DE102009019607A1 - Vehicle e.g. hybrid vehicle, has air-conditioning device that is operated to heat or cool passenger compartment for maintaining actual temperature of compartment within predetermined temperature range - Google Patents

Abstract

The vehicle has a passenger compartment air-conditioning device (2) and an energy storage (3) thermally coupled with one another such that actual temperature of a passenger compartment (1) is maintained within a predetermined temperature range under admission of thermal energy i.e. waste heat, of the storage or under delivery of thermal energy of the passenger compartment to the storage. The air-conditioning device is operated to heat or cool the passenger compartment for maintaining the actual temperature of the compartment within the predetermined temperature range. An independent claim is also included for a method for operating a vehicle.

Description

The The invention relates to a vehicle having a passenger compartment, an energy store for supplying electrically operated components of the vehicle and a device for air conditioning of the passenger compartment. The The invention further relates to a method for operating such Vehicle.

vehicles with an electric drive should either operate as long as possible can be or one as possible size Cover the route can. Vehicles with an electric drive are, for example, hybrid vehicles (HEV = Hybrid Electric Vehicle or PHEV = Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle) or pure electric vehicles (BEV = Battery Electric Vehicle). Especially with the latter need Components or functions used in conventional vehicles Operation of an internal combustion engine are coupled, alternatively to be provided. Typically, all components or Functions from an energy storage, eg. B. a (traction) battery, provided.

While in usual Vehicles with an internal combustion engine for air conditioning Passenger compartment mechanically driven compressors are used, For electric vehicles, the compressor is electric operated. For example, to heat the passenger compartment PTC elements used. For air conditioning of the passenger compartment is also the use of an electric water heater for conditioning of water or a mixture of refrigerants or the use of Peltier elements known.

adversely the electrical operation of the components listed by way of example is that by converting electrical energy into thermal energy State of charge of the energy storage indirectly or directly influenced becomes. This has the consequence that the available for driving Energy is reduced. By using electrical energy for air conditioning tasks In a vehicle, this results in increased consumption on the one hand and on the other hand, a limited electrical function in terms the range of electric driving or the duration of an engine stop phase with a corresponding automatic. In addition, the electric Range depends on environmental conditions. The greater the temperature difference between a temperature to be reached in the passenger compartment and the outside temperature is, the lower the range of the vehicle.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a vehicle an electric drive and a method for operating a Specify vehicle in which the air conditioning of a passenger compartment the vehicle to a lower energy consumption and thus to results in an improved range of the vehicle.

These Task is solved by a vehicle having the features of claim 1 and a method for operating a vehicle with the features of Claim 15. Advantageous embodiments emerge the dependent Claims.

The Invention provides a vehicle with a passenger compartment, an energy storage for supplying electrically operated components of the vehicle and a device for air conditioning of the passenger compartment. One Energy storage in the context of the invention is an energy storage for Provision of electrical energy. In particular, an energy store comprises a rechargeable battery, in particular a traction battery module, how this is used in hybrid or battery powered vehicles. The device for air conditioning of the passenger compartment receives its Energy in particular from the energy storage and includes all Components for heating and / or cooling of the passenger compartment. For example, such a device comprises an electrically powered air conditioning compressor, one or more PTC elements and the same. At least the device for air conditioning of the Passenger compartment and the energy storage are according to the invention for replacement a cooling medium thermally coupled together. The thermal coupling is such that an actual Temperature of the passenger compartment taking up thermal energy, especially waste heat, the energy storage or under release of thermal energy of the passenger compartment to the energy store within a predetermined temperature range can be held until reaching an upper threshold temperature the temperature range or when reaching a lower threshold temperature the temperature range the device for air conditioning to heat the cooling of the passenger compartment must be put into operation to the actual Temperature of the passenger compartment within the specified temperature range to keep.

