature T _ES of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage is less than or equal to the temperature T _WA of the heat medium of the heat consumer and/or less than or equal to the minimum temperature T _{ES_min} of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage;

and or
wherein the operating mode transition control unit is designed to switch from the first, second, third or fourth operating mode to the fifth operating mode when the control unit receives a safety-relevant error message and / or a maintenance signal for the thermal coupling module as an input signal.

The control unit therefore prevents additional heat energy from being fed into the heat transport medium when the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage is maximally charged with heat energy and heat energy can no longer be delivered to the heat storage medium of the heat consumer. The control unit of the thermal coupling module with the fifth operating mode thus ensures that the electrical energy storage and the heat consumer do not overheat.

A change to the fifth operating mode preferably takes place under condition sets four to seven. Under a fourth set of conditions, the system switches to the fifth operating mode if there is no heat requirement at the heat consumer and no surplus power that can be fed in is available. Under a fifth set of conditions, a change is made to the fifth operating mode when there is no heat requirement at the heat consumer, excess power that can be fed in is available and the electrical energy storage is fully thermally charged. Under a sixth set of conditions, the fifth operating mode occurs changed when there is no heat requirement at the heat consumer, excess power that can be fed in is available and the electrical energy storage is not fully thermally charged. Here, in turn, the electrical energy storage is not thermally charged if it can be seen from a future forecast for a forecast period that the heat requirement of the heat consumer can be covered from a forecast surplus energy that can be fed in and the usable thermal energy of the electrical energy storage. In this way, long residence times of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage at high temperatures can be avoided and the annual average temperature of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage can be reduced in order to prevent premature aging of the electrical energy storage. Under a seventh set of conditions, a change is made to the fifth operating mode if there is a heat requirement at the heat consumer, no excess power that can be fed in is available and there is no usable heat energy from the electrical energy storage device. Here again it can happen that the heat demand of the heat consumer is not fully covered by the surplus control of the thermal coupling module.

In a further preferred embodiment of the thermal coupling module, the control unit is designed to feed additional heat energy from an additional electrical power from the power grid from the heat source into the heat transport medium if the heat requirement of the heat consumer is greater than the sum of the usable heat energy of the electrical energy storage and the amount the surplus energy that can be fed in from the surplus power that can be fed in; and
wherein the operating mode transition control unit can be designed to switch from the fifth operating mode to a fourth operating mode when the seventh set of conditions in the thermal coupling module is fulfilled.

In contrast to a purely surplus-controlled control of the thermal coupling module, with a heat demand-controlled control of the thermal coupling module, the heat requirement of the heat consumer can always be covered. In the event that the heat requirement is greater than the sum of the usable heat energy from the electrical energy storage and the excess heat that can be fed in from the excess power that can be fed in, this is ensured by additional heat energy from additional electrical power from the power grid. In this way, with heat demand-based control, the heat demand at the heat consumer can be fully covered even in the first operating mode and in the fourth operating mode under the first set of conditions. In addition, under the seventh set of conditions, it is not necessary to switch to the fifth operating mode, but rather a change to the fourth operating mode.

By ensuring that the heat demand at the heat consumer is always covered with a heat demand-controlled control of the thermal coupling module, an intermediate heat storage in the heat consumer, for example a hot water tank, can be dimensioned smaller or such an intermediate heat storage can be dispensed with entirely. This allows space and costs to be saved when designing a thermal coupling system.

• mindestens einen elektrischen Energiespeicher;
• mindestens einen Wärmeabnehmer; und
• ein thermisches Koppelungsmodul nach einem der vorherigen Aspekte und bevorzugten Ausführungsformen zur Wärmeübertragung zwischen dem elektrischen Energiespeicher und dem Wärmeabnehmer.

Another aspect of solving the problem relates to a thermal coupling system, comprising:

• at least one electrical energy storage;
• at least one heat consumer; and
• a thermal coupling module according to one of the previous aspects and preferred embodiments for heat transfer between the electrical energy storage and the heat consumer.

In addition to the coupling module from the previous aspect and the associated preferred embodiments as components of the coupling system, the thermal coupling system also includes at least one electrical energy storage and at least one heat collector. The control and/or regulation of the entire system, including the control and/or regulation of the electrical portion of the electrical energy storage and the heat collector, can be carried out by the control unit of the thermal coupling mode.

In a preferred embodiment of the thermal coupling system, the electrical energy storage is designed to store thermal energy from the heat source and/or thermal energy from the power loss of the electrical energy storage during electrical operation.

In this case, the control unit of the thermal coupling mode can additionally be designed to execute and regulate an electrically operated component in the environment of the thermal coupling system with the electrical energy of the electrical energy storage when there is low availability of electrical energy from renewable energies. In this way, a self-sufficient or partially self-sufficient energy system, for example in a building, can be operated even more efficiently by promptly retrieving electrical energy from the electrical energy storage whose heat loss is used directly in the thermal coupling system. With a partially self-sufficient energy system, you can also consider planning a smaller and therefore more cost-effective network connection for the building.

In a further preferred embodiment of the thermal coupling system, the electrical energy storage has a lithium-ion battery and the energy storage heat exchanger is configured as a temperature control system of the lithium-ion battery. The temperature control system can be designed in particular to heat and/or cool the lithium-ion battery.

Since when using a lithium-ion battery in a thermal coupling system, the electrical energy storage medium additionally used as a heat storage medium is often designed as a liquid electrolyte in a porous separator as a polymer electrolyte, the heat storage medium in the lithium-ion battery usually cannot be freely used for energy storage. Heat exchangers circulate. Therefore, the lithium-ion battery is not suitable for heat transfer on a heat exchanger that is based on transferring heat from one fluid medium to another fluid medium. Here, an energy storage heat exchanger can instead be designed as a temperature control system, which is embedded in the spaces between the lithium-ion batteries in a lithium-ion battery pack or module and can remove and/or supply thermal energy from the lithium-ion batteries.

In a further preferred embodiment of the thermal coupling system, the electrical energy storage has a flow battery, in particular a redox flow battery and preferably a vanadium redox flow battery.

In principle, all shapes and designs of flow batteries are particularly suitable for use as electrical energy storage in a thermal coupling system. Redox flow batteries and in particular vanadium redox flow batteries are preferred for use as self-sufficient electrical energy storage in buildings because of their flexible and safe handling. Flow batteries that have already been installed can also be subsequently combined and coupled with the thermal coupling module and, for example, an existing heat storage device in the building as a heat consumer. Flow batteries are also very suitable for use in new buildings thanks to their flexible design and dimensions.

A flow battery is an embodiment of an accumulator that stores electrical energy in chemical compounds, with reactants present in dissolved form in a solvent as electrolytes. The energy-storing electrolytes circulate in separate circuits, between which ion exchange takes place in a galvanic cell using a membrane. In the flow battery, the dissolved substances are chemically reduced and/or oxidized, releasing electrical energy. Compared to an accumulator without material circulation, there is a more complex design that, in addition to tanks for the electrolytes and pipes, also includes at least pumps for circulating the electrolytes and their regulation. For these reasons, flow batteries are more suitable for larger systems.

Flow batteries are regularly designed with two large tanks, whose liquid storage media for electrical energy are also suitable for use as a heat storage medium. The two tanks of the flow battery can be designed either as an entire heat storage unit or as two separate heat storage units for the thermal coupling system. For a thermal coupling system, one or more flow batteries and one or more lithium-ion batteries can also be combined as electrical energy storage devices and each be coupled to the thermal coupling module via a separate energy storage heat exchanger.

• ◯ ein Betrag einer Druckänderung im Wärmetransportmedium einen ersten Druckänderungsschwellwert überschreitet; und/oder
• ◯ ein Betrag einer pH-Wert-Änderung im Wärmetransportmedium einen pH-Änderungsschwellwert überschreitet; und/oder
• ◯ ein Betrag einer Leitfähigkeits-Änderung im Wärmetransportmedium einen Leitfähigkeits-Änderungsschwellwert überschreitet; und/oder
• ◯ ein Betrag einer Druckänderung im Wärmespeichermedium des elektrischen Energiespeichers einen zweiten Druckänderungsschwellwert überschreitet;

und/oder
wobei ein Thermoschalter im elektrischen Energiespeicher (200_1..n) ausgelegt ist, eine weitere Zufuhr von thermischer und elektrischer Energie zum thermischen Kopplungssystem (100) zu unterbinden, wenn die Temperatur T_ES des Wärmespeichermediums des elektrischen Energiespeichers größer oder gleich einer vorbestimmten Notaus-Temperatur T_{ES_Notaus} ist, wobei die Notaus-Temperatur T_{ES_Notaus} größer als die maximale Temperatur T_{ES_max} des Wärmespeichermediums des elektrischen Energiespeichers ist.In a further preferred embodiment of the thermal coupling system, the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage, the heat transport medium of the thermal coupling module and the heat medium of the heat consumer are each a liquid medium;
wherein the thermal coupling system is configured such that the pressure in the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage is less than the pressure in the heat transport medium and the pressure in the heat transport medium is less than the pressure in the heat medium of the heat collector;
wherein at least one sensor of the heat collector heat exchanger input sensor, heat collector heat exchanger output sensor, energy storage heat exchanger input sensor, energy storage heat exchanger output sensor, heat source input sensor and heat source output sensor additionally is designed to determine measured values of a pressure in the heat transport medium; and or
wherein at least the energy storage heat exchanger output sensor is additionally designed to determine measured values of a pH value and/or a conductivity in the heat transport medium; and or
wherein at least the energy storage sensor is additionally designed to record measured values of a pressure in the heat storage medium of the electrical energy to determine memory;
wherein the operating mode transition control unit is designed to switch from the first, second, third or fourth operating mode to the fifth operating mode and the control unit is designed to prevent further supply of thermal and electrical energy to the thermal coupling system if

• ◯ an amount of a pressure change in the heat transport medium exceeds a first pressure change threshold; and or
• ◯ an amount of a pH change in the heat transport medium exceeds a pH change threshold; and or
• ◯ an amount of conductivity change in the heat transport medium exceeds a conductivity change threshold; and or
• ◯ an amount of a pressure change in the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage exceeds a second pressure change threshold;

and or
wherein a thermal switch in the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ) is designed to prevent further supply of thermal and electrical energy to the thermal coupling system (100) if the temperature T _ES of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage is greater than or equal to a predetermined emergency stop Temperature T _{ES_Notaus} is, where the emergency stop temperature T _{ES_Notaus} is greater than the maximum temperature T _{ES_max} of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage.

