DE102022121811A1 - Bullet with reduced barrel loading - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a projectile for ammunition, in particular with a caliber of less than 20 mm, in particular less than 13 mm, comprising a projectile body with a tapering, in particular ogive-shaped, projectile front, which forms an outer skin of the projectile, and an adjoining projectile front , in particular substantially cylindrical, guide band, which is structured to form at least one cavity that is open to the outside, and a jacket surrounding the guide band, which is designed to deform when the projectile is fired in such a way that it escapes into the cavity, whereby the jacket is made of a harder material than the bullet body.

Description

The present invention relates to a projectile for ammunition, particularly for hunting, military and/or official purposes. For example, the caliber is less than 20 mm, in particular less than 13 mm. The present invention further relates to such ammunition and a method for producing projectiles according to the invention.

Pure lead has the advantage that it has excellent dry lubricating properties even as a solid material. Pure lead (bullet consists exclusively of it) cannot be used in modern weapon systems for several reasons. Here we always have to speak of a “conventional” jacket construction with a lead core as a “filling”. Lead bullets are only used in rimfire and air rifle applications. This minimizes friction in the barrel and achieves high projectile speed. Because the inner core of conventional jacket constructions (with a lead core) is very ductile, the field-tensile profile is easier to press in because the soft core gives way. Since all lead-free replacement materials are less ductile than lead, they offer more resistance to deformation and thus increase wear on the field-tension profile. The ductility of lead also ensures that it is reliably pressed into the tensile field profile in the firearm barrel, so that the firearm barrel is subjected to minimal stress. For ecological and health reasons, especially on practice shooting ranges, the use of lead as a material for bullets is becoming increasingly unsuitable. When choosing materials for bullets, there is a conflict of interest, particularly between good precision and flight range and environmental compatibility. Alternative materials to lead, such as tin, zinc, copper, have proven to be less suitable due to their low density, which would ensure better environmental compatibility, but would result in significant losses in terms of precision and flight range and terminal ballistics. Furthermore, alternative solutions as solid steel or brass projectiles also have decisive disadvantages in terms of barrel life and resistance to pressing through the firearm barrel. This results in unfavorable internal ballistics. Such solid-body projectiles, especially steel projectiles, have two massive disadvantages with regard to the surface and the barrel load. On the one hand, the base material is less ductile, which results in increased barrel loading, and on the other hand, steel (barrel) and steel (projectile) combinations are unsuitable from a tribological point of view.

A significant problem with bullets made with lead substitute materials is the build-up behavior in the firearm barrel and the high wear and tear on the firearm barrel, which degrades the performance of the bullets in terms of precision and velocity. The deposits and the high level of wear lead to a lot of cleaning effort on firearm barrels. Abrasive cleaning methods are particularly complex and become necessary when wear or deposits have reached a certain level.

Initial approaches to reducing the contact surface between the bullet and the firearm barrel and thus the barrel load are being pursued with the so-called guide band bullets known from the prior art, in which so-called relief grooves or guide bands are provided in the cylindrical area of the bullet, which are essentially exclusively connected to the Firearm barrel comes into contact. However, it has been found that the problem of abrasion of the bullet in the firearm barrel remains and that the firearm barrel is also subjected to exceptionally heavy wear, which in turn has a negative impact on precision in the short to medium term.

Furthermore, so-called sabot projectiles are known in the prior art, in which the described effect of barrel abrasion does not occur because the projectile is inserted into the sabot and therefore does not come into contact with the firearm barrel. After the bullet is fired, the sabot falls out of the gun barrel as waste. In any case, such constructions are not permitted in civilian or hunting use.

The US 9.47 0.494 B2 is concerned with reducing the effects of the rifle barrel's draw-field profile cutting into the bullet in terms of its aiming accuracy and performance. US 9.47 0.494 B2 proposes a multi-part projectile, which consists of two cores arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the projectile, which are circumferentially accommodated in a rear sleeve and have circumferential recesses on their outer circumference, into which the sleeve deforms when pressed through the firearm barrel in order to follow the contour of the cores to adapt. This means that when the bullet is fired, the sleeve is pressed radially inwards through the fields in the firearm barrel, so that the sleeve occupies the recesses in the cores. In this respect it is in US 9.47 0.494 B2 purely by chance, a constructive possibility was described to reduce the abrasion contact area between the bullet and the inner barrel of the firearm. In US 9.47 0.494 B2 was however The problem of increased bullet abrasion in the barrel and increased barrel load, especially when using alternative materials to lead, was not recognized.

An object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, in particular to provide a bullet with reduced barrel load and/or less barrel abrasion, in particular whose precision and/or speed is as far as possible not deteriorated compared to a lead bullet.

