EP0043908A1 - Spray nozzle for continuous fuel injection - Google Patents

Spray nozzle for continuous fuel injection Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0043908A1
EP0043908A1 EP81104123A EP81104123A EP0043908A1 EP 0043908 A1 EP0043908 A1 EP 0043908A1 EP 81104123 A EP81104123 A EP 81104123A EP 81104123 A EP81104123 A EP 81104123A EP 0043908 A1 EP0043908 A1 EP 0043908A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
annular
annular gap
air supply
air
Prior art date
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Application number
EP81104123A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0043908B1 (en
Inventor
Karl-Heinz Dipl.-Ing. Collin
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Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz AG
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Kloeckner Humboldt Deutz AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
    • F23D11/106—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting at the burner outlet

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an atomizer nozzle for continuous fuel injection, preferably in combustion chambers of gas turbines, with a central nozzle body for supplying fuel and an arrangement concentric with it for annular supply of air.
  • An atomizer nozzle of the type mentioned in which the air coming from the compressor is guided in a ring in a concentric ring to the nozzle body and in the vicinity of the nozzle opening a swirl device is intended to improve the atomization (DE-OS 15 01 934). Since the air and the fuel move essentially in the same direction, the fuel and air are swirled at most in an edge zone of the fuel jet. The swirl device creates a pressure drop without achieving the intended effect.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a simple atomizer nozzle for continuous fuel injection, which does not require any moving parts and ensures a high degree of atomization with little air addition.
  • This object is achieved in that the nozzle body has a coaxial, open nozzle bore, that the arrangement for supplying air from a ring body with there is an internal annular gap which is arranged in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the nozzle bore, the air supply from the annular gap in this plane being directed radially symmetrically inwards, that the annular gap is arranged behind the nozzle bore in the injection direction and an interior space is formed between the nozzle bore and the annular gap which is connected to the surrounding space by pressure compensation openings.
  • the atomization of a fuel jet is essentially based on the disturbance of the surface tensions of the liquid cylinder which forms after leaving the jet from the nozzle bore. If, for disturbing the surface tension, an air jet is used which, according to the invention, emerges from an annular gap arranged around the free fuel jet, so that the air hits the fuel jet in a vertical plane in a radial symmetry, then small amounts of air and a low air pressure and thus a low air delivery rate are sufficient to atomize one certain amount of fuel.
  • An essential feature of this atomizing nozzle is that the fuel jet exits into a room which has the same pressure as the room into which the fuel mist is conveyed.
  • the pressure equalization openings according to the invention are provided, through which the air delivery capacity required for atomization can be significantly reduced. While known versions 10 to 25 need for delivery rate for fuel atomization, the injection nozzle designed according to the invention comes with about 0.5 to 3.0 out. The atomization of the liquid is so fine that a liquid mist is created, the expansion of which is carried out by the supplied air. The guidance of the air and not the direction of the fuel supply thus gives the spray angle.
  • the atomizer nozzle is composed of a single nozzle body with the central nozzle bore and a special ring body with an annular nozzle.
  • spacers which are fixedly arranged on one or the other part or by means of interposed ones, pressure compensation openings between the two parts are formed by the gaps between the spacers when connecting by means of screws or rivets.
  • the air is supplied through an annular nozzle which generates a sharp jet with a narrowed gap. This can further increase the atomizing effect.
  • the injection nozzle is used in combination with evaporator tubes, such as those used in gas turbine ring combustion chambers, the generation of a fuel mist is only necessary in the starting phase. In all other engine operating conditions, the nozzle works as a simple one Spray tube that the air supply is switched off according to the invention. The fuel evaporation is then carried out exclusively by the heated evaporation pipes.
  • the figure shows a section through an atomizing nozzle according to the invention.
  • the nozzle body 1 with the central nozzle bore 2 and an annular body 3 with the annular gap 4 are connected by screws 5.
  • Spacers 6 in the form of washers are arranged between the nozzle body 1 and the ring body 3, through which the pressure compensation openings 7 are created.
  • the annular body 3 has an inner annular space 8, into which an air supply line 9 opens.
  • the pressure compensation openings 7 represent the connection between an interior space 11 located between the nozzle bore 2 and the annular gap 4 and the surrounding space 10 located outside the annular body 3.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)