The transmission of measured values regarding volume flow, pressure, conductivity and/or pH value in the heat transport medium and/or in the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage at the predetermined measuring points of the respective sensors can also be evaluated by the control unit in such a way that error monitoring in the thermal coupling module and/or takes place in the thermal coupling system. In particular, the control unit can detect a leak in the electrical energy storage, in the energy storage heat exchanger, in the branched hydraulic system of the thermal coupling module and/or via a drop in the pressure and/or volume flow and/or a change in the pH value and/or in the electrical conductivity. or close in the heat collector heat exchanger and put the thermal coupling module and / or the thermal coupling system into a fault mode and / or emergency stop mode.

The different pressure levels in the electrical energy storage, in the branched hydraulic system of the thermal coupling module and in the heat collector prove to be particularly advantageous for the operational reliability of the thermal coupling mode. Here, the fresh water inlet of a building, as an example of a heat consumer, often has a pressure level between approximately 4 to 6 bar, while the pressure level in the branched hydraulic system of the thermal coupling module is preferably approximately 2 to 4 bar smaller than the pressure level in the heat consumer. The pressure level in the electrical energy storage is usually below 2 bar and therefore even lower than in the branched hydraulic system of the thermal coupling module. For example, in the event of a leak in the heat consumer heat exchanger of a hot water storage tank due to the higher pressure in the heat consumer, only drinking water would enter the circuit of the thermal coupling module and/or in the event of a leak in the energy storage heat exchanger due to the higher pressure in the thermal coupling module, only the electrically neutral heat transport medium would enter the circuit penetrate electrical energy storage.

The tank of the electrical energy storage is preferably designed such that the volume of the heat transport medium from the thermal coupling module can also be accommodated in the tank of the electrical energy storage without it overflowing. The pressure gradient from the higher pressure in the heat collector to a low pressure in the electrical energy storage device ensures that a potentially environmentally harmful heat storage medium in the electrical energy storage device does not enter the environment via the thermal coupling module.

In order to determine a leak in the energy storage heat exchanger to a flow battery, the pH and/or conductivity is preferably measured at the energy storage heat exchanger output sensor. In the case of an electrical energy storage in the form of a lithium-ion battery, in order to detect a leak in the energy storage heat exchanger, the pressure in the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage is preferably determined by an energy storage sensor.

The control of the thermal coupling module and/or the thermal coupling system in the event of a fault can be carried out by the control unit and its operating mode transition control unit and/or by a higher-level energy management system.

In addition, if a predetermined emergency temperature T _{ES_Notaus} in the electrical energy storage is exceeded, the entire supply of thermal and electrical energy into the thermal coupling system can be stopped by a thermal scarf ter in the electrical energy storage can be prevented and thus an emergency stop of the system can be brought about.

In a further preferred embodiment of the thermal coupling system, the control unit is designed to regulate the temperature T _ES of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage via the energy storage heat exchanger in such a way that the temperature T _ES of the heat storage medium does not exceed a predetermined maximum temperature T _{ES_max} of the heat storage medium, where the maximum temperature T _{ES_max} is preferably a temperature in the range of 30°C and 60°C, and more preferably is about 40°C; and optional
that the temperature T _ES of the heat storage medium of the at least one flow battery does not fall below a predetermined minimum temperature T _{ES_min} of the heat storage medium, wherein the minimum temperature T _{ES_min} is preferably a temperature in the range of 5 ° C and 20 ° C, and more preferably about 10 °C is.

With common electrical energy storage devices, there is a strong limitation on the permissible temperature range of the heat storage medium. A temperature of 40 °C in the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage is a frequently recommended and used upper limit for flow batteries and lithium-ion batteries. A temperature of 10 °C is a typical lower limit for flow battery storage media in order to avoid increased aging of the batteries. In the future, further development of electrical energy storage may result in a thermally usable temperature range with lower lower temperature limits and higher upper temperature limits.

In a further preferred embodiment of the thermal coupling system, the heat consumer has a heat storage, in particular a hot water storage, for storing thermal energy, which has a cold water inlet; and optional
wherein the control unit is designed to regulate the temperature in the cold water inlet and/or in the heat storage for a predetermined period of time via the heat collector heat exchanger in such a way that the temperature reaches a minimum temperature for treating water, in particular drinking water.

Designing a heat consumer as a hot water storage tank with a cold water inlet represents an efficient way to couple the thermal coupling module with existing heat energy consumers in an existing building or in a new building. In such an embodiment, in particular the cold water inlet of the hot water storage tank is coupled to the heat collector heat exchanger. In this case, the cold water in the cold water inlet corresponds to the heat medium of the heat consumer heat exchanger.

When operating a thermal coupling system with a connected hot water storage tank, it is possible that in certain periods of time a certain amount of heat loss from the electrical energy storage is generated during electrical operation and/or a certain heat input from renewable energies is introduced into the system via the heat source, but at the same time the cold water inlet is at a standstill due to a lack of heat consumption in the hot water tank. In this case, with a longer temperature window of 30 °C to 45 °C, legionella could form in the drinking water of the cold water inlet if the heat collector heat exchanger cannot be separated. The preferred embodiment of the thermal coupling module according to the invention counteracts this problem, since the heat collector heat exchanger can be bridged in the third operating mode via a heat collector bypass valve. This means that the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage can be warmed up even with low heat outputs without increasing the risk of legionella proliferation in the drinking water supply. If the temperature range of 30 °C to 45 °C still exists at the cold water inlet for a longer period of time, the large thermal mass can be decoupled by bridging the electrical energy storage using the energy storage bypass valve and the remaining heat circuit can thus be converted into thermal in the fourth operating mode Heating the coupling module and thus also the cold water inlet of the hot water tank effectively and quickly to a minimum temperature for the treatment of water, especially drinking water. The heat collector heat exchanger is designed to regulate the minimum temperature to at least 55 °C in the entire pipe system, the heat storage and to at least 60 °C in the hot water storage in order to prevent Legionella from multiplying. The heat collector heat exchanger preferably regulates the minimum temperature in the entire heat storage to at least 60 ° C for at least 30 minutes and particularly preferably to at least 70 ° C for at least 3 minutes in order to safely kill legionella in the heat storage. Thus, in this scenario, which is considered rare but important, legionella in drinking water can be safely killed by controlling the cold water inlet temperature and/or the hot water tank above a minimum temperature over a predetermined period of time.

In addition, the first, second and fourth operating modes of the thermal coupling mode in the thermal coupling system allow each Time to reach a specified hot water temperature in the hot water tank above such a minimum temperature.

• Übertragen von Wärmeenergie in einem ersten Betriebsmodus von dem elektrischen Energiespeicher und/oder der Wärmequelle zu dem Wärmeabnehmer;
• Übertragen von Wärmeenergie in einem zweiten Betriebsmodus von der Wärmequelle zu dem Wärmeabnehmer und zu dem elektrischen Energiespeicher;
• Übertragen von Wärmeenergie in einem dritten Betriebsmodus von der Wärmequelle zu dem elektrischen Energiespeicher; und
• Übertragen von Wärmeenergie in einem vierten Betriebsmodus von der Wärmequelle zu dem Wärmeabnehmer,

wobei das thermische Koppelmodul ein thermisches Koppelmodul gemäß dem ersten Aspekt und dessen bevorzugten Ausführungsformen ist.A further aspect of solving the problem includes a method for heat transfer between at least one electrical energy storage, a thermal coupling module comprising a heat source and at least one heat collector, the method having four operating modes with the following steps:

• Transferring thermal energy in a first operating mode from the electrical energy storage and/or the heat source to the heat consumer;
• Transferring thermal energy in a second operating mode from the heat source to the heat consumer and to the electrical energy storage;
• Transferring thermal energy in a third operating mode from the heat source to the electrical energy storage; and
• Transferring heat energy in a fourth operating mode from the heat source to the heat consumer,

wherein the thermal coupling module is a thermal coupling module according to the first aspect and its preferred embodiments.

Further method steps for preferred embodiments of the method result from the previous statements on the aspects and preferred embodiments of the thermal coupling module and the thermal coupling system.

A further aspect of solving the problem relates to the use of a thermal coupling module and a thermal coupling system according to the previous aspects and preferred embodiments for heat transfer between at least one electrical energy storage and at least one heat consumer.

For the above-mentioned aspects and in particular for preferred embodiments in this regard, the statements made above or below regarding the embodiments of the other aspects also apply.

Individual embodiments for solving the problem are described below using the figures as examples. Some of the individual embodiments described have features that are not absolutely necessary to carry out the claimed subject matter, but which provide desired properties in certain applications. Embodiments that do not have all the features of the embodiments described below should also be viewed as falling under the technical teaching described. Furthermore, in order to avoid unnecessary repetitions, certain features are only mentioned or described in relation to individual embodiments described below. It should be noted that the individual embodiments should therefore not only be viewed individually, but also in conjunction. Based on this overview, the person skilled in the art will recognize that individual embodiments can also be modified by incorporating individual or multiple features of other embodiments. It is noted that a systematic combination of the individual embodiments with one or more features described in relation to other embodiments may be desirable and useful and should therefore be considered and included in the description.

Brief description of the drawings

• 1 shows a schematic representation of a thermal coupling system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
• 2 shows a first operating mode for a thermal coupling module of a thermal coupling system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
• 3 shows a second operating mode for the thermal coupling module 2 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
• 4 shows a third operating mode for the thermal coupling module 2 and 3 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
• 5 shows a fourth operating mode for the thermal coupling module from the 2 to 4 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
• 6 shows a schematic representation of a thermal coupling system not according to the invention without a branched heat circuit for comparison purposes.