The task is solved by the subject matter of the independent claims.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, a projectile for ammunition, in particular with a caliber of less than 20mm, in particular of less than 13mm, is provided. The ammunition is in particular hunting and/or civilian ammunition.

The projectile comprises a projectile body with a tapering, in particular ogive-shaped, projectile front. It is clear that the front of the projectile tapers in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the projectile in the direction of flight or firing direction of the projectile. The front of the floor forms an outer skin of the floor. In other words, the front of the floor is not covered, but is exposed to the surroundings. The projectile body also has a, in particular essentially cylindrical, guide band adjoining the projectile front. The guide band can be designed to engage in the pull-field profile of a corresponding firearm barrel or to contact a jacket.

The guide band is structured to form at least one cavity that is open to the outside. This means that the guide band has structures, such as grooves, grooves, pockets, depressions or the like, which are open to the environment and, for example, are only closed off into a completely enclosed cavity when the projectile body has a jacket surrounding the guide band is combined, which is designed to deform when the projectile is fired in such a way that it can at least partially escape into the cavity. For example, the casing is so deformation-soft, or made of a material that is so deformation-soft, that the forces resulting from the firing of the projectile, which result from the projectile being forced through the firearm barrel, cause the casing to at least partially deform and become open Cavity structure in the guide belt can avoid. This crumple zone effect ensures that the absolute size of the outer surface of the casing, which is in frictional contact with the firearm barrel, is reduced, effectively resulting in a smaller friction surface and thus a lower frictional resistance, which ultimately has a positive effect on barrel abrasion and smearing in the barrel. An advantage of the structure of the projectile according to the invention is that the abrasion contact surface minimization occurs automatically, namely when firing as a result of the high forces acting.

According to a first aspect of the invention, the jacket consists of a harder material than the bullet body. Furthermore, the material of the jacket can be selected so that its tendency to smear the firearm barrel and to bake into the firearm barrel under the influence of temperature and / or pressure is lower than the tendency or property of the material of the bullet body. The bullet according to the invention allows two key findings and advantages according to the invention to be combined. On the one hand, the choice of a harder material for the jacket means that the material of the jacket is less likely to bake into the firearm barrel or smear it. However, this means that the harder material of the jacket yields less when pressed through as a result of the bullet being fired through the firearm barrel, so that abrasion on the firearm barrel or damage to the firearm barrel would be increased. In order to avoid this, the deformation of the jacket provided according to the invention is crucial. As already described, the escape of the casing into the cavity structures in the guide band reduces the relevant abrasion contact area and thus the total area of the bullet relevant for the abrasion of the firearm barrel, so that both the tendency for smearing or caking is reduced and the abrasion of the firearm barrel is not increased, in particular is reduced. Since no measures relevant to flight ballistics, such as geometric changes and/or projectile components, are necessary, the projectile according to the invention does not have to accept any losses in terms of precision and/or speed.

In an exemplary embodiment of the projectile according to the invention, the at least one cavity is designed in the manner of a winding with respect to the longitudinal axis of the projectile and/or spirally. In other words, the cavity runs in a coil or spiral shape on the outer surface of the guide band facing the environment in relation to the longitudinal axis of the projectile bullet body. According to an exemplary development, the spiral shape comprises at least one, in particular two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine or ten turns. It is clear that a material web of the projectile body delimiting the cavity in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the projectile is shaped according to the course of the cavity.

In a further exemplary embodiment of the projectile according to the invention, the jacket and the projectile body are designed such that the jacket is plastically deformed when the projectile is fired and the projectile body remains essentially undeformed. It is clear that minor deformations of the projectile body can occur when the casing is pressed into the cavity structure of the projectile body, particularly at the edges delimiting the cavities, but these are considerably smaller or hardly significant compared to the degree of deformation of the casing. For example, the jacket is flattened in particular plastically in the area of a support web that separates two adjacent cavities. In other words, the pressing of the bullet through the firearm barrel causes those jacket areas that are assigned to the cavities to move into the cavities, while those jacket areas that are assigned to the edges or material webs adjacent to the cavities are somewhat in particular plastically compressed.

According to a further exemplary embodiment of the projectile according to the invention, the total cavity volume defined by all cavities is in the range from 60% to 140% of the volume of the jacket that escapes into the cavities when fired. Thus, on the one hand, the projectile can be designed in such a way that even after the projectile has been pressed through the firearm barrel, a certain cavity area remains that is not occupied by the deformed jacket. On the other hand, the projectile can also be defined in such a way that the deformations of the casing also result in material displacement in the projectile body and/or that the cavity is completely covered or filled with the casing.