Abstract

Eine Zerstäuberdüse für kontinuierliche Brennstoffeinspritzung, die als Haupteinspritzdüse oder als Zündfackel für Brennkammern dienen kann, weist eine Einlochbrennstoffdüse und einen davor gelegenen koaxialen Ringspalt (4) für zusätzlich mögliche Luftzufuhr auf. Der Raum (11) zwischen Düsenöffnung (2) und Ringspalt (4) ist über Druckausgleichsöffnungen (7) mit dem Brennerraum (10) hinter dem Ringspalt (4) verbunden. Die Druckausgleichsöffnungen (7) werden durch einzelne Distanzstücke (6) zwischen Brennstoffdüsenkörper (1) und Luftdüsenring (3) dargestellt.An atomizer nozzle for continuous fuel injection, which can serve as a main injection nozzle or as an ignition torch for combustion chambers, has a single-hole fuel nozzle and a coaxial annular gap (4) in front for additional possible air supply. The space (11) between the nozzle opening (2) and the annular gap (4) is connected to the burner chamber (10) behind the annular gap (4) via pressure compensation openings (7). The pressure equalization openings (7) are represented by individual spacers (6) between the fuel nozzle body (1) and the air nozzle ring (3).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Zerstäuberdüse für kontinuierliche Brennstoffeinspritzung, vorzugsweise in Brennkammern von Gasturbinen, mit einem zentralen Düsenkörper zur Brennstoffzuführung und einer dazu konzentrischen Anordnung zur ringförmigen Luftzuführung.The invention relates to an atomizer nozzle for continuous fuel injection, preferably in combustion chambers of gas turbines, with a central nozzle body for supplying fuel and an arrangement concentric with it for annular supply of air.

Es ist eine Zerstäuberdüse der genannten Gattung bekannt, bei der die vom Verdichter kommende Luft in einer Düse ringförmig konzentrisch zum Düsenkörper geführt wird und in der Umgebung der Düsenöffnung eine Drallvorrichtung eine Verbesserung der Zerstäubung bewirken soll (DE-OS 15 01 934). Da die Luft und der Brennstoff sich im wesentlichen gleichsinnig bewegen, findet eine Verwirbelung von Brennstoff und Luft allenfalls in einer Randzone des Brennstoffstrahles statt. Die Drallvorrichtung erzeugt einen Druckverlust, ohne die beabsichtigte Wirkung zu erzielen.An atomizer nozzle of the type mentioned is known, in which the air coming from the compressor is guided in a ring in a concentric ring to the nozzle body and in the vicinity of the nozzle opening a swirl device is intended to improve the atomization (DE-OS 15 01 934). Since the air and the fuel move essentially in the same direction, the fuel and air are swirled at most in an edge zone of the fuel jet. The swirl device creates a pressure drop without achieving the intended effect.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine einfache Zerstäuberdüse für die kontinuierliche Brennstoffeinspritzung vorzulegen, die ohne bewegliche Teile auskommt und bei geringer Luftzugabe einen hohen Grad der Zerstäubung sicherstellt. Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß der Düsenkörper eine koaxiale, offene Düsenbohrung aufweist, daß die Anordnung zur Luftzuführung aus einem Ringkörper mit einem innenliegenden Ringspalt besteht, der in einer Ebene senkrecht zur Achse der Düsenbohrung angeordnet ist, wobei die Luftzuführung aus dem Ringspalt in dieser Ebene radialsymmetrisch nach innen gerichtet erfolgt, daß der Ringspalt in Einspritzrichtung hinter der Düsenbohrung angeordnet ist und zwischen Düsenbohrung und Ringspalt ein Innenraum ausgebildet ist, der durch Druckausgleichsöffnungen mit dem Umgebungsraum verbunden ist.The invention has for its object to provide a simple atomizer nozzle for continuous fuel injection, which does not require any moving parts and ensures a high degree of atomization with little air addition. This object is achieved in that the nozzle body has a coaxial, open nozzle bore, that the arrangement for supplying air from a ring body with there is an internal annular gap which is arranged in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the nozzle bore, the air supply from the annular gap in this plane being directed radially symmetrically inwards, that the annular gap is arranged behind the nozzle bore in the injection direction and an interior space is formed between the nozzle bore and the annular gap which is connected to the surrounding space by pressure compensation openings.

