DE102020005129B4 - Lower carbon and carbon-free electrodes for use in steel metallurgy - Google Patents
Lower carbon and carbon-free electrodes for use in steel metallurgy Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009865 steel metallurgy Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052566 spinel group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910020068 MgAl Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010310 metallurgical process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 calcium aluminates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical class [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012254 magnesium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920003987 resole Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910026161 MgAl2O4 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001341 Crude steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009847 ladle furnace Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
- H05B7/02—Details
- H05B7/06—Electrodes
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Kohlenstofffreie oder kohlenstoffärmere Elektroden für die Stahlmetallurgie für Anwendungen in Elektrolichtbogenofen oder Behandlungspfannen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie aus Metall oder Metallen und Oxid oder Oxiden, oder nur Metall in Kombination mit Wasserkühlung, bestehen, wobei die Verbund- bzw. Werkstoffverbunde nach der Urformgebung in reduzierter oder geschützter (z.B. Argon) Atmosphäre gesintert und nachträglich in einem Temperaturbereich von 700 bis 1400 °C in sauerstoffreicher Atmosphäre oder Luft aufoxidiert werden, sodass die Elektroden Passivierungsschichten, enthaltend Spinelle oder Mischspinelle, gebildet aus den Oxiden der Metalle und deren Legierungselementen mit den in der Mischung vorhandenen Oxiden, z.B. auf der Basis von MgO, CaO, Al2O3, MgAl2O4, ZrO2, aufweisen.Carbon-free or low-carbon electrodes for steel metallurgy for applications in electric arc furnaces or treatment ladles, characterized in that they consist of metal or metals and oxide or oxides, or only metal in combination with water cooling, wherein the composite or material composites are sintered after the original shaping in a reduced or protected (e.g. argon) atmosphere and subsequently oxidized in a temperature range of 700 to 1400 °C in an oxygen-rich atmosphere or air, so that the electrodes have passivation layers containing spinels or mixed spinels, formed from the oxides of the metals and their alloying elements with the oxides present in the mixture, e.g. based on MgO, CaO, Al2O3, MgAl2O4, ZrO2.
Description
Der Begriff von inerten Anoden ist eng mit der Aluminiummetallurgie und insbesondere mit dem Einsatz von kohlenstofffreien Anoden bei der Aluminiumschmelzflusselektrolyse verbunden. Die Aluminiumschmelzflusselektrolyse ist einer der energieintensivsten, metallurgischen Prozesse mit hohem Verbrauch an Kohlenstoffanoden. Inerte Anoden für die Aluminiumschmelzflusselektrolyse werden u.a. in den letzten Jahrzenten intensiv untersucht und Kupfer/Nickel/Eisen-Legierungen bzw. ihre Oxide sind potenzielle Werkstoffkandidaten u.a. wegen der hohen elektrischen Leitfähigkeit als auch wegen ihrer ausreichenden Korrosionsbeständigkeit im Bad der Aluminiumschmelzflusselektrolyse.The term inert anodes is closely linked to aluminum metallurgy and in particular to the use of carbon-free anodes in aluminum molten salt electrolysis. Aluminum molten salt electrolysis is one of the most energy-intensive metallurgical processes with high consumption of carbon anodes. Inert anodes for aluminum molten salt electrolysis have been intensively investigated in recent decades and copper/nickel/iron alloys or their oxides are potential material candidates due to their high electrical conductivity and their sufficient corrosion resistance in the aluminum molten salt electrolysis bath.
Weltweit werden ca. 40 % des Rohstahls im Elektrolichtbogenofen hergestellt. Durch die größere Bedeutung der Eisenschwammmetallurgie als Ersatz der Hochofentechnologie wird der Elektrolichtbogenofen immer mehr im Fokus stehen. Diese Art Entwicklungen bei der Elektrostahlerzeugung sind und werden insbesondere von der Energiebereitschaft und Energieeffizienz sowie der Rohstoffverfügbarkeit und Produktivität getrieben. Die bisherigen Elektrodenmaterialien basieren auf dem Werkstoff Kohlenstoff mit allen seinen wirtschaftlichen und funktionstechnischen Vorteilen (elektrische Leitfähigkeit, chemische Energiebeiträge etc.), allerdings mit der Umweltproblematik der CO2-Generierung. Die Reduzierung von Kohlenstoff, aber insbesondere der Verzicht auf Kohlenstoff bei den Elektroden in der Stahlmetallurgie im Sinne einer neuen Generation von inerten Elektroden, steht im Vordergrund dieser Erfindung.Around 40% of crude steel worldwide is produced in electric arc furnaces. Due to the increased importance of sponge iron metallurgy as a replacement for blast furnace technology, the electric arc furnace will increasingly be the focus of attention. These types of developments in electric steel production are and will be driven in particular by energy availability and energy efficiency as well as raw material availability and productivity. The electrode materials used to date are based on carbon with all of its economic and functional advantages (electrical conductivity, chemical energy contributions, etc.), but with the environmental problem of CO 2 generation. The reduction of carbon, but in particular the elimination of carbon in the electrodes in steel metallurgy in the sense of a new generation of inert electrodes, is the focus of this invention.
