DE102022114912A1 - Adapter for a device for introducing an operating fluid necessary for the operation of an engine or heater into a designated receiving space of the engine or heater - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an adapter (1; 1a) for a device for introducing an operating fluid necessary for the operation of an engine or a heater (20) into a receiving space (22) provided for this purpose in the engine or heater (20). The adapter (1; 1a) is expediently designed to be arranged between a device for atomizing the operating fluid (5; 5a) and the receiving space (22). Because the adapter is designed as a connecting member between the atomization device and the receiving space, an existing internal combustion engine can advantageously be converted in a simple manner, for example to be operated with water instead of fossil fuel.

Description

The invention relates to an adapter for a device for introducing an operating fluid necessary for the operation of an engine or a heater into a receiving space provided for this purpose in the engine or the heater. The invention further relates to a piston lifting machine, a construction machine or a motor vehicle, a turbine and a generator which has an adapter according to the invention. The invention also relates to a heater which has an adapter according to the invention.

In use, devices known as injection nozzles or injectors are known which, in an internal combustion engine, atomize a fuel with which the internal combustion engine is operated under high pressure and inject it into a cylinder. In the cylinder, the atomized fuel mixture is mixed with air and ignited, causing a volume expansion to occur and moving a piston of the cylinder toward bottom dead center, that is, downward, thereby converting a translational movement of the piston into a rotation of a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine .

A device known from the prior art for introducing an operating fluid necessary for the operation of an engine into a designated receiving space of the engine usually comprises an injector with the associated control unit and, in the case of internal combustion engines operated with diesel as the operating fluid, a high-pressure pump.

From the prior art listed below, engines are known that can be operated with water instead of fossil fuels such as gasoline or diesel. For this purpose, for example, water is evaporated in a cylinder of a piston-reciprocating machine and its volume expansion during the phase transition from liquid to solid creates a pressure that moves a piston of the piston-reciprocating machine downwards, causing a crankshaft to rotate.

Out of US 8,555,823 B2 A piston-reciprocating machine is known in which water mixed with air, evaporated by an air humidifier 22, is injected into a cylinder 10 of the piston-reciprocating machine and passed through an arc (20). The arc separates the hydrogen in the water from the oxygen in the water and ignites it (oxyhydrogen reaction), causing a volume expansion that causes a piston 24 to move downward.

DE 197 24 164 A1 describes a turbine, to operate which finely atomized water is introduced into a combustion chamber using an injection nozzle and passed through an arc, whereby the water breaks down into hydrogen and oxygen and the two gases immediately react explosively with each other again, so that a pressure is created by a volume expansion , which is suitable for operating the turbine.

Out of DE 196 36 141 A1 Another piston engine is known in which water is injected into a combustion chamber and passed through an arc, whereby the water is split and the two split products react with each other.

One out CN 100439656 C The well-known piston stroke machine is operated with water as an operating fluid. To do this, water is sprayed into a cylinder 4 using an injection nozzle and passed through an arc, whereby the water evaporates and the resulting pressure moves a piston 5 downwards.

Out of RU 2 335 644 C1 a gas turbine is known in which a plasma is formed from water and a fuel by an arc and is used to operate the gas turbine.

RU 2 491 425 C2 describes a steam rotary vane engine that evaporates water to operate.

CN 102562277 A describes an engine that runs on a mixture of coal and steam, with water being passed through a spray nozzle and an arc.

The invention is based on the object of designing an adapter of the type mentioned at the outset, through which an existing engine, which can be operated with a fossil fuel such as gasoline, diesel or kerosene, is converted to operation with water as a fuel without or with only minor design changes can be.

It is understood that the water may contain an additive, for example an alcohol such as ethanol.

Furthermore, the invention is based on the object of creating a heater that can be operated without fossil fuels.

According to the invention, the object is achieved in that the adapter is set up to be connected between a device for atomizing the Operating fluid and the receiving space to be arranged.

The adapter is preferably designed to be rotationally symmetrical and fluidly connects the fuel atomization device to the receiving space.
The inventor has found that an injector of a common rail diesel engine is suitable as an atomizer due to the possible high injection pressure.

The receiving space can be a space whose volume can be changed by moving a piston and which is limited by the piston. For example, a cylinder of a piston-operating machine can be such a receiving space.

In the case of a heater, the receiving room can be a room in which heat is generated, which is given off to heating water in the form of a heat exchange.

Because the adapter is designed as a connecting member between the atomization device and the receiving space, an existing internal combustion engine can advantageously be converted in a simple manner, for example to be operated with water instead of fossil fuel. To do this, the adapter according to the invention simply needs to be installed between an existing injector and a cylinder.

Because the adapter in a heater is designed as a connecting member of a heating device of the heater, for example a heating coil, with an atomization device, a new type of heater is advantageously created.