In a method according to the invention for operating a vehicle, which comprises a passenger compartment, an energy store for supplying electrical components of the vehicle and a device for air conditioning of the passenger compartment, wherein at least the device of the air conditioning of the passenger compartment and the energy store for exchanging a cooling medium are thermally coupled together , Thermal energy, in particular waste heat, the energy storage is added and to the device for air conditioning emitted from the passenger compartment and / or the passenger compartment or thermal energy of the passenger compartment to the energy storage and / or the device for air conditioning of the passenger compartment, as long as an actual temperature of the passenger compartment is within a predetermined temperature range. The air conditioning device is operated to heat or cool the passenger compartment when the actual cabin temperature reaches an upper threshold temperature or a lower threshold temperature range to maintain the actual cabin temperature within the predetermined temperature range.

Of the Invention is the consideration reason that the energy store is in a preferred temperature band is operated. When exceeding one upper threshold temperature may be irreversible damage to fear the energy storage. This means that active cooling of the energy storage above the upper threshold temperature is required. at too low temperatures, d. H. below a lower threshold temperature is the electrical power output of the energy storage thermal limited, so that the energy store may be heated or but its electrical function must be restricted. Likewise are in the conditioning of the vehicle interior, d. H. of the passenger compartment, typical Temperature ranges, z. B. between 18 and 24 ° C, can be found. This "feel-good temperature range" or predetermined Temperature range of the passenger compartment is within the preferred temperature band of the energy store. By the thermal coupling of at least the device for air conditioning of the passenger compartment and the energy storage takes place a thermal shortcut of the passenger compartment with the energy storage, whereby the given Temperature range of the passenger compartment for a long time without assistance of components for heating or cooling the Passenger compartment can be maintained. It can thus the Availability significantly increased by electrical functions in the vehicle, by the air conditioning of the passenger compartment and the thermal conditioning of the energy storage are linked together. In particular, will exploited here that both the passenger compartment and the energy storage a thermal inertia which, depending on the requirement, for influencing the temperature the passenger compartment or the energy storage is used.

hereby This results in an increase in the so-called tank-to-wheel efficiency electrically operated vehicles, such as the hybrid or battery electric vehicles. An inventive vehicle has an increased electric range on. allows This is achieved through synergy of subcomponents of the vehicle. A positive side effect is that the energy store is in one preferred temperature range can be kept during loading and unloading, whereby its life can be increased. Another The advantage is that the provided by the energy storage Energy content optimal for Driving features is exploited, taking care for the provision of air conditioning functions no oversizing the energy storage needs to be made.

As already clear from the foregoing description the electrically operated components in particular an electrical Drive. About that In addition, it is provided that the device for air conditioning of Passenger compartment for their operation from the energy storage can be fed is.

According to one appropriate embodiment the device for air conditioning of the passenger compartment and the energy storage coupled together so that the means for air conditioning of the Passenger compartment for conditioning the energy storage usable is. Under a conditioning of the energy storage is a Pre-tempering in dependence of predetermined parameters, such. B. an ambient temperature, Understood. By conditioning the energy storage can be ensured that the air conditioning of the passenger compartment one possible long time without the addition of components for heating or cooling the Passenger compartment possible is. This requires for the supplied from the energy storage components no energy be removed, which increases the range of the vehicle can.

Conveniently, includes the vehicle according to the invention a non-powered from the energy storage additional heat source, which for conditioning formed of the energy storage and / or air conditioning of the passenger compartment is. With such an additional heat source For example, it can be a range extender (power converter). an internal combustion engine or a fuel additive heater act.

Conveniently, the vehicle comprises a device for monitoring the state of charge of the energy storage, which is designed such that when it falls below a minimum state of charge of the energy storage, the conditioning of the energy storage is prevented. This is to ensure that the energy storage is not damaged by too large a discharge. On the other hand, this can take into account the fact that driving functions are facing Air conditioning or comfort functions have priority.

It is still appropriate if Furthermore, the passenger compartment and the energy storage for the exchange of cooling medium thermally coupled together. For example, at a such coupling the energy storage cooling cooling medium directly into the passenger compartment guided to warm it up. It needs the cooling medium no over the device for air conditioning of the passenger compartment passed to become.