Die Zerstäubung eines Kraftstoffstrahles beruht im wesentlichen auf der Störung der Oberflächenspannungen des Flüssigkeitszylinders, der sich nach dem Verlassen des Strahls aus der Düsenbohrung bildet. Benutzt man zur Störung der Oberflächenspannung einen Luftstrahl, der erfindungsgemäß aus einem um den freien Brennstoffstrahl angeordneten Ringspalt austritt, so daß die Luft den Brennstoffstrahl in einer senkrechten Ebene radialsymmetrisch trifft, so genügen geringe Luftmengen und ein geringer Luftdruck und damit eine geringe Luftförderleistung zur Zerstäubung einer bestimmten Brennstoffmenge. Ein wesentliches Merkmal dieser Zerstäuberdüse besteht darin, daß der Brennstoffstrahl in einen Raum austritt, der den gleichen Druck aufweist, wie der Raum, in den der Brennstoffnebel gefördert wird. Hierzu sind die erfindungsgemäßen Druckausgleichsöffnungen vorgesehen, durch die die zur Zerstäubung notwendige Luftförderleistung deutlich herabgesetzt werden kann. Während bekannte Ausführungen 10 bis 25

Figure imgb0001
an Fördersleistung zur Brennstoffzerstäubung benötigen, kommt die erfindungsgemäß ausgebildete Einspritzdüse mit etwa 0,5 bis 3,0
Figure imgb0002
 aus. Die Zerstäubung der Flüssigkeit ist so fein, daß ein Flüssigkeitsnebel entsteht, dessen Ausbreitung von der zugeführten Luft vorgenommen wird. Die Führung der Luft und nicht die Richtung der Brennstoffzuführung ergibt somit den Spraywinkel.The atomization of a fuel jet is essentially based on the disturbance of the surface tensions of the liquid cylinder which forms after leaving the jet from the nozzle bore. If, for disturbing the surface tension, an air jet is used which, according to the invention, emerges from an annular gap arranged around the free fuel jet, so that the air hits the fuel jet in a vertical plane in a radial symmetry, then small amounts of air and a low air pressure and thus a low air delivery rate are sufficient to atomize one certain amount of fuel. An essential feature of this atomizing nozzle is that the fuel jet exits into a room which has the same pressure as the room into which the fuel mist is conveyed. For this purpose, the pressure equalization openings according to the invention are provided, through which the air delivery capacity required for atomization can be significantly reduced. While known versions 10 to 25
Figure imgb0001
 need for delivery rate for fuel atomization, the injection nozzle designed according to the invention comes with about 0.5 to 3.0
Figure imgb0002
 out. The atomization of the liquid is so fine that a liquid mist is created, the expansion of which is carried out by the supplied air. The guidance of the air and not the direction of the fuel supply thus gives the spray angle.

In einer besonderen erfindungsgemäßen Ausführung ist die Zerstäuberdüse zusammengesetzt aus einem einzelnen Düsenkörper mit der zentralen Düsenbohrung und einem besonderen Ringkörper mit einer Ringdüse. Durch an dem einem oder anderen Teil fest angeordnete oder durch zwischengelegte Distanzstücke werden beim Verbinden mittels Schrauben oder Nieten Druckausgleichsöffnungen zwischen den beiden Teilen durch die Spalte zwischen den Distanzstücken gebildet.In a special embodiment according to the invention, the atomizer nozzle is composed of a single nozzle body with the central nozzle bore and a special ring body with an annular nozzle. By means of spacers which are fixedly arranged on one or the other part or by means of interposed ones, pressure compensation openings between the two parts are formed by the gaps between the spacers when connecting by means of screws or rivets.

Die Luftzuführung erfolgt in besonderer erfindungsgemäßer Ausgestaltung durch eine Ringdüse, die mit einem verengten Spalt einen scharfen Strahl erzeugt. Hierdurch kann die zerstäubende Wirkung weiter erhöht werden.In a special embodiment according to the invention, the air is supplied through an annular nozzle which generates a sharp jet with a narrowed gap. This can further increase the atomizing effect.