According to an exemplary development of the projectile according to the invention, a height transverse to the longitudinal direction of the projectile in the radial direction of the cavity corresponds to at least the height, in particular at least 105%, 110% or 115% of the height, of a field of a train-field profile of a firearm barrel intended for the ammunition. By coordinating the cavity height and field dimensions of the pull-field profile of the firearm barrel, the desired degree of possibility of the casing deflecting into the cavity structure can be set. This takes advantage of the knowledge that the field of the firearm barrel is largely responsible for how much casing material is displaced and thus also how much escape volume must be available for the displaced casing material in order to achieve the desired crumple zone effect .

In a further exemplary version of the projectile according to the invention, a particularly sharp-edged contour projection is provided in the area of a transition from the guide band to the projectile front, which forms a support shoulder on the projectile front side for the casing, which extends in particular essentially in the radial direction. The defined contour jump forms a predefined assembly and support position for a floor front end of the casing. Furthermore, by resting the casing on the contour jump, it can be ensured that when the projectile hits a target, the impact energy is transmitted directly into the casing, in particular without there being an axial relative movement between the casing and the projectile body.

According to an exemplary development of the projectile according to the invention, a maximum external dimension of the contour jump corresponds to a maximum external dimension of the jacket. This ensures that the contour jump is also guided in the pull-field profile of the barrel, in particular at the same time, and on the other hand does not affect the guidance of the casing in the pull-field profile of the firearm barrel. This simultaneous guidance also prevents the casing from twisting relative to the projectile body during the firing process. The anti-twist device ensures that the twist is effectively transferred from the tension field profile into the bullet.

In a further exemplary embodiment of the projectile according to the invention, in the area of a transition from the guide band to the projectile front, a support surface for the casing, which is in particular adjacent to the contour jump and is formed by an outside of the projectile body facing the environment, is inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis of the projectile. In particular, the support surface is inclined in such a way that the casing engages behind the projectile body, or the guide band, in the radial direction transverse to the direction of the longitudinal axis of the projectile. For example, a front jacket section is bent in particular conically radially inwards, in particular by cold forming. Due to the inclined contact surface of the projectile body for the jacket, it can be pressed onto the projectile body in such a way that a positive connection is achieved can go hand in hand, so that the holding forces between the casing and the bullet body are increased, so that it is more reliably ensured that the fastening of the casing and the bullet body can withstand the massive forces that accompany firing.

In a further exemplary embodiment of the projectile according to the invention, the projectile front, the guide band and possibly a projectile rear adjoining the guide band in the longitudinal direction of the projectile are made from one piece, in particular from copper or a copper alloy. The advantage of copper is that the material is closest to lead in many respects and is characterized by its good processing capabilities. In particular, similar precision and ballistic results can be achieved as with lead.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, which can be combined with the preceding aspects and exemplary embodiments, a projectile for ammunition is provided, in particular with a caliber of at most 20 mm, in particular at most 13 mm.

The projectile comprises a projectile body with a tapering, in particular ogive-shaped, projectile front. It is clear that the front of the projectile tapers in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the projectile in the direction of flight or firing direction of the projectile. The front of the floor forms an outer skin of the floor. In other words, the front of the floor is not covered, but is exposed to the surroundings. The projectile body further has a projectile rear adjoining the projectile front and a jacket encasing the projectile rear, which is shaped such that it covers at most 90%, in particular at most 80%, at most 70%, at most 60% or at most 50%, of the projectile body's outer surface. Because the bullet casing does not completely encase the rear of the bullet, but rather the bullet body is at least partially free to the surroundings, a reduction in abrasion contact area with respect to the firearm barrel is achieved, which leads to reduced barrel load and reduced barrel abrasion.

In a further exemplary embodiment of the projectile according to the invention, the jacket is designed in the manner of a winding with respect to the projectile steering axis and/or spirally. For example, the spiral shape has at least one, in particular at least two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine or ten, turns. The gradient can in particular decrease continuously in the direction of the rear of the projectile and/or the width of each winding section, viewed in the longitudinal direction of the projectile, can be at least 10% of the caliber diameter, in particular in the range of at least 0.5 mm to a maximum of 3 mm.

According to an exemplary development of the projectile according to the invention, the jacket has a hollow cylindrical shape with at least one, in particular at least two, three or four, particularly evenly distributed, bead-like depressions, particularly in the longitudinal direction of the projectile and/or radial direction. The plurality of depressions can also be designed such that they expose the projectile body to the surroundings.

According to an exemplary development of the projectile according to the invention, the recesses are open in the direction of the front of the projectile and/or in the direction of the rear of the projectile. In other words, the depressions have no boundary on their front side, which is oriented in the direction of the front of the floor, and/or on their rear side, which is oriented in the direction of the rear of the floor.