It it is further provided that the device for air conditioning of Passenger compartment and / or the passenger compartment with the energy storage is coupled such that the cooling medium directly or with the interposition of a heat exchanger between the energy storage and the device for air conditioning of the passenger compartment and / or the passenger compartment is interchangeable. Whether a direct exchange of the cooling medium takes place between said components or a heat exchanger is interposed, for example, depending on the cooling medium used be. Come as a cooling medium in addition to air, for example, liquid cooling media in question, which the energy stored in you a heat exchanger can deliver to the passenger compartment.

It is still appropriate if the vehicle has a temperature sensor for detecting an ambient temperature of the vehicle, which as a controlled variable for a target temperature of the passenger compartment and / or the energy storage is processable. In particular at a first, high ambient temperature, a first, low Target temperature of the energy storage and at one compared to the first ambient temperature low second ambient temperature compared to the first one Target temperature higher, second desired temperature of the energy storage provided. Through this Embodiment is the adjustment of the operating temperature of the energy storage from the outside temperature dependent made. Optionally, in addition the desired temperature of the passenger compartment are taken into account. This approach allows the air conditioning function of heating or cooling by the energy storage even longer can be maintained, since the function designed climate-dependent is.

According to one In another embodiment, the energy store comprises a phase transition material. In particular, you can Memory cells of the energy storage surrounded by the phase change material be. Conveniently, has the phase transition material a phase transition at the for the air conditioning of the passenger compartment required temperature. As a result, the functions of a latent heat storage and the energy storage linked together. Phase change materials are characterized by the fact that their latent heat of fusion, solution heat or absorption heat much bigger than that specific heat capacity of the same Quantity of a substance without phase transition is. Thus, you can the functions cooling and heating the passenger compartment via get the previously described operating method longer stay, reducing availability the electric driving function of the vehicle is increased.

It is still appropriate if the vehicle an interface for connecting the energy storage to a power grid during a Standstill phase of the vehicle includes, leaving the power grid taken energy through an energy distribution device to a the components is passed, which is a direct or indirect Conditioning the energy storage causes. For example, can in vehicles where before charging a recharge the energy storage through the external power grid, the preconditioning the energy store to a desired temperature already during the Charging done. The thermal conditioning can on the one hand out of the energy storage, whereby the availability of the Use of energy storage is further increased. alternative can be a thermal conditioning by the additional heat source respectively.

It is still appropriate if the energy store in spatial Close to Components of the device for air conditioning of the passenger compartment of the Vehicle is arranged. For example, the energy storage in the vehicle tunnel under and next to the seats instead of a drive shaft and exhaust system can be arranged. This is a spatial Proximity to Given climate cycle of the vehicle, causing thermal losses can be minimized and a particularly effective air conditioning of the passenger compartment is made possible.

The Invention will become more apparent below explained with reference to the figures. Show it:

1 a schematic representation of the temperatures occurring in a vehicle of an energy storage, an air conditioning circuit and a vehicle compartment and their relation to each other,

2a a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a vehicle according to the invention,

2 B a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a vehicle according to the invention,

3 a time-temperature diagram of the summer vehicle,

4 a time-temperature diagram of the winter-powered vehicle,

5 a first embodiment of an insertable in a vehicle according to the invention energy storage, and

6 A second embodiment of an insertable in a vehicle according to the invention energy storage.

In Vehicles with an electric drive, z. A hybrid vehicle, Plug-in hybrid vehicle or a pure electric vehicle, become electric energy storage used to temporarily store the electrical energy in the drive train. Currently used battery technologies are z. For example, lithium ion, Nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lithium polymer batteries or capacitors (eg so-called SuperCaps or UltraCaps). These storage technologies Compared to conventional lead acid or lead gel batteries Benefits in terms of Weight, volume and cycle resistance. Depending on the application the energy stores are on the delivery of high benefits or optimized the storage of high energy quantities. In general will be the energy stores are designed for voltages between 150 and 600 V, around the currents occurring during operation of the vehicle in manageable Areas to hold.

Either in batteries as well as capacitors can single memory cells electrically connected to a battery or capacitor module become. To achieve desired voltages, Achievements and energies can individual memory cells are connected in series and / or in parallel. The efficiency An energy store may be due to the geometry of the individual storage cells to be influenced.