Wird die Einspritzdüse in Kombination mit Verdampferrohren, wie sie an Gasturbinenringbrennkammern verwendet werden, eingesetzt, so ist die Erzeugung eines Brennstoffnebels nur in der Startphase erforderlich. In allen anderen Triebwerksbetriebszuständen arbeitet die Düse dadurch als einfaches Spritzrohr, daß die Luftzuführung erfindungsgemäß abgeschaltet wird. Die Brennstoffverdampfung wird dann ausschließlich von den erhitzten Verdampfungsrohren übernommen.If the injection nozzle is used in combination with evaporator tubes, such as those used in gas turbine ring combustion chambers, the generation of a fuel mist is only necessary in the starting phase. In all other engine operating conditions, the nozzle works as a simple one Spray tube that the air supply is switched off according to the invention. The fuel evaporation is then carried out exclusively by the heated evaporation pipes.

Die Abbildung zeigt einen Schnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Zerstäuberdüse. Hierin. sind der Düsenkörper 1 mit der zentralen Düsenbohrung 2 sowie ein Ringkörper 3 mit dem Ringspalt 4 durch Schrauben 5 miteinander verbunden. Zwischen Düsenkörper 1 und Ringkörper 3 sind Distanzstücke 6 in Form von Unterlegscheiben angeordnet, durch die die Druckausgleichsöffnungen 7 erzeugt werden. Der Ringkörper 3 weist einen inneren Ringraum 8 auf, in den eine Luftzuführungsleitung 9 einmündet. Die Druckausgleichsöffnungen 7 stellen die Verbindung von einen zwischen Düsenbohrung 2 und Ringspalt 4 gelegenen Innenraum 11 und dem außerhalb des Ringkörpers 3 liegenden Umgebungsraum 10 dar.The figure shows a section through an atomizing nozzle according to the invention. Here in. the nozzle body 1 with the central nozzle bore 2 and an annular body 3 with the annular gap 4 are connected by screws 5. Spacers 6 in the form of washers are arranged between the nozzle body 1 and the ring body 3, through which the pressure compensation openings 7 are created. The annular body 3 has an inner annular space 8, into which an air supply line 9 opens. The pressure compensation openings 7 represent the connection between an interior space 11 located between the nozzle bore 2 and the annular gap 4 and the surrounding space 10 located outside the annular body 3.

Claims (4)

1. Zerstäuberdüse für kontinuierliche Brennstoffeinspritzung, vorzugsweise in Brennkammern von Gasturbinen, mit einem zentralen Düsenkörper zur Brennstoffzuführung und einer dazu konzentrischen Anordnung zur ringförmigen Luftzuführung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Düsenkörper (1) eine koaxiale, offene Düsenbohrung (2) aufweist, daß die Anordnung zur Luftzuführung aus einem Ringkörper (3) mit einem innenliegenden Ringspalt (4) besteht, der in einer Ebene senkrecht zur Achse der Düsenbohrung angeordnet ist, wobei die Luftzuführung aus dem Ringspalt in dieser Ebene radialsymmetrisch nach innen gerichtet erfolgt, daß der Ringspalt (4) in Einspritzrichtung hinter der Düsenbohrung (2) angeordnet ist und zwischen Düsenbohrung (2) und Ringspalt (1) ein Innenraum (11) ausgebildet ist, der durch Druckausgleichsöffnungen (7) mit dem Umgebungsraum (10) verbunden ist.1. atomizer nozzle for continuous fuel injection, preferably in combustion chambers of gas turbines, with a central nozzle body for fuel supply and a concentric arrangement for annular air supply, characterized in that the nozzle body (1) has a coaxial, open nozzle bore (2) that the arrangement for the air supply consists of an annular body (3) with an internal annular gap (4) which is arranged in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the nozzle bore, the air supply from the annular gap in this plane being directed radially symmetrically inwards that the annular gap (4) is arranged in the injection direction behind the nozzle bore (2) and between the nozzle bore (2) and the annular gap (1) an interior (11) is formed, which is connected to the surrounding space (10) by pressure compensation openings (7). 2. Zerstäuberdüse nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Ringspalt (4) einen gegenüber einem Ringraum (8) im Ringkörper (3) verengten Querschnitt aufweist, wobei eine Ringdüse gebildet wird.2. Atomizer nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that the annular gap (4) has a cross section with respect to an annular space (8) in the annular body (3), wherein an annular nozzle is formed. 3. Zerstäuberdüse nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Ringkörper (3) und der Düsenkörper (1) trennbar miteinander verbunden sind, wobei mehrere Distanzstücke (6) dazwischenliegende Druckausgleichsöffnungen (7) ausbilden.3. atomizer nozzle according to one of claims 1 or 2,
characterized in that the ring body (3) and the nozzle body (1) are separably connected to one another, a plurality of spacers (6) forming intermediate pressure compensation openings (7). 4. Zerstäuberdüse nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, mit einem nachgeschalteten Verdampferrohr in der Brennkammer,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Düse zur Einspritzung eines glatten Strahles in das Verdampferrohr eine Absperreinrichtung in einer mit dem Ringraum (8) im Ringkörper (3) verbundenen Luftzuführungsleitung (9) aufweist, wobei eine Luftabschaltung nach Erreichen der Brennkammerbetriebstemperatur erfolgt.4. atomizer nozzle according to one of claims 1 to 3, with a downstream evaporator tube in the combustion chamber,
characterized in that the nozzle for injecting a smooth jet into the evaporator tube has a shut-off device in an air supply line (9) connected to the annular space (8) in the annular body (3), air being switched off after the combustion chamber operating temperature has been reached.
EP81104123A 1980-07-16 1981-05-29 Spray nozzle for continuous fuel injection Expired EP0043908B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19803026832 DE3026832A1 (en) 1980-07-16 1980-07-16 SPRAYER NOZZLE FOR CONTINUOUS FUEL INJECTION
DE3026832 1980-07-16