In a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention, one depression covers at least 0.5%, in particular at least 1%, at least 1.5% or at least 2%, of the projectile body's outer surface.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, which can be combined with the preceding aspects and exemplary embodiments, a projectile for ammunition is provided, in particular with a caliber of at most 20 mm, in particular at most 13 mm.

The projectile comprises a metallic projectile body made from one piece with a projectile front oriented in the firing direction and a projectile rear adjoining the projectile front, in which a deformation core is integrated, which consists of a softer, in particular deformation-softer, material than the projectile body. Due to the monolithic structure of the bullet, it can be manufactured particularly easily, in particular by purely forming measures, such as cold forming or deep drawing. When the projectile is pressed through the firearm barrel, the deformation core is designed to at least partially absorb the pressing force transmitted to the projectile by the field of a pull-field profile, in particular in that it can deflect, in particular in the radial direction, and in particular can be displaced, whereby abrasion contact area reduction is achieved, which leads to minimizing running load and minimizing running abrasion.

According to an exemplary development, the deformation core is 10% to 80% softer than the bullet body based on the Vickers hardness. The inventors of the present invention have identified this ratio with respect to Vickers hardness as particularly preferred with respect to the desired deformation behavior with regard to abrasion contact area reduction.

In a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the deformation core has a length in the longitudinal direction of the projectile of at least 30%, preferably at least 40%, at least 50% or at least 60%, of a longitudinal extent of the projectile body. The deformation core can be flush with a rear floor of the rear of the projectile, protrude outwards or be offset inwards.

In a further exemplary embodiment of the projectile according to the invention, the deformation core is produced by a casting or pressing process. Alternatively or additionally, its material can be a mixture of metal powder and plastic. For example, the deformation core is made lead-free, i.e. without the addition of lead. The plastic used can be able to absorb the metal content, particularly evenly. The plastic can also be chosen such that good processing is possible and the plastic is not too brittle.

According to an exemplary development of the bullet according to the invention, the mixture has between 85 percent by weight to 98 percent by weight of metal powder and / or between 2 percent by weight to 15 percent by weight of plastic. It was found that by means of the specific weight proportion of 2 to 15 percent by weight of plastic, an optimum density, in particular high density and ductility, is achieved, whereby improved precision can be achieved. The metal can be contained, for example, in an amount of 93 to 97 percent by weight, 94 to 96 percent by weight or about 95 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the deformation core. The presence of a high proportion of metal by weight increases the density of the bullet, which has a positive effect on precision.

In a further exemplary embodiment of the projectile according to the invention, the projectile body consists of a non-ferrous metal, in particular non-ferrous metal, in particular copper or a copper alloy. Alternatively or additionally, the bullet body has a hardness in the range from 30 HV to 300 HV, in particular in the range from 40 HV to 280 HV or in the range from 50 HV to 260 HV.

According to a further exemplary development of the projectile according to the invention, the casing is designed to move radially inwards when the projectile is fired and to form a non-positive and / or positive connection with the projectile body. The connection can be achieved by material displacement of the projectile body or by an existing geometric structure that allows the casing to be deformed, in particular to yield, into a corresponding shape in the projectile body.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, which can be combined with the preceding aspects and exemplary embodiments, a projectile for ammunition, in particular with a caliber of at most 20 mm, in particular of at most 13 mm, is provided.

The projectile comprises a projectile body with a projectile front oriented in the firing direction and a projectile rear adjoining the projectile front with a cavity, in particular concentric, inserted at the rear and a jacket delimiting the cavity for engaging in a pull-field profile of the firearm barrel. The casing is designed to be deformable, in particular deformation-soft, in such a way that it is displaced into the cavity by the tensile field profile when the projectile is fired. Furthermore, it can be provided that the material of the jacket is softer to deformation than the projectile body material. For example, it is a projectile made from one piece, in particular a so-called monolith. Due to the cavity or free space present in the area of the engagement profile with the tensile field profile of the firearm barrel, there is an escape option when the bullet is forced through the firearm barrel, which is realized by a particularly radial deformation, which causes the jacket surrounding the cavity to be able to escape , so that the abrasion contact area in contact with the firearm barrel is reduced.

In an exemplary development of the projectile according to the invention, a height in the radial direction of the cavity corresponds to at least the height, in particular at least 105%, 110% or at least 115% of a field of the pull-field profile of a firearm barrel intended for the ammunition. For example, the present invention also relates to a system consisting of a firearm barrel and a projectile designed according to the invention.

In a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, the rear cavity has a length in the longitudinal direction of the projectile of at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50% or at least 60% of a longitudinal extent of the projectile.

According to a further exemplary development of the projectile according to the invention, its cavity is produced by solid forming, in particular by cold forming, such as deep drawing or extrusion. Furthermore, the projectile can be produced by massive forming, in particular by cold forming such as deep drawing or extrusion. This means that the bullet is also suitable for mass production and precise and simple manufacturing technologies can be used without resulting in waste.