Detailed description of the drawings

1 shows a schematic representation of a thermal coupling system 100 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. This includes thermal coupling lution system 100 at least one electrical energy storage 200 _1..n and at least one heat collector 300 _1n , where in 1 a thermal coupling module 10 couples an electrical energy storage 200 ₁ and a heat collector 300 ₁ through a branched hydraulic system. The electrical energy storage 200 ₁ is filled with a medium that was originally designed only as an electrical energy storage medium when operated exclusively electrically and, in interaction with the thermal coupling system 100, also takes on the function of a heat storage medium. The electrical energy storage 200 ₁ can be designed as a battery, which is conceivable in many embodiments and which is preferably implemented by a lithium-ion battery or a flow battery. A flow battery is usually designed with two tanks, but can be used as in 1 also be shown schematically as an entire electrical energy storage device 200 ₁ . The heat collector 300 ₁ is shown as a non-specific component and can be operated by transferring heat to the heat medium of the heat collector 300 ₁ .

The thermal coupling module 10 has a branched, hydraulic system which is filled with a heat transport medium 90 and additionally includes a heat source 80 and preferably a heat transport medium pump 98. The heat transport medium 90 is either gaseous or liquid and is always pumped further in the same direction at the heat transport medium pump 98 during operation of the heat transport medium pump 98, so that the heat transport medium 90 in the 1 is transported clockwise through the branched hydraulic system of the thermal coupling module 10.

The branched hydraulic system essentially has an energy storage heat exchanger 20 ₁ , a heat collector heat exchanger 30 ₁ , tubular fluid connections, controllable and/or regulatable valves for controlling and/or regulating volume flows in the fluid connections and sensors. The energy storage heat exchanger 20 ₁ thermally couples the thermal coupling module to the electrical energy storage 200 ₁ and has an energy storage heat exchanger input 22 ₁ and an energy storage heat exchanger output 24 ₁ . In addition, the heat consumer heat exchanger 30 ₁ thermally couples the thermal coupling module to the heat consumer 300 ₁ and has a heat consumer heat exchanger input 32 ₁ and a heat consumer heat exchanger output 34 ₁ . Heat exchanger input here refers to the part of a heat exchanger into which the heat transport medium 90 is first introduced by the pumping direction of the heat transport medium pump 98 and accordingly a heat exchanger output refers to the part of a heat exchanger in which the heat transport medium 90 is again is directed out.

The energy storage heat exchanger output 24 ₁ is connected to the heat collector heat exchanger input 32 ₁ by a first fluid connection 40. The first fluid connection 40 contains the heat source 80, via which external heat energy, preferably from renewable energies, can be fed into the heat transport medium 90. The first fluid connection 40 is divided into two parts, with a heat source upstream line section 44 between energy storage heat exchanger outlet 24 ₁ and heat source 80 and a heat source downstream line section 42 between heat source 80 and heat collector heat exchanger inlet 32 ₁ is arranged. The heat source downstream line section 42 has a heat collector isolation valve 46, via which a volume flow of the heat transport medium 90 into the heat collector heat exchanger inlet 32 ₁ is controlled and / or regulated.

The heat collector heat exchanger output 34 ₁ is connected to the energy storage heat exchanger input 22 ₁ by a second fluid line 50. The second fluid line 50 contains an optional heat transport medium pump 98, which can preferably pump the heat transport medium 90 in a controlled and/or regulated manner in the direction of the energy storage heat exchanger inlet 22 ₁ and thus overall in the clockwise direction of the branched hydraulic system. The second fluid line 50 has an energy storage isolation valve 52 between the heat transport medium pump 98 and the energy storage heat exchanger inlet 22 ₁ , via which a volume flow of the heat transport medium 90 in the energy storage heat exchanger inlet 22 ₁ is controlled and / or regulated.

In the heat source downstream line section 42 there is a branching area of the first fluid line 40, which is connected via a third fluid line 60 to a branching area of the second fluid line 50 between the heat collector heat exchanger outlet 34 ₁ and the heat transport medium pump 98. The third fluid line 60 has a heat collector bypass valve 62, via which a volume flow through the third fluid line 60 is controlled and/or regulated. Between the heat transport medium pump 98 and the energy storage heat exchanger inlet 22 ₁ there is a branching area of the second fluid line 50, which has a fourth Fluid line 70 is connected to a branch area in the heat source upstream line section 44. The fourth fluid line 70 has an energy storage bypass valve 72, via which a volume flow through the fourth fluid line 70 is controlled and/or regulated.

A heat consumer heat exchanger input sensor 48 ₁ and a heat consumer heat exchanger output sensor 49 ₁ are arranged on the input and output sides of the heat consumer heat exchanger 30 ₁ , the measured values about operating states of the heat transport medium 90 at the heat consumer heat exchanger input 32 ₁ and Heat collector heat exchanger output 34 ₁ supply. The heat collector heat exchanger input sensor 48 ₁ is arranged between the branching area in the heat source downstream line section 42 and the heat collector heat exchanger input 32 ₁ and preferably directly on or in the immediate spatial vicinity of the heat collector heat exchanger input 32 ₁ . Preferably, the heat consumer heat exchanger input sensor 48 ₁ measures a temperature T _WA-ON of the heat transport medium 90 directly at or in the immediate vicinity of the heat consumer heat exchanger input 32 ₁ in order to obtain a usable temperature difference between a temperature T _WA of the heat medium of the heat consumer 300 ₁ and the temperature T _WA-ON of the heat transport medium 90 in the heat consumer heat exchanger 30 ₁ to be determined and forwarded to a control unit 92. The heat consumer heat exchanger output sensor 49 ₁ preferably measures the temperature T _WA-AUS of the heat transport medium 90 directly at or in the immediate vicinity of the heat consumer heat exchanger output 34 ₁ in order to determine the heat given off to the heat consumer. The heat consumer heat exchanger output sensor 49 ₁ also preferably measures the pressure in the heat transport medium 90 directly at or in the immediate spatial proximity of the heat consumer heat exchanger output 34 ₁ in order to detect a leak between the heat consumer 300 in the event of a pressure deviation compared to the rest of the branched hydraulic system ₁ and heat consumer heat exchanger 30 ₁ to be determined and forwarded to the control unit 92. However, a pressure deviation in the branched hydraulic system can also be measured at another point in the coupling module 10, for example behind the energy storage heat exchanger 20 ₁ . A pressure sensor in the coupling module 10 is sufficient to detect leaks at various points in the coupling module 10.

An energy storage heat exchanger input sensor 54 ₁ and an energy storage heat exchanger output sensor 56 ₁ are arranged on the input and output sides of the energy storage heat exchanger 20 ₁ , the measured values about operating states of the heat transport medium 90 at the energy storage heat exchanger input 22 ₁ and Energy storage heat exchanger output 24 ₁ supply. The energy storage heat exchanger input sensor 54 ₁ is between the branching area between the heat transport medium pump 98 and the energy storage isolation valve 52 and the energy storage heat exchanger input 22 ₁ and preferably directly on or in the immediate spatial vicinity of the energy storage heat exchanger input 22 ₁ arranged. Preferably, the energy storage heat exchanger input sensor 54 ₁ measures a temperature T _ES-ON of the heat transport medium 90 directly at or in the immediate vicinity of the energy storage heat exchanger input 22 ₁ in order to obtain a usable temperature difference between a temperature T _ES of the heat storage medium of the electrical Energy storage 200 ₁ and the temperature T _ES-ON of the heat transport medium 90 in the energy storage heat exchanger 20 ₁ to be determined and forwarded to the control unit 92. The energy storage heat exchanger output sensor 56 ₁ preferably measures the pressure, the pH value and/or the conductivity in the heat transport medium 90 directly at the energy storage heat exchanger output 24 ₁ in order to detect a deviation in the pressure, pH value and/or the conductivity in comparison to the rest of the branched hydraulic system to determine a leak between the heat consumer 300 ₁ and the heat consumer heat exchanger 30 ₁ and to be able to forward it to the control unit 92.

A heat source input sensor 84 and a heat source output sensor 86 are arranged on the input and output sides of the heat source 80, which provide measured values about operating states of the heat transport medium 90 on the input and output sides to the heat source 80. The heat source input sensor 84 is arranged between the branching area in the heat source upstream line section 44 and the heat source 80 and preferably directly at or in the immediate spatial vicinity of the entrance to the heat source 80. The heat source input sensor 84 preferably measures a temperature T _WQ-IN of the heat transport medium 90 in order to determine the thermal energy to be fed in from the heat source and to be able to forward it to the control unit 92. The heat source output sensor 86 preferably measures the temperature T _WQ-AUS directly at the output of the heat source 80 in order to be able to determine at the control unit 92 how much heat energy was actually transferred from the heat source 80 to the heat transport medium 90 and whether during the transfer of the heat energy from the heat source 80, the heat transport medium 90 was heated to an unacceptably high level. In such a case, further supply of thermal energy must be carried out the heat source 80 can be immediately stopped by the control unit 92 or a higher-level energy management system.

In addition, the thermal coupling module 10 preferably has an excess feed information transmitter 82. The feed-in excess information provider 82 can use external information sources such as an energy management system, the Internet and/or external sensors to determine the availability of excess power and preferably also the amount of excess power from external energy sources, which is ecologically and/or economically advantageous for the operator of the thermal coupling module 10 or is used to relieve an overloaded power grid. In particular, external surplus power from electrical and/or thermal energy from renewable energies and/or particularly inexpensive external electrical power from the power grid can be determined and its availability and amount can be forwarded to the control unit 92.

The thermal coupling module 10 also has an energy storage sensor 26 ₁ for determining an operating state of the electrical energy storage 200 ₁ , which is arranged in spatial proximity to the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage 200 ₁ and/or in the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage 200 ₁ and preferably the temperature T _ES and a pressure of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage 200 ₁ measures. Likewise, the thermal coupling module 10 preferably has a heat collector sensor 36 ₁ for determining an operating state of the heat collector 300 ₁ , which is arranged in spatial proximity to the heat medium of the heat collector 300 ₁ and/or in the heat medium of the heat collector 300 ₁ and preferably the temperature T _WA of the heat medium of the heat collector 300 ₁ measures.