As is known, a charging and discharging process of the energy accumulator is associated with a thermal efficiency. This is due to various factors, such. As the occurring current, temperature or the state of charge of the energy storage dependent. The waste heat generated during use must be actively led out of the energy store if the heat dissipation, eg. B. by convection, on the battery case is no longer sufficient. If an upper temperature threshold T _o (B) is reached when using the energy storage, which is dependent on the battery technology used, this can lead to damage to the memory cells of the energy storage. Under certain circumstances, when the upper temperature threshold T _o (B) is exceeded, cooling measures are required in addition to a functional restriction. Air-cooled and / or liquid-cooled systems can be used for this purpose.

In addition to the upper temperature threshold T _o (B) of an energy store, a lower temperature threshold T _u (B) of the energy store must also be taken into account. Falling below this limit, the operation of the energy storage may be limited due to a low power output under certain circumstances. Depending on the battery technology used, a preferred temperature band thus results for the energy store between the lower temperature threshold value T _u (B) and the upper temperature threshold value T _o (B). This is schematically in 1 shown.

In contrast, during the conditioning of a passenger compartment of the vehicle, a typical temperature range is found, which lies between T _u (FGR) and T _o (FGR). This temperature range is referred to as a "comfort zone" or predetermined temperature range T (W). The temperature range T (W) is within the temperature band of the energy store. A device provided in the vehicle for the air conditioning of the passenger compartment can be operated between a lower temperature value T _u (K) and an upper temperature value T _o (K).

Lies the actual Temperature of the passenger compartment outside the limits of the temperature range T (W), so has a cooling or heating the passenger compartment done. This can be done by one hand the active operation of the passenger compartment air conditioning system, z. B. by the use of an electrically operated air conditioning compressor or a PTC element. However, this is an energy extraction required from the energy store, so that the extracted energy for the function of electric driving is then no longer available.

In a vehicle according to the invention, therefore, a combination of the air conditioning of the passenger compartment of the vehicle and the thermal conditioning of the energy storage takes place. In order to maintain the temperature range T (W) in the passenger compartment without active operation of the device for air conditioning, therefore, the thermal inertia of a preferably thermally preconditioned energy storage is used. Likewise, the thermal inertia of the passenger compartment within the temperature range T (W) can be used to buffer a temperature of the energy store. The temperatures in the passenger compartment and the battery are conducted in a temperature range until either the upper or lower temperature threshold of the temperature range T (W) be the air conditioning of the passenger compartment must be exceeded or the energy store must be conditioned for its operation in order to be able to maintain the actual temperature within the temperature range T (W).

conditioning the energy storage means a pre-tempering in dependence of predetermined parameters, in particular an ambient temperature of the vehicle. The conditioning of the energy storage, for example, by the components of the passenger compartment air conditioning system, as the already mentioned electrically operated air conditioning compressor or PTC elements. A conditioning of the energy storage is possible, too, by the energy storage of the vehicle via an interface to a Power supply network during a standstill phase is connected, the from the power grid taken energy through an energy distribution device to one of those Components is passed, which is the conditioning of the energy storage cause. The conditioning can directly, d. H. by means of electrical Energy, or indirectly over one of the components for air conditioning of the passenger compartment done. The conditioning of the energy storage allows the actual Temperature within the predetermined temperature range T (W) too to hold or to lead. The longer this possible is, the more energy stands for the driving of the vehicle available, because the active operation a component for heating or cooling of the passenger compartment is not required. A shutdown criterion for the operation the conditioning of the energy storage during operation of the vehicle For example, reaching an acceptable minimum state of charge of the energy store.

The 2a and 2 B each show in a schematic representation possible design variants of a vehicle according to the invention. To implement the invention, the vehicle essentially comprises a passenger compartment 1 , An institution 2 for air conditioning with one or more electrically operated components for heating or cooling the passenger compartment and an energy storage 3 of the type described above. Compared to the first embodiment in 2a includes the second embodiment in 2 B In addition, an additional heat source 4 , such as As a range extender (power converter), an internal combustion engine or a fuel-powered heater. The additional heat source 4 serves the primary purpose of increasing the range of the electrically powered vehicle. The additional heat source can be integrated into the thermal balance of the energy store and used for conditioning, ie pre-conditioning of the energy store.