The adapter expediently has two connection sections, of which a first connection section is designed to form a fluidic, preferably releasable connection with the operating material atomization device and a second connection section is designed to form a fluidic, preferably releasable connection to the receiving space. So that a fluidic connection can be established between the operating material atomization device and the receiving space, the adapter has a through-channel which extends from the first to the second connecting section.
If detachable connections are formed, a particularly simple retrofitting of an existing engine is possible. No constructive changes are necessary.

In the case of a heater, if the adapter is defective, a particularly simple repair is possible by replacing it.

It is conceivable that an adapter according to the invention with the second connecting section is attached to an injection opening of a cylinder of a diesel engine, this injection opening being originally intended to accommodate an injector for diesel fuel.

If the adapter according to the invention is used for a heater, it can be attached with the second connecting section to a hollow heating coil of a heater, wherein the heating coil can be arranged in a closed boiler in a water bath with heating water. In this case, the receiving space is an interior of the hollow heating coil, into which evaporated water is introduced and, when it condenses on the inner walls of the interior, heat is given off to the water bath. Heating water from the water bath can either be used as warm service water or be intended to be passed on to a radiator to heat a room.

In one embodiment of the invention, the adapter has a device for evaporating an operating fluid atomized by the operating fluid atomizing device, wherein the atomized operating fluid preferably comprises water or consists of water. Evaporation in the sense of this invention is a transition of an atomized operating fluid from liquid to gaseous. Although this phase transition without a chemical reaction of the operating fluid to another substance or substances is advantageous, it is conceivable that a chemical reaction takes place, especially when using water as an operating fluid to which additives such as alcohol are added.
While an engine operated with a fossil fuel requires ignition of the operating fluid, which can be gasoline, diesel or natural gas, an engine that has an adapter according to the invention advantageously creates a machine that can be used, for example, with finely atomized water is evaporated, is operable. This applies analogously to a heater that has an adapter according to the invention.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the evaporation device is arranged between two connecting sections of the adapter, of which a first connecting section is designed to form a fluidic, preferably releasable connection with the operating material atomization device and a second connecting section is designed to form a fluidic, preferably releasable connection to the receiving space. The atomized operating fluid is advantageously introduced into the adapter directly in the area of the evaporation device. Due to the large surface area of a finely atomized operating fluid, its evaporation requires locally targeted energy can be carried in a very short time. An engine or heater is advantageously created that is particularly efficient and can be operated with a high degree of efficiency.

After evaporation of the operating fluid, an increase in volume due to the phase transition from liquid to gaseous and the resulting pressure in the receiving space can cause a movement of a piston or a turbine of an engine.
The evaporated operating fluid, which is preferably water or consists mainly of water, can condense and be reused for further operation of the engine or the heater.

In one embodiment of the invention, the evaporation device has a heat source, which preferably comprises a laser, at least one electric arc and/or at least one incandescent filament.
In particular, atomized water can advantageously be evaporated in a particularly energy-efficient manner. The inventor has found that when using an electric arc, which can be formed between two tungsten electrodes, a particularly good evaporation of water is possible because a locally targeted heat input takes place. For this purpose, two electrodes between which the electric arc is ignited can be electrically contacted from outside the adapter and controlled, for example, by an existing engine control unit, which can be an engine control unit in an internal combustion engine.

The heat source is expediently designed in several parts, with individual parts being arranged one behind the other in the manner of a cascade in the flow direction of the adapter. It is advantageous to ensure that the atomized operating fluid is completely evaporated.

The inventor has found that an arrangement of three electrical arcs is particularly advantageous in order to almost completely evaporate the atomized operating fluid, which is preferably water or contains water.

In one embodiment of the invention, individual parts of a multi-part heat source are designed to be different or identical to one another. An adapter can advantageously be adapted to a specific existing engine in order to convert it to operate with water as a fuel.
For example, an adapter can have an arc and a laser for vaporizing the atomized operating fluid.

• 1 Eine Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Adapters,
• 2 eine Heizung, die einen erfindungsgemäßen Adapter aufweist.

The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments and the accompanying drawings relating to the exemplary embodiments. Show it:

• 1 An embodiment of an adapter according to the invention,
• 2 a heater which has an adapter according to the invention.

An in 1a Adapter 1 shown schematically in a sectional side view comprises a rotationally symmetrical base body 2 with two connecting sections 3, 4, of which a first connecting section 3 is set up to accommodate an injection nozzle 5 and a two connecting section 4 through an in 1 thread, not shown, fluidically with a cylinder of an in 1a Cylinder crankcase, not shown, of a piston reciprocating machine can be connected.

The adapter 1 also has an evaporation device 6 for evaporation of water atomized by the injection nozzle, which in this exemplary embodiment has three electrode pairs 8-10 arranged one behind the other in a flow direction 7, between which an in 1a Electric arc, not shown, can be formed. Each electrode 11 of each electrode pair 8-10 passes through a wall 12 of the adapter 1 and can be electrically contacted and controlled by a control device 13 shown schematically.