In a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, its cavity is closed in the area of a rear floor of the rear of the projectile, in particular by deformation. It can be advantageous to close the cavity, for example to prevent inclusions such as dirt or dirt or the like, as well as to combine gas pressure influences when firing the projectile on the performance of the projectile.

According to a further exemplary development of the bullet according to the invention, the wall thickness of a bullet section in contact with the firearm barrel, in particular a casing or bullet body section, is in the range from 2% to 20%, in particular in the range from 3% to 15% of the caliber diameter.

In a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the material of the projectile body is a mixture of metal powder and plastic. According to an exemplary development of the bullet according to the invention, the mixture has between 85 percent by weight to 98 percent by weight of metal powder and / or between 2 percent by weight to 15 percent by weight of plastic. It was found that by means of the specific weight proportion of 2 to 15 percent by weight of plastic, an optimum density, in particular high density and ductility, is achieved, whereby improved precision can be achieved. The metal can be contained, for example, in an amount of 93 to 97 percent by weight, 94 to 96 percent by weight or about 95 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the deformation core. The presence of a high proportion of metal by weight increases the density of the bullet, which has a positive effect on precision.

In a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the jacket consists of a ferrous metal and/or has a hardness in the range of 90 to 650 HV. For example, steel is used for the jacket. It has been found that the ferrous metal is advantageous in that it does not smear or cake in the firearm barrel and is also harder than comparable other metals.

In a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the floor front opens with a substantially central opening into a cavity extending axially from the floor front towards the rear of the floor.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, which can be combined with the preceding aspects of the invention and exemplary embodiments, the bullet according to the invention is used as a deformation or partial fragmentation bullet.

The projectile further has a jacket that encases the rear of the projectile and which, according to the further aspects of the invention, is shaped such that it covers a maximum of 90%, in particular a maximum of 80%, a maximum of 70%, a maximum of 60% or a maximum of 50%, of the external surface of the projectile body.

Preferred embodiments are specified in the subclaims.

• 1 eine schematische Prinzipskizze in Schnittansicht zu einer beispielhaften Ausführung eines erfindungsgemäßen Geschosses in Kombination mit einer Munitionshülse und einem Schusswaffenlauf;
• 2 eine Detailansicht gemäß dem Ausschnitt II in 1;
• 3 eine schematische Prinzipskizze einer weiteren beispielhaften Ausführung der vorliegenden Erfindung; und
• 4 -6 weitere beispielhafte Ausführungen eines erfindungsgemäßen Geschosses.

Further properties, features and advantages of the invention will become clear below by describing preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying exemplary drawings, in which:

• 1 a schematic schematic sketch in a sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a projectile according to the invention in combination with an ammunition casing and a firearm barrel;
• 2 a detailed view according to section II in 1 ;
• 3 a schematic principle sketch of a further exemplary embodiment of the present invention; and
• 4-6 further exemplary embodiments of a projectile according to the invention.

In the following description of exemplary embodiments of the present invention, a projectile according to the invention is shown, for example for ammunition, in particular hunting ammunition, with a caliber of less than 20 mm or less than 13 mm, is generally provided with the reference number 1.

In 1 an ammunition 3 of a projectile 1 according to the invention is shown schematically in the inserted state in a firearm barrel 5. In addition to the projectile 1, the ammunition 3 includes an ammunition case 7 holding the projectile 1, which has a receptacle 9 for a primer cap for activating or initiating a propellant charge powder 11 arranged within the ammunition case 7, by means of which the gas expansion necessary for firing and accelerating the projectile 1 is produced.

At the in 1 The projectile 1 according to the invention shown is an exemplary embodiment in which the projectile 1 is provided on the front side with a central opening 13 into which an insert 15 is inserted. Basically, the projectile 1 according to the invention is divided into a projectile front 17 pointing in the projectile flight direction F, which tapers in particular in the shape of an ogive in the projectile flight direction F, an adjoining guide band 19 and a projectile tail 21 arranged on the back of the guide band 19. As in 1 can be seen, the guide band 19 and the tail of the projectile 21 are encased by a jacket 23, which is set up to contact the firearm barrel 5 and to engage in its pull-field profile.

In 2 is a detailed view of the in 1 shown projectile 1 according to the invention can be seen, in which a first aspect of the present invention is shown in more detail. The guide band 19 is structured to form at least one cavity 25 which is open to the outside, that is towards the jacket 21. The cavity 25 can be formed either by several recesses or grooves, in particular of the same design, running around the outer circumference of the guide band 19, or by a single spiral or helical cavity 25, which runs around the outer circumference of the guide band 19 in relation to the longitudinal direction of the projectile. Two adjacent cavities 25 or cavity sections in relation to the closed longitudinal direction are separated from one another by a support web 27, which is in contact with the jacket 21.