In addition, the thermal coupling module 10 preferably has a heat consumer heat requirement sensor 38 ₁ for determining an amount of heat requirement at the heat consumer. Here, the heat consumer heat requirement sensor 38 ₁ can first receive a target temperature from an external information provider, to which the heat medium of the heat consumer 300 ₁ is to be maintained or heated. Based on the target temperature, the actual temperature of the heat consumer sensor 36 ₁ and the design of the heat medium, such as its volume or volume flow, weight and / or specific heat capacity, the heat consumer heat requirement sensor 38 ₁ can then determine the amount of heat required Determine the heat consumer and forward it to the control unit 92.

All measurement results of the feed-in surplus information transmitter 82, energy storage sensor 26 ₁ , heat consumer sensor 36 ₁ , heat consumer heat demand sensor 38 ₁ , heat consumer heat exchanger input sensor 48 ₁ , heat consumer heat exchanger output sensor 49 ₁ , energy storage Heat exchanger input sensor 54 ₁ , energy storage heat exchanger output sensor 56 ₁ , heat source input sensor 84 and heat source output sensor 86 and are used as input signals by a wired and / or wireless transmission to the control unit 92 and one integrated therein Operating mode transition control unit 94 and heat demand energy forecast module 96 are transmitted and processed there to generate control and / or regulation signals. These control and/or regulation signals are then used to activate or deactivate the heat source 80 and/or to partially and/or completely open and/or close the heat collector isolation valve 46, the energy storage isolation valve 52, the heat collector bypass valve 62 and the energy storage bypass valve 72 and used for switching between different operating modes of the thermal coupling module 10. The control unit 92 also generates control and/or regulation signals for the heat transport medium pump 98 in order to control and/or regulate the volume flow through the pump.

The 2 to 5 show four operating modes of a thermal coupling module 10 of a coupling system 100 in a preferred embodiment with two electrical energy stores 200 ₁ and 200 ₂ arranged in parallel and a heat collector 300 ₁ , the two electrical energy stores 200 ₁ and 200 ₂ as a flow battery with two tanks for Each heat storage medium is configured. Corresponding to the two electrical energy storage devices 200 ₁ and 200 ₂ , the thermal coupling module 10 has two energy storage heat exchangers 20 ₁ and 20 ₂ , two energy storage sensors 26 ₁ and 26 ₂ , two energy storage heat exchanger input sensors 54 ₁ and 54 ₂ , two Energy storage heat exchanger output sensors 56 ₁ and 56 ₂ and two energy storage isolation valves 52, whereby the two energy storage isolation valves 52 can also be designed as a three-way isolation valve 52. The heat collector 300 ₁ is in the 2 to 5 in particular designed to absorb heat energy via the heat collector heat exchanger 30 ₁ at a cold water inlet 304 ₁ and to transport this heat energy through the cold water inlet 304 ₁ to a heat storage 302 ₁ , which serves as a hot water storage. The other components of the thermal Coupling module 10 correspond to those already in 1 components described.

The control unit 92 of the thermal coupling module 10 is preferably designed such that a stable thermal energy flow within the thermal coupling module 10 is achieved for each of the operating modes. For this purpose, the control unit 92 is designed to generate and output corresponding control and/or regulation signals for the heat source 80 and the valves in order to determine the amount of thermal energy fed into the heat source 80 and to determine the opening states of the heat collector isolation valve 46 and the energy storage isolation valves 52 , the heat collector bypass valve 62 and the energy storage bypass valve 72 for controlling the volume flow of the heat transport medium 90 to control and / or regulate. The control unit 92 controls and/or regulates the thermal coupling module 10 based on the operating states and heat availability in the coupling system 100 and in particular based on the temperatures and temperature differences. The control unit 92 can be designed to additionally include measurement signals from sensors for volume flow, pressure, conductivity, pH value or other physical variables in the control and/or regulation.

So that the thermal coupling module 10 is operated stably in one of the four operating modes, the sensors detect the current operating states in the heat storage media of the electrical energy storage 200 ₁ and 200 ₂ , in the heat medium of the heat collector 300 ₁ and at or near the inputs of the energy storage heat exchanger 20 ₁ and 20 ₂ and the heat consumer heat exchanger 30 ₁ and pass on these operating states to the control unit 92. In particular, the current temperature T _ES of the heat storage media of the electrical energy storage devices 200 ₁ and 200 ₂ is measured by the two energy storage sensors 26 ₁ and 26 ₂ . In addition, the two energy storage heat exchanger input sensors 54 ₁ and 54 ₂ each measure a current temperature of the heat transport medium 90 at or in the local vicinity of the energy storage heat exchanger inputs 22 ₁ and 22 ₂ . Furthermore, the heat consumer sensor 36 ₁ measures the current temperature T _WA of the heat medium of the heat consumer 300 ₁ , the heat consumer heat requirement sensor 38 ₁ determines the current heat requirement at the heat consumer and the feed-in surplus information provider 82 determines the availability of feed-in excess power and the amount of excess power that can be fed in. For stable operation of the thermal coupling module 10, the heat source output sensor 86 preferably determines the temperature in the heat transport medium 90, since this is located directly behind the excess feed at the heat source 80 and thus serves as a check that not too much heat energy enters the heat transport medium of the coupling module is introduced.

The control unit 92 controls and/or regulates heat transfer between the heat storage media of the electrical energy storage 200 ₁ and 200 ₂ and the energy storage heat exchangers 20 ₁ and 20 ₂ in such a way that the two heat storage media of the electrical energy storage 200 ₁ and 200 ₂ are as consistently similar or as possible have the same temperatures, for example in vanadium flow batteries to avoid unwanted compensating currents within the battery.

2 shows a first operating mode for the thermal coupling module 10 of the one previously used for 2 to 5 described thermal coupling system 100. The first operating mode causes cooling and/or thermal discharging of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage 200 ₁ and 200 ₂ and heating and/or thermal charging of the heat medium of the heat collector 300 ₁ .

In the first operating mode, the control unit 92 controls and/or regulates the thermal coupling module 10 such that the heat collector isolation valve 46 and the energy storage isolation valves 52 are at least partially opened, and the heat collector bypass valve 62 and the energy storage bypass valve 72 are closed are. In this way, a heat circuit is created in the branched hydraulic system and heat is taken from the heat storage media of the electrical energy storage 200 ₁ and 200 ₂ via the energy storage heat exchangers 20 ₁ and 20 ₂ and transferred to the heat medium of the heat consumer 300 ₁ at the heat consumer heat exchanger 30 ₁ . Additionally, heat energy can be added to the heat transport medium 90 via the heat source 80. The heat transport medium 90 cools down in the circuit at the heat collector heat exchanger 30 ₁ and is warmed up again in the energy storage heat exchangers 20 ₁ and 20 ₂ . In a modified first operating mode, which can also be designed as an additional operating mode, the control unit 92 regulates the thermal coupling module 10 such that, alternatively, the energy storage bypass valve 72 is not completely closed, but at least partially opened. This relieves the load on the electrical energy storage devices 200 ₁ and 200 ₂ due to the lower volume flow and thus also a lower pressure in the energy storage heat exchangers 20 ₁ and 20 ₂ and is particularly suitable when there is a low requirement for additional thermal energy at the heat consumer 300 ₁ .

In order to operate the thermal coupling module 10 stably in the first operating mode, the control unit 92 preferably evaluates the current heat requirement at the heat consumer 300 ₁ determined by the heat consumer heat demand sensor 38 ₁ , the currently available feedable excess power at the heat source 80 determined by the feed surplus information provider 82 and the current operating states of the temperature sensors. In particular, the control unit 92 checks whether there is a first temperature difference ΔT ₁ = T _ES - T _ES-ON between the current temperatures T _ES of the heat storage media of the electrical energy storage 200 ₁ and 200 ₂ and the current temperatures T _ES-ON of the heat transport medium 90 the energy storage heat exchanger inputs 22 ₁ and 22 ₂ exceeds a first threshold value T _SW1 (ΔT ₁ > T _SW1 ). In this way, the control unit determines whether the heat storage media of the electrical energy storage devices 200 ₁ and 200 ₂ still have enough heat energy stored and/or whether the temperature difference ΔT ₁ is still sufficient to transfer heat energy via the energy storage heat exchangers 20 ₁ and 20 ₂ to the heat transport medium 90 to transfer.

If these operating conditions for the first operating mode are currently still met, the control unit 92 can generate control and/or regulation signals that either determine the valve positions on the heat collector isolation valve 46 and on the energy storage isolation valves 52 and thus the volume flows of the heat transport medium 90 through the heat collector -Heat exchanger 30 ₁ and the energy storage heat exchangers 20 ₁ and 20 ₂ as well as the current feed amount of external heat energy via the heat source 80 or change the valve positions and the heat feed via new control and / or regulation signals in order to use the heat from the heat storage media of the electrical energy storage 200 ₁ and 200 ₂ and/or the heat source 80 to change or optimize. In particular, when there is a high availability of external heat energy, preferably from renewable energy sources, the control unit 92 can reduce or completely stop the heat input from the heat storage media of the electrical energy storage 200 ₁ and 200 ₂ in order to avoid unnecessary discharging of the electrical energy storage 200 ₁ and 200 ₂ .

The control and/or regulation by the control unit 92 in the first operating mode is possible until the temperature T _ES of the heat storage media of the electrical energy storage 200 ₁ and 200 ₂ is at least a few degrees (eg 2 ° C) above the temperature of the heat storage medium used by the heat consumer. Heat exchanger 30 ₁ returned heat transport medium 90 is located. Alternatively or additionally, the electrical operation of the electrical energy stores 200 ₁ and 200 ₂ can generate waste heat and thus extend the process of thermal discharge of the electrical energy stores 200 ₁ and 200 ₂ .

The 3 shows a second operating mode for the thermal coupling module 10 of the one previously used for 2 to 5 described thermal coupling system 100. The second operating mode means that in the event of an increased excess of external heat energy at the heat source 80, not only is the required heat output at the heat consumer 300 ₁ covered, but at the same time the heat storage media of the electrical energy storage 200 ₁ and 200 ₂ are thermally charged again become.