Aus dem Stand der Technik sind Elektroden, insbesondere für Lichtbogenöfen, mit und ohne Kohlenstoff bekannt.Electrodes, especially for arc furnaces, with and without carbon are known from the state of the art.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, Elektroden, insbesondere Elektroden für die Stahlmetallurgie, bereitzustellen, die inert sind, den Kohlenstoffverbrauch reduzieren und die Nachteile des Standes des Technik überwinden.The object of the invention is therefore to provide electrodes, in particular electrodes for steel metallurgy, which are inert, reduce carbon consumption and overcome the disadvantages of the prior art.
Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch Elektroden mit den Merkmalen gemäß dem unabhängigen Anspruch 1. Bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen geben die Unteransprüche wieder.The object is achieved by electrodes having the features according to independent claim 1. Preferred embodiments are given in the subclaims.
Erfindungsgemäß werden kohlenstofffreie Elektroden für die Stahlmetallurgie z.B. im Elektrolichtbogenofen oder Pfannenofen auf der Basis von Metall oder Metallen und Oxid oder Oxiden oder nur Metall, in Kombination in diesem Fall mit Wasserkühlung offenbart.According to the invention, carbon-free electrodes for steel metallurgy, e.g. in electric arc furnaces or ladle furnaces, based on metal or metals and oxide or oxides or only metal, in combination in this case with water cooling, are disclosed.
In bevorzugten Ausführungsformen werden kohlenstoffärmere Elektroden für die Stahlmetallurgie auf der Basis von Metall oder Metallen und Oxid oder Oxiden mit Zusätzen auf Kohlenstoff und/oder SiC und/oder B4C und/oder TiB2 offenbart.In preferred embodiments, lower carbon electrodes for steel metallurgy based on metal or metals and oxide or oxides with additions of carbon and/or SiC and/or B 4 C and/or TiB 2 are disclosed.
In bevorzugten Ausführungsformen dienen bei den kohlenstofffreien Elektroden als Metall Stahl oder Eisen, Eisen- und Stahllegierungen, Cu, Ni, Ti, Mo, W, Ta, Nb und weitere Refraktäre Metalle.In preferred embodiments, the metal used for the carbon-free electrodes is steel or iron, iron and steel alloys, Cu, Ni, Ti, Mo, W, Ta, Nb and other refractory metals.
In bevorzugten Ausführungsformen dienen als Oxide MgO, CaO, Al2O3, MgAl2O4, ZrO2 und deren Kombinationen, z.B. Calciumaluminate.In preferred embodiments, the oxides used are MgO, CaO, Al 2 O 3 , MgAl 2 O 4 , ZrO 2 and combinations thereof, e.g. calcium aluminates.
In bevorzugten Ausführungsformen dienen zu den Oxiden weitere Oxidzusätze wie z.B. TiO2, SiO2.In preferred embodiments, further oxide additives such as TiO 2 , SiO 2 , are used in addition to the oxides.
In bevorzugten Ausführungsformen bei den kohlenstofffeien Elektroden auf der Basis von Metall oder Metallen und Oxid oder Oxiden werden nach der Urformgebung, die Verbund- bzw. Werkstoffverbunde in reduzierter oder geschützter (z.B. Argon) Atmosphäre gesintert.In preferred embodiments of the carbon-free electrodes based on metal or metals and oxide or oxides, after the original shaping, the composite or material composites are sintered in a reduced or protected (e.g. argon) atmosphere.