Between the jacket 21 and the guide band 19, in particular a cavity base 29, which forms the outer skin of the guide band 19 in the area of the cavity 25, there is a gap in the radial direction with respect to the longitudinal axis of the projectile, which can also be referred to as a crumple zone or deformation space. The structuring of the guide band 19 and the coordination with respect to the casing 21 ensure that when the projectile 1 is fired, the casing 21 can deform in such a way that it escapes into the cavity 25. As in 2 can be seen, casing sections 31 spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of the floor diverge into associated cavities 25 or cavity channel sections 25, which are each assigned in the radial direction. The jacket 21 can be deformed by being displaced by the tensile field profile when the projectile 1 is pressed through the firearm barrel and, as a result of the free space for deformation, can escape in the radial direction through the cavities 25, so that the jacket 21, in particular its deformation sections 31, at least partially occupy or fill the cavity 25. This reduces the effective abrasion contact area with the firearm barrel 5, so that barrel abrasion and barrel load are reduced.

In the execution according to the 1 and 2 The jacket 21 also consists of a harder material than a projectile body 33 designed as a one-piece in the exemplary embodiment, which includes the projectile front 17, the guide band 19 and the projectile rear 21.

In the area of a transition from the guide band 19 to the floor front 17, a sharp-edged contour jump 35 is provided, which forms a support shoulder for the jacket 21, in particular its holding section 37 on the floor front, which extends in the radial direction with respect to the longitudinal axis of the floor and protrudes from the guide band 19. In the exemplary embodiment in 2 a floor front end face 39 of the jacket 21 rests directly on the support shoulder 35.

Furthermore, in 2 It can be seen that on the rear side of the contour jump 35, the projectile body 33 has a support surface 41 for the casing section 37 which is inclined at an angle β with respect to the longitudinal direction of the projectile and which is bent inwards in the radial direction in order to increase the holding force between the casing 21 and the projectile body 33 To engage behind the guide band 19 in the radial direction, whereby axial securing is achieved. Furthermore, in 2 It can be seen that the support shoulder 35 can be inclined at an angle γ with respect to the radial direction. The particularly ogive-shaped projectile front 17 tapers at least in sections at an angle α in the direction of a projectile tip 43.

In 3 a further exemplary embodiment of a projectile 1 according to the invention is shown, in which the projectile body 33 has the projectile front 17 and an adjoining projectile rear 21 with a concentric cavity 45 introduced at the rear. The Hollow Space 45 is surrounded by a jacket 47, which is made in one piece with the bullet body 33 and is intended to engage with the pull-field profile of the firearm barrel. According to this exemplary embodiment, the jacket 47 is deformable in such a way that it is displaced at least partially and/or in sections by the tensile field profile into the cavity 45 when the projectile 1 is fired. This in turn allows abrasion contact area minimization to be achieved to reduce running load and running deposits. Like it in 3 can be seen, the cavity 45 has a substantially sleeve-shaped structure which surrounds a central, in particular cylindrical, projectile body section 49, which can be made in one piece with the remaining projectile body 33. In this way, a deformation space or a crumple zone can be created particularly easily in terms of production, into which the casing section 47 can deform in order to minimize abrasion on the firearm barrel.

In 4 a further exemplary embodiment of a projectile 1 according to the invention is shown, in which a deformation core 51 made of a softer material than the remaining projectile body 33 is integrated into the rear of the projectile 21. In other words, a cavity 53 is introduced which extends in the longitudinal direction of the projectile over approximately 60% of the projectile length and into which the deformation core 51 is inserted. When the projectile 1 is fired and in particular when pressed through the firearm barrel, whereby the guide band provided in the area of the rear of the projectile 21 engages with the tensile field profile of the firearm barrel, the deformation core 51, which is softer to deformation, creates the possibility that the jacket 21 at least can partially or partially evade in the radial direction. This is achieved by the harder projectile jacket 21 displacing the softer, in particular deformationally softer, deformation core 51.

The embodiments of exemplary embodiments of the projectile 1 according to the invention according to 5 and 6 are constructed according to the same basic principle and have the same projectile body 33, which is essentially analogous to the embodiment of the projectile 1 1 is formed, but does not have a structured guide band 19, which is inserted into the projectile body 33. According to the embodiments 5 and 6 the structured guide band 19 is formed by the jacket 23. In both embodiments, the jacket 23 is shaped in such a way that it covers a maximum of 90% of the projectile body's outer surface and otherwise exposes the projectile's outer surface to the surroundings.