In the second operating mode, the control unit 92 controls and/or regulates the thermal coupling module 10 such that the heat collector isolation valve 46 and the energy storage isolation valves 52 are at least partially open, and the energy storage bypass valve 72 is closed and the heat collector bypass Valve 62 is either closed or at least partially open. In this way, a heat cycle is created in the branched hydraulic system and external heat is fed into the heat transport medium 90 via the heat source 80. The external heat is transferred at the heat consumer heat exchanger 30 ₁ to the heat medium of the heat consumer 300 ₁ and at the energy storage heat exchanger 20 ₁ and 20 ₂ to the heat storage media of the electrical energy storage 200 ₁ and 200 ₂ .

In order to operate the thermal coupling module 10 stably in the second operating mode, the control unit 92 preferably evaluates the current heat requirement at the heat consumer 300 ₁ determined by the heat consumer heat demand sensor 38 ₁ , the currently available feedable excess power at the heat source 80 determined by the feed surplus information provider 82 and the current operating states of the temperature sensors. In particular, the control unit 92 checks whether there is a second temperature difference ΔT ₂ = T _ES-ON - T _ES between the current temperatures T _ES-ON of the heat transport medium 90 at the energy storage heat exchanger inputs 22 ₁ and 22 ₂ and the current temperatures T _ES of the heat storage media of the electrical energy storage devices 200 ₁ and 200 ₂ exceeds a second threshold value T _SW2 (ΔT ₂ > T _SW2 ). In this way, the control unit determines whether the heat transport medium 90 in the energy storage heat exchangers 20 ₁ and 20 ₂ has a sufficiently high temperature or has stored enough thermal energy to transfer the thermal energy to the heat storage media of the electrical energy storage 200 ₁ and 200 ₂ .

If these operating conditions for the second operating mode are currently still met, the control unit 92 can generate control and/or regulation signals that either determine the valve positions on the heat collector isolation valve 46, on the energy storage isolation valves 52 and on the heat collector bypass valve 62 and thus the volume flows of the heat transport medium 90 through the heat consumer heat exchanger 30 ₁ , the third fluid line 60 and the energy storage heat exchangers 20 ₁ and 20 ₂ as well as the current feed amount of external heat energy via the heat source 80 are maintained or the valve positions and the heat feed via new control and/or or modify control signals in order to change or optimize the use of heat from the heat source 80.

In comparison to the first operating mode, the second operating mode ensures that the permitted maximum temperature of the heat medium of the heat collector 300 ₁ is not exceeded by the additional heat energy from the heat source 80 and this heat energy is instead used to thermally charge the electrical energy storage.

The 4 shows a third operating mode for the thermal coupling module 10 of the one previously used for 2 to 5 described thermal coupling system 100. The third operating mode is used when there is no heat requirement at the heat consumer 300 ₁ and the heat storage media of the electrical energy storage 200 ₁ and 200 ₂ are not fully thermally charged.

In the third operating mode, the control unit 90 controls and/or regulates the thermal coupling module 10 such that the energy storage isolation valves 52 and the heat collector bypass valve 62 are at least partially opened, and the heat collector isolation valve 46 and the energy storage bypass valve 72 are closed are.

In this way, a heat cycle is created in the branched hydraulic system and external heat is fed into the heat transport medium 90 via the heat source 80. This external heat is transferred to the energy storage heat exchangers 20 ₁ and 20 ₂ to the heat storage media of the electrical energy storage devices 200 ₁ and 200 ₂ .

In order to operate the thermal coupling module 10 stably in the third operating mode, the control unit 92 preferably checks via the heat consumer heat requirement sensor 38 ₁ that there is currently no heat requirement at the heat consumer 300 ₁ and evaluates the currently available feed-in excess power determined by the feed-in surplus information provider 82 Heat source 80 and the current operating states of the temperature sensors. In particular, the control unit 92 checks whether the second temperature difference ΔT ₂ = T _ES-ON - T _ES exceeds the second threshold value T _SW2 (ΔT ₂ > T _SW2 ). In this way, the control unit determines whether the heat transport medium 90 in the energy storage heat exchangers 20 ₁ and 20 ₂ has a sufficiently high temperature or has stored enough thermal energy to transfer the thermal energy to the heat storage media of the electrical energy storage 200 ₁ and 200 ₂ .

If these operating conditions for the third operating mode are currently still met, the control unit 92 can generate control and/or regulation signals that determine either the valve positions on the energy storage isolation valves 52 and on the heat collector bypass valve 62 and thus the volume flows of the heat transport medium 90 the third fluid line 60 and the energy storage heat exchangers 20 ₁ and 20 ₂ as well as the current feed amount of external heat energy via the heat source 80 or change the valve positions and the heat feed via new control and / or regulation signals in order to change the heat utilization from the heat source 80 or to optimize.

The 5 shows a fourth operating mode for the thermal coupling module 10 of the one previously used for 2 to 5 described thermal coupling system 100. The fourth operating mode causes charging when the heat storage media of the electrical energy storage 200 ₁ and 200 ₂ are preferably already partially or fully charged thermally, there is a high availability of additional heat energy from the heat source 80 and a heat medium of the heat consumer 300 ₁ is not yet fully charged of the heat medium of the heat collector 300 ₁ and decoupling the electrical energy storage 200 ₁ and 200 ₂ from the thermal coupling module 10. In the fourth operating mode, maintenance work can also be carried out on the electrical energy storage 200 ₁ and 200 ₂ .

In the fourth operating mode, the control unit 92 controls and/or regulates the thermal coupling module 10 such that the heat collector isolation valve 46 and the energy storage bypass valve 72 are at least partially opened and the energy storage isolation valves 52 and the heat collector bypass valve 62 are closed .

In this way, a heat cycle is created in the branched hydraulic system and external heat is fed into the heat transport medium 90 via the heat source 80. This external Heat is transferred at the heat collector heat exchanger 30 ₁ to the heat medium of the heat collector 300 ₁ .

In order to operate the thermal coupling module 10 stably in the fourth operating mode, the control unit 92 preferably evaluates the current heat requirement at the heat consumer 300 ₁ determined by the heat consumer heat demand sensor 38 ₁ , the currently available feedable excess power at the heat source 80 determined by the feed surplus information provider 82 and the current operating states of the temperature sensors.

Optionally, the control unit 92 can check whether the first temperature difference ΔT ₁ exceeds the first threshold value T _SW1 . In this way, the control unit 92 determines whether the heat storage media of the electrical energy storage devices 200 ₁ and 200 ₂ are already partially or fully thermally charged and a change to the second operating mode therefore does not make sense.

If these operating conditions for the fourth operating mode are currently still met, the control unit 92 can generate control and/or regulation signals that determine either the valve positions on the heat collector isolation valve 46 and on the energy storage bypass valve 72 and thus the volume flows of the heat transport medium 90 through the Heat collector heat exchanger 30 ₁ and the fourth fluid line 70 as well as the current feed amount of external heat energy via the heat source 80 to be maintained or to change the valve positions and the heat feed via new control and / or regulation signals in order to change or optimize the heat utilization from the heat source 80 .

In the fourth operating mode, despite partially or fully charged electrical energy storage devices 200 ₁ and 200 ₂ or maintenance work on the electrical energy storage devices 200 ₁ and 200 ₂ , the thermal coupling module 10 can use excess energy at the heat source 80 in order to warm up the heat medium of the heat consumer 300 ₁ . In this way, long residence times of the heat storage media of the electrical energy storage devices 200 ₁ and 200 ₂ at high temperatures can be reduced and the annual average temperature of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage devices 200 ₁ and 200 ₂ can be reduced. This protects the electrical energy storage devices 200 ₁ and 200 ₂ and prevents premature aging.

In addition to the ones in the 2 to 5 In addition to the four operating modes described, a fifth operating mode is also possible in which the control unit 92 completely switches off the feeding of additional heat energy into the heat transport medium 90 if, for example, the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage devices 200 ₁ and 200 ₂ is maximally loaded with heat energy and no more heat energy is sent to it Heat medium of the heat collector 300 ₁ can be delivered. Thus, the control unit 90 of the thermal coupling module 10 with such a fifth operating mode ensures that the electrical energy storage 200 ₁ and 200 ₂ and the heat collector 300 ₁ do not overheat. Additional operating modes for starting up and shutting down the thermal coupling system 100, for the maintenance of individual components within the thermal coupling module 10, for specific troubleshooting and for certain optimizations of individual operating modes are also possible.

If predefined operating states in the electrical energy storage devices 200 ₁ and 200 ₂ and/or in the heat consumer 300 ₁ are exceeded and/or if there is a change in the availability for feeding in excess power at the heat source 80 and/or a change in the heat requirement at the heat consumer 300 ₁ , these are Operating mode transition control unit 94 and the heat demand energy forecast module 96 as part of the control unit 92 are designed to preferably automatically generate control and / or regulation signals that enable a transition between the at least four operating modes. These control and/or regulation signals are based on the timely evaluation or real-time evaluation of the availability of feed-in excess power and/or feed-in forecast excess energy at the heat source, the heat requirement at the heat consumer 300 ₁ , as well as sensor signals and in particular on their temperature measurements and the comparison to predefined temperature threshold values , which, if exceeded, can trigger a change in operating mode. The control and/or regulation for transitions between the at least four operating modes is designed to protect the thermal coupling module 10, the electrical energy storage 200 ₁ and 200 ₂ and the heat collector 300 ₁ from thermal overload and to operate it as efficiently as possible.

The 6 shows a schematic representation of a thermal coupling system not according to the invention without a branched heat circuit for comparison purposes with the previously described, preferred embodiments of the invention. One of two electrical energy storage devices 200 ₁ and 200 ₂ and a heat collector 300 ₁ are thermally coupled to one another by a simple, unbranched heat circuit. Such a simple heat cycle could consist of an energy storage heat coupler and a heat collector heat coupler, which are directly coupled to one another via two fluid lines and driven by a fluid pump, whereby external heat can be fed via a heat source into a heat transport medium on one of the fluid lines. The operation of such a heat circuit would correspond approximately to the first operating mode of the thermal coupling module 10 according to the invention.

When using a flow battery, as in 6 shown, the heat circuit of the comparative example only takes heat from one of the two tanks of the flow battery, so that unwanted and disadvantageous compensating currents will occur in the flow battery. Advantageously, in the thermal coupling module 10 according to the invention, the inflow to the two heat exchangers is designed to be controllable and/or regulated via the respective valves in order to be able to prevent compensating currents.