In the 2a and 2 B in each case the thermal paths provided according to the invention between the individual components are shown. To realize a vehicle according to the invention, a thermal coupling between the energy storage 3 and the device for air conditioning 2 (see thermal paths 100 . 101 ) as well as a thermal coupling between the device for air conditioning 2 and the passenger compartment 1 (see thermal paths 102 . 103 ) intended. A direct thermal coupling between the energy storage 3 and the passenger compartment 1 over the thermal paths 104 . 105 is optional. One with 106 characterized thermal path which between a vent 5 of the passenger compartment 1 and the environment is formed is typically provided on each vehicle.

About the thermal path 100 can be passed through the device for air conditioning 2 the energy store 3 condition. The thermal path 101 in conjunction with the thermal path 102 The purpose of this is to condition the passenger compartment 1 about the device for air conditioning 2 , The thermal path 103 , which from the passenger compartment 1 to the device for air conditioning 2 leads, allows a recirculation mode of the air conditioning system. About the thermal paths 104 . 105 can be a thermal conditioning of the energy module on the in the passenger compartment 1 contained thermal energy done. The thermal path 105 In contrast, allows the conditioning of the passenger compartment directly from the energy storage. While as a cooling medium for the thermal paths 102 . 103 . 104 . 105 Air in essence can be used as a cooling medium for the thermal paths 100 . 101 in addition to air also z. As a liquid can be used.

The in the second embodiment according to 2 B around the additional heat source 4 supplemented vehicle also has a thermal path 107 for the conditioning of the energy storage 3 over the heat source 4 and a thermal path 108 for conditioning the interior via the heat source 4 on. As a cooling medium for the thermal path 108 air comes into consideration again. The conditioning of the energy storage 3 through the heat source 4 can also be done with other cooling media.

The concrete technical solution for creating the thermal coupling of the energy storage 3 with the device for air conditioning 2 and thus the passenger compartment is based on the choice of the cooling medium and can be found easily for a specialist. As has been apparent from the foregoing description, it is always necessary to provide a thermal path which the return of comparatively colder or warmer cooling medium from the energy storage 3 about the device for air conditioning 2 to the passenger compartment 1 allows. By a colder cooling medium, the cooling function can be obtained. In contrast, the heating function for a longer period is made possible by a warmer cooling medium. As the cooling of the energy storage 3 In current realizations often air-based, the thermal coupling between energy storage 3 and the device for air conditioning 2 be readily realized by providing appropriate channels for guiding the air. This variant has the advantage that the passenger compartment is anyway heated or cooled by air, whereby a loss in a possibly required heat exchanger stage can be avoided. Nevertheless, the use of a heat exchanger is conceivable to prevent the air flowing around the energy storage directly into the passenger compartment.

The operation of the vehicle according to the invention is best from the 3 and 4 can be seen, in each of which a time-temperature profile for the passenger compartment and the battery is shown at different outdoor temperatures. It can be seen that the setting of the output temperature of the energy storage, for example, by the already mentioned pre-conditioning, expediently made dependent on the outside temperature. Optionally, the output temperature of the energy storage 3 additionally be made dependent on a climate change temperature of the passenger compartment. The setting of the operating temperature of the energy storage in dependence of at least the outside temperature makes it possible to maintain the buffering of the heating or cooling function by the energy storage over a relatively long period of time.

3 illustrates the situation in the summer. An ambient temperature T (U) is above a "comfort zone" in the passenger compartment whose limits are given by the upper threshold temperature T _o (FGR) and the lower threshold temperature T _u (FGR). The feel-good area thus corresponds to the predetermined temperature range that is to be achieved by the device for air conditioning inside the passenger compartment. In the exemplary embodiment shown, it is assumed that the driving function of the vehicle is provided via the electric drive at time t ₁ . The manner in which the driving operation took place before t ₁ is irrelevant to the mode of operation of the vehicle according to the invention. For example, in a hybrid vehicle, the driving function could be performed by the internal combustion engine.