According to 5 the jacket 23 is designed spirally and winds in a spiral or helical shape around the projectile body 33 in relation to the longitudinal direction of the projectile and thereby forms several complete turns, with a turn width b in particular in the range of 0.5 mm to 3 mm. The spiral-shaped jacket 23 results in a particularly spiral or helical groove course from the projectile body outer surface 33, the radial extensions of which are reduced in relation to the projectile jacket 23, so that the effective abrasion contact surface in contact with the firearm barrel, in particular its pull-field profile, is thereby reduced is reduced because a defined guide band structure 19 is created by means of the jacket 23.

In the exemplary embodiment according to 6 the jacket 23 has a substantially cage-like sleeve structure with several bead-like depressions 57 or so-called pockets, which expose the projectile body 33 to the surroundings.

The features disclosed in the above description, the figures and the claims can be important both individually and in any combination for the implementation of the invention in the various embodiments.

Reference symbol list

1

bullet

3

Ammunition casing

5

Gun barrel

7

Ammunition casing

9

Recording

11

Propellant powder

13

cavity

15

Mission

17

floor front

19

Guide band structure

21

bullet tail

23

Coat

25

cavity

27

Support bridge

29

Cavity base

31

Jacket section

33

bullet body

35

Support shoulder

37

Sheath holding section

39

front side

41

Support surface

43

bullet tip

45

cavity

47

Coat

49

Bullet body section

51

deformation core

53

cavity

55

Nut

57

deepening

F

Projectile flight direction

α, β, γ

angle

b

winding width

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

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Cited patent literature

• US 9470494 B2 [0006]

Claims (33)