In addition, the heat cycle results in: 6 following limitations that make real use unattractive.

The first point that should be mentioned is that with all common electrical energy storage devices there is a strong limitation on the permissible temperature range for the electrical energy storage medium. For example, a vanadium redox flow battery usually only has a permissible temperature window of around 10 °C to 40 °C. In the case of a liquid-cooled lithium-ion battery, the coolant should not exceed a temperature of 40 °C in order to avoid increased aging of the batteries. The heat storage capacity of a heat storage device is directly proportional to the achievable temperature difference between a full and empty heat storage device. If the two heat exchangers were like in the inflexible heat circuit 6 directly connected, the maximum storage temperature would be limited to the maximum permissible temperature in the storage medium of the electrical energy storage. In modern heating systems, a flow temperature of 30 °C - 40 °C is sometimes sufficient, but the majority of heating applications and all hot water systems require a flow temperature and/or a temperature in the boiler of usually 60 °C. Older systems require even higher temperatures. For the necessary 60 °C flow temperature of a hot water system in a building, boilers are usually used that can heat the water to the necessary 60 °C or higher. It can therefore be disadvantageous to connect a heat recovery circuit directly to the heat supply of a building.

Even in the embodiments according to the invention, it may not make sense to permanently maintain a temperature of over 40 ° C in the heat storage medium of a heat storage, since the electrical energy storage medium of an electrical energy storage should be used as the heat storage for a thermal coupling system. Therefore, the solution according to the invention provides a thermal coupling module 10 with several controllable and/or regulatable operating modes, in particular the first, second and fourth operating modes for transferring thermal energy to a heat consumer 300 _1..n , all of which aim at sufficient heating of the thermal medium heat consumers are designed.

The second limiting point of the inflexible heat circuit system of the comparative example is that the power that can be fed in via the heat source is very limited, since excessively high temperature gradients on the energy storage heat exchanger could potentially damage an electrical energy storage device.

The thermal coupling module 10 according to the invention, on the other hand, can, if necessary, use the electrical energy storage 200 _1..n in the fourth operating mode ( 5 ). In this way, high thermal output can be introduced into the heat circuit without any concerns. This is particularly important because heat should preferably be fed in from volatile renewable energy sources. Wind and solar energy, as the most common representatives of renewable energies, have a peak performance that exceeds the average performance many times over.

A third limiting point of the inflexible heat circuit of the comparative example arises when the storage medium of the electrical energy storage is completely thermally charged. If excess energy is now to be fed in via the heat source, cool heat transport medium is again led past the storage medium of the electrical energy storage device through the energy storage heat exchanger via the inflexible heat circuit. The electrical energy storage would therefore be thermally discharged again. A thermally fully charged electrical energy storage device would also charge the heat transport medium in the heat circuit very close to its maximum temperature, so that no or only a small amount of external excess energy can be added via the heat source. As a result, excess energy can no longer be fed into an inflexible heat circuit with a thermally charged battery system.

This disadvantage can be avoided by the preferred embodiment of the thermal device according to the invention coupling module 10 through the fourth operating mode ( 5 ) be prevented. Furthermore, by bridging the electrical energy storage 200 _1..n in the fourth operating mode, uncomplicated maintenance of the electrical energy storage 200 _1..n is possible, while the thermal coupling module 10 continues to be operated by means of a heat source 80 to preheat the heat collector 300 _1..n can.

A fourth limiting point in the inflexible heat circuit of the comparative example 6 represents the lack of possibility to effectively prevent the formation of legionella in a cold water inlet of a hot water tank. In particular, the inflexible heat circuit cannot effectively suppress a prolonged temperature window of 30 °C to 45 °C at the cold water inlet, in which Legionella can form. In addition, it is hardly possible to quickly heat the cold water supply to over 55 °C in order to kill Legionella that has already formed.

These disadvantages can also be eliminated by the preferred thermal coupling module 10 according to the invention by operating in the third and/or fourth operating mode ( 4 and 5 ) be prevented. Regardless of the legionella problem, it is energetically advantageous to decouple the heat consumer 300 _1..n according to the third operating mode if there is no demand for heat at this point in time. This avoids a pressure loss across the heat collector heat exchanger 30 _1..n . In addition, the heat loss in the thermal coupling module 10 is lower when the heat consumer is decoupled.

Reference symbol list

10

thermal coupling module

201..n

Energy storage heat exchanger

221..n

Energy storage heat exchanger input

241..n

Energy storage heat exchanger output

261..n

Energy storage sensor

301..m

Heat collector heat exchanger

321..m

Heat collector heat exchanger input

341..m

Heat collector heat exchanger outlet

361..m

Heat collector sensor

381..m

Heat collector heat demand sensor

40

first fluid line

42

Heat source downstream line section of the first fluid line

44

Heat source upstream line section of the first fluid line

46

Heat collector isolation valve

481..m

Heat collector heat exchanger input sensor

491..m

Heat collector heat exchanger output sensor

50

second fluid line

52

Energy storage isolation valve

541..n

Energy storage heat exchanger input sensor

561..n

Energy storage heat exchanger output sensor

60

third fluid line

62

Heat collector bypass valve

70

fourth fluid line

72

Energy storage bypass valve

80

heat source

82

Feed-in excess information provider

84

Heat source input sensor

86

Heat source output sensor

90

Heat transport medium

92

Control unit

94

Operating mode transition control unit

96

Heat demand energy forecast module

98

Heat transport medium pump

100

thermal coupling system

2001..n

electrical energy storage

3001..n

heat collector

3021..n

Heat storage

3041..n

Cold water inlet

TES

Temperature of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage

TES_max

maximum temperature of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage

TES_min

Minimum temperature of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage

TES_Emergency stop

Emergency stop temperature of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage

TES-A

Temperature of the heat transport medium at the energy storage heat exchanger inlet

TES-OFF

Temperature of the heat transport medium at the energy storage heat exchanger outlet

TWA

Temperature of the heat medium of the heat consumer

TWA-A

Temperature of the heat transport medium at the heat collector heat exchanger inlet

TWA-OFF

Temperature of the heat transport medium at the heat collector heat exchanger outlet

TWQ-ON

Temperature of the heat transport medium upstream of the heat source and downstream of a first fluid line connection point

TWQ OFF

Temperature of the heat transport medium downstream of the heat source and upstream of a second fluid line connection point

ΔT1

first temperature difference T _ES - T _ES-ON

ΔT2

second temperature difference T _ES-ON - T _ES

ΔT3

third temperature difference T _ES - T _WA

TSW1

first threshold

TSW2

second threshold

TSW3

third threshold

Claims (14)