The actual temperature in the passenger compartment of the vehicle is indicated by T (FGR). Due to the higher ambient temperature T (U), the actual temperature in the passenger compartment T (FGR) would gradually increase without further action of the air conditioning device. This is indicated by the curve labeled "without battery backup". As soon as the actual temperature of the passenger compartment T (FGR) exceeds the upper temperature threshold T _o (FGR) at the point t ₃ at the point marked A, in a conventional vehicle a component of the device for air conditioning of the passenger compartment would take cooling energy from the energy store of the passenger compartment to keep the actual temperature T (FGR) within the "comfort zone" and thus below the upper threshold temperature T _o (FGR) (not shown). The energy required for the air conditioning function is thus no longer available for the driving function by the electric drive. In other words, this means that the range in the electrical operation can be considerably shortened by the use of the device for air conditioning. The size of the energy removal depends essentially on the difference of the ambient temperature T (U) and the upper threshold temperature T _o (FGR).

At time t ₁ , the energy store has a temperature T _St (BAT). The temperature T _St (BAT) is z. B. due to the preconditioning lower than the lower temperature threshold T _u (FGR). Without a thermal coupling of the energy storage device with the device for air conditioning or the passenger compartment, the temperature profile of the energy storage device would correspond to the curve labeled "without battery backup". Due to the considerably higher ambient temperature T (U) and a discharge or charging process due to recuperation, the temperature of the energy store would rise slowly.

The course of the temperatures of the passenger compartment T (FGR) and the energy store T _St (BAT) in a vehicle according to the invention are each marked by the inscription "with battery buffering". By the thermal coupling of the energy storage 3 and the device for air conditioning 2 and thus the passenger compartment 1 the temperature rise in the passenger compartment can be slowed down. This is done by a cooling medium is guided past the cooler energy storage, which thereby comparatively heated more. This compared to the passenger compartment cooler cooling medium is the device for air conditioning 2 or directly to the passenger compartment 1 supplied, so that the actual temperature of the passenger compartment T (FGR) reaches the upper threshold temperature T _o (FGR) until a later time, namely t ₂ . Only at this time the operation of an electrically operated component of the device for air conditioning is necessary. The inventively designed vehicle can therefore operate the time between t ₃ and t ₄ without the active operation of the device for air conditioning, which can increase the range in electric driving.

4 shows the corresponding time-temperature diagram in winter. Accordingly, the ambient temperature T (U) is less than the lower temperature threshold T _u (FGR) of the comfort zone of the passenger compartment. In order to be able to delay the active operation of the device for air conditioning as long as possible, therefore, the energy storage is preconditioned to a temperature T (BAT), which is above the upper threshold temperature T _o (FGR) of Wohlfühlbereich or predetermined temperature range. The corresponding temperature profiles of the energy store and the passenger compartment T (BAT) and T (FGR) in a vehicle according to the invention and a conventional one are respectively characterized by "with battery backup" or "without battery backup".

As can readily be seen, the temperature of the passenger compartment T (FGR) without battery backup already reaches the lower threshold temperature T _u (FGR) at time t ₄ at the point marked B, so that heating of the passenger compartment by the device for air conditioning Energy extraction from the energy storage is required. Despite charging and discharging the temperature of the battery T (BAT) decreases due to the low ambient temperature T (U) without inventive thermal coupling of the components described.

In contrast, the drop in the temperature of the passenger compartment T (FGR) in a vehicle according to the invention ("with battery backup") can be slowed down by using the waste heat of the energy store to heat the passenger compartment. The temperature of the passenger compartment T (FGR) therefore only reaches the lower threshold temperature T _u (FGR) at time t ₂ , from which onward heating is required. Between t ₄ and t ₂ results in a vehicle according to the invention an energetic gain, which can benefit the driving function.