Projectile (1) for ammunition, in particular with a caliber of less than 20 mm, in particular less than 13 mm, comprising a projectile body (33) with a tapering, in particular ogive-shaped, projectile front (17), which forms an outer skin of the projectile, and a a guide band adjoining the projectile front (17), in particular essentially cylindrical, which is structured to form at least one cavity (23) which is open to the outside, and a jacket (23) surrounding the guide band, which is designed to do so when the projectile is fired to deform in such a way that it escapes into the cavity (23), characterized in that the jacket (23) consists of a harder material than the projectile body (33). Projectile (1). Claim 1 , wherein the at least one cavity (23) is designed in the manner of a winding with respect to the longitudinal axis of the projectile and/or spirally, in particular the spiral shape having at least one, in particular two, three or four, turns. Projectile (1). Claim 1 or 2 , comprising at least two, in particular at least three, four or at least five, in particular identically designed cavities, which are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the projectile at a particularly uniform distance from one another and/or are designed to be closed all around. Projectile (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the jacket (23) and the projectile body (33) are designed such that the jacket (23) is plastically deformed when the projectile is fired and the projectile body (33) remains essentially undeformed, wherein in particular the jacket (23) is plastically flattened in the area of a support web separating two adjacent cavities. Projectile (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the total cavity volume defined by all cavities is in the range of 60-140% of the volume of the jacket that escapes into the cavities when fired. Projectile (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a height transverse to the longitudinal direction of the projectile in the radial direction of the cavity (23) is at least the height, in particular at least 105%, 110% or at least 115% of the height, of a field of a tensile field profile of the firearm barrel intended for the ammunition. Projectile (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in the area of a transition from the guide band to the projectile front (17) a particularly sharp-edged contour jump is provided, which forms a support shoulder on the projectile front side, which extends in particular essentially in the radial direction, for the casing (23). Projectile (1). Claim 7 , whereby a maximum external dimension of the contour jump corresponds to a maximum external dimension of the jacket. Projectile (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in the area of a transition from the guide band into the projectile front (17), a support surface for the jacket (23), in particular adjoining the contour jump, is inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis of the projectile, in particular is inclined in such a way that the jacket (23) engages behind the guide band in the radial direction. Projectile (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the projectile front (17), the guide band and optionally a projectile rear (21) adjoining the guide band in the longitudinal direction of the projectile are made from one piece, in particular from copper or a copper alloy. Projectile (1) in particular according to one of the preceding claims for ammunition, in particular with a caliber of at most 20 mm, in particular of at most 13 mm, comprising a projectile body (33) with a tapering, in particular ogive-shaped, projectile front (17 ) and a rear of the floor (21) adjoining the front of the floor (17) and a jacket (23) encasing the rear of the floor (21), which is shaped in such a way that it is at most 90%, in particular at most 80%, at most 70%, at most 60% or a maximum of 50% of the projectile body's outer surface is covered. Projectile (1). Claim 11 , wherein the jacket (23) is designed in the manner of a winding with respect to the longitudinal axis of the projectile and/or spirally, in particular the spiral shape having at least one, in particular at least two, three or four, turns, in particular the slope in the direction of the rear of the projectile (21 ) in particular decreases continuously and / or a width of each winding section viewed in the longitudinal direction of the projectile has at least 10% of the caliber diameter. Projectile (1). Claim 11 or 12 , wherein the jacket (23) has a hollow cylindrical shape with at least one, in particular at least two, has three or four, particularly uniformly distributed, bead-like recesses, particularly in the longitudinal direction of the projectile and/or in the radial direction, with the plurality of recesses in particular exposing the projectile body (33) to the surroundings. Projectile (1). Claim 13 , whereby the recesses are open in the direction of the front of the floor and/or in the direction of the rear of the floor. Projectile (1) after one of the Claims 12 until 14 , with one depression covering at least 0.5%, in particular at least 1%, at least 1.5% or at least 2%, of the projectile body's outer surface. Projectile (1) in particular according to one of the preceding claims for ammunition, in particular with a caliber of at most 20 mm, in particular of at most 13 mm, comprising a metallic projectile body (33) made in one piece with a projectile front (17) oriented in the firing direction and a the projectile front (17) adjoining the projectile rear, in which a deformation core (51) is integrated, which consists of a softer material than the projectile body (33). Projectile (1). Claim 16 , whereby the deformation core (51) is 10% to 80% softer than the bullet body based on the Vickers hardness. Projectile (1) after one of the Claims 16 until 17 , wherein the deformation core (51) has a length in the longitudinal direction of the projectile of at least 30%, preferably at least 40%, at least 50% or at least 60%, of a longitudinal extent of the projectile body, in particular the deformation core (51) being flush with a rear floor of the rear of the projectile ( 21) completes. Projectile (1) after one of the Claims 16 until 18 , wherein the deformation core (51) is produced by a casting or pressing process and / or its material is a mixture of metal powder and plastic. Projectile (1). Claim 19 , wherein the mixture has between 85% by weight to 98% by weight of metal powder and / or between 2% by weight to 15% by weight of plastic. Projectile (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the projectile body (33) consists of a non-ferrous metal, in particular non-ferrous metal, in particular copper or a copper alloy, and / or a hardness in the range from 30 HV to 300 HV, in particular in the range of 40 HV to 280 HV or in the range from 50 HV to 260 HV. Projectile (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the jacket (23) is designed to deflect radially inwards when fired and to form a non-positive and / or positive connection with the projectile body (33). Projectile (1) in particular according to one of the preceding claims for ammunition, in particular with a caliber of at most 20 mm, in particular of at most 13 mm, comprising a projectile body (33) with a projectile front (17) oriented in the firing direction and a projectile front (17 ) adjoining bullet tail (21) with a rear-mounted, in particular concentric, cavity (23) and a jacket (23) delimiting the cavity (23) for engaging in a tensile field profile of the firearm barrel, the jacket (23) being deformable in this way is that it is displaced into the cavity (23) by the tension field profile when the projectile is fired. Projectile (1). Claim 23 , wherein a height in the radial direction of the cavity (23) corresponds to at least the height, in particular at least 105%, 110% or at least 115%, of a field of the pull-field profile of a firearm barrel intended for the ammunition. Projectile (1). Claim 23 or 24 , wherein the rear cavity (23) has a length in the longitudinal direction of the projectile of at least 30%, preferably at least 40%, at least 50% or at least 60%, of a longitudinal extent of the projectile. Projectile (1) after one of the Claims 23 until 25 , the cavity (23) of which is produced by massive forming, in particular by cold forming, such as deep drawing or extrusion, in particular the projectile (1) being manufactured by means of massive forming, in particular by cold forming, such as deep drawing or extrusion. Projectile (1) after one of the Claims 23 until 26 , the cavity (23) of which is produced by an abrasive manufacturing process, in particular by milling, turning, sawing or electrical erosion. Projectile (1) after one of the Claims 23 until 27 , the cavity (23) of which is closed in the area of a rear floor of the rear floor (21), in particular by deformation. Projectile (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the wall thickness of a projectile section in contact with the firearm barrel, in particular jacket or projectile body section, is in the range from 2% to 20%, in particular in the range from 3% to 15%, of the caliber diameter . Projectile (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the material of the projectile body is a mixture of metal powder and plastic, in particular the mixture between 85% by weight to 98% by weight of metal powder and / or between 2% by weight to 15% by weight of plastic. Projectile (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the jacket (23) consists of a ferrous metal and/or has a hardness in the range of 90-650 HV. Projectile (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the projectile front (17) opens with a substantially central opening into a cavity (23) extending axially from the projectile front (17) towards the projectile (1). Use of a projectile designed according to one of the preceding claims as a deformation and/or partial decomposition projectile, in particular as hunting ammunition.

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