Erfindungsgemäß werden nach der Urformgebung, die Verbund- bzw. Werkstoffverbunde in reduzierter oder geschützter (z.B. Argon) Atmosphäre gesintert und nachträglich in einem Temperaturbereich von 700 bis 1400 °C in sauerstoffreicher Atmosphäre oder Luft aufoxidiert. According to the invention, after the original shaping, the composites or material composites are sintered in a reduced or protected (e.g. argon) atmosphere and subsequently oxidized in a temperature range of 700 to 1400 °C in an oxygen-rich atmosphere or air.
Erfindungsgemäß führt diese Aufoxidation zur Bildung von Passivierungsschichten aufweisenden Elektroden, enthaltend Spinelle oder Mischspinelle aus den Oxiden der Metalle und deren Legierungselementen mit den vorhandenen in der Mischung Oxiden, z.B. auf der Basis von MgO, CaO, Al2O3, MgAl2O4, ZrO2 etc.According to the invention, this oxidation leads to the formation of electrodes having passivation layers, containing spinels or mixed spinels from the oxides of the metals and their alloying elements with the oxides present in the mixture, e.g. based on MgO, CaO, Al 2 O 3 , MgAl 2 O 4 , ZrO 2 etc.
In bevorzugten Ausführungsformen wird eine metallische Gitterstruktur oder ein metallischer Draht oder ein metallisches Gittergewebe oder ein metallisches Papier oder eine metallische Folie oder ein metallischer Schwamm mit einer keramischen Masse auf der Basis von MgO, CaO, Al2O3, MgAl2O4, ZrO2 beschichtet oder getränkt und bindet mit der Hilfe von gängigen Bindemitteln aus der Feuerfestindustrie , wiein bevorzugten Ausführungsformen Zement, Calciumaluminat-Zemente, Phosphate, Phenolharze (Novolake oder Resole), Aluminium- oder Magnesiumhydroxide, Alpha-Bond etc. ab.In preferred embodiments, a metallic lattice structure or a metallic wire or a metallic mesh or a metallic paper or a metallic foil or a metallic sponge is coated or impregnated with a ceramic mass based on MgO, CaO, Al 2 O 3 , MgAl 2 O 4 , ZrO 2 and binds with the aid of common binding agents from the refractory industry, such as, in preferred embodiments, cement, calcium aluminate cements, phosphates, phenolic resins (novolacs or resols), aluminum or magnesium hydroxides, alpha bond, etc.
In bevorzugten Ausführungsformen kann der Elektroden-Werkstoffverbund aus Metall oder Metallen und Oxid oder Oxiden als Voll- oder Hohlbauteil vorliegen.In preferred embodiments, the electrode material composite made of metal or metals and oxide or oxides can be present as a solid or hollow component.
In bevorzugten Ausführungsformen kann der Elektroden-Werkstoffverbund aus Metall oder Metallen und Oxid oder Oxiden als Hohlzylinderbauteil vorliegen, um Gase oder weitere Feststoffzusätze während des metallurgischen Prozesses zu zu führen.In preferred embodiments, the electrode material composite made of metal or metals and oxide or oxides can be present as a hollow cylinder component in order to supply gases or other solid additives during the metallurgical process.
In bevorzugten Ausführungsformen kann der Elektroden-Werkstoffverbund aus Metall oder Metallen und Oxid oder Oxiden als Hohlzylinderbauteil vorliegen, um Gase während des metallurgischen Prozesses zu zuführen und zu zünden, um Plasma zu generieren.In preferred embodiments, the electrode material composite of metal or metals and oxide or oxides may be in the form of a hollow cylinder component to supply and ignite gases during the metallurgical process to generate plasma.
In bevorzugten Ausführungsformen kann der Elektroden-Werkstoffverbund aus Metall oder Metallen und Oxid oder Oxiden gezielt chemisch mit der Schmelze aus Schlacke und/oder Metall reagieren und der Schlacke Oxide zur Steuerung der Chemie der Schlacke zu zuführen bzw. das Metall aus der Elektrode aufoxidieren und gezielt Schlackenbildner oder notwendige Reagens zu zu führen.In preferred embodiments, the electrode material composite made of metal or metals and oxide or oxides can specifically react chemically with the melt of slag and/or metal and supply oxides to the slag to control the chemistry of the slag or oxidize the metal from the electrode and specifically supply slag formers or necessary reagents.