Thermal coupling module (10) for heat transfer between at least one electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ) and at least one heat consumer (300 _1..n ), the thermal coupling module (10) comprising: at least one energy storage heat exchanger (20 _{1.. n} ), which is designed for heat transfer between the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ) and a heat transport medium (90), the energy storage heat exchanger (20 _1..n ) having an energy storage heat exchanger input (22 _1..n ) and an energy storage heat exchanger outlet (24 _1..n ) for the heat transport medium (90); at least one heat collector heat exchanger (30 _1..m ), which is designed for heat transfer between the heat collector (300 _1..n ) and the heat transport medium (90), the heat collector heat exchanger (30 _1..m ) having a heat collector Heat exchanger inlet (32 _1..m ) and a heat collector heat exchanger outlet (34 _1..m ) for the heat transport medium (90); a first fluid line (40) for the heat transport medium (90) for fluidly connecting the energy storage heat exchanger outlet (24 _1..n ) to the heat collector heat exchanger inlet (32 _1..m ); a controllable heat collector isolation valve (46) arranged in the first fluid line (40) for controlling a volume flow of the heat transport medium (90) through the heat collector isolation valve (46); a second fluid line (50) for the heat transport medium (90) for fluidly connecting the heat collector heat exchanger output (34 _1..m ) to the energy storage heat exchanger input (22 _1..n ); a controllable energy storage isolation valve (52) arranged in the second fluid line (50) for controlling a volume flow of the heat transport medium (90) through the energy storage isolation valve (52); at least one heat source (80) for feeding thermal energy into the heat transport medium (90) between the energy storage heat exchanger outlet (24 _1..n ) and the heat collector isolation valve (46) in the first fluid line (40); a third fluid connection (60) for the heat transport medium (90) for fluid connection of the heat collector heat exchanger outlet (34 _1..m ) with a heat source downstream line section (42) of the first fluid line (40) between the heat source (80) and the heat collector isolation valve (46); a controllable heat collector bypass valve (62) arranged in the third fluid line (60) for controlling a volume flow of the heat transport medium (90) through the heat collector mer bypass valve (62); a fourth fluid connection (70) for the heat transport medium (90) for fluidly connecting the heat consumer heat exchanger outlet (34 _1..m ) to a heat source upstream line section (44) of the first fluid line (40) between the energy storage heat exchanger outlet ( 24 _1..n ) and the heat source (80); a controllable energy storage bypass valve (72) arranged in the fourth fluid line (70) for controlling a volume flow of the heat transport medium (90) through the energy storage bypass valve (72); and a control unit (92) for controlling or regulating the feed of thermal energy through the heat source (80) and for controlling or regulating the heat transfer between the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ) and the heat consumer (300 _1..n ) by controlling or regulating the volume flow of the heat transport medium (90) through the heat collector isolation valve (46), the energy storage isolation valve (52), the heat collector bypass valve (62) and the energy storage bypass valve (72); wherein the thermal coupling module (10) additionally comprises: an excess feed-in information provider (82), which is designed to determine an availability and preferably an amount of excess power that can be fed in and to output it to the control unit (92) as excess power availability information and excess power amount information, wherein the excess power that can be fed in can be supplied to the heat source (80) for heating the heat transport medium (90), the excess feed-in information provider (82) being designed to output the excess power availability information and the excess power amount information to the control unit (92) if - the surplus power that can be fed in is surplus power from renewable energies; and/or - the surplus power that can be fed in is a thermal surplus power that can be taken from an external heat source; and/or - the surplus power that can be fed in is excess electrical power that can be taken from an external power grid to reduce grid overload; and/or - the excess power that can be fed in is excess electrical power that can be taken from a power grid at an electricity extraction price per unit of time that is below a threshold extraction price per unit of time; and/or an energy storage sensor (26 _1..n ) for determining an operating state of the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ), in particular a temperature (T _ES ) of a heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ); and/or a heat collector sensor (36 _1..m ) for determining a temperature (T _WA ) of a heat medium of the heat collector (300 _1..n ); and/or a heat collector heat exchanger input sensor (48 _1..m ) for determining an operating state of the heat transport medium (90) at the heat collector heat exchanger input (32 _1..m ), the operating state of the heat transport medium (90) a temperature (T _WA-IN ) of the heat transport medium (90) at the heat collector heat exchanger inlet (32 _1..m ); and/or a heat consumer heat exchanger output sensor (49 _1..m ) for determining an operating state of the heat transport medium (90) at the heat consumer heat exchanger output (34 _1..m ), the operating state of the heat transport medium (90) a temperature (T _WA-AUS ) of the heat transport medium (90) at the heat collector heat exchanger outlet (34 _1..m ); and/or an energy storage heat exchanger input sensor (54 _1..n ) for determining an operating state of the heat transport medium (90) at the energy storage heat exchanger input (22 _1..n ), the operating state of the heat transport medium (90) a temperature (T _ES-IN ) of the heat transport medium (90) at the energy storage heat exchanger inlet (22 _1..n ); and/or an energy storage heat exchanger output sensor (56 _1..n ) for determining an operating state of the heat transport medium (90) at the energy storage heat exchanger output (24 _1..n ), the operating state of the heat transport medium (90) a temperature (T _ES-AUS ) of the heat transport medium (90) at the energy storage heat exchanger outlet (24 _1..n ); and/or a heat source input sensor (84) for determining an operating state of the heat transport medium (90) at a first sensor position in the first fluid line (40), the operating state of the heat transport medium (90) being a temperature (T _WQ-ON ) of the Heat transport medium (90) at the first sensor position, the first sensor position being upstream of the heat source (80) and downstream of a first fluid line connection point of a connection of the first fluid line (40) to the fourth fluid line (70); and/or a heat source output sensor (86) for determining an operating state of the heat transport medium (90) at a second sensor position in the first fluid line (40), the operating state of the heat transport medium (90) being a temperature (T _WQ-AUS ). Heat transport medium (90) at the second sensor position, the second sensor position downstream of the heat source (80) and upstream of a second Fluid line connection point of a connection of the first fluid line (40) with the third fluid line (60); and/or a heat consumer heat requirement sensor (38 _1..m ) for determining an amount of heat requirement of the heat consumer (300 _1..n ), the heat requirement being a heat transfer performance that is supplied to the heat transport medium (90) by the heat consumer (300 _1..n ) is withdrawn via the heat consumer heat exchanger (30 ₁ ); whereby the energy storage sensor (26 _1..n ), the heat consumer sensor (36 _1..m ), the heat consumer heat exchanger input sensor (48 _1..m ), the heat consumer heat exchanger output sensor ( 49 _1..m ), the energy storage heat exchanger input sensor (54 _1..n ), the energy storage heat exchanger output sensor (56 _1..n ), the heat source input sensor (84), the Heat source output sensor (86) and the heat consumer heat requirement sensor (38 _1..m ) are each designed to determine measured values of the operating state and to provide associated respective measurement signals as input signals for the control unit (92). Thermal coupling module (10) according to Claim 1 , wherein the control unit (92) is configured to control the thermal coupling module (10) in at least four operating modes; wherein in a first operating mode, the heat collector isolation valve (46) and the energy storage isolation valve (52) are at least partially open, and the heat collector bypass valve (62) and the energy storage bypass valve (72) are closed to heat energy from the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ) and/or the heat source (80) to the heat collector (300 _1..n ); wherein in a second operating mode, the heat collector isolation valve (46) and the energy storage isolation valve (52) are at least partially open, and the energy storage bypass valve (72) is closed, and the heat collector bypass valve (62) is either closed or is at least partially open in order to transfer heat energy from the heat source (80) to the heat consumer (300 _1..n ) and to the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ); wherein in a third operating mode, the energy storage isolation valve (52) and the heat collector bypass valve (62) are at least partially open, and the heat collector isolation valve (46) and the energy storage bypass valve (72) are closed to heat energy from the heat source (80) to the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ); and wherein in a fourth operating mode, the heat collector isolation valve (46) and the energy storage bypass valve (72) are at least partially open, and the energy storage isolation valve (52) and the heat collector bypass valve (62) are closed To transfer heat energy from the heat source (80) to the heat consumer (300 _1..n ). Thermal coupling module (10) according to Claim 1 and 2 , wherein in the first operating mode - the heat consumer heat requirement sensor (38 _1..m ) indicates that the heat consumer (300 _1..n ) has a heat requirement greater than zero; - a first temperature difference (ΔT ₁ ) between the temperature (T _ES ) of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage device (200 _1..n ) and the temperature (T _ES-EIN ) of the heat transport medium (90) at the energy storage heat exchanger inlet (22 _1..n ) exceeds a first threshold value (T _SW1 ), wherein the first threshold value (T _SW1 ) is greater than or equal to zero; and preferably - the feed-in excess information provider (82) indicates that feed-in excess power is available which can be supplied to the heat source (80); wherein in the second operating mode - the heat consumer heat requirement sensor (38 _1..m ) indicates that the heat consumer (300 _1..n ) has a heat requirement greater than zero; - a second temperature difference (ΔT ₂ ) between the temperature (T _ES-EIN ) of the heat transport medium at the energy storage heat exchanger input (22 _1..n ) and the temperature (T _ES ) of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage (200 _{1.. n} ) exceeds a second threshold value (T _SW2 ) greater than zero; and preferably - the feed-in excess information provider (82) indicates that feed-in excess power is available which can be supplied to the heat source (80); wherein in the third operating mode - the heat consumer heat requirement sensor (38 _1..m ) indicates that the heat consumer (300 _1..n ) has no heat requirement; - the second temperature difference (ΔT ₂ ) exceeds the second threshold value (T _SW2 ) greater than zero; and - the feed-in excess information provider (82) indicates that feed-in excess power is available which can be supplied to the heat source (80); wherein in the fourth operating mode - the heat consumer heat requirement sensor (38 _1..m ) indicates that the heat consumer (300 _1..n ) has a heat requirement greater than zero; and preferably - the feed-in excess information provider (82) indicates that feed-in excess power is available, which can be supplied to the heat source (80). Thermal coupling module (10) according to Claim 1 and 2 or after Claim 3 , wherein the control unit (92) comprises an operating mode transition control unit (94) and the operating mode transition control unit (94) is designed to switch between the at least four to change operating modes of the thermal coupling module (10); and wherein, optionally, the feed-in surplus information provider (82) is additionally designed to determine an availability and preferably an amount of a feed-in forecast surplus energy from a feed-in forecast surplus power in a future forecast period and to the control unit (92) as output forecast excess energy availability information and forecast excess energy amount information, wherein the feedable forecast excess energy can be supplied to the heat source (80) in the forecast period for heating the heat transport medium (90); and wherein, optionally, the thermal coupling module (10) additionally comprises a heat demand energy forecast module (96) which is designed to determine a forecast heat demand energy from a forecast heat demand in the future forecast period; wherein the operating mode transition control unit (94) is designed to - switch from the second, third or fourth operating mode to the first operating mode when ◯ the feed-in surplus information provider (82) indicates that feed-in excess power is available, which is available to the heat source ( 80) can be supplied; ◯ the heat consumer heat requirement sensor (38 _1..m ) indicates that the heat consumer (300 _1..n ) has a heat requirement greater than zero; ◯ the heat requirement of the heat consumer (300 _1..n ) is greater than or equal to the amount of excess power that can be fed in, which is determined by the excess feed-in information provider (82); ◯ a third temperature difference (ΔT ₃ ) between the temperature (T _ES ) of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ) and the temperature (T _WA ) of the heat medium of the heat consumer (300 _1..n ) a third threshold value (T _SW3 ) exceeds; and ◯ the temperature (T _ES ) of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ) is greater than a minimum temperature (T _{ES_min} ) of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ); and/or - to switch from the first, third or fourth operating mode to the second operating mode if in a first alternative or feed-in surplus information provider (82) indicates that feed-in excess power is available which can be supplied to the heat source (80); ◯ the heat consumer heat requirement sensor (38 _1..m ) indicates that the heat consumer (300 _1..n ) has a heat requirement greater than zero; ◯ the heat requirement of the heat consumer (300 _1..n ) is smaller than the amount of excess power that can be fed in, which is determined by the excess feed-in information provider (82); ◯ the temperature (T _ES ) of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ) is less than a maximum temperature (T _{ES_max} ) of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ); and ◯ the second temperature difference (ΔT ₂ ) exceeds the second threshold value (T _SW2 ) greater than zero; and/or - to switch from the first, third or fourth operating mode to the second operating mode if, in a second alternative, ◯ the temperature (T _ES ) of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ) is smaller than the minimum temperature (T _{ES_min} ) of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ); ◯ the heat consumer heat requirement sensor (38 _1..m ) indicates that the heat consumer (300 _1..n ) has a heat requirement greater than zero; and ◯ the second temperature difference (ΔT ₂ ) exceeds the second threshold value (T _SW2 ) greater than zero; and/or - to switch from the first, second or fourth operating mode to the third operating mode if, in a first alternative, ◯ the feed-in excess information provider (82) indicates that feed-in excess power is available which can be supplied to the heat source (80); ◯ the heat consumer heat requirement sensor (38 _1..m ) indicates that the heat consumer (300↓1..n↓) has no heat requirement; and ◯ the temperature (T _ES ) of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ) is smaller than a maximum temperature (T _{ES_max} ) of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ); and/or - to switch from the first, second or fourth operating mode to the third operating mode if, in a second alternative, ◯ the temperature (T _ES ) of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ) is smaller than the minimum temperature (T _{ES_min} ) of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ); and ◯ the heat consumer heat demand sensor (38 _1..m ) indicates that the heat consumer (300 _1..n ) has no heat demand; and/or - to switch from the first, second or third operating mode to the fourth operating mode if, according to a first set of conditions: ◯ the feed-in excess information provider (82) indicates that feed-in excess power is available which can be supplied to the heat source (80); ◯ the heat consumer heat requirement sensor (38 _1..m ) indicates that the heat consumer (300 _1..n ) has a heat requirement greater than zero; ◯ the heat requirement of the heat consumer (300↓1..n↓) is greater than the amount of excess power that can be fed in, which is determined by the excess feed-in information provider (82); and ◯ the temperature (T _ES ) of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ) is greater than or equal to the minimum temperature (T _{ES_min} ) of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ); and/or - to switch from the first, second or third operating mode to the fourth operating mode if, according to a second set of conditions: ◯ the feed-in excess information provider (82) indicates that feed-in excess power is available which can be supplied to the heat source (80); ◯ the heat consumer heat requirement sensor (38 _1..m ) indicates that the heat consumer (300 _1..n ) has a heat requirement greater than zero; ◯ the heat requirement of the heat consumer (300 _1..n ) is smaller than the amount of excess power that can be fed in, which is determined by the excess feed-in information provider (82); and ◯ the sum of the forecast excess energy that can be fed in in the forecast period and usable heat energy from the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ) is greater than the forecast heat requirement energy in the forecast period, whereby the usable heat energy from the electrical energy storage (200 _{1.. n} ) is a heat energy of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ), which corresponds to the third temperature difference (ΔT ₃ ) between the temperature (T _ES ) of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ) and the temperature (T _WA ) is assigned to the heat medium of the heat consumer (300 _1..n ); and/or - to switch from the first, second or third operating mode to the fourth operating mode if, according to a third set of conditions: ◯ the feed-in excess information provider (82) indicates that feed-in excess power is available which can be supplied to the heat source (80); ◯ the heat consumer heat requirement sensor (38 _1..m ) indicates that the heat consumer (300↓1..n↓) has a heat requirement greater than zero; ◯ the heat requirement of the heat consumer (300 _1..n ) is smaller than the amount of excess power that can be fed in, which is determined by the excess feed-in information provider (82); ◯ the temperature (T _ES ) of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ) is greater than or equal to the maximum temperature (T _{ES_max} ) of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ). Thermal coupling module (10) according to Claim 4 , wherein the control unit (92) is configured to additionally control the thermal coupling module (10) in a fifth operating mode in which no thermal energy from the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ) or from the heat source (80) into the heat transport medium ( 90) is fed in and in which optionally all of the valves are closed; and wherein the operating mode transition control unit (94) is designed to switch from the first, second, third or fourth operating mode to the fifth operating mode if, according to a fourth set of conditions, ◯ the feed surplus information provider (82) indicates that none excess power that can be fed in is available; and ◯ the heat consumer heat demand sensor (38 _1..m ) indicates that the heat consumer (300 _1..n ) has no heat demand; and/or wherein the operating mode transition control unit (94) is designed to switch from the first, second, third or fourth operating mode to the fifth operating mode if, according to a fifth set of conditions, ◯ the feed-in surplus information provider (82) indicates, that an excess power greater than zero that can be fed in is available and can be supplied to the heat source (80); ◯ the heat consumer heat requirement sensor (38 _1..m ) indicates that the heat consumer (300 _1..n ) has no heat requirement; and ◯ the temperature (T _ES ) of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ) is greater than or equal to the maximum temperature (T _{ES_max} ) of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ); and/or wherein the operating mode transition control unit (94) is designed to switch from the first, second, third or fourth operating mode to the fifth operating mode if, according to a sixth set of conditions, ◯ the feed-in surplus information provider (82) indicates, that an excess power greater than zero that can be fed in is available and can be supplied to the heat source (80); ◯ the heat consumer heat requirement sensor (38 _1..m ) indicates that the heat consumer (300 _1..n ) has no heat requirement; ◯ the temperature (T _ES ) of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ) is smaller than the maximum temperature (T _{ES_max} ) of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ); and ◯ the sum of the forecast excess energy that can be fed in in the forecast period and usable heat energy from the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ) is greater than the forecast heat requirement energy in the forecast period; and/or wherein the operating mode transition control unit (94) is designed from the first, second, third th or fourth operating mode to switch to the fifth operating mode if, according to a seventh set of conditions, ◯ the feed-in surplus information provider (82) indicates that no feed-in surplus power is available; ◯ the heat consumer heat requirement sensor (38 _1..m ) indicates that the heat consumer (300 _1..n ) has a heat requirement greater than zero; and ◯ the temperature T _ES of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ) less than or equal to the temperature T _WA of the heat medium of the heat consumer (300 _1..n ) and/or less than or equal to the minimum temperature T _{ES_min} of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ); and/or wherein the operating mode transition control unit (94) is designed to switch from the first, second, third or fourth operating mode to the fifth operating mode when the control unit (92) provides a safety-relevant error message and/or a maintenance signal as an input signal the thermal coupling module (10) receives. Thermal coupling module (10) according to Claim 4 or 5 , wherein the control unit (92) is designed to feed additional heat energy from an additional electrical power from the power network from the heat source (80) into the heat transport medium (90) when the heat requirement of the heat consumer (300 _1..n ) is greater than that Sum of the usable thermal energy of the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ) and the amount of excess energy that can be fed in from the excess power that can be fed in; and optionally wherein the operating mode transition control unit (94) is designed to switch from the fifth operating mode to a fourth operating mode when the seventh set of conditions in the thermal coupling module (10) is fulfilled. Thermal coupling system (100), comprising: at least one electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ); at least one heat consumer (300 _1..n ); and a thermal coupling module (10) according to one of Claims 1 until 6 for heat transfer between the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ) and the heat consumer (300 _1..n ). Thermal coupling system (100) after Claim 7 , wherein the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ) is designed to store thermal energy from the heat source (80) and / or thermal energy from the power loss of the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ) during electrical operation. Thermal coupling system (100) after Claim 7 or 8th , wherein the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ) has a lithium-ion battery and the energy storage heat exchanger (20 _1..n ) is configured as a temperature control system of the lithium-ion battery. Thermal coupling system (100) according to one of the Claims 7 until 9 , wherein the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ) has a flow battery, in particular a redox flow battery and preferably a vanadium redox flow battery. Thermal coupling system (100) after Claim 10 , wherein the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ), the heat transport medium (90) of the thermal coupling module (10) and the heat medium of the heat collector (300 _1..n ) are each a liquid medium; wherein the thermal coupling system (100) is configured such that the pressure in the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ) is smaller than the pressure in the heat transport medium (90) and the pressure in the heat transport medium (90) is smaller than the pressure in the heat medium of the heat consumer (300 _1..n ); wherein at least one sensor from the heat consumer heat exchanger input sensor (48 _1..m ), heat consumer heat exchanger output sensor (49 _1..m ), energy storage heat exchanger input sensor (54 _1..n ) , energy storage heat exchanger output sensor (56 _1..n ), heat source input sensor (84) and heat source output sensor (86) are additionally designed to determine measured values of a pressure in the heat transport medium (90); and/or wherein at least the energy storage heat exchanger output sensor (56 _1..n ) or at least the heat source input sensor (84) is additionally designed to receive measured values of a pH value and/or a conductivity in the heat transport medium (90) to determine; and/or wherein at least the energy storage sensor (26 _1..n ) is additionally designed to determine measured values of a pressure in the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ); wherein the operating mode transition control unit (94) is designed to switch from the first, second, third or fourth operating mode to the fifth operating mode and the control unit (92) is designed to provide a further supply of thermal and electrical energy to the thermal coupling system ( 100) to prevent if ◯ an amount of a pressure change in the heat transport medium (90) exceeds a first pressure change threshold; and/or ◯ an amount of a pH change in the heat transport medium (90) exceeds a pH change threshold; and or ◯ an amount of a conductivity change in the heat transport medium (90) exceeds a conductivity change threshold; and/or ◯ an amount of a pressure change in the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ) exceeds a second pressure change threshold; and/or wherein a thermal switch in the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ) is designed to prevent further supply of thermal and electrical energy to the thermal coupling system (100) when the temperature (T _ES ) of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ) is greater than or equal to a predetermined emergency stop temperature ( _{TES_Notaus} ), whereby the emergency stop temperature ( _{TES_Notaus} ) is greater than the maximum temperature ( _{TES_max} ) of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ). . Thermal coupling system (100) according to one of the Claims 7 until 11 , wherein the control unit (92) is designed to regulate the temperature (T _ES ) of the heat storage medium of the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ) via the energy storage heat exchanger (20 _1..n ) in such a way that the temperature (T _ES ) of the heat storage medium does not exceed a predetermined maximum temperature (T _{ES_max} ) of the heat storage medium, wherein the maximum temperature (T _{ES_max} ) is preferably a temperature in the range of 30 ° C and 60 ° C, and more preferably is about 40 ° C; and optionally that the temperature (T _ES ) of the heat storage medium of the at least one flow battery Claim 10 does not fall below a predetermined minimum temperature (T _{ES_min} ) of the heat storage medium, wherein the minimum temperature (T _{ES_min} ) is preferably a temperature in the range of 5 ° C and 20 ° C, and more preferably is about 10 ° C. Thermal coupling system (100) according to one of the Claims 7 until 12 , wherein the heat consumer (300 _1..n ) has a heat storage (302 _1..n ), in particular a hot water storage, for storing thermal energy, which has a cold water inlet (304 _1..n ); and optionally, the control unit (92) is designed to control the temperature in the cold water inlet (304 _1..n ) and/or in the heat storage (302 _1..n ) for a predetermined period of time via the heat consumer heat exchanger (30 _{1.. m} ) to be regulated in such a way that the temperature reaches a minimum temperature for treating water, especially drinking water. Method for heat transfer between at least one electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ), a thermal coupling module (10) comprising a heat source (80) and at least one heat collector (300 _1..n ), the method having four operating modes with the following steps: Transferring thermal energy in a first operating mode from the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ) and/or the heat source (80) to the heat collector (300 _1..n ); Transferring thermal energy in a second operating mode from the heat source (80) to the heat consumer (300 _1..n ) and to the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ); Transferring thermal energy in a third operating mode from the heat source (80) to the electrical energy storage (200 _1..n ); and transferring thermal energy in a fourth operating mode from the heat source (80) to the heat consumer (300 _1..n ); wherein the thermal coupling module is a thermal coupling module according to one of Claims 1 until 6 is.

Images