The adapter 1 also has a through channel 14 into which water atomized by the injection nozzle 5 can be injected into the electrical arcs in order to move a piston in the cylinder crankcase in the direction of the lower one after its evaporation due to a volume expansion caused by the phase transition from liquid to gaseous Dead center, that is, move downwards. For this purpose, the volume expansion takes place through the second connecting section 4 into the cylinder of the piston lifting machine.

An in 1b Adapter 1 shown schematically in a sectioned side view differs from the one in 1a shown in that atomized water 15 is shown schematically in an injection area 16 of an injection nozzle 5, which flows from the injection nozzle 5 into a through-channel 14 and thereby in 1b Arcs 17 shown are injected and evaporated. As a result, water vapor 18 is formed, which has a larger volume than the atomized water 15, so that an expansion of the water vapor 18 in the direction of an arrow 19 into an in 1b Cylinder not shown takes place in which a piston Piston lifting machine is moved in the direction of bottom dead center.

It goes without saying that another fuel can be used instead of water, for example a water-alcohol mixture, where the alcohol can be methanol or ethanol.

It is further understood that only one pair of electrodes 8-10 can be provided or more than three pairs of electrodes 8-10 can be provided.

It is conceivable that an adapter 1 according to the invention is used in a turbine such as a gas turbine or a generator to generate electrical energy.

It will now open 2 Referenced, where identical or equivalent parts have the same reference number as in 1 are designated and the relevant reference number is appended to the letter a.

One in 2 Heater 20 shown in a schematic side view comprises a boiler 21, into which a hollow heating coil 22 is inserted, which protrudes from the boiler 21 with end sections 23, 24.
Attached to an inlet opening 25 of the hollow heating coil 22 is a schematically shown adapter 1a having an evaporation device 6a, into which water atomized by an injection nozzle 5a is injected as operating medium for the heater 20. The water leaving the adapter 1a in the direction of the heating coil 22 condenses on the inner walls of the heating coil 22, whereby heat is released to the heating water 26 located in the boiler 21. Through an in 2 Using a pump (not shown), the heating water 26 can be pumped through a heating line 27 into a radiator 28.

It goes without saying that the heating water 26 can also be used as warm service water.

Because water is constantly condensing in the hollow heating coil 22 when the heater 20 is in operation and new water vapor is constantly supplied through the adapter 1a, condensed water can be removed through an outlet opening 29 and fed to the injection nozzle 5a again.

For reasons of clarity, in 2 no filling openings for heating water 26 in the boiler 21 and no control device that controls the injection nozzle 5a and an evaporation device 6a are shown.

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• US 8555823 B2 [0005]
• DE 19724164 A1 [0006]
• DE 19636141 A1 [0007]
• CN 100439656 C [0008]
• RU 2335644 C1 [0009]
• RU 2491425 C2 [0010]
• CN 102562277 A [0011]

Claims (12)

Adapter (1; 1a) for a device for introducing an operating fluid necessary for the operation of an engine or a heater (20) into a designated receiving space (22) of the engine or heater (20), characterized in that the adapter (1; 1a) is designed to be arranged between a device for atomizing the operating fluid (5; 5a) and the receiving space (22). adapter Claim 1 , characterized in that the adapter (1; 1a) has two connecting sections (3, 4; 3a, 4a), of which a first connecting section (3; 3a) is used to form a fluidic, preferably detachable connection with the fuel atomization device (5; 5a ) is set up and a second connection section (4; 4a) to form a fluidic, preferably detachable connection with the receiving space (22). adapter Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the adapter (1; 1a) has a device (6; 6a) for evaporating an operating fluid (15) atomized by the operating fluid atomizing device (6; 6a), the atomized operating fluid (15) preferably comprising water or made of water consists. adapter Claim 3 , characterized in that the evaporation device (6; 6a) is arranged between two connecting sections (3, 4; 3a, 4a) of the adapter (1; 1a), of which a first connecting section (3; 3a) is used to form a fluidic, preferably releasable connection with the fuel atomization device (5; 5a) and a second connection section (4; 4a) for forming a fluidic, preferably releasable connection with the receiving space (22). adapter Claim 3 or 4 , characterized in that the evaporation device (6; 6a) has a heat source, which preferably comprises a laser, at least one electric arc (17) and / or at least one incandescent filament. adapter Claim 5 , characterized in that the heat source is designed in several parts, with individual parts (8-10) being arranged one behind the other in the manner of a cascade in the flow direction (7) of the adapter (1; 1a). adapter Claim 6 , characterized in that individual parts (8-10) of a multi-part heat source are designed differently or identically from one another. Piston lifting machine, which has an adapter (1; 1a) according to one of the Claims 1 until 7 having. Construction machine or motor vehicle that is a piston lifting machine Claim 8 having. Turbine, which has an adapter (1; 1a) according to one of the Claims 1 until 7 having. Generator for generating electrical energy, which has an adapter (1; 1a) according to one of Claims 1 until 7 having. Heater (20), which has an adapter (1; 1a) according to one of the Claims 1 until 7 having.

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