From the time-temperature diagrams of the 3 and 4 It can be seen that an energy storage in the summer can maintain the air conditioning of the passenger compartment for a longer time at a low battery temperature than an energy storage device with a relatively higher battery temperature. In winter operation, however, the energy storage with a high battery temperature longer can maintain the heating of the passenger compartment as a comparatively colder energy storage.

A further, energetic improvement results when memory cells 12 , the energy storage are stored in a phase change material, which is characterized by a phase transition at the temperature required for the air conditioning of the passenger compartment. This is schematic in the 5 and 6 shown. There are six memory cells each by way of example 12 in a housing 11 an energy store 10 stored. With 13 is a trained in the form of a finned tube heat exchanger with external flow of a cooling medium through the housing 11 of the energy store 10 passed.

Inside the case 11 is arranged a phase change material, which in 5 in the area of the heat exchanger 13 has a gaseous phase of the phase change material. In the with 14 marked area of the housing, the phase change material on the other hand, a liquid phase.

In 6 has the phase change material in the 15 marked area a solid or liquid phase with phase transition, while a second component in the with 14 designated area comprises a liquid phase for heat transfer.

hereby are the functions of a latent heat storage and an energy storage directly linked. Phase transition materials in Latent heat storage are characterized by the fact that their latent heat of fusion, solution heat or absorption heat much larger than the specific heat capacity of the same Amount of a substance without phase transformation is. Thus, the Functions Cooling and heating over get the previously described operating procedures longer stay, which increases the availability of the electrical functions increases.

Around the efficiency of the vehicle according to the invention continue to improve, it is still appropriate if the energy storage as close as possible arranged on the components of the device for air conditioning is. While in today's electrically powered vehicles, the energy storage predominantly can be found in the rear of the vehicle, it may be expedient for the invention, the energy storage in the vehicle tunnel under and next to the seats to provide instead of the drive shaft and exhaust system arranged there. This is the spatial Close to the components of the device for air conditioning of the vehicle given.

1

passenger compartment

2

Facility for air conditioning

3

energy storage

4

heat source

5

vent

10

energy storage

11

casing

12

memory cells

13

finned tube

14

Phase change material (in first phase)

15

Phase change material (in second phase)

100

thermal Path for Conditioning the energy storage

101

thermal Path for recovery conditioning

102

thermal Path for Conditioning of the interior

103

thermal Path for recovery conditioning

104

thermal Path for Conditioning the energy storage

105

thermal Path for recovery conditioning

106

thermal Path for vent

107

thermal Path for Conditioning of the energy storage via heat source

108

thermal Path for Conditioning of the interior

T

temperature

T (W)

given Temperature range ("comfort zone")

T (BAT)

temperature of the energy store

T (FGR)

actual Temperature of the passenger compartment

T _u (FGR)

lower Threshold temperature of the passenger compartment

T _o (FGR)

upper Threshold temperature of the passenger compartment

T _u (K)

lower Threshold temperature of the air conditioning system

_To (K)

upper Threshold temperature of the air conditioning system

T _u (B)

lower Threshold temperature of the energy storage

_To (B)

upper Threshold temperature of the energy storage

t ₁

Start time of electric driving

t ₂

Start time of heating / cooling over the Device for air conditioning

t ₃

Start time of cooling over the Device for air conditioning

t ₄

Start time of cooling over the Device for air conditioning

T (U)

ambient temperature

Claims (15)