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EP0043908A1 true EP0043908A1 (en) 1982-01-20
EP0043908B1 EP0043908B1 (en) 1984-04-25

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EP (1) EP0043908B1 (en)
DE (2) DE3026832A1 (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6140981A (en) * 1984-07-17 1986-02-27 アルテユロ　サリス　ソシエタ　ペル　アツイオーニ Hinge for furniture
EP0209631A1 (en) * 1985-07-24 1987-01-28 Deutsche Babcock Werke Aktiengesellschaft Process and burner for combusting liquid fuel
EP0242329A2 (en) 1986-04-15 1987-10-21 Ciba-Geigy Ag Monoclonal antibodies against interferon-induced human protein in pure form, and test kits containing these antibodies

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5263316A (en) * 1989-12-21 1993-11-23 Sundstrand Corporation Turbine engine with airblast injection
US5265425A (en) * 1991-09-23 1993-11-30 General Electric Company Aero-slinger combustor
US5490632A (en) * 1993-04-13 1996-02-13 Haynes; Henry T. Venting device and method
DE19519838C2 (en) * 1995-05-31 1997-11-20 Bosch Gmbh Robert Method for influencing the alignment of fuel on a fuel injector and fuel injector

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1157039A (en) * 1967-02-20 1969-07-02 Gen Motors Corp Fuel Spray Nozzle
CH529973A (en) * 1970-04-30 1972-10-31 Gen Electric Liquid fuel burners
CH560356A5 (en) * 1972-11-09 1975-03-27 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd
GB1478394A (en) * 1973-09-10 1977-06-29 Gen Electric Apparatus for supplying a mixture of fuel and air to a combustion chamber

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2320442C3 (en) * 1973-04-21 1978-04-27 Smit Nijmegen B.V., Nijmegen (Niederlande) Burners for burning liquid fuel

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1157039A (en) * 1967-02-20 1969-07-02 Gen Motors Corp Fuel Spray Nozzle
CH529973A (en) * 1970-04-30 1972-10-31 Gen Electric Liquid fuel burners
CH560356A5 (en) * 1972-11-09 1975-03-27 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd
GB1478394A (en) * 1973-09-10 1977-06-29 Gen Electric Apparatus for supplying a mixture of fuel and air to a combustion chamber

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6140981A (en) * 1984-07-17 1986-02-27 アルテユロ　サリス　ソシエタ　ペル　アツイオーニ Hinge for furniture
JPH0445637B2 (en) * 1984-07-17 1992-07-27 Salice Arturo Spa
EP0209631A1 (en) * 1985-07-24 1987-01-28 Deutsche Babcock Werke Aktiengesellschaft Process and burner for combusting liquid fuel
EP0242329A2 (en) 1986-04-15 1987-10-21 Ciba-Geigy Ag Monoclonal antibodies against interferon-induced human protein in pure form, and test kits containing these antibodies

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US4437314A (en) 1984-03-20
DE3026832A1 (en) 1982-02-11
DE3163283D1 (en) 1984-05-30
EP0043908B1 (en) 1984-04-25

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