Erfindungsgemäßes Beispiel 1Inventive Example 1
Ein dicht gewickeltes Stahlgitter wird in einer Gießmasse aus MgO, Dolomit und mit 5 % Calciumaluminat-Zement eingeführt. Nach der Abbindung wird der Werkstoffverbund bei 1300 °C unter Schutzgas Argon gebrannt und anschließend oberhalb 750 °C in Luftatmosphäre aufoxidiert. Der Werkstoffverbund kann als Elektrodenmaterial eingesetzt werden.A tightly wound steel grid is introduced into a casting compound made of MgO, dolomite and 5% calcium aluminate cement. After setting, the composite material is fired at 1300 °C under argon inert gas and then oxidized above 750 °C in an air atmosphere. The composite material can be used as an electrode material.
Erfindungsgemäßes Beispiel 2Inventive Example 2
Ein dicht gewickeltes Stahlgitter wird mit einem feinkörnigen Schlicker auf Basis von Fe/Ni beschichtet, getrocknet und anschließend zwischen 800 bis 950°C in Schutzgas Argon gesintert und dann oberhalb 750 °C aufoxidiert. Anschließend wird das beschichtete Stahlgitter in einer Gießmasse aus MgO, Dolomit und mit 5 % Calciumaluminat-Zement eingeführt. Nach der Abbindung erfolgt eine thermische Wärmebehandlung in Luftatmosphäre oberhalb 800°C.A tightly wound steel grid is coated with a fine-grained slip based on Fe/Ni, dried and then sintered between 800 and 950°C in argon inert gas and then oxidized above 750°C. The coated steel grid is then introduced into a casting compound made of MgO, dolomite and 5% calcium aluminate cement. After setting, a thermal heat treatment is carried out in an air atmosphere above 800°C.
Claims (12)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020005129.4A DE102020005129B4 (en) | 2020-08-21 | 2020-08-21 | Lower carbon and carbon-free electrodes for use in steel metallurgy |
| PCT/EP2021/073075 WO2022038238A1 (en) | 2020-08-21 | 2021-08-19 | Lower-carbon and carbon-free electrodes for use in steel metallurgy |
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| DE102020005129.4A DE102020005129B4 (en) | 2020-08-21 | 2020-08-21 | Lower carbon and carbon-free electrodes for use in steel metallurgy |
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| DE102020005129A1 DE102020005129A1 (en) | 2022-02-24 |
| DE102020005129B4 true DE102020005129B4 (en) | 2024-05-16 |
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| WO (1) | WO2022038238A1 (en) |
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| DE102008042499A1 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2010-04-01 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Process for the preparation of high purity silicon carbide from carbohydrates and silica by calcining |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1501420A (en) * | 1922-05-13 | 1924-07-15 | Nitrum Ag | Electrode for high-tension arc furnaces |
| US3080499A (en) * | 1960-05-31 | 1963-03-05 | Titanium Metals Corp | Consumable electrodes |
| FR2622078B1 (en) * | 1987-10-20 | 1990-03-09 | Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech | WALL ELECTRODE FOR ELECTRIC METALLURGICAL OVEN |
| DE4335065C2 (en) * | 1993-10-11 | 1996-07-11 | Mannesmann Ag | Bottom electrode for a metallurgical vessel operated with direct current |
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- 2020-08-21 DE DE102020005129.4A patent/DE102020005129B4/en active Active
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| AT253900B (en) | 1962-03-30 | 1967-04-25 | Union Carbide Corp | Electrode assembly and arc operation method using this assembly |
| DE2343504A1 (en) | 1973-08-29 | 1975-03-27 | Max Planck Inst Eisenforschung | Consumable electrodes for arc furnace steel mfr. - using steel tube filled with scrap and iron ore |
| DE2520200A1 (en) | 1974-05-06 | 1975-11-27 | Coal Industry Patents Ltd | ELECTRODE GRAPHITE, CARBON ELECTRODES AND MANUFACTURING PROCESS |
| DE3424510A1 (en) | 1984-07-04 | 1986-01-09 | Krupp Stahl Ag, 4630 Bochum | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR METALLURGICAL TREATMENT OF PRE-MELTED METALS |
| DE60209146T2 (en) | 2001-10-26 | 2006-10-19 | Centro Sviluppo Materiali S.P.A. | ELECTRODE, ESPECIALLY FOR STEEL INDUSTRIAL ELECTRIC ARC FLOORS AND THE SAME, AND CORRESPONDING OPERATING METHOD |
| DE102008042499A1 (en) | 2008-09-30 | 2010-04-01 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Process for the preparation of high purity silicon carbide from carbohydrates and silica by calcining |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102020005129A1 (en) | 2022-02-24 |
| WO2022038238A1 (en) | 2022-02-24 |
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