Vehicle with a passenger compartment ( 1 ), an energy store ( 3 ) for supplying electrically operated components of the vehicle and a device ( 2 ) for the air conditioning of the passenger compartment ( 1 ), where at least the facility ( 2 ) for the air conditioning of the passenger compartment ( 1 ) and the energy storage ( 3 ) are thermally coupled with each other for exchanging a cooling medium such that an actual temperature (T (FGR)) of the passenger compartment ( 1 ) taking up thermal energy, in particular waste heat, of the energy store ( 3 ) or by releasing thermal energy of the passenger compartment ( 1 ) to the energy store ( 3 ) can be maintained within a predetermined temperature range (T (W)) until reaching an upper (T _o (FGR)) threshold temperature of the temperature range (T (W)) or upon reaching a lower (T _u (FGR)) threshold temperature of the temperature range (T (W)) the facility ( 2 ) for air conditioning to warm or cool the passenger compartment ( 1 ) must be put into service to determine the actual temperature of the passenger compartment ( 1 ) within the specified temperature range. Vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the electric operated components include an electric drive. Vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, in which the device ( 2 ) for the air conditioning of the passenger compartment ( 1 ) for their operation from the energy store ( 3 ) is fed. Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, in which the device ( 2 ) for the air conditioning of the passenger compartment ( 1 ) and the energy storage ( 3 ) are coupled together in such a way that the device ( 2 ) for the air conditioning of the passenger compartment ( 1 ) for conditioning the energy store ( 3 ) is usable. Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, in which this one does not consist of the energy store ( 3 ) fed additional heat source ( 4 ) which is used to condition the energy store ( 3 ) and / or air conditioning of the passenger compartment ( 1 ) is trained. Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, in which it comprises means for monitoring the state of charge of the energy store ( 3 ), which is designed such that when it falls below a minimum state of charge of the energy store ( 3 ) the conditioning of the energy store ( 3 ) is prevented. Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, in which the passenger compartment ( 1 ) and their energy storage ( 3 ) are thermally coupled together to exchange the cooling medium. Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, in which the device ( 2 ) for the air conditioning of the passenger compartment ( 1 ) and / or the passenger compartment ( 1 ) with the energy store ( 3 ) is coupled such that the cooling medium directly or with the interposition of a heat exchanger between the energy storage ( 3 ) and the institution ( 2 ) for the air conditioning of the passenger compartment ( 1 ) and / or the passenger compartment ( 1 ) is interchangeable. Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, wherein it comprises a temperature sensor for detecting an ambient temperature of the vehicle, which is used as a control variable for a target temperature of the passenger compartment ( 1 ) and / or the energy store ( 3 ) is processable. Vehicle according to Claim 9, in which, at a first, high ambient temperature, a first, low nominal temperature of the energy store ( 3 ) and at a second ambient temperature, which is lower than the first ambient temperature, a second setpoint temperature of the energy store which is higher than the first setpoint temperature (US Pat. 3 ) is provided. Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, in which the energy store ( 3 ) comprises a phase change material. Vehicle according to claim 11, in which the phase change material has a phase transition at the air conditioning of the passenger compartment ( 1 ) has required temperature. Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, in which the latter has an interface for connecting the energy store ( 3 ) is supplied to a power grid during a stoppage phase of the vehicle, wherein energy taken from the power grid is passed through an energy distribution device to one of the components which direct or indirect conditioning of the energy store ( 3 ) causes. Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, in which the energy store ( 3 ) is arranged in spatial proximity to components of the device for air conditioning of the passenger compartment of the vehicle. Method for operating a vehicle that has a passenger compartment ( 1 ), an energy store ( 3 ) for the supply of electrically operated components of the vehicle and a device ( 2 ) for the air conditioning of the passenger compartment ( 1 ), at least the device ( 2 ) for the air conditioning of the passenger compartment ( 1 ) and the energy storage ( 3 ) are thermally coupled to each other for exchanging a cooling medium, in which - thermal energy, in particular waste heat, of the energy store ( 3 ) and sent to the institution ( 2 ) for the air conditioning of the passenger compartment ( 1 ) and / or the passenger compartment ( 1 ) or thermal energy of the passenger compartment ( 1 ) to the energy store ( 3 ) and / or the device ( 2 ) for the air conditioning of the passenger compartment ( 1 ) as long as an actual temperature (T (FGR)) of the passenger compartment ( 1 ) is within a predetermined temperature range, - the device ( 2 ) for air conditioning to warm or cool the passenger compartment ( 1 ) is put into service when the actual temperature (T (FGR)) of the passenger compartment ( 1 ) reaches an upper (T _o (FGR)) threshold temperature or a lower (T _u (FGR)) threshold temperature of the temperature range to the actual temperature (T (FGR)) of the passenger compartment ( 1 ) within the predetermined temperature range (